Brian E M King

Texas A&M University | TAMU · Department of Hospitalityand Tourism Sciences

Although seasonality is an old tourism phenomenon, the advent of global hyper mobilities and the changing features of the tourism industry requires a considerable revisit to the longstanding assumption of tourism. This study provokes further research on various seasonality aspects implicated in the discussion based on the broad range of the literat...

The rapid and uncontrolled tourism growth has impacted local livelihoods in many cities through commodification, gentrification, and expropriation. Though community-based tourism offers a prospective development alternative, the phenomenon has been underexplored in urban contexts which are more complex than their rural counterparts. The urban dwell...

How do hotel employees react when they become aware that customers harbor stereotypes towards them? Building on the theory of social identity threat, this research investigates the threat that negative meta-stereotypes (NMSs) pose to hotel employees. Two cross-sectional surveys and two experimental studies were conducted and an easy-to-apply scale...

The original third places concept conveyed the offering of much-needed settings for social comfort, thereby complementing the absence of equal opportunities at home (1st place) or in the workplace (2nd place) (Oldenburg & Brissett, 1982). 3rd place is a crucial term to connect customer’s social needs, perception of service encounters and service pr...

Purpose This study aims to progress scholarly understanding of the staycation phenomenon by examining customer segments and documenting local customers’ attribute preferences. Design/methodology/approach A stated choice experiment is used to examine customer preferences for staycation package attributes. Latent class discrete choice modeling is de...

Using secondary data on Hong Kong inbound tourism over an extended period prepandemic (1993 to 2017), this study examines the incidence and prevalence of volatility and stability, respectively across visitor profiles and behavioural characteristics. Distinct patterns are evident between short and long-haul markets when classified on the basis of di...

City authorities worldwide have sought to rejuvenate and diversify their tourism product offerings by dispersing visitors into less familiar and frequented locales. Despite calls to understand such 'new tourism areas' (NTAs) in urban areas, few researchers have examined visitor responses to the implementation of NTA strategies, particularly outside...

Drawing upon Gunn’s formative concept of organic destination image this study proposes an application and extension in a contemporary regional context. Noting that the formation of destination image now emanates from tourists as well as from tourism businesses, the researchers use a prominent Chinese social media platform – the Red – to evaluate to...

China's pre-pandemic national-level planning advocated a combination of culture and tourism to advance growth in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) mega-region. Culture is seen as increasing regional cohesion, with multi-destination travel products connecting subregions and cities. This paper examines perceptions of progress towards a coherent GBA cultural...

The acceleration of technological innovations is reshaping service industries, including the travel business. As competitive forces intensify, inbound tour operators face the challenge of adapting to both revolutionary technologies and business model innovations as they develop destination product offerings ushering a smarter tourism ecosystem. Thi...

In addressing one of the least-researched areas in tourism—the formation of product strategies—this study focuses on the homogeneous package tour phenomenon. It draws on Industrial Organization theory to explore the impact of relationships between industry subgroups on the development of such products. With a specific focus on Chinese package tours...

Travel has been identified as a significant contributor to psychological well-being. The recent COVID-19 global pandemic disrupted travel patterns and behaviours, thereby negatively affecting the psychological health and well-being of those involved. With accelerating technology use, multiple forms of virtual tourism have emerged as alternatives to...

Noting the growing literature on relational bibliometrics and prevailing methodological challenges in hospitality and tourism research – inadequate bibliometric-focused structure and methodological transparency – this study contributes to knowledge about applicable analytical procedures. The authors uncover methodological issues by content analyzin...

Purpose This study aims to examine international tourists’ local African food consumption experiences by using an attribute–benefit–value–intention (ABVI) framework. Design/methodology/approach A total of 336 respondents were collected in Ghana, Africa. A series of quantitative research methods were used in the data analysis to explicate the relat...

There is scant research on stakeholder perceptions about educational provision for intercultural communicative competences (ICCs), despite increasing recognition of the importance of ICCs in the provision of hospitality. An in-depth exploration of ICC education attributes has examined the perceptions of hospitality stakeholders comprising faculty,...

This study examines the role of companionship in shaping memorable tourism experiences, traveller well‐being and behavioural intentions by drawing upon a conceptual framework of well‐being. Based on data collected from 430 respondents in Australia who had recent travel experience, the results from structural equation modelling (SEM) confirmed that...

Using self-determination theory, the authors explore whether destination appeal enhances intrinsic motivations to study abroad. Primary data gathered from inbound and outbound educational travellers in Paris, France were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling. It was confirmed that the mediating effect of destination appeal enhances intrinsic...

