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Reporting back research findings: A case study of community-based tourism research in northern Canada
Abstract
In this article, experiences of reporting back research results to three communities in northern Canada (Churchill, Manitoba, Cambridge Bay and Pond Inlet, both in Nunavut) are described. The research examined residents' attitude towards tourism development. Reporting of initial findings was integral to the research process to ensure that results made sense from a local perspective. The research engaged a variety of traditional means (such as reports and talks) and more novel reporting mechanisms (such as weblogs). In each of the three communities, reporting research findings was met with genuine surprise and interest (i.e. that someone had taken the time to come back). The weblog did prove, and continues, to be a useful research tool to help facilitate communication between heterogeneous groups. We discuss how the reporting back process has (a) assisted in the verification of the research results; (b) lead to a variety of intended practical outcomes and (c) helped to demystify the research process. We argue that the reporting back of research results is a key component of working with and within communities and is crucial in developing and maintaining meaningful research relationships in northern Canada, and elsewhere.
... For several decades the Arctic has been undergoing significant changes in environment, culture and economy, straining an already stressed human and economic environment (Nuttall & Callaghan, 2000;Stewart & Draper 2009). Arctic tourism's visibility has rapidly increased (Maher, 2017;, helped by the proliferation of striking social media images of wild and frozen landscapes (Runge et al., 2020). ...
... Stewart et al. (2017) compiles the research into eight themes: development, management, experience, global change, governance, impact, community, and reviews (Ciaputa & Salwicka, 1997;Davis, 1998;Enzenbacher, 1994;Johnston, 1998;Kaltenborn, 2000;Kaltenborn & Emmelin, 1993;Mason, 1997;Mason & Mowforth, 1996;Scott, 2001;Smith, 1994;Splettstoesser & Folks, 1994;Storehouse, 1990). The dominant sub-theme is managing cruise tourism, as that is the most popular mode of transport for tourists to polar regions, and has long been connected to environmental and cultural issues in the Arctic and beyond (Bertram et al., 2008;Huijbens, 2015;Lamers & Pashkevich, 2015;Lasserre & Têtu, 2015;Lynch et al., 2010;Stewart & Draper, 2009;Wright, 2008). Bystrowska and Dawson (2017) argue that Arctic cruise itineraries have significant impact in creating tourism destinations and diversifying tourism space throughout the Arctic. ...
... Their research creates a typology of perceived values of a tourism destination and shows that decisions on choosing a cruise ship destination is based primarily on sailing conditions, shipping logistics, and perceived risks, with social factors (and hence impact on local communities) less important. Integrated management strategies of cruise tourism in the Arctic are suggested in order to make development more socially equitable and environmentally responsible to local communities (Stewart & Draper, 2009). ...
The theme of 2021, Defining and Mapping the Arctic: Sovereignties, Policies and Perceptions contains relevant topics that are much discussed, examined, reported and speculated in policy circles, academia, and the media. Perhaps because it is distant from major political, business and media centres, the Arctic seems especially prone to external interpretations of its essential character. How the Arctic is defined and perceived, or redefined, as well as how non-Arctic actors remap their geographical position and (re)identify their relationship with the Arctic region has real implications for how it is governed, as the 2020 IIASA analysis on Arctic policies reveals. Yet dominant narratives about the region are often based on superficial, ideological or arbitrary understandings. There is a need for better-informed discussions about the essential nature of the Arctic, and its people, its economy, its geography and its environment, as well as the examination of dominant perceptions.
This 10th edition of the Arctic Yearbook has provided such a space for this endeavour. This volume contains 33 scholarly articles that explore, analyze, critique, and further discuss how the globalized Arctic is (re)defined and (re)mapped. The diverse collection of articles in this volume engage with a variety of unique but also overlapping topics that include 'traditional' Arctic security and sovereignty issues; geographical factors that are influencing regional geopolitics; Russian development interests and activities; economic considerations related to Arctic geography; and the diverse roles of identity, art, and culture in articulating alternative notions of sovereignty in the region.
... Sådan gruppindelning brukar göras utifrån det som kallas identitetsmarkörer, det vill säga utifrån faktorer som markerar en specifik aspekt av vilka vi är som människor. Vanliga identitetsmarkörer är könstillhörighet, ålder, utbildnings-och inkomstnivå, geografiskt område, språklig bakgrund, etnicitet och familjesituation (10,30,33,34,42,47,52,(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68), men när det gäller forskning om hälsa kan även ett hälsotillstånd eller en sjukdomsdiagnos vara en relevant markör för gruppindelning (69). En utgångspunkt för SamAktionsforskning är således att identitet kan knytas till grupper, det vill säga att vissa människori ett visst avseendehar en så lika identitet att de kan sägas tillhöra samma grupp, och att en person ur den gruppen därmed kan representera alla andra människor i den gruppen (3,5,44). ...
... I litteraturen ges exempel på hur effektiva kommunikationsstrategier kan formuleras tillsammans med berörd befolkning, hur strukturer för delaktighet kan användas även för spridning av forskningsresultat och att detta kan göras kontinuerligt under ett pågående projekt (allteftersom lärdomar dras). Exempel på olika kompletterande kommunikationsformer är: sociala medier, tecknad film, faktaaffischer, internetforum, rapport på vardagligt språk, lokala forskningspresentationer, inslag i lokalradio, dokumentär kortfilm, nyhetsbrev (33,58). ...
... PATH börjar med undersökning av befolkningens uppfattningar om hälsa och hälsoläge, fortsätter i utveckling av en hälsovision och avslutas i design och utvärdering av instrument för HKB. Processinnehållet är formulerat så att det undersöker och samtidigt ökar deltagarnas kunskap om sociala faktorers betydelse för hälsan, så att en 42 Författarens översättning och fria tolkning från (58). 43 Interventions-och implementeringsforskning är en särskild forskningsgenre som SamAktionsforskning, i dessa frågor, kan dra lärdomar ifrån (155)(156)(157). ...
... CBPR is understood as a general framework for research conducted by, for, or with the participation of a community (Markey et al. 2010). The practice of CBPR includes a range of actionoriented intentions, participation, and collaborative partnerships (Stewart and Draper 2009;Markey et al. 2010). These goals have built awareness among researchers and community members of the community capacity inherent in local knowledge systems, helping substitute paternalistic, and condescending practices of research on communities (Gibson-Graham 2003;Battiste 2008). ...
... This has fuelled expectations for greater participation in all stages of research, including defining research priorities and methods, collecting data, and analyzing and disseminating results (Gearheard and Shirley 2007;ITK and NRI 2007). Researchers listening to such requests have welcomed opportunities for CBPR so that locally driven projects can contribute to the quality of local and regional life and address local interests, priorities, and knowledge (ITK and NRI 2007;Doubleday et al. 2008;Laidler and Elee 2008;Stewart and Draper 2009;Gearheard et al. 2011). These goals represent the high degree of research involvement desired and performed by Nunavut communities. ...
... A primary goal of research planning workshops in Baker Lake (July 2008), Rankin Inlet (December 2009), and Gjoa Haven (February 2010) was for community representatives and researchers to work together to identify local issues that might benefit from partnered research and how potential research might best be structured. This research planning approach followed a collaborative model, advocating community participation at all stages of the research process, including the project design phase (ITK and NRI 2007;Stewart and Draper 2009). While the researcher-facilitated meetings were engaging and the attendees responsive, brainstorming sessions leaned toward discussions of problems, challenges, and deficiencies rather than hopes or capacity within the community, suggesting that this component of the collaborative research process can be detrimental to well-being. ...
