Sri Agus Sudjarwo

Airlangga University | UNAIR · Department of Pharmacology

Background and Aim There are numerous reports of subclinical mastitis cases in Blitar, which is consistent with the region’s high milk production and dairy cattle population. Staphylococcus aureus, which is often the cause of mastitis cases, is widely known because of its multidrug-resistant properties and resistance to β-lactam antibiotic class, e...

Background: Mastitis is one of the factors contributing to the health-related decreased milk production and quality for dairy cows. Mastitis in ruminants is a serious bacterial disease caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcal bacteria are becoming increasingly resistant to many classes of antibiotics, particularly β-lactam families like the...

Anxiety disorder is one of the important public health problems. This study aimed to find out whether patchouli (Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.) essential oil (PEO) has an anxiolytic-like effect in mice. A total of 20 mice were divided into five treatment groups i.e. (C1) was treated with 1 mg/kg of saline intraperitoneally; (C2) was treated wit...

Burns not only damage skin locally but generally affect the body system and have been related as the secondary cause of death. Burns can be effectively treated with a topical drug to prevent chronic inflammation. Burn wound healing is really important for ensuring overall health and well-being. This study aimed to determine the effect of Sauropus a...

Burns is now considered one of the most destructive forms of trauma affecting humans and animals. This study aimed to determine the effect of Madeira vine leaf extract combined with 2% Turmeric rhizome extract (MVLTR) gel administered topically on second-degree burn wound in albino rats based on the number of fibroblasts. A total of 25 male rats we...

This study aims to determine the effect of the administration of white guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit juice on spermatozoa plasma membrane integrity (PMI), morphological abnormality, viability, and motility of lead acetate induced rats (Rattus norvegicus). Twenty-five male rats were divided into five groups: NC (negative control) group, rats were...

This study aims to identify the differences in reproduction performance of Ongole cross (PO), Limousine cross (Limpo), and Simmental cross (Simpo) in Kerek district, Tuban regency. Primary data was taken by interviewing inseminators and farmers, while secondary data was taken from the Fisheries and Animal Husbandry Department of Tuban regency. The...

Context: Vaccination as prevention to hold back the spread of COVID-19 is important since it is the most concerning health issue in the last decade. Inactivated vaccine platforms considered safer, especially for elderly and comorbid patients. Comorbidities especially Tuberculosis and Hepatitis B, has a major impact to COVID-19 infections and vaccin...

Kanker masih menjadi salah satu penyebab kematian di dunia. Salah satu alternatif metode untuk mengobati kanker adalah dengan obat herbal yang mempunyai khasiat sebagai antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk manganalisis efek sitotoksik esktrak Capsium annuum pada sel WiDr. Kemampuan sitotoksik ekstrak Capsium annuum diuji secara in vitro pada...

Curcumin as an antioxidant plays an important role in reducing lead toxicity. This research aimed to demonstrate the potential of curcumin in maintaining epithelial thickness and diameter of seminiferous tubules of mice treated with lead acetate. Thirty BALB/c mice (Mus musculus) were divided into 5 groups. Group N was the negative control group wi...

Hyperglycemia causes cardiac cell damage through increasing ROS production during diabetic complications. The current study proves the antioxidant activity of Swietenia macrophylla (S. macrophylla) extract nanoparticles as a protector against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cardiac cell damage. In this research, high-energy ball milling is used to cre...

Vaccination is deemed the best approach against the COVID-19 pandemic. In regard of safety and protectivity, the whole inactivated vaccine platform is advantageous and widely used. Whole inactivated vaccine provides broader protection against various antigenic components of SARS-CoV-2. This study aims to analyze the immune response of cynomolgus ma...

The aims of this community dedication: 1) Improve the economy of the villagers of Watubonang and Biting, Badegan Ponorogo district through changing mindsets to improve people’s welfare 2) Increasing the knowledge and skills of the villagers of Watubonang and Biting, Badegan Ponorogo district through technology transfer for making pecticide formulat...

Introduction: This study aims to determine the teratogenic effects of electric mosquito repellents on mouse (Mus musculus) fetuses. The electric mosquito repellent used contains the active ingredient dimefluthrin 0.566% (4.2 mg/matt) which was inhaled into pregnant mice during the organogenesis period of 6-15 days of gestation. Material and Methods...

Hyperglycemia caused cardiac cell damage by increasing ROS production in diabetic complications. The current study will prove the antioxidant activity of Swietenia macrophylla (S. macrophylla) extract nanoparticles as a protector against Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cardiac cell damage. In this research, high-energy ball milling is used to make S....