Cultural festivals can attract cultural tourists, extend the tourist season and add vibrancy to the cultural scene. However, there is relatively little research on how festivals affect tourist experience of the destination or outcomes such as satisfaction or repeat visitation. This study used the Event Experience Scale to measure tourist experience...

Reflection is a form of deep thinking that is evident in everyday lives – private and professional – and this article offers insights for key parties about reflecting on research outcomes to ensure enhanced tourism impacts post-pandemic. Using a hermeneutic perspective on reflection, the authors reflect on research outcomes since the pandemic began...

Using self-determination theory, the authors explore whether destination appeal enhances intrinsic motivations to study abroad. Primary data gathered from inbound and outbound educational travellers in Paris, France were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling. It was confirmed that the mediating effect of destination appeal enhances intrinsic...

It has become increasingly commonplace to exhibit antiques and historical artefacts in cultural museums, prompted by the flourishing global art market. However, behind the phenomenon of blockbuster exhibitions in leading tourism cities throughout the world, lies the problem of looted cultural heritage. This study proposes a research framework combi...

Pre-pandemic, the international education marketplace was expanding rapidly along with cross-border educational mobilities. Researchers have explored the adaptions of international students to study destinations, notably within an acculturation framework. However, researchers have given less attention to adapting to life in the country of origin th...

This study investigates regional similarities and differences in the tourism research knowledge domain, based on two decades of publications. The authors analysed co-citations in the reference lists of full-length articles published in Annals of Tourism Research (1998–2017) in relation to four regions: North America, Europe, Asia, and the Pacific a...

Entrepreneurial leadership has been important in developing the global travel industry with implications for both organizations and people. This comparative biographical analysis of two travel industry leaders and their respective contexts in Italy and China documents and evaluates these dimensions and applicable leadership constructs. The subjects...

Purpose This study aims to explore how hotels adapt their business models as a strategic response to crisis situations. It sheds light on the processes and methods of business model adaptation during severe crisis situations, such as the COVID-19 outbreak. Design/methodology/approach A single-case study was conducted. Data were collected from the...

This study documents the intellectual structure and progress of hospitality leadership research over the past sixty years by presenting a perspective and conspectus. The authors use text mining analysis to explore topic highlights and how they have shifted over time. Leadership development has been the predominant feature followed by contemporary l...

Influencer marketing has become a powerful channel for brand promotion and market expansion in the hospitality industry. However, those responsible for implementing influencer marketing campaigns are susceptible to the “myth of viewability” and rely on the Cost Per View (CPV) evaluation metric, rather than the more appropriate Cost Per Action (CPA)...

Participating in associations can benefit professional development. Nevertheless, hospitality and tourism (H&T) researchers have focused on understanding conference attendance, neglecting the role and functions of the associations organizing such conferences. This study investigated membership and involvement in professional associations by H&T aca...

This study explores the negative disposition of many hospitality higher education faculty toward MOOCs, an increasingly prominent delivery mode in pedagogical discourse which potentially enriches student learning. Such enrichment is particularly welcome in the case of hospitality because of its diverse stakeholders and student learning needs. The r...

Although strategy implementation has profound implications for delivering efficient service, it has been largely neglected in the healthcare management literature. This study explores the barriers to effective implementation of strategic plans in healthcare organizations. To achieve this end, empirical data were collected from 185 hospital managers...

The authors investigate the psychophysiological correlates of loss aversion in hotel choice. Consumers are frequently found reluctant to shift their choice to a subsequent option from their first encountered hotel. The concept of loss aversion can explain this ordering effect. However, there is a knowledge gap about how exactly loss aversion leads...

Diaspora tourism offers potential benefits for emerging African destinations that are rarely associated from traditional mass tourism - preserving historic sites, creating a sense of place and increasing awareness of the dark history of slavery, particularly amongst upcoming generations. Noting the importance of managing diaspora tourism effectivel...

This paper proposes a model that conveys the diversity of tourist culinary perceptions—the hierarchical local food consumption value mapping. The researchers deploy hard laddering to analyze 1593 responses to a questionnaire survey and identified 11 salient attributes, nine consequences, and seven values. Eight cultural groupings were identified. T...

This study examines Africa-related tourism and hospitality literature over the past 35 years (1984 to 2019), taking account of themes, methodologies, geographies, and collaboration structures. The authors identified and analyzed 1,182 published articles from 27 journals using advanced bibliometric to provide a deeper analysis than has been provided...