In this article, we consider the formation of responsible research relationships with Inuit communities from an “outsider” researcher perspective. Cautious not to prescribe what counts as responsible, we draw on research experiences in several Nunavut communities to introduce and explain “engaged acclimatization.” This neologism refers to embodied and relational methodological processes for fostering responsible research partnerships, and is inspired by the significance of preliminary fieldwork in orienting the lead author's doctoral thesis. As a complement to community-based participatory methodologies, engaged acclimatization facilitates endogenous research by enacting ethics as a lived experience, initiating and nurturing relationships as a central component of research, and centring methods on circumstances within participating communities. After we locate engaged acclimatization within resonant literature and details of interrelated research projects, our article sketches out four aspects of engaged acclimatization: crafting relations, learning, immersion, and activism. In our discussion of each, we integrate specific insights derived from field notes, observations, photographs, critical reflections, and literature that have brought us to this understanding. The four aspects provide conceptual and methodological tools for readers to apply in the contexts of their own research programs or in guidelines for establishing partnerships with Inuit or Aboriginal communities. The value of this article lies in the extent to which it encourages readers to situate engaged acclimatization in their own research and further develop it as a process.
... Community Tourism should be considered as a complement, not a substitute, in the revitalizing policies of the local economy, as an instrument that helps mitigate, or at least alleviate, the adverse effects of underdevelopment [23]. For this reason, many studies analyze the implementation of community tourism in the most impoverished areas [24]; Kenya [25,26], Botswana [27], Namibia [28], China [29], Malaysia [30], Thailand [31], Australia [32], Canada [33], Mexico [34], Chile [35], Brazil [36], Peru [37], Costa Rica [38], El Salvador [5], Ecuador [39]. ...
... Together with authorship, the affiliation, both of articles and authors, is one of the determining factors for the correct identification and recovery of intellectual production in the different databases (Table 6). In this respect, by countries and within the scientific production of articles related to Community Tourism, the United States stands out with 13.9% (16) of WoS articles and 17.3% (33) of Scopus affiliated to any of its centers. However, Canada is the country whose articles receive the highest number of citations, 994 in WoS and 1683 in Scopus, despite having only 10 and 15 indexed articles, respectively. ...
Abstract: In the last decades in developing countries, the tourism sector has been immersed in an intense process of strengthening the participation of local communities through the so-called community tourism initiatives, whose main objective is to improve the quality of life of the inhabitants of host communities, ensuring the subsistence of traditional culture. Its growing momentum as a means for sustainable tourism and a strategy for social development has generated a large amount of academic literature, and it is necessary to analyze its presence in the main multidisciplinary databases. Thus, the main purpose of our article is to show the current state of scientific production on community tourism through a bibliometric comparative study of the documents indexed in the WoS and Scopus databases, dealing with aspects such as their coverage, correlation between both bases, overlapping of documents and journals, growth, dispersion or concentration of articles, among others. For this purpose, and by means of an advanced search by terms, a representative set of 115 articles in WoS and 185 in Scopus were selected, with the time limit set in 2017. These form the ad-hoc basis of the analysis. In view of the results, it is concluded that, although WoS and Scopus databases differ in terms of scope, volume of data, and coverage policies, both information systems
are complementary but not exclusive. Although the documents and the results of their analysis are in many aspects similar, Scopus has a better coverage in the specific area of community tourism due to collecting a greater number of articles, journals and signatures, and its articles receiving a greater
Keywords: community-based tourism; bibliometric study; WoS; Scopus; coverage; overlap
... Studies with objectives similar to those analyzed previously were carried out in other countries, such as Hawaii [41], Belize [42], Australia [43], Dominica [44], Peru [45], Brazil [46], Canada [47], Namibia [48], Tanzania [49], Madagascar [50], Cape Verde [51], India [52], Fiji [53], South Africa [54], Thailand [55], Italy [56], Romania [57], and Cambodia [58]. ...
This work aims to show a theoretical model of community-based tourism, to explain its component subsystems, to provide its theoretical–methodological foundation and to discuss the indications of its practical instrumentation in facing the changes that tourism of the future imposes and will impose. The research was carried out in the tourist context of Ecuador, for which the deductive method was applied, which allowed for examining the problem, and the more general theories related to tourist activity, which allowed for identifying the premises and objectives of the work to reach accurate conclusions on the subject studied. This was a mixed investigation that allowed for integrating the contributions of qualitative and quantitative analyses in the treatment and processing of information. The results included achieving systematization of the theoretical models linked to community-based tourism and, from a practical point of view, obtaining a new model of community-based tourism, a graphic representation of the subsystems that form this model, and its arguments. The findings show the need to update the community-based tourism model as a contribution to the scientific development of tourism as well as the systemic nature of its components from a new perspective of analysis that considers the need for changes as a developmental factor.
... Once the online survey link was ready, the researcher placed the link into three BTS online fan communities known for having adult fans participating. A preliminary summary of the results of this research was then accessibly "reported back" to the fandom by means of a poster/picture (Stewart & Draper, 2009) which was shared in the same online BTS fan community where some BTS fans suggested edits for the survey. The BTS fans were invited to comment on the findings and could also email the researcher with their feedback if they wished to do so. ...
Adult fans of K‐Pop band BTS are part of a diverse and global fandom that has an evident psychological sense of community associated with psychosocial benefits such as increases in wellbeing. This study aimed to investigate if cyberbullying victimization plays an influential role in the relationship of BTS fans' psychological sense of community and wellbeing using an online co‐designed survey administered to 183 participants. There was a significant positive relationship found between psychological sense of community and wellbeing. The results of a moderation analysis were interpreted as cyberbullying victimization not having an influential role in this positive relationship, despite cyberbullying typically having detrimental effects on interpersonal relationships and communities generally. It was concluded that BTS fans' psychological sense of community may be buffering against the adverse consequences of cyberbullying victimization and/or competent anti‐cyberbullying and online safety practices are being carried out in online BTS fan communities. Implications for anti‐cyberbullying researchers and cyberbullying prevention efforts are also discussed.
... La investigación relacionada con el turismo comunitario ha sido objeto de estudio por numerosos académicos e investigadores en diversos países y/o destinos: Australia (Dyer & Aberdeen, 2003), Dominica (Patterson, Gulden, & Cousins, 2004), Japón (Hiwasaki, 2006), Brasil (Guerreiro Marcon, 2007, México (Sánchez, 2008), Canadá (Stewart, 2009), Costa Rica (Trejos B. y.-C., 2010), Galápagos (Ruiz Ballesteros, 2011), Suráfrica (Giampiccoli, 2012), Rumania (Iorio, 2013), entre muchos otros. ...