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a strain of pathogenic bacteria that is a major problem in the world’s health. Due to their frequent interaction with humans, pets are one of the main risk factors for the spread of MRSA. The possibility for zoonotic transmission exists since frequently kept dogs and cats are prone to contract M...

Khairullah AR, Kurniawan SC, Sudjarwo SA, Effendi MH, Afnani DA, Silaen OSM, Putra GDS, Riwu KHP, Widodo A, Ramandinianto SC. 2023. Detection of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci in cow milk and hands of farmers in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 658-664. Cow milk is a nutrient-dense food contain...

Antioxidants have an important role in protecting against diabetes complications such as vascular endothelial cell damage. Fucoidan has strong antioxidant properties, therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the protective mechanism of fucoidan nanoparticles through the pathway of antioxidant activity against streptozotocin-induced diabet...

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a S. aureus strain resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and is often associated with livestock, known as livestock-associated (LA)-MRSA. Using molecular typing with multi-locus sequence typing, MRSA clones have been classified in pigs, including clonal complex 398. Livestock-associated-methicillin-...

BACKGROUND: Streptomyces sp. from Indonesian soil have not been explored and isolated to find new strains as a source of antibiotics for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) disease. AIM: In this study, the effect of Streptomyces spp. from Lapindo mud in Sidoarjo, Indonesia be observed, to find out whether Streptomyces spp. has anti-TB activity. METH...

Background: Hyperglycemia increases Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which contributes to diabetic complications such as kidney cell damage. Antioxidant administration could inhibit ROS and kidney cell damage commonly seen in hyperglycemia. Aim: We want to demonstrate that the antioxidant properties of Swietenia macrophylla ethanol extract nanopartic...

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an opportunistic bacterium that can cause infection in animals and humans. Recently, MRSA from food-producing or farm animals has been identified as livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA). The spread of LA-MRSA is particularly found in pork and pork products because LA-MRSA has been widely known to...

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found in dairy cows and is a source of contamination in milk. S. aureus that are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics (especially cefoxitin) are referred to as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The spread of MRSA cannot be separated from sanitation management during milking; it can ori...

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found in dairy cows and is a source of contamination in milk. S. aureus that are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics (especially cefoxitin) are referred to as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The spread of MRSA cannot be separated from sanitation management during milking; it can ori...

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) was first discovered in horses in 1989. Since then, LA-MRSA has begun to be considered an important strain of pathogenic bacteria in horses, which can cause LA-MRSA infection and colonization in humans with public health impacts. The anterior nares are the primary site of LA...

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found in dairy cows and is a source of contamination in milk. S. aureus that are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics are referred to as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The spread of MRSA cannot be separated from sanitation management during milking; it can originate from milk collec...

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found in dairy cows and is a source of contamination in milk. S. aureus that are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics are referred to as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The spread of MRSA cannot be separated from sanitation management during milking; it can originate from milk collec...

Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccus that causes mastitis and is one of the most widespread pathogenic bacteria in dairy farming. These bacteria can quickly develop into antibiotic-resistant strains due to inappropriate antibiotic administration. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that have Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) pro...

Khairullah AR, Sudjarwo SA, Effendi MH, Ramandininto SC, Gelolodo MA, Widodo A, Riwu KHP, Kurniawati DA, Rehman S. 2022. Profile of Multidrug Resistance and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on dairy cows and risk factors from farmer. Biodiversitas 23: 2853-2858. Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccus...

Oxidative stress and inflammation have been shown to interact and have the role of importance in causing diabetic nephropathy complications. Fucoidan has a strong antioxidant and anti-inflammation effect, so the aim of this research was to evaluate the antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effect of fucoidan nanoparticles against nephropathy o...

The antioxidant can inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis, which has a role in an important mechanism on diabetic-induced cardiac cell damage. The research goal was to prove the antioxidative stress and antiapoptosis effect of chitosan nanoparticles as a cardioprotector in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) an...

This study aims to prove the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on the histopathological features of seminiferous tubules of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to methylmercury. A total of 20 male mice were divided into five groups (C-, C+, T1, T2, T3) and treated for 21 days. C- given 0.01 ml of aquadest, C+ was given 0.4 mg/kg of methyl mercury, T1...

Globally, the leading cause of death from cancer in women is infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). This calls for imperative actions to explore anticancer drugs against this threatening viral infection, in which case, natural ingredients are presumed to be a promising source. Several studies show that plant-origin compounds such as allicin...