This study explores how the preventive behaviors of restaurant customers towards COVID-19 are shaped by exposure and attention to media coverage, thereby connecting the issues of community anxieties and business resilience during crises. Ways in which media exposure and attention predict COVID-19 preventive behaviors were examined, as these relate...

This study proposes and verifies the slow city tourism evaluation index (SCTEI). SCTEI offers scholars and practitioners the capacity to assess the attractiveness and/or performance of slow cities in the context of sustainable tourism. The study participants consisted of a panel of slow city and sustainable development experts. These professionals...

This paper reviews existing concepts and frameworks to propose a business model innovation process (BMIP) applicable to tourism businesses. A comprehensive literature review and content analysis is conducted by selecting, studying and coding applicable articles. The authors have reviewed 41 business model innovation (BMI) related papers, of which 1...

Purpose Crisis planning and improvements to business resilience are increasingly significant aspects of hotel management. This study investigates the crisis preparation of hotel managers in Malaysia and how their perceptions affect crisis planning and preparation. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research method of semi-structured intervi...

The photographs that contemporary travellers disseminate quickly and effortlessly to a global online audience are a valuable resource for scholars and for practitioners seeking to shape destination image. They merit more in-depth understanding. However, viewers are detached from the process of producing photos for online dissemination, thereby limi...

As a contribution to a knowledge and understanding of tourism development, this book: (i) comprises reflective essays written by internationally-ranked scholars and tourism consultants with extensive experience, particularly in developing countries; (ii) considers extant themes, issues and challenges related to tourism and development; and (iii) of...

As a contribution to a knowledge and understanding of tourism development, this book: (i) comprises reflective essays written by internationally-ranked scholars and tourism consultants with extensive experience, particularly in developing countries; (ii) considers extant themes, issues and challenges related to tourism and development; and (iii) of...

This study explores the respective impacts of push and pull motivations on destination choices by Arab Emirati tourists, with emphasis on cultural aspects. The researchers evaluated the adequacy of Crompton’s socio-psychological and cultural model by examining why participants are drawn to destinations offering cultural contrasts to the norms preva...

Understanding how travelers evaluate their overall trip experience is important to travel research. Psychologists suggested that these retrospective evaluations are often made by temporally integrating multiple episodes following simple heuristics that draw on key episodes only, typically the peak and end episodes, rather than considering every epi...

In a globalized world, the connection between studying abroad and career development has been widely recognized. This study analyses how students contemplating overseas study evaluate prospective destinations and institutions. It fills a knowledge gap by finding that students are pulled by both institutions and destinations and are subject to an in...

This paper provides an overview and insight into the intellectual foundations and evolution of hospitality scholarship. The authors found that hospitality research has exhibited certain defining and evolving characteristics when an extended period – six decades – is considered. Quantitative methods have predominated with ongoing efforts to reach ag...

This paper develops a measurement scale for cultural experiences across different contexts, including attractions, events and tours, in Hong Kong. Four dimensions of experience (cognitive, conative, affective and novelty) are identified through structural equation modelling. The scale is applied to compare visitor- and context-related influences on...

This article provides a timely exploration of the relationship between hospitality employee service sabotage and customer deviant behaviors in Taiwan. The authors also examine the mediating role of relational quality and the moderating role of corporate reputation. The proposed research framework was tested using data from 226 customers of casual d...

This study used a mixed methods approach to investigate Muslim traveler experiences of inconvenience while visiting Korea, combining focus groups and semistructured interviews (a qualitative approach), and questionnaire-based surveying (a quantitative approach). The authors investigated the reliability and validity of a customized structural model...

The sponsoring of mega-events enables organizations to capitalize on the power of sport to stimulate passionate brand identifications among attendees. However, a critical issue that has not been addressed by scholars is whether the effects of sponsoring mega-events such as the Olympics by a foreign brand will resemble the equivalent sponsorship by...

There has been exponential growth in the power exercised by social media in hospitality and tourism. The power of social media platforms as stakeholders has been widely accepted by both academics and industry practitioners. However, to the best of the current authors’ knowledge, there has been no conceptualization of the power attributable to socia...

To achieve their business objectives, hospitality and tourism organizations need effective implementation as well as consistent strategy formulation. However, the implementation aspect of strategy has attracted relatively less scholarly interest than strategic planning despite its critical role in achieving performance outcomes. Consequently, it is...