El turismo como factor de desarrollo económico local constituye en la actualidad un tema de vital importancia dentro de la economía mundial. El presente artículo se estructuró un sistema teórico conceptual sobre la base del estudio del turismo comunitario en especial los alojamientos privados, y su rol en el desarrollo local, específicamente en la ciudad de Matanzas. Se persigue con dicha investigación el objetivo de estudiar los aportes que brindan los alojamientos privados como factor de desarrollo económico local de la ciudad de Matanzas. Se aporta como resultado principal, los principales impactos sociales, económicos y medioambientales de los alojamientos privados, como respuesta a la necesidad creciente de garantizar el desarrollo del sector privado en el territorio y con ello el desarrollo local, según lo planteado en la Política Económica y Social del Estado Cubano. La metodología empleada para elaborar este estudio parte de fuentes secundarias, en concreto, de una profunda revisión de la literatura científica que diversos autores han desarrollado en el campo del turismo comunitario y el desarrollo local sostenible. Se arriba a conclusiones que integran los aportes más relevantes de los hostales privados al desarrollo local de la ciudad de Matanzas.
... This is because CBT is often a late addition to socio-economic fabrics where local communities have been entrenched in years of agrarian economic structures. For this reason, undertaking and leveraging on CBT often takes different generations to realize desired outcomes for local communities as a slow, and revolutionary process to ways of living (Sin and Minca 2014;Stewart and Draper 2009). ...
Community-based tourism (CBT) is part of East Asia's tourism landscape as local communities seek to diversify their livelihoods towards tourism. However, little is known about the evolution of research surrounding CBT in the region. Through undertaking a bibliometric analysis of 401 Scopus-indexed articles, this research found that CBT practices have increasingly questioned the legitimacy and authenticity of its value to local communities. Findings also illustrated most studies centred on China, and co-authorship networks mostly occurring between research supervisors and their students. Theoretical and practical insights to advance CBT research in East Asia are proposed.
... Arctic Canada is particularly well researched e.g. (Dawson et al., 2014;Dawson et al., 2017;Johnston, Johnston, Stewart, Dawson, & Lemelin, 2012;Stewart et al., 2013;(Stewart and Draper, 2009)). A smaller number of studies have focused on destinations in Iceland (Fridriksson, Wise, & Scott, 2020), Greenland (James, Olsen, & Karlsdóttir, 2020), Norway (Van Bets, Lamers, & van Tatenhove, 2017), Alaska (Adams, 2010) and North-west Russia (Lamers & Pashkevich, 2018;Olsen et al., 2020;Olsen, Carter, Dawson, & Coetzee, 2019;Pashkevich & Stjernström, 2014). ...
Cruise arrivals in the Arctic often take place in small coastal communities. Although there may be economic benefits for these communities, these are often counterbalanced by social and environmental stresses. In this article, we ask how we can tend to Arctic cruise tourism development using Haraway's concept of staying with the trouble. As a way to bridge often polarized views on cruise tourism as either an economic tool or a destructive force, we propose a practice-based research approach to engage with the complexities of cruise tourism. The aim is to foster response-abililty for Arctic cruise communities to live (better) with cruise tourism. We argue that practice-based approaches help researchers ‘stay with the trouble’ as it is rooted in everyday experiences and the materiality of cruise destinations. Also, its flat ontology supports a ‘tinkering’ approach to cruise practices.
... Thus, it is evident that upholding local social and cultural capital for developing tourism in a sustainable way necessitates a bottom-up approach and that planning begins from community agency and taking into account local initiatives and preconditions (cf. Matarrita-Cascante et al. 2010;Stewart and Draper 2009;Stewart et al. 2015). In June 2020, while we were working on this paper and while the COVID-19 pandemic was affecting tourism infrastructure globally, all direct flights to Narsarsuaq were promptly canceled for the rest of the year. ...
Abstract. In this article, we identify and discuss the possibilities, limitations, and challenges of sustainable tourism development in Southwest Greenland through a consideration of dimensions
of social and cultural capital. We present our findings concerning the current context-specific promises and problems of tourism development and then discuss suggestions to improve local
sustainability. Our argument is that the diverse natural, cultural, and political histories of this area offer a range of resources, here conceptualized as dimensions of capital, for multiple smaller,
decentralized, and interconnected economic activities that can together contribute to developing tourism. However, such activities in the Greenlandic context also face particular, interdependent challenges. We suggest that the development of a series of disparate but integrated attractions might offer numerous opportunities but that the concomitant challenges necessitate concerted efforts by public authorities to support targeted educational programs and communication infrastructure developments and improve the foundations for decentralized network economies.
... In the literature on research with Indigenous communities, ethical research shifts away from Western, colonizing research practices to working with or for the community for mutual benefit (Koster et. al., 2012;Stevens 2008;Stewart & Draper, 2009). The literature in this area recognizes that it is not enough to simply shift away from Westernized and colonizing research approaches (Schinke et. ...
This study contributes to the conceptualization of cultural sensitivity in tourism based on an analysis of tourism and social science literatures associated with Indigenous peoples in Canada. The study used a systematic literature review methodology, which consisted of thematically analysing 56 English language, tourism and social science journal articles. Findings indicate that while cultural sensitivity is rarely explicitly defined, several themes are consistently used to illustrate what cultural sensitivity entails or should entail in tourism and other social science encounters. Themes include: (i) respect, (ii) trust, (iii) ethics, (iv) cultural identity, (v) mutual understanding and cultural exchange, (vi) self-determination, governance, and capacity building, and (vii) unique healing, wellness, and spiritual needs. In addition to describing these interrelated themes, the study proposes a definition of cultural sensitivity in tourism tethered to the contexts of Indigenous peoples in Canada.
... Among others we mention: Costa Rica [76], Peru [27], Kenya Nomadas. [23,77], Japan [7,78], Australia [21], Belize [79], Botswana [80], Hawaii [81], China [82], Italy [83], Turkey [84], Thailand [85], Romania [86], Uganda [22], Namibia [87], Dominica [88], Tanzania [89], Canada [90], Cape Verde [91], Cambodia [92], India [93], South Africa [94], Fiji [95], Madagascar [96], Taiwan [97], Canada [98]. ...
Abstract
The aim of this work is to identify community the initiatives anchored to community-based tourism (CBT) in Ecuador with the aim of providing an overview of the current reality of community tourism in the country, in addition to publicizing the product lines under development within community initiatives. The methodology used is a descriptive analysis based on the review of secondary sources, which reflect the reality of the different tourism initiatives related to the Plurinational Federation of Community Tourism of Ecuador (FEPTCE) at the level of continental Ecuador. FEPTCE groups indigenous, Afro–Ecuadorian, Montubian and mestizo communities, who depend on their territory and have identified tourism as a mechanism to continue living with dignity within these territories, due to the option of economic diversification that is generated. Within the communities that belong to the FEPTCE, living with dignity implies achieving a good quality of life, which is not based on satisfying a series of basic needs, but implies going further, achieving the idea of “Good Living”, that is to say, reaching an appreciation of well-being, based on the conception of the full set of what culture is, in order to generate comprehensive sustainability of its spaces. Among the main results, the distribution and coverage that the FEPTCE has within continental Ecuador regarding community tourism is shown and analyzed. As a formal network of community-based tourism, it is made up of five networks at the regional level and nine at the provincial or cantonal level, which are analyzed in this study. The consolidation of the initiatives launched has been difficult with only 83 of the initial 121 being active and only 18 registered as community tourist centers. This case study shows that in Ecuador the network approach as the first step in the development of the CBT worked. Therefore, the development of the CBT must be approached from a network approach in which indigenous peoples (indigenous, mestizo, Afro-descendant, etc.) participate, administrations, the private sector, civil society, NGOs and tourist destinations, to which they must to join academic institutions by contributing solid data obtained through research that helps tourism development.