Background and Aim: Streptomyces is a well-known agent of secondary metabolite production. This study aimed to identify Streptomyces spp. from garbage dump soils in Surabaya based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Moreover, the structure of new chemical compounds used for treating infectious diseases in humans, animals, and plants was elucidated. Mat...

Cancer is a significant global health problem today and responsible for most deaths after cardiovascular diseases. One of the conventional modalities for cancer treatment is chemotherapy. However, it has many side effects and complications. Therefore, the search for novel drug candidates from natural ingredients that are more effective and have min...

The antioxidants can be used for protective in oxidative stress that is one of the important mechanisms of 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME)-induced testis toxicity. The current study was carried out to evaluate The protective effect of xanthone via Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) expression on mice Sertoli cell induced by 2-Methoxyethan...

Objectives This research aimed to investigate the effect of Anadara granosa (AG) shell’s–Stichopus hermanni scaffold on cluster of differentiation (CD)44 and interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression to decrease osteoclasts in socket healing. Materials and Methods Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. The lower left incisor was extracted,...

HIV/ AIDS infections have increased and spread very quickly in the world, including in Indonesia. The absence of an effective vaccine and the fact that antiretroviral drugs can only suppress the progression of infection but cannot eradicate it lead to the efforts to find materials containing immunoglobulins that can replace the immune system which...

Several efforts have been made to discover new anticancer agents based on natural ingredients. Meanwhile, previous studies have shown that different Pine genus species exhibit cytotoxic activity against various types of cancer cells. This plant is rich in phenolic compounds, especially procyanidins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Therefore, this s...

This study aims to prove the protective effect of nanocurcumin against the reduction of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) scavenger enzymeand the increase of apoptosis in lead acetate-induced rat ovarian granulosa cells. A total of 45 female white rats were divided into 5 groups, the negative control group (receiving corn oil and one hour later receivin...

HIV/AIDS infections have increased and spread very quickly in the world, including in Indonesia. The absence of an effective vaccine and the fact that antiretroviral drugs can only suppress the progression of infection but cannot eradicate it lead to the efforts to find materials containing immunoglobulins that can replace the immune system which g...

Background and aim: A skin wound in an animal must be cared for to prevent further health issues. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) have been reported to have potential in increasing the rate of wound healing. This study aimed to analyze the distribution patterns and levels of platelet-derived growth factor...

Objective: This study aims to investigate the protective effect of nanocurcumin on lipid peroxidation of rat ovarian granulosa cells induced by lead acetate (Pb). Methods: A total of 45 mice were divided into a negative control group (C-) receiving corn oil, a positive control group (C+) receiving corn oil and lead acetate (Pb) 40 mg/kg bw/day, exp...

Lead is a heavy metal, the main polluting material in the environment, which comes from gasoline, batteries, paint, pipes, soil, cosmetics, household appliances, and decorations. Lead is a free radical causing oxidative stress. Lead can accumulate in the body due to its slow elimination process. Lead increases oxidative stress by forming reactive o...

Lead is the free radicals and heavy metals of major pollutants in the environment. Lead is toxic and cumulative. Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel extract is a natural antioxidant. Red dragon fruit peel extract can be used to stabilize free radicals by supplementing electron deficiencies and inhibiting chain reactions. This study aimed...

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pathogenic strain of bacteria in humans and animals that can cause anything from mild to severe infections. Detection of MRSA in foodstuffs of animal origin has been widely reported and has raised public concerns about the transmission of MRSA from foodstuffs of animal origin to humans. There...

Background: Annona squamosa is reported has a significant cytotoxic activity in some cancer cells. Objectives: Thus, this study aim to investigate Annona squamosa leaf extract induced by chitosan nanoparticles (nano-ASLE) to enhance their biological activity as anticancer agent on HeLa cells. Methods: Nano-ASLE (50, 100, 200, 400 μg/mL in DMSO) giv...

Objective: To compare soluble HLA-C and HLA-DR molecules present in the plasma of orofacial cleft and non-orofacial cleft populations. Material and Methods: Orofacial cleft patients were recruited using an accidental sampling approach (n=15). Peripheral blood was collected from the participants and processed for Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (...

Introduction: Escherichia coli infection cause death and declining production of broiler farm in Indonesia frequently. Its infection occurs systemic and lead to bacteremia. Objective: The aim of this study was to reveal nano-herb of meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) extract capability as antibacterial against Escherichia coli. Methods: Obtained data was...