Drawing upon examples from the tourism and hospitality curriculum in Hong Kong, this chapter presents examples of experiential learning and places them in the context of the experience economy. The examples include internships, service learning, conference co-ordination and classroom based subjects. The authors show contributions for adopting an ex...

Given the minimal attention that researchers have given to how various stakeholders contribute to festival experiencescapes in destination settings, this paper examines how an intangible cultural heritage (ICH) experiencescape is constructed, focusing on a local- and national-level listed heritage item in Macau. In-depth stakeholder interviews are...

This study identifies key elements of the so-called host-gaze by investigating how Hong Kong hotel employees view guests emanating from a key source market - India. Front office and housekeeping staff evaluated their interactions with guests, particularly in the case of those from India. The researchers identified four elements of the host “gaze”,...

In their capacity as performative cultural assets located in destinations, festivals offer visitors potentially convivial and memorable experiences. Though previous studies have examined the psychologies of festival attendees, few have considered the perspective of festival stakeholders towards the co-creation of cultural value. The present study e...

Using the “Computers are social actors” paradigm, this study brings the concept of power to human–computer interactions in tourism. Building on theories of social power and deliberate practice, the authors examine psychological effects of expert power of online travel review platforms (influencer) and its interaction effects with the power of users...

Ecotourism has been widely championed by academics and practitioners as a potential contributor of conservation and development. However, others have questioned whether sustainability goals can be achieved through this form of tourism. Of the various factors reported in the literature as hindering the success of ecotourism, the lack of effective st...

While the older population generally and the older workforce in particular has been growing in most countries, scholars have not explored how the work performance of this group is affected by stereotypical views towards them. This study aims to explore older service employee (OSE) perceptions of aging stereotypes that are attributed to them by thei...

This research proposes a measurement model to evaluate tourist stereotypes. Study 1 assesses the positive and negative tourist stereotypes that Hong Kong residents hold toward Chinese outbound tourists by connecting previous research on stereotypes from the Princeton Trilogy and from the stereotype content model. Six positive stereotypes were ident...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an extensive analysis of contributions to scholarly research on decision tools. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review was used to collect data from 47 articles published in peer-reviewed academic journals between 1980 and 2017. Co-citation analysis was adopted to analyse recent t...

Whilst numerous scholars have investigated topical issues in hospitality and tourism higher education, few have examined the macro trends over multiple successive decades. This paper addresses the gap in the context of a major international provider of hospitality and tourism higher education – Australia – by exploring key trends over a 40-year per...

This study explored the factors that determine the tourism attractiveness of a seniors-friendly destination drawing upon an expert panel. A list of 20 destination-specific attributes was generated through a literature review and was then classified, using the ‘4 As’ of tourism destination management practice: Attractions, Access, Amenities, and Anc...

NGOs have become involved in ecotourism because of its potential to balance economic development, environmental conservation, and socio-cultural revitalisation. However, some critics have associated ecotourism with neo-colonialism and with the perpetuation of economic and political hegemonies because the concept has been advanced from the West. The...

Understanding the wine tourism experience is indispensable to the development of a wine tourism destination. This study tested an integrated model to obtain a better understanding of the wine tourism experience. The proposed model included both perceived wine tourism facilitators and constraints to examine their effects on wine tourism experience a...

This review study examines evolving themes in the scholarly literature on religious tourism and identifies research gaps that provide a basis for future investigations. The researchers evaluate a total of 84 studies of religion-induced tourism using content and thematic analyses. The findings show a plurality of approaches, both disciplinary and in...

This paper documents the application of business approaches or models by six Asian universities and other hospitality education providers through their ownership and/or operation of training hotels. It contributes to knowledge by exploring how training hotels balance experiential student learning and teaching with business operations. The researche...

This study examines structures of authorship and author collaborative networks across the tourism scholarly domain. To this end, the informal social structure of tourism knowledge was analyzed using data from 12,896 articles published in 13 leading tourism journals. The results show that collaborations typically consist of dual authorships. It is a...

The contributions by China-based authors to the burgeoning Chinese language tourism literature have been accompanied by the growing and well documented appearance in English-language journals by Chinese authors from both within and outside the country. However, there has been adequate quantification and evaluation of Chinese contributions to intern...

Purpose This paper aims to explore gender disparities in the production of tourism knowledge with particular reference to academic journals. Design/methodology/approach Authorship and co-authorship analyses were conducted of data extracted from articles and research notes published between 1965 and 2016 in 25 hospitality and tourism journals. Fin...