Keywords: community tourism; communities; cultures; community tourism of Ecuador (FEPTCE); Ecuador
... The paper reflects on the ethical imperative researchers have to juggle issues of transparency, reflexivity, local interests and positioning, as well as donor interests and restrictions. In addition, how we handle our research, our gatekeepers and key local contacts, our own commitment to regular sharing and engagement in discussion opportunities, indeed all our interactions in the field can affect not only our research findings and research standing, but can also influence those who come after us (Stewart and Draper 2009). Research fatigue among certain communities and practitioner hosts, and the still all-toocommon experience of research participants never hearing anything more, are examples of why we need to strive to the best of our abilities, within the constraints which we inevitably juggle, to reach the collective responsibility researchers have to consciously, ethically and sometimes creatively be a part of all aspects of the research process. ...
This research-praxis think-piece presents some wry musings from recent experience in Uganda attempting to bridge the research-practice interface and share research findings in the context of small African towns. It is written from the perspective of a recent doctoral graduate in a light-hearted but enquiring manner, with sometimes humorous, sometimes frustrated, reflections on the ethical/practical challenges of sharing findings. The article reminds us of the importance of relationship-building and maintenance, and how mundane practicalities can be critical for engagement, yet present ethical dilemmas. The paper also provides an opportunity for practitioners to reflect on their own interaction with researchers.
... Post 2009, we see the emergence of a small number of papers specifically examining the relationship between polar tourism (and exclusively Arctic tourism) and various notions of community such as resident perspectives (Kaján, 2013(Kaján, , 2014a(Kaján, , 2014bLemelin, Dawson, Johnston, Stewart, & Mattina, 2012;Stewart, Dawson, & Draper, 2011;Stewart, Dawson, & Johnston, 2015) and specifically the importance of involving community members in polar tourism research (Stewart & Draper, 2009). ...
The growth in polar travel has been matched in recent decades by an intensification of scholarly activity related to many aspects of polar tourism. This paper systematically reviews 262 journal articles published on polar tourism (1980–2016) and identifies key research phases and themes. The development of the polar tourism scholarly network is documented through a social network analysis (SNA) and reveals a highly fragmented scholarly community with the exception of a dense principal core group of researchers. A research agenda outlining future research themes and priorities is proposed. The paper indicates that polar tourism research has now emerged from its infancy and now is more likely to be underpinned by empirical, multi-disciplinary and theoretically situated research than in the past.
... Given the policy and practice implications of the fieldwork, the visitor survey findings and bio-physical review were reported to stakeholders and other community members via public talks that took place in August 2014. While communicating research findings can be challenging (Stewart & Draper, 2009), reporting allows for the possibility of 'research uptake and impact beyond the academic audience' (Strickert & Bradford, 2015). The hour long presentations attracted audiences of between 40 and 50 people at each of Franz Josef village, Fox Glacier village and Hokitika Township, to the north of the glaciers. ...
For more than 100 years, the Fox and Franz Josef Glaciers in Westland Tai Poutini National Park have attracted thousands of tourists annually and have emerged as iconic destinations in New Zealand. However, in recent years, the recession of both glaciers has been increasingly rapid and the impacts on, and implications for, visitor experiences in these settings remain relatively unexplored. A mixed-method approach was adopted to investigate visitor experiences and stakeholder perspectives through an assessment of climate-related changes on tourism at the glaciers in Westland Tai Poutini National Park. The bio-physical conditions at both the Franz Josef and Fox Glaciers were reviewed in order to assess the magnitude and rate of retreat. Perceptions of climate change risk and awareness of impacts in the National Park were assessed through stakeholder interviews (n = 13) and a visitor survey (n = 500) was used to better understand how impacts at these sites have affected and may continue to affect visitor experiences. Research results were reported to local communities via a series of public talks. Results revealed the fundamental importance of viewing the glaciers as a significant travel motive of visitors, suggesting that there is a ‘last chance’ dimension to their experience. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a high adaptive capacity of local tourism operators under rapidly changing environmental conditions. The implications of altered visitor experiences for tourism operators and protected area managers are discussed in light of these findings.
... Admittedly, ensuring resident involvement in decision-making is certainly a challenge, as it requires huge amounts of time and resources for both the powerful interest groups and residents alike (Sebele, 2010). Progress has been made in technology to make community involvement in tourism planning easier, by allowing residents to provide feedback through online networks and other communication outlets (Stewart and Draper, 2009). Convenience in communications, however, is not enough to encourage residents to actively participate. ...
Community involvement in tourism development is a subject that has attracted the attention of tourism researchers largely due to the potentially unfair power distribution between residents and powerful interest groups. This attention, however, has not produced significant literature regarding the possibly varied levels of involvement in tourism planning and development preferred by different residents. The present study addresses that lack of information by exploring the range of residents' preferred involvement approaches based on their demographic and perceptual profiles. Study findings should help all residents with different involvement needs being fairly represented in community engagement. Extending Tosun's typology of community involvement with new content about involvement scope, this study identifies four types of involvement preferences: (1) involving all residents in decision-making; (2) involving some residents in decision-making; (3) excluding residents from decision-making; and (4) excluding residents from any tourism planning effort. Respondents' perceptual profiles, including perceived social costs, perceived environmental sustainability or costs of tourism, and self-evaluative tourism knowledge influences their preferences for involvement in tourism development, as do their demographic profiles, including tourism industry employment status and household income. The limited variance explained in the preference measures, however, suggests the need to explore additional individual profiles.
... Many blogs also have an enabled 'comments' section beneath each post, which allows readers to engage with blog posts by providing responses, weblinks and feedback instantaneously. In terms of their potential as a research resource and method, blogs are: publicly available; globally accessible; archival in their capacity to store past posts and comments on the website; instantaneous in the ways posts and comments appear; predominantly written in the first person; have options for anonymity both for the blogger and for the people who comment; and are often part of a blogging community that centres on a common interest, for example, surfing (Hookway, 2008;James and Busher, 2009;Rettberg, 2008;Stewart and Draper, 2009;Tremayne, 2007;Wakeford and Cohen, 2008). ...
During my research about women and surfing, I have found writing a blog useful as a tool for doing research in the cultural context of surfing. More than a simply a space to increase transparency in my ethnographic research process, blogging became a method of its own. Linking Elizabeth St Pierre’s discussion of research ‘folds’ with Elspeth Probyn’s encouragement to ‘think the social through myself’, blogging helped to address feminist concerns that research remains relevant to lived cultural understandings and experiences of the women participating. Blogging also helped in developing a language and a style of writing that reflects the experiences of surfing in a culturally meaningful way, and to provide a way of locating my own subjectivity within the research space. Through blogging I have been able to keep fieldnotes and ideas alive, engaged and in exchange throughout the project, moving and shifting through both theory and culture.
... If the results are posted online, they can be made permanently accessible to the research participants and to a large population of individuals and can provide participants with customised feedback (Schmidt, 1997). Having immediate, visual, and user-friendly data access is highly appreciated by Indigenous communities who have been heavily researched in the past without receiving any feedback, or having to wait for several months before the researchers report back (Blangy, 2010;Stewart, 2009). The possibility of having instant feedback about the respondent's individual results and to have a global overview of other respondents' contributions increases participants' motivation and ownership, which is likely to encourage more accurate and thoughtful responses (Schmidt, 1997). ...
