Medical Research - Science topic

HIV-related stigma may influence ethical concerns in health disparity populations, particularly groups with histories of race, gender, and class oppression in medical research such as African American women. However, a dearth of research has examined how HIV-related stigma influences perceptions of the research process among African American women...

Introduction: Patient group engagement is increasingly used to inform the design, conduct, and dissemination of clinical trials and other medical research activities. However, the priorities of industry sponsors and patient groups differ, and there is currently no framework to help these groups identify mutually beneficial engagement activities....

Background National EQA programs are organized to improve the performance of testing sites to ensure benefits to patient care. In Sri Lanka at present, the Department of Bacteriology at the Medical Research Institute conducts the National EQA Scheme (NEQAS) in clinical microbiology. Our aim is to review the existing national program in clinical mi...

Introduction: Breathlessness is common in the general population and associated with poorer health. Prevalence, frequencies and overlap of underlying contributing conditions among individuals reporting breathlessness in the general population is unclear. The aim was to evaluate which conditions that were prevalent, overlapping and associated with...

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of studies listed in The National Library of Medicine registry (ClinicalTrials.gov) and preprints in medRxiv for COVID-19 has grown rapidly. In this study, we clarified the publication trends of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews (SRs) regarding COVID-19. Methods: We conduc...

Background Biomarkers of ageing based on DNA methylation (DNAm) have recently been developed. The first (Hannum and Horvath) and second generation (Levine and GrimAge) DNAm biomarkers predict survival, age-related disease and functional capabilities better than chronological age alone; with second generation biomarkers showing more consistent and s...

The gap between medical research on diagnostic testing and clinical workflow can lead to rejection of valuable medical research in a busy clinical environment due to increased workloads, or rejection of medical research in the lab that may be valuable in practice due to a misunderstanding of the system‐level benefits of the new test. This has impli...

Introduction L’objectif de cette étude était de décrire l’évolution et les facteurs prédictifs de symptômes persistants à 30 et 60 jours d’adultes ayant présenté une atteinte modérée de COVID-19. Matériels et méthodes Cette étude descriptive de suivi (à la phase initiale, à 30 jours [j30] et à 60 jours [j60]) a concerné 150 patients atteints d’une...

Evaluate association between fluid balance and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Retrospective review of infants <30 weeks gestation admitted to Kentucky Children’s Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Infants with acute kidney injury (AKI) had a 2.4-fold increased risk of IVH (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.46–3.87) and a 3.5-fold increased risk of severe I...

Metallomics is a rapidly evolving field of bio-metal research that integrates techniques and perspectives from other “-omics” sciences (e.g. genomics, proteomics) and from research vocations further afield. Perhaps the most esoteric of this latter category has been the recent coupling of biomedicine with element and isotope geochemistry, commonly r...

Macrophages are a functionally heterogeneous group of immune cells abundant in atherosclerotic plaques. Macrophages expressing CD163 are associated with intraplaque hemorrhage and have previously been considered atheroprotective. However, in a recent study CD163-deficient atherosclerotic ApoE−/− mice exhibited smaller and less complex plaques, sugg...

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate medication adherence and the associated influencing factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who were treated in a primary general hospital in Shanghai China during the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: From March to April 2020, all of the...

This study is to explore why modern medicine fails to find cures for chronic diseases. By conducting a review of NIH funding policies, I found that NIH is primarily responsible for creating the narrow modern medicine that is unable to cure chronic diseases. By influencing research programs for decades, NIH has promoted peer review system, the gener...

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

How to accurately observe whether children are developing normally has always been one of the focuses of medical research. Based on the convolutional neural network, this paper proposed a bone age prediction method. Firstly, the hand bone data set was constructed. Secondly, the prior frame required by the neural network was obtained by K-means clus...

Background: The classification criteria of osteoarthritis (OA) is lack of the support of relevant research evidence and there is no standardized protocol for detailed steps of the development or clinical verification of classification criteria has yet been established. This study aims to describe the development process of the Categorization of Os...

A quarterly journal on health education issued by the Iraqi Association of Medical Research and Studies IAMRS now distributed in 18 Iraqi governorates, and soon it will be in the Arab countries Articles are received for the purpose of publishing through the following email: salamatak@iamrs.edu.iq For download this issue please use this link: http...

Background Due to the digital transformation in late modern society, digital (or e-) health literacy (DHL) is becoming increasingly relevant for people to take health related decisions. Yet despite its importance for evidence-based policy, very few tools have been developed to measure DHL, and even fewer studies have measured DHL in general populat...