This paper presents a framework that articulates the complete tourist experience with reference to a traditional local event in Macau—A‐Ma Festival. The Stimulus Organism Response (S‐O‐R) framework is deployed to depict the festival experience as a continuous and multistage process. The festivalscape concept provides an elaboration of the festival...

Researchers have made increasing use of the suffix '-scape' to express the multiple contexts and perspectives that characterize the tourism field. Examples include the terms soundscapes, destinationscapes, landscapes and technoscapes. The present paper explores the application of one such expression-experiencescape-as a potential medium for analyzi...

This paper provides insights into the attitudes and behaviors of Chinese Millennials towards dining out, based on a sample of 468 respondents in Hong Kong, China. Millennials are the generation that is most conscious of sustainability and personal health issues, and they are contributing to the growing demand for wellness-related products and servi...

Purpose This study draws on the service-dominant (S-D) logic paradigm to examine value co-creation and co-destruction. As these phenomena are driven by positive and negative “customer-to-customer” (C2C) interactions, this paper aims to examine their influence on tourist perceptions of service quality and how they shape affective responses toward t...

The relationship between leaders and followers plays a major role in shaping organizational cultures. There is an established literature within many disciplines showing evidence of how leaders seek to influence their followers. This article extends this legacy by presenting a detailed investigation of two hospitality leaders in order to provide ins...

This paper explores the growing breadth and depth of networks and collaborations in the expansion of tourism scholarship. By using bibliometric techniques and mining data from 25 top tourism (and hospitality) journals, the authors provide a visualization of how the field has developed. Focusing on the example of Australia, it shows a process of int...

Cinematic nostalgia can influence visitors in choosing destinations where particular films have been made or shot. Focusing on the case of Hong Kong this study investigated the incidence of nostalgia amongst Taiwanese filmgoers, and whether this generates feelings of familiarity that induce subsequent travel intentions. As an input to potentially w...

This paper provides an overview of the development of tourism policy and legislation in China. Based on this historical background and on interviews with 21 intermediaries in China, the paper presents a qualitative investigation of the impact of policymaking and legislation on long haul China outbound travel. The study seeks insights into the top-o...

This paper examines the brand experiences and travel patterns of arts festival tourists with a focus on genderbased differences. The researchers administrated a questionnaire based survey at the Kaohsiung Spring Arts Festival in Taiwan and analyzed the findings using two forms of factor analysis: exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor...

This study explores the organizational citizenship and workplace deviance behavior of hotel employees. In particular, it examines the influence of service climate, ethical values, and individual characteristics on such behaviors. The researchers administered a survey to upscale hotels across Taiwan. Of the total of 500 that were distributed, 308 us...

This study examines the hospitality leadership characteristics that are essential, as perceived by emerging hospitality leaders. Four focus group interviews were conducted in mainland China involving 29 middle level hotel managers. The respondents identified the backgrounds and leadership characteristics of a total of eight highly regarded hospital...

Purpose – Scholars have rarely applied an embodied perspective when studying hospitality experiences. They have given even less attention to methodological considerations. The present study introduces Zaltman’s Metaphor-elicitation Technique (ZMET) to explore various domains of the embodied experience. Design/methodology/approach – In demonstratin...

Previous researchers have undertaken detailed examinations of the factors impacting on aspirant perceptions of tourism and hospitality careers. This paper moves beyond personal and internal dimensions to explore business conditions in the cities where hospitality and tourism students are studying or where recent graduates are making their careers....

The existing literature has often represented Chinese tourists in broad and stereotypical ways, as a new generation of bumbling camera‐waving tourists showing minimal regard for the local environments that they encounter. However, as Chinese have become more experienced travellers, they have diversified and changed their behaviours. Among these var...

To provide an enhanced understanding of performing arts tourism in the Asian context, the present study investigates the motivations, intentions and performance preferences of a particular source market – Japan. Five primary motivations identified for this group when travelling to Korea to watch a theatre-based performance were: to relieve stress,...

The existing literature is limited on the asymmetric relationships between urban tourism attributes and overall satisfaction. To fill this research gap, this study uses the three-factor theory of customer satisfaction to examine the determinants of tourist satisfaction and dissatisfaction with five attributes (i.e., variety, food, and service; urba...

This article explores consumer tendencies to opt for luxury or economy hotels by identifying their most and least important selection attributes. The researchers investigate how sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics influence traveler assessments of hotel attributes. In explaining consumer hotel selection preferences, the researchers used...