Collaboratories have been defined as virtual places where collaborative research can be undertaken. As part of the Aboriginal Tourism Network (ABORINET), a geocollaboratory was developed to support Indigenous tourism research. Indigenous communities are culturally distinct and remotely located and this presents geographic and sociocultural constraints when conducting research on issues affecting these communities. ABORINET's development focused on the specific goal of enabling collaboration between researchers and Indigenous peoples on issues related to Indigenous tourism planning and management, and the general issue of enabling the sharing of differing knowledge and management approaches among research and Indigenous communities. The purpose was to develop a multi-scale and multi-method data collection and analysis protocol for better understanding Indigenous tourism in a way that supports multi-site and longitudinal comparisons, for connecting Indigenous communities across the world, and for sharing the results in ways that are meaningful to stakeholders within and beyond Indigenous communities. This paper outlines the development of the geocollaboratory and describes the lessons learned with specific attention afforded the geographical nature of the collaboratory. Recommendations for mitigating challenges are proposed and future research opportunities are identified.
... Thus, it is evident that upholding local social and cultural capital for developing tourism in a sustainable way necessitates a bottom-up approach and that planning begins from community agency and taking into account local initiatives and preconditions (cf. Matarrita-Cascante et al. 2010;Stewart and Draper 2009;Stewart et al. 2015). In June 2020, while we were working on this paper and while the COVID-19 pandemic was affecting tourism infrastructure globally, all direct flights to Narsarsuaq were promptly canceled for the rest of the year. ...
Nowadays a mine is seen not only as a site for the production of minerals. The very same landscape is now also interpreted and given quite different meaning depending on the role of the mine in place specific contexts and a global system of production and consumption processes. Depending on this perspective there are two localities of Falun and Kiruna where the industrial landscapes are used and given meaning in different ways. In Kiruna the iron ore production in response to the external markets demand is expanding. It is a reality that the central parts of the city will be relocated in order to avoid the risk of damage due to the operations in the mine. The latter way of using the natural resource is looked upon as a traditional and thus of an unquestionable matter. Transition to the post-industrial society in Europe made it clear that even mines should be given a different role or face. The transition from one type of industrial production system to more consumer-oriented and highly of a cultural/historical importance is one the way in Falun. Are these ways of seeing the mine contradict with each other? How do they contribute to the overall economic development in these two localities? Our project aims to examine the similarities/differences between the two production systems in order to get deeper understanding of processes that generate regional growth.
Legal socialization is the process by which individuals develop values, attitudes, and behaviors related to the law and legal authorities. Legal socialization also includes beliefs about procedural justice, police legitimacy, and legal cynicism. To date, few studies have examined the legal socialization processes of transgender women, a worrisome omission given high rates of police contact, arrest, harassment, and violence among transgender women, particularly transgender women of color. This study examines transgender women's experiences with and perceptions about the police, including experiences of procedural injustice and how they impact police legitimacy and cynicism, among a racially diverse sample of transgender women living in Chicago. Participants described undergoing a secondary legal socialization process after beginning to transition. The study also documented strategies transgender women use to prevent police contact and arrest.
In the Arctic, participatory researches that build bridges between Western academics and indigenous communities are increasing and are necessary to promote what Raheja [2007. Reading nanook’s smile: Visual sovereignty, indigenous revisions of ethnography, and atanarjuat (The Fast Runner). American Quarterly, 59(4), 1159–1185.] called ‘visual sovereignty’ and narrative sovereignty of the people of the North. This research project was carried out with Cree and Inuit communities in Nunavik, Canada on their perception of the land particularly in the context of the creation of the Tursujuq National Park. This paper presents and discusses the benefits and challenges regarding the participatory research design of the project and the methods employed with a special focus on participatory photography. It highlights the importance of using participatory methods in the cultural dynamics and practices of the communities. The paper illustrates and analyses some learnings and insights that emerged from developing participatory research in this intercultural context between indigenous and non-indigenous partners by focusing on rapport-building and community engagement.
This paper presents a framework to assess the cultural sustainability of Aboriginal tourism in British Columbia, which meets must take into account the protection of human rights, good self-governance, identity, control of land, the tourism product’s authenticity, and a market-ready tourism product. These criteria are specified by two indicators each. The cultural sustainability framework was generated by triangulating qualitative research methods like experts’ interviews, secondary research, and participant and non-participant observations. This paper is thus conceptual in nature and inductive in its approach. It partly leverages a collaborative approach, as it includes interviewees in an iterative research loop. Furthermore, the paper shows why cultural sustainability is a determinant of the success of Aboriginal tourism.
Drawing on a study of resident attitudes toward tourism development in the Canadian Arctic, this article examines the experiences of one of the authors who was accompanied by her infant son during her fieldwork. Utilising Lo’s (Sociological Perspectives 59(3):694–713, 2016) concept of ‘motherhood capital’, derived from the work of Pierre Bourdieu, we argue that the presence of her son, who joined her on five occasions between the age of 9 and 22 months, disrupted normal research roles and relationships. We describe how her son helped rather than hindered her acceptance into the Inuit communities where she was working. By using Bourdieusian theory to examine researcher experience, we move beyond the descriptive accounts that often dominate methodological discussions. Instead we aim to demonstrate the value of applying theory that is normally only used to examine encounters observed during fieldwork, to include analysing the researcher’s access and interactions. Due to the child-centred nature of the communities and the shared common ground of parenthood, we propose that Stewart’s demonstration of motherhood had the effect of dismantling several of the barriers some researchers face when entering communities for the first time. Motherhood capital facilitated her privileged access to the field and changed her perceived status from an outside researcher to an equal-status mother. This was particularly important in an indigenous context where she was always going to be seen as ‘other’. Drawing on extensive journal entries, this article adopts a reflexive approach to explore the influences her infant had on her experiences in the field.
The objective of this chapter is to deliver an update of contemporary tourism in Cambodia, its development and management, with particular reference to initiatives toward sustainable and community-based tourism (CBT). The chapter opens with a narrative relating a historical account of tourism in Cambodia pre-2000. Attention is then focused on contemporary tourism, post-2000, specifically the economic performance of tourism, the governance and planning of tourism, cultural and sustainability initiatives, heritage and tourism, tourism resources, infrastructure and marketing strategies. The second part of the chapter turns its attention to the Royal Cambodian Government’s strategy to promote rural- and community-based tourism for the purposes of regional development and poverty alleviation. The chapter concludes by discussing the current precarious balance between rapid tourism development and sustainable positive benefits for Cambodia, the land and its people. This update serves as a valuable insight into the twenty-first-century complexities of tourism development and management in a Southeast Asian emerging economy.