Wu Qin Xi consists of a series of qigong exercises that have been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat a wide variety of physical ailments. This bibliography lists medical studies that have been published on the use of wu qin xi to treat illness. The present bibliography is part of a series on the economics of qigong. O...

Purpose: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment Tool (CPAx) into a Chinese version of CPAx (“CPAx-Chi”), test the reliability and validity of CPAx-Chi, and verify the cutoff point for the diagnosis of intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) Material and methods: Translation and cross-cultur...

Few studies have investigated the measurement of oxygen uptake (V˙O2) in tracheostomized patients undergoing unassisted breathing trials (UBTs) for liberation from mechanical ventilation (MV). Using an open-circuit, breath-to-breath method, we continuously measured V˙O2 and relevant parameters during 120-min UBTs via a T-tube in 49 tracheostomized...

Background. The organization of clinical trials (CTs) requires the participation and coordination of healthcare providers, patients, public and private parties. Obstacles to the participation of any of these groups pose a risk of lowering the potential for the implementation of CTs. Researchers are a key human resource in conducting of CT. Their mo...

The COVID-19 virus is rapidly crossing borders and spreading across countries and the globe, with 212 countries currently affected as of May 2020, 6 months since reports of the first case in November 2019 in Wuhan, China. Global efforts to lessen the impact of COVID-19 pandemic span across surveillance, preparedness, response, prevention, testing,...

Aim: Due to the importance of the individualschr('39') health literacy level in promoting community health, this research evaluates the studies conducted on health literacy in Iran and provides content analysis in this area. Information sources or data: Iran Medical Articles Bank was launched in 2015 according to the needs of the Iranian Medical Re...

Bibliometric analysis, a powerful tool for assessing trends in research output, was employed to analyze the evolution of hypertension research over a 20-year period. The analysis was based on 90 308 original articles and a citation analysis. The use of bibliometric as a potential tool for shaping research policy at the institution or country level...

The specificity and potency of venom components gives them a unique advantage in development of various pharmaceutical drugs. Though venom is a cocktail of proteins rarely is the synergy and association between various venom components studied. Understanding the relationship between various components is critical in medical research. Using meta-ana...

Rheumatoid arthritis is basically an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of joints and other areas of the body. It is known to affect people of all ages but the main cause of rheumatoid arthritis is still not known precisely among individuals. In RA the joints are damaged to a huge extent that ultimately leads to its destruction and...

Introducción: El desarrollo científico es considerado un componente de la educación médica debido a la implicancia de la investigación en la formación profesional, no existe verdadera educación superior sin investigación activa. Objetivo: Analizar la percepción de los estudiantes de medicina de Latinoamérica sobre la capacitación universitaria en...

Machine learning is a classification of artificial intelligence that apply collection of analytical and development approach which enable computer to determine the former pattern. It means that it's severely source desire in to the medical applications, such those based on large or multiplex data values. Machine learning is also concerned many time...

Objective: to analyze short-term and long-term outcomes of expanded surgeries in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer and to identify factors affecting their overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Materials and methods. This retrospective study included patients with recurrent ovarian cancer stage I–IV less than 80 years of ag...

Genes with identical DNA sequences may show differential expression because of epigenetic marks. These marks in pathogens are key to their virulence and are being evaluated as targets for medical treatment. Where epigenetic marks were created in response to past conditions (epigenetically inherited), they represent a form of memory, the impact of w...

Objective: to analyze the outcomes of sphincter-sparing surgeries in patients with advanced distal rectal cancer depending on the therapy they receive. Materials and methods. This study included 289 patients with advanced (stage T3N0–2M0) distal rectal cancer who have undergone sphincter-sparing surgeries. Patients were divided into three groups ac...

Objective: to evaluate feasibility and short-term results of the liver-first approach in our center. Materials and methods. Retrospective study of prospectively gathered group of patients who were treated in N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology between 2017 and 2019. Patients with asymptomatic primary tumor located in rectum a...

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that causes a variety of infectious diseases, including urinary tract infections, bacteremia, pneumonia, and liver abscesses. With the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKP) strains, the rapid spread of these clinical strains in geograp...

The Indian Council of Medical Research, under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, has recommended chemoprophylaxis with HCQs for asymptomatic healthcare workers treating patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. All healthcare workers in a mid-zonal level hospital were subjected to HCQs prophylaxis and completed 8 weeks of prophylaxis....

Introduction: The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has given clinical criteria for suspecting COVID-19 in the Indian population and admissions to hospitals have been based on the above criteria. Aim - To study the clinical profile and outcomes of children suspected to have COVID-19 infection (based on ICMR criteria) admitted to a designate...

The Japanese diagnostic guidelines for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) were proposed in 2014. This study aimed to determine the trends and characteristics of AIH based on a Japanese nationwide survey. Data for 796 patients who were newly diagnosed with AIH from 2014 to 2017 were collected from January to March, 2019 from 54 hospitals throughout Japan. C...

Cox proportional hazards (PH) model for examining the covariate effects on the hazard function. In this research, we present the basic concepts, nonparametric methods (the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test), semi-parametric methods (the Cox PH model, and Cox model with time-dependent covariates) and parametric methods (Parametric PH model)...

The editor-in-chief of Journal of Health Sciences and Medical Research (JHSMR) would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal during the period from October 1, 2019, through August 19, 2020.

Background: In December 2019, pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China. The number of cases has increased rapidly. Patients with severe disease have a poor prognosis, and there are no effective therapies for COVID-19. Only rapid advice guidelines for symptomatic supportive care have been used. A tradi...

An essential aspect of medical research is the prediction for a health outcome and the scientific identification of important factors. As a result, numerous methods were developed for model selections in recent years. In the era of big data, machine learning has been broadly adopted for data analysis. In particular, the Support Vector Machine (SVM)...

Fatty acid–binding proteins (FABPs) are lipid chaperones assisting in the trafficking of long-chain fatty acids with functions in various cell compartments, including oxidation, signaling, gene-transcription regulation, and storage. The various known FABP isoforms display distinctive tissue distribution, but some are active in more than one tissue....

Background: Globally, inguinal hernia is the most common type of hernia, comprising of approximately 75% of all abdominal wall hernias.Aim of the study was to compare the heavyweight composite polypropylene mesh versus the prolene soft mesh for the reduction of post-operative pain in patients undergoing lichensteins mesh repair for inguinal hernia....

As medical research becomes ever finer-grained, experiments require healthcare data in quantities that single countries cannot provide. Cross-jurisdictional data collection remains, however, extremely challenging due to the diverging legal, professional, linguistic, normative, and technological contexts of the participating countries. Medical data...

BACKGROUND The rapid diffusion of wearable electronic health monitoring devices (‘wearable devices’ or ‘wearables’) among lay populations shows that self-tracking and self-monitoring are pervasively expanding, while influencing health-related practices. General practitioners (GPs) are confronted with this phenomenon, since they often are the expert...

Background Effects of early rehabilitation therapy in severe and critical COVID-19 patients remains to be elucidated. Methods We recruited 80 severely and critically ill COVID-19 patients in Chongqing from January 21 to March 15, 2020, who had received rehabilitation therapies or standard treatments within 72 h of intensive care unit (ICU) admissio...

Full text available at https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnna.20200602.12 Medical computer-aided diagnosis systems are essential applications that help doctors speed up, standardize, and improve disease prediction quality. Nevertheless, it is hard to implement a high-accuracy diagnosis system due to complex medical data structures that are hard to inter...

Background and Aims: The study was undertaken to assess the empirical antibiotic prescription in uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) cases and compare them with the Indian council of medical research (ICMR) 2017 guidelines on antimicrobial use. The objective of this study was to study the compliance of prescriptions for uncomplicated UTI wi...

Background: This paper reports the construction and use of a specific method for qualitative medical research: The Inductive Process to Analyze the Structure of lived Experience (IPSE), an inductive and phenomenological approach designed to gain the closest access possible to the patients' experience and to produce concrete recommendations for imp...

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially announced the pandemic status of COVID-19, which by that time had affected more than 118.000 people in more than 114 countries worldwide. The 100-year pandemic cycle has returned. The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), as we know it, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndr...

Prostheses are used to at least partly restore the body after limb amputation. Making the user accepting the prosthetic device as part of his or her body, i.e., inducing prosthesis embodiment, has been identified as major aim of prosthetic treatment. However, up to now, there is no consensus about the psychometric nature of prosthesis embodiment in...

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a rapid growth in research focused on developing vaccines and therapies. In this context, the need for speed is taken for granted, and the scientific process has adapted to accommodate this. On the surface, attempts to speed up the research enterprise appear to be a good thing. It is, however, im...

This article explores how marginalized groups navigated the everyday politics of citizenship in Britain during the Second World War through a case-study of the Sorby Research Institute in Sheffield, a site in which pacifists and conscientious objectors participated in medical experiments as an alternative to military service. Examining the experien...