Indigenous tourism is a global phenomenon, encompassing a range of complex, multi-layered issues. The foci of Indigenous tourism research are multifaceted, reflecting a plethora of stakeholders with differing perspectives and values about the direction, development and sustainability of the sector. The academic literature consistently highlights the need for a more comprehensive understanding of Indigenous tourism and, specifically, one that takes into account the interests and values of its stakeholders. This paper provides a global overview of Indigenous tourism development and its international and national institutional links, concomitantly identifying and examining the trajectory of scholarly interest in Indigenous tourism from 1980 to 2014. An analysis of 403 published journal articles is supplemented with the perspectives of Indigenous tourism researchers. The results reveal that sustainability issues underpin and shape a substantive proportion of published Indigenous tourism research to date. The challenge now is to gain a more comprehensive understanding of Indigenous tourism from the perspective of Indigenous stakeholders, approaching its complexity in an iterative, adaptive and flexible style, and with affected stakeholders involved in the research process, knowledge creation and its outcomes. This is both an ethical imperative and a pragmatic approach to ensure the outcomes of research facilitate the sustainability of Indigenous tourism.本土旅游研究，过去和现在：从现在往哪里去？本土旅游是一个全球现象，包括一系列的复杂的多层次的问题。本土旅游研究的重点是多方面的，反映了对该产业的方向，发展和可持续性有着不同的意见和价值的过多的利益相关者。学术文献不断地突出对本土旅游的特别全面地理解，和特别是考虑到利益相关者的兴趣和价值。该文章提供了一个本土旅游发展的全球观点和它的国际和国内的制度性的联系，同时审视和识别1980-2014年间的本土旅游学术兴趣的轨迹。403份发表的杂志文章的分析和本土旅游研究者的观点相补充。结论揭示了可持续性问题，巩固和塑造到现在为止发表的大量的本土旅游研究。现在的挑战是从本土利益相关者的角度中得到一个对本土旅游更全面的理解，在一个迭代的，适应性和灵活的风格下解释其复杂性，在研究过程中包含的被影响到的利益相关者，知识创造和它的结果。这是一个道德必要性和务实的做法，来保证研究的结果帮助本土旅游的可持续性。
In the era of mass tourism, phenomena such as sustainable tourism, responsible tourism, rural tourism, eco-tourism, pro-poor tourism and community-based tourism are now increasingly under the research microscope. If established and managed correctly, these alternative forms of tourism have the potential to contribute towards sustainable community development and provide visitors with unique experiences. Few scholars have qualitatively addressed the growth of community-based tourism in South-East Asia. This study investigated the value of a community-based tourism project at Banteay Chhmar in north-west Cambodia, specifically the discourse of the project's members and the broader community. The objective of the study was to provide an ethnographic account of the community member's attitudes, opinions and beliefs concerning the perceived value and contribution of the project towards community development in their locality. The study initially relied on a literature review to conceptualise community-based tourism. Unstructured in-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 30 stakeholders of the Banteay Chhmar Community-Based Tourism Project. A narrative identifies the development of the project and provides samples of the respondents’ discourses. Findings from a thematic analysis of stakeholder responses indicated support of tourism and the overall operation of the project. Opinions were divided concerning the future growth of tourism and likely negative impacts on resident livelihoods. While some felt the project was relatively insular and lacked transparency, most identified the project's value as enhanced social capital, pride and a better sense of community. The findings show the project has positively contributed towards community development; however, before it can be considered a best practice example of community-based tourism, its financial sustainability, business practices and community support need to improve. The overall study serves as a valuable insight into themes promoting the merits and complications of community-based tourism, specifically in South-East Asia.抽象在大众旅游时代, 诸如可持续旅游、负责任旅游、乡村旅游、生态旅游、扶贫旅游和社区旅游等现象正逐步暴漏在研究的“显微镜”下接受检视。这些可替代旅游形式如果如果规划并管理得当, 就有潜力对社区可持续发展做出贡献, 并且给游客提供独特的旅游体验。很少有学者从定性方面考察东南亚社区旅游的发展。本研究考察了柬埔寨西北部位于班迭奇马的一个社区旅游项目的价值, 特别是考察了该项目成员和广大社区对该项目的看法。本研究的目的是, 针对该项目的感知价值以及对当地社区发展的贡献, 对社区成员的态度、看法及信念进行了一个民族志的描述。本研究首先利用文献综述概括了社区旅游, 然后对该项目总计 30 个利益相关者进行了一些非结构性深度访谈。深度访谈的描述识别了该项目的发展并提供了受访者观点的样本。对利益相关者访谈文本的主题分析揭示了社区对旅游业的支持及该项目的总体运行情况。这些看法分为两部分༚旅游业的未来发展和旅游发展对居民生计活动的可能负面影响。尽管有些人认为该项目有失偏颇并且缺乏透明度, 但绝大部分人认识到了该项目的价值, 即提升了社区的社会资本、自豪感和更紧密的社区意识。该研究表明该项目积极地促进了社区的发展。但是, 该项目在成为社区旅游的最佳实践范例之前, 需要改善其财务的持续性、业务运行方式和社区支持度。本研究整体而言对发挥社区旅游 (特别是东南亚地区社区旅游) 的长处, 解决社区旅游的难题提供了有价值的看法。
Studies and researches on the role of a local community in tourism
development of rural areas emphasize the significance of inhabitants’
attitudes about the state and perspectives of this activity. In this context,
in the professional literature, the term CBT (community-based tourism) is
used, which implies the involvement of local communities and planning of
tourism development. The aim of the study is to determine the local
population’s influence on starting an initiative for a tourist arranging of
the village Zabrega in the Municipality of Paraćin, especially the sacral
objects in the Crnica River Gorge. The following methods were applied: method
of direct observation, analysis, synthesis, interview and survey in which the
questions were of a closed and open type. Results of the research survey were
analyzed in the software package for statistical processing and analysis of
the data SPSS 20.00. It has been stated that the population has a positive
attitude about the Society Petrus, which is the main organizer of the
activities when the prosperity of the village Zabrega is in question, and
that the local community is interested in engaging in the tourist activities,
as demonstrated by numerous practical examples. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke
Republike Srbije, br. 176017 i br. 176008]
Community tourism appears to be an alternative that mitigates the negative effects of mass tourism in less developed countries. In this kind of tourism, the attitudes and perceptions of residents play an important role in tourism planning and development. In this article, we analyze the perceptions and attitudes of residents in community tourism in the Island of Santo Antão (Cape Verde), an emerging tourist destination that is currently experiencing a considerable increase of tourists-which is altering the way of life of its communities. The fieldwork was carried out based on a survey of residents. The questionnaire was filled out by a random sample of respondents, with a total of 319 questionnaires obtained. The main results reveal that residents are in favor of tourism development, due to the positive benefits that it can bring, such as the recovery of traditional handicrafts, more investment in infrastructures, and higher quality hospitality and retail establishments. However, in order for tourism on the island to be sustainable and for the residents' perceived benefits to materialize, tourism initiatives need more participation by local residents, public administrators, universities, and nongovernmental organizations.
A manifestation of early destination development, Community-Based Tourism (CBT) enterprises have been emerging across Timor-Leste as a rural development strategy. In the context of this fledgling and oil revenue dependent nation, CBT enterprises will need to overcome various challenges if they are to fulfill their potential. The present paper explores stakeholder perceptions towards the prospective shape and structure of a nationwide CBT network using a multi-stage qualitative research approach. Respondents broadly agreed that a CBT network can support the development of tourism and help enterprises to confront the challenges of deficient knowledge, funding and marketing, prospectively improving rural livelihoods. The researchers consider neo-colonial, social economy and community development perspectives when applying the prospective CBT model in a resource dependent developing country setting. The success of a CBT network relies on an authoritative funding body and on communications between managers and stakeholders that maintains a balance of power.