Introduction There has been a recent trend in medical research towards a more collaborative relationship between statisticians and clinical investigators. This has led to an increased focus on the most efficient and effective ways to structure, conduct, and measure the impact of organizations that provide statistical services to clinical investigat...

Clinical differentiation between cystic lesions of endodontic and non-endodontic origin is of importance because correct diagnosis may affect treatment decision making. Most radicular cysts are treated with conservative approaches and, therefore, are not surgically removed. The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of clinical diagn...

This protocol was already used successfully to detect anti-HIV antibody in the serum of women with cervical dysplasia or cervical cancer in Jamaica, West Indies [1]. Reference 1. Justiz Vaillant A, Bazuaye PE, McFarlane-Anderson N, Smikle MF et al. Seroprevalence of Anti-HIV Antibodies in Women with Abnormal Pap Smears in Jamaica. British Journal o...

Vaginal cleansing products such as douches, sprays, wipes, powders, washes, and deodorants are part of a growing $2 billion industry in North America. Part of the appeal of these products is supposedly attaining vaginal cleanliness, which is marketed in association with product use. Although these products are promoted as healthy, medical research...

Despite the importance of sleep and the evidence on its relationship with various chronic diseases, quality of sleep is not considered in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). This prospective comparative study aimed to investigate the changes in sleep disturbance after treatment in patients with LSS. Patients with LSS and sleep disturbance (...

Introduction: World Health Organization (WHO) defines mental health as an identification of individual potential state of well-being, coping with life’s normal stresses, working productively and fruitfully, and able to make community contribution. This study aimed to identify gaps in mental health research globally and in Malaysia, serving to guide...

Undergraduate medical research has the potential to make valuable and unique contributions to the field of medicine. However, in today's times, undergraduate (UG) research forms a negligible part of the overall research output of any medical college. There are several reasons for this low participation-unavailability of guidance, lack of awareness...

Background:With the increase in the amounts and types of medical information resources and the interdisciplinarity of the related works,it has become increasingly challenging for researchers and information personnel to grasp the theme development.Considering the prominent position of cancer field among all the subject areas in scientific research,...

When COVID-19 broke out in Wuhan in 2019, the world looked at it as a ‘Chinese’ disease and no international efforts were made to assist China. Countries that supported China just offered solidarity messages. China adopted a raft of measures that included prescribing a lockdown on Wuhan and construction of infrastructure such as hospitals. In 2020,...

The aim: To identify the spheres in which it is forbidden to patent the results of medical researches and as a consequence there is no legal protection of biotechnological inventions. Materials and methods: The research material is a modern European regulatory framework that establishes the basic principles for patentability of biotechnological inv...

The present study investigated the association between oocyte zona pellucida shear modulus (ZPSM) and implantation rate (IR). Ninety-three oocytes collected from 38 in-vitro fertilization patients who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection were included in this case–control study. The ZP was modeled as an isotropic compressible hyperelastic mat...

The SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes the COVID-19 disease has wreaked havoc on the world community in terms of every imaginable parameter. The research output on COVID-19 has been nothing short of phenomenal, especially in the medical and biomedical sciences, where the search for a potential vaccine is being conducted in earnest. Much of the advanced r...

To predict how the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, we developed a systematic method for predicting disease outcomes. In the method, we evaluate how personal disease outcomes are mainly affected by viral concentration and exposure time and four defense mechanisms: human innate immunity/host response, acquired immune response, inflammation resolution a...

Objectives To evaluate the feasibility of: (1) ReWork-SCI with regard to adherence and acceptability and (2) a study design for evaluating ReWork-SCI with regard to recruitment, retention and outcome measures. Design Pre-test and post-test, single group, feasibility study. Setting Spinal cord injury (SCI) unit at a regional rehabilitation centre...

Obesity is accompanied by dysfunction of many organs, but effects on the skin have received little attention. We studied differences in epithelial thickness by histology and gene expression by Affymetrix gene arrays and PCR in the skin of 10 obese (BMI 35–50) and 10 normal weight (BMI 18.5–26.9) postmenopausal women paired by age and ethnicity. Epi...

Olga Dzhioeva,1 Evgeny Belyavskiy2 1Department of Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Obesity, National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia; 2Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, GermanyCorrespondence: Evgeny Belya...

Abstract Dry eye disease (DED) is common in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients. The application of conjunctival goblet cell count as a clinical biomarker to diagnose and respond to treatment can take place in rheumatoid arthritis patients under TNF-inhibitors (TNFi) therapy. This study aimed to investigate the ocular surface parameters and the long...

Relevance. An increase in the number of revisions is an inevitable consequence of the growth of primary arthroplasty number. The imperfection of implants and the lag in patient’s seeking medical help significantly increase the number of complex revisions. Extensive bone defects after removal of an unstable implant urge us to think about the better...

Very few population-based studies have examined the epidemiology of Wilson’s disease (WD). We investigated the epidemiology of WD using the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database in South Korea. We analyzed not only the statistical variables of WD, but also those of WD-related diseases. WD patients were identified with the relevant Inter...

Intro of the chapter for the redears

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) during pregnancy has been linked to adverse fetal outcomes. Since the intrauterine milieu plays a critical role in childhood growth, we explored the interactions between maternal SDB and offspring growth and adiposity patterns during infancy. Fifty-eight healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies underwent an obje...

Bedaquiline (BDQ, Sirturo) has been approved to treat multidrug resistant forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Prior studies suggested that BDQ was a selective inhibitor of the ATP synthase from M. tuberculosis. However, Sirturo treatment leads to an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias and death, raising the concern that this adverse effect resul...

Medical research confirms that eye movement abnormalities are related to a variety of psychological activities, mental disorders and physical diseases. However, as the specific manifestations of various diseases in terms of eye movement disorders remain unclear, the accurate diagnosis of diseases according to eye movement is difficult. In this pape...

Accurate characterization of the vaginal microbiome remains a fundamental goal of the Human Microbiome project (HMP). For over a decade, this goal has been made possible deploying high-throughput next generation sequencing technologies (NGS), which indeed has revolutionized medical research and enabled large-scale genomic studies. The 16S rRNA mark...

The aim of the investigation. To study concordance of surrogate molecular subtype in the pairs of primary and synchronous axillary metastases in patients with invasive breast cancer (IBC). Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis included 80 patients aged 28 to 90 years (average age 40.35.3 years) with a first-time diagnosed IBC who underwent...

Background and Aims This prospective, multicenter, single‐arm, open‐label phase 3 study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IqYmune® in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). Methods Patients received one induction dose of 2 g/kg and then 7 maintenance doses of 1 g/kg at 3‐week intervals. The prima...

Most patients with an acute bacterial infection have immune defense mechanisms to respond to the pathogen and destroy both resistant and non-resistant bacterial cells, facilitating the elimination of the pathogen. However, a growing population of patients–those with an immune deficiency—may lack some, or many aspects of those defense mechanisms, an...

Everyone, but especially those who work in healthcare or who influences it, needs to be made aware of the consequences of a number of new trends that have to do with sexology as well as the results of recent medical research that is in some way related to sexology. Therefore, this book is mainly about new important knowledge that has been generated...

This study investigated the effect of image quality fluctuations on the repeatability of thickness measurements of the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre (PP-RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform (GC-IPL) layers using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Three consecutive OCT scans each were performed on 56 healthy subject. Finally,...

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, different neurological manifestations have been published. However, few cases of Guillain-Barre Syndrome and COVID-19 have been reported. We describe a concomitant Guillain-Barre Syndrome and COVID-19 patient. Case presentation: a 39 years old woman was admitted in a teaching hospital in Barranquilla, Colom...

Our comment on ICMR study on HCQ prophylaxis in COVID-19 and their response published in Indian Journal of Medical Research.

This is a sample agreement of collaboration that I sign whenever I plan to conduct a research project with my colleagues based in Pakistan. It allows open and direct communication between all members and also makes it clear to all team members about their expected role in the research. In addition, it clearly spells out the criteria for authorship...

Consistent headway in machine learning technology is gradually substantiating its significance in many areas of medical research. Pneumonia is a disease caused due to acute respiratory infection affecting one or both lungs. Diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia at early stage can increase the survivability of suffering patients. Computer Aided Diagn...

This protocol was already used successfully to detect anti-HIV antibody in the serum of women with cervical dysplasia or cervical cancer in Jamaica, West Indies [1]. Reference 1. Justiz Vaillant A, Bazuaye PE, McFarlane-Anderson N, Smikle MF et al. Seroprevalence of Anti-HIV Antibodies in Women with Abnormal Pap Smears in Jamaica. British Journal o...

Background/Objective:It is still an extraordiarily exigent thing to early recognize the severity, therapeutic method and prognisis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Our research’s goal is to investigate the clinical predictive factors indicating severity of GBS and the requirement for mechanical ventilation(MV) in severe patients with GBS, and to e...