Purpose
– This paper tries to explore the possibilities of developing sustainable, community-based tourism (CBT) in Boa Vista in Cape Verde, Africa. Island territories are generally considered preferential tourist destinations. However, the negative effects of tourism in these destinations should not be overlooked, among them environmental concerns and impacts on the culture of the island’s inhabitants. The development of CBT takes on special relevance, as it based on planning schemes in conjunction with the local community who share the positive effects derived from tourism.
Design/methodology/approach
– The methodology used consisted in designing two surveys: one focusing on the supply side and another on the demand side of tourism to define and analyse the current status of this sector in Boa Vista. The survey on tourism supply was distributed among a panel of experts formed by tourism service providers located in Boa Vista. The statistical results of the responses and the discussion carried out by the panel of experts permitted the development of a SWOT matrix. The survey on demand was administered to foreign tourists in different parts of the island. A total of 202 valid surveys were obtained.
Findings
– The main results of the fieldwork are twofold. On the supply side of tourism, the community is making an enormous effort to actively participate in the development of sustainable tourism, efforts which are often constrained by the geographical barriers of Boa Vista (sandy soil, poor accessibility to other islands) and the institutional and political situation of the island. As regards the demand side of tourism, the vast majority of tourists stay at the island’s all-inclusive resorts, whereas few tourists require the services provided by the community, mainly because they are unaware that such services exist.
Originality/value
– Certain island destinations are more appropriate for tourists wishing to flee mass tourism enclaves due to their natural environment, relative isolation and the traditional culture of their inhabitants. For this reason, it is important to develop a CBT model for these destinations in which initiatives are planned in conjunction with members of the local community who participate in decision-making processes and benefit equally from the positive effects of tourism. Although several case studies have been reported in the research on CBT initiatives, few studies have been carried out on CBT in island territories. This is the main contribution in this paper.
The Canadian Arctic represents an emerging market in the rapidly evolving polar cruise sector. Since 1984 when cruises began in this region, cruise ship activity has been sporadic, but in 2006 the number of cruises to Nunavut doubled from 11 to 22. This elevated level of growth has persisted with ice strengthened cruise vessels conducting between 23 and 26 separate cruises through Arctic Canada each year from 2007 to 2010. With a warming climate some suggest this trajectory of growth will continue as sea ice diminishes and passages open up. Despite this growth little is known about this burgeoning sector from the perspectives of local residents. Through two community case studies local attitudes toward cruise tourism are positioned in a resident attitude typology. In Cambridge Bay, where cruise tourism is just emerging, resident attitudes were found to gravitate toward the passive-favourable areas of the typology. By contrast, in Pond Inlet, which is one of the most visited cruise destinations in Nunavut, attitudes were more varied with some individuals expressing degrees of resistance. The article suggests that if local people are to become engaged participants in the development of cruise tourism in Nunavut, then it is critical that resident attitudes and aspirations are articulated, respected and acted upon.
The Churchill Community Network (CCNet) was a community based Internet business in Churchill, Manitoba. The company was established in 1997, at a time when Internet connectivity was just gaining momentum, particularly in rural, remote and northern areas. CCNet members successfully established broadband connectivity in Churchill prior to nationwide initiatives to address bandwidth needs (Cameron, et al. 2005). This case study contributes to an understanding of connectivity barriers, decision-making processes, government involvement, and economic opportunities for a northern community through connectivity infrastructure. It demonstrates the way in which one community achieved connectivity on its own, illustrates the reasoning behind it, and shows why it is important. The research also provides a basis for comparison to other communities as they address Internet connectivity.
Since 1999 blogs have become a significant feature of online culture. They have been heralded as the new guardians of democracy, a revolutionary form of bottom-up news production and a new way of constructing self and doing community in late-modern times. In this article I highlight the significance of the 'blogosphere' as a new addition to the qualitative researcher's toolkit and some of the practical, theoretical and methodological issues that arise from this. Some of the key ethical issues involved in blog data collection are also considered. The research context is a project on everyday understandings and experiences of morality.
Public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS) increasingly are utilized in geographic research, yet researchers rarely are provided with guidance on how to implement PPGIS in an appropriate and effective manner. This article reports on the process of research that explores responses to current and future local tourism development offered by a sample of residents using a modified PPGIS approach called 'community action geographic information system' (CAGIS). The conceptual development of CAGIS is reported and the challenges encountered during its implementation in Churchill, Manitoba during 2005-2007 are reviewed. It is suggested that researchers wishing to conduct similar research should undertake thorough preliminary fieldwork to assess the likelihood of finding agreement on a common problem; acquiring adequate resources; establishing collective responsibility for the project's outcome; attaining stakeholder support; developing trust and meaningful relationships; and incorporating indigenous knowledge appropriately. Feedback of results to community members also should be an integral part of the research process. A number of feedback mechanisms are reported, including an interactive weblog, which helped facilitate communication between heterogeneous groups in Churchill. Although ambitions for a truly participatory GIS approach to this project have been set aside, it is held that PPGIS can yield positive outcomes for communities and academia. Sharing this research experience will be useful to others who venture into PPGIS research, especially in northern communities. © / Canadian Association of Geographers / L'Association canadienne des géographes.
INTRODUCTION Ecotourism, under whatever definition, is an instigator of change. It is inevitable that the introduction of tourists to areas seldom visited by outsiders will place demands upon the environment associated with new actors, activities, and facilities. Ecotourism will forge new relationships between people and environment, and be-tween peoples with different lifestyles. It will create forces for both change and stability. These forces act at a diversity of scales from global to local. Change is desired by most of the players involved in ecotourism, many of whom would like to see what they regard as an improve-ment of the existing situation. Tourists want a change from their everyday existence and wish to acquire special experiences, which are only available in special places. Entrepreneurs wish to gain a livelihood and encourage tourists to visit before it is too late. They are often abetted by governments who strive to "develop" peripheral regions and to increase foreign exchange and tax revenues. Other commercial interests may see the opportunity to sell transportation, hiking boots, binoculars, diving equipment, experiences, and memories. Permanent residents living in or adjacent to potential ecotourism destinations may desire to improve life opportunities for themselves and their children and may see ecotourism as generating jobs, stimulating incomes, diversifying economies, and enhancing standards of living. Even the conservationists, who would like to see endangered ecosystems and species perpetuated, seek change in order to ensure their sustenance: changes in resource allocation and utilization, and changes in management regimes. Alhough most of the players involved in ecotourism desire change, there is usually considerable disagreement concerning ABSTRACT Ecotourism is an agent of change. Measurement of the impacts of tourism is fraught with similar challenges to those involved in assessing impacts in general and tourism in particular. Research on the impacts of tourism has not been cumulative because of the adoption of an inappropriate paradigm and inadequate attention to the contexts in which impacts occur. It is suggested that aggregated information is more useful than summary measures and the characteristics of useful indicators for measuring impacts and monitoring change are described.
Community-based research in public health focuses on social, structural, and physical environmental inequities through active involvement of community members, organizational representatives, and researchers in all aspects of the research process. Partners contribute their expertise to enhance understanding of a given phenomenon and to integrate the knowledge gained with action to benefit the community involved. This review provides a synthesis of key principles of community-based research, examines its place within the context of different scientific paradigms, discusses rationales for its use, and explores major challenges and facilitating factors and their implications for conducting effective community-based research aimed at improving the public's health.
Social networking web sites are popular among adolescents and may represent a new venue for conducting adolescent health research. Conducting research by using social networking web sites raises several concerns, including the social value of this research, fair subject selection, confidentiality, privacy, and informed consent. Addressing each of these concerns, we offer an ethical framework to promote informed and appropriate decisions.
This paper examines community based participatory research from the viewpoint of the author, a doctoral student seeking to understand the concepts and framework of successful participatory research as a complement to traditional discipline driven research. Challenges and progress of CBPR within academia are examined, including acceptance, funding, training, and development of equal partnerships between university researchers and communities. Case studies (Latowsky, 20038.
Latowsky , G. 2003. Report: community-based, participatory research in Lawrence, Massachusetts, flags environmental health hazards and fuels education and action. Science Communication, 25(2): 204–208. View all references; Ammerman et al., 20032.
Ammerman , A. ,
Corbie-Smith , G.
St George , D. M. M. 2003. Research expectations among African American church leaders in the PRAISE! project: a randomized trial guided by community-based participatory research. American Journal of Public Health, 93(10): 1720–1727. [CrossRef], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®]View all references; Stratford et al., 200324.
Stratford , D. ,
Chamblee , S.
Ellerbrock , T. V. 2003. Integration of a participatory research strategy into a rural health survey. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 18(7): 586–588. View all references) focus on CBPR in different environmental justice communities, revealing the need to foster trust and communication in order to execute culturally competent and relevant research projects.
This paper evaluates the process of devising a research design to investigate tourism and an Australian indigenous group, the Djabugay. It demonstrates the mutual benefits that can arise in a context of cultural difference when research is predicated on an ethic of responsibility to those who are being researched. In particular, it argues that sensitivity and responsiveness to contingency are vital ingredients in the research design in order to accommodate the concerns of the researched.
This book provides a comparative analysis of participatory research methodologies and outcomes. Unlike the traditional approaches to research in which researchers generate the ideas for projects, define the methods, and interpret the outcomes, the approaches of participatory research empower community populations to shape the research agenda. Their participation often results in generating greater sociopolitical awareness and effecting systemic change in the community. Although this type of research has been a powerful tool for intervention, comparative analyses of methods and outcomes are absent from the literature. In this volume, community psychologists and practitioners discuss recent theoretical advances and innovative methods in the field. Case studies illustrate how these participatory approaches have led to high quality collaborations, interventions, and prevention projects. Chapters examine the effects of participatory research on the community, research quality, collaborative challenges, and best practices. This text elucidates the challenges and successes of community psychology and may help set the course for future research in the field. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
The United States's National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) model presumes that the local government agencies of counties and municipalities will share their geographic information freely with government agencies of regions, states and federal agencies. This article takes up the issue of local government involvement in the NSDI by asking the question: why should local governments involve themselves in the NSDI? This question is informed by considering the social and technological imbrication of the NSDI .
One of the oldest spatial data infrastructure projects, the NSDI offers insights into the complexity of implementing infrastructure in federal models of shared governance. This article focuses on the political and financial dimensions of developing infrastructure among local governments. Trust is quintessential at this level of government. Local government agency activities experience an inherently closer coupling with political representatives and with different agencies in both intramunicipal and intermunicipal activities. Building the NSDI is fundamentally an interagency act and thus a matter of trust. Trust is a key issue in the development of the NSDI, as the results of a study of Kentucky local government agencies indicate .
Contenido: Parte I.Cuestiones conceptuales en la investigación cualitativa: Naturaleza de la investigación cualitativa; Temas estratégicos en la investigación cualitativa; Diversidad en la investigación cualitativa: orientaciones teóricas; Aplicaciones cualitativas particulares. Parte II. Diseños cualitativos y recolección de datos: Estudios de diseños cualitativos; Estrategias de trabajo de campo y métodos de observación; Entrevistas cualitativas. Parte III. Análisis, interpretación e informe: Análisis cualitativo e interpretación; Incrementar la calidad y la credibilidad del análisis cualitativo.
"The context and conduct of Arctic research are changing. In Nunavut, funding agencies, licensing bodies, and new regulatory agencies established under the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement require researchers to engage and consult with Inuit communities during all phases of research, to provide local training and other benefits, and to communicate project results effectively. Researchers are also increasingly expected to incorporate traditional knowledge into their work and to design studies that are relevant to local interests and needs. In this paper, we explore the challenges that researchers and communities experience in meeting these requirements by reviewing case studies of three natural science projects in Nunavut. Together, these projects exemplify both success and failure in negotiating research relationships. The case studies highlight three principal sources of researcher-community conflict: 1) debate surrounding acceptable impacts of research and the nature and extent of local benefits that research projects can and should provide; 2) uncertainty over who has the power and authority to dictate terms and conditions under which projects should be licensed; and 3) the appropriate research methodology and design to balance local expectations and research needs. The Nunavut research licensing process under the Scientists Act is an important opportunity for communities, scientists, and regulatory agencies to negotiate power relationships. However, the standards and procedures used to evaluate research impact remain unclear, as does the role of communities in the decision-making process for research licensing. The case studies also demonstrate the critical role of trust and rapport, forged through early and frequent communication, efforts to provide local training, and opportunities for community members to observe, participate in, and derive employment from project activities. Clarifying research policies in Nunavut is one step to improving relations between scientists and communities. In addition, steps need to be taken at both policy and project levels to train researchers, educate funding programs, mobilize institutions, and empower communities, thus strengthening the capacity of all stakeholders in northern research."
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Colorado, Boulder, 2004. Includes bibliographical references. Photocopy.
Manual para la investigación cualitativa en ciencias sociales, en el que se presentan -paso a paso- técnicas para recoger, enfocar y analizar datos cualitativos.
Scientific research occurs within a set of socio-political conditions, and in Canada research involving Indigenous communities has a historical association with colonialism. Consequently, Indigenous peoples have been justifiably sceptical and reluctant to become the subjects of academic research. Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) is an attempt to develop culturally relevant research models that address issues of injustice, inequality, and exploitation. The work reported here evaluates the use of Photovoice, a CBPR method that uses participant-employed photography and dialogue to create social change, which was employed in a research partnership with a First Nation in Western Canada. Content analysis of semi-structured interviews (n=45) evaluated participants' perspectives of the Photovoice process as part of a larger study on health and environment issues. The analysis revealed that Photovoice effectively balanced power, created a sense of ownership, fostered trust, built capacity, and responded to cultural preferences. The authors discuss the necessity of modifying Photovoice, by building in an iterative process, as being key to the methodological success of the project.
Dealing with ecological variability and change: Perspectives from the Denesoline and Gwich'in of Northern Canada
- Ab Edmonton
- Circumpolar Canadian
- Institute
- B L Parlee
Edmonton, AB: Canadian Circumpolar Institute. Parlee, B.L. (2006). Dealing with ecological variability and change: Perspectives from the Denesoline and Gwich'in of Northern Canada, Unpublished Doctor of Philosophy dissertation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg.
Doing ethnographic research in Jewish orthodox communities: The neglected role of sociability Doing ethnographic fieldwork: Fieldwork settings
- W B Shaffir
Shaffir, W.B. (1996). Doing ethnographic research in Jewish orthodox communities: The neglected role of sociability. In S. Grills (Ed.), Doing ethnographic fieldwork: Fieldwork settings (pp. 48–64). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Research in rural native communities
- W L Freeman
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