The aims of this research are to determine concentration, exposure time, interaction between concentration and exposure time of ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Leaves to cause death toward Ascaridia galli in vitro, and the value of LC50 and LC90 ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Leaves. Research design that has been used in the resear...

The aims of the research are to prove the anthelmintic effects of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves ethanol extract on Raillietina echinobothrida in vitro and to know the value of LC50 and LC90of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves ethanol extract. The research used completely randomized design. The research had five treatments and each treatment was done in fou...

Lead is one of the heavy metals with oxidative stress that causes toxicity in human and animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Chitosan- Pinus merkusii extract nanoparticle on lead acetate-induced toxicity in rat pancreas. Chitosan- Pinus merkusii nanoparticles were identified by Particle Size Analysis (PSA) and...

The aim of this research was to investigate the number of prevalence of Trypanosomiasis of wild rats in Banyuwangi. Sixty wild rats were trapped from human residence, markets and rice fields in Banyuwangi. Rat`s blood smear was stained by Giemsa. The result show that one (1.67%.) of 60 blood sample was appear Trypanosoma sp.. The prevalence of Tryp...

Background and Aim: Cervical cancer accounts for the fourth as a cause of death from cancer in women worldwide, with more than 85% of events and deaths occurring in developing countries. The main problems of chemotherapy are the lack of selectivity and drug resistance. This study aimed to investigate the signal transduction of chitosan-based Pinus...

This study aimed to prepare Annona squamosa leaf extract‑loaded chitosan nanoparticles (nano‑ASLE) against human colon cancer (WiDr) cells. Nano‑ASLE was made with ionic gelation method. Four concentrations of the nano‑ASLE (50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL) in dimethyl sulfoxide were prepared on WiDr cells to determine the IC50 value using 3‑(4,5‑dimet...

The extract of Allium cepa L. is commonly used as adjuvant therapy for cancer that includes a potential source of anticancer properties. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity from a crude extract of Allium cepa L. against human colon cancer (WiDr) cells. The cytotoxic effect of Allium cepa L. extract was determined using MTT assay. The Alli...

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Polygonum minus leaves ethanol extract on histopathological changes in aortic wall of mice induced by cadmium chloride. Thirty male mice were divided into ve groups and were administered via intragastric gavage for 21 days. Treatments were negative control (CMC Na 0.5% solution + aquadest), pos...

Objectives: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) belongs to the congenital anomaly that is clinically seen as cleft in lip, alveolar bone, palate, and nasal septum. The patients suffer from esthetic and various functional defects. CLP is resulted from impaired palatogenesis during the embryonic phase. The etiology of CLP is influenced by genetic, environmen...

Objective: This research was conducted to study the wound healing process of whole fruit pomegranate extract (punica granatum) standardized with 40% ellagic acid ointment for deep second-degree burn wound of skin in the rat (Rattus norvegicus). Materials and methods: Powder of standardized pomegranate extract (SPE) with 40% ellagic acid was proc...

The current study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-caspase 3 activity of chitosan-Pinus merkusii nanoparticle in against lead acetate-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. chitosan-P. merkusii nanoparticle was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The male rats were divided into contro...

The study of acute toxicity was carried out by administration of 312.5, 625, 1250 and 2500 mg/kg bw of Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) anti Mycobacterium tuberculosis and evaluated by the incidence of lethality for 14 days which used in the calculation of the Lethal Dose 50 value (LD50). While subacute toxicity conducted by administration 250, 500 and 1000...

This study, we investigated the role of Chitosan-Pinus merkusii extracts nanoparticle in against lead acetate-induced cardiac cell damage in rat. Chitosan-Pinus merkusii extract nanoparticle was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The fifty rats were divided into: control group (rats were given wi...

Objective: Herbal nanoparticles have gained interest in nanomedicine, and development of new therapeutic with improved bioavailability, increased sensitivity and specificity, and reduced toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimycobacterial activity of the Pinus merkusii extract nanoparticle in vitro. Materials and Methods: Ethanoli...

Background: The active components of natural products provide a potential alternative to conventional immunotherapy for a variety of diseases conditions and become subject to scientific investigations currently worldwide. Objective: The purpose of this research was to investigate the immunostimulatory activity of the chitosan nanoparticle on Wistar...

Objective: This study was carried to investigate the role of chitosan nanoparticle in protecting against cadmium chloride-induced gastric toxicity in the rat. Methods: The 50 male rats were divided into 5 group: negative control (Rats were given daily with aquadest); positive control (Rats were given daily with cadmium chloride 5 mg/kg BW orally on...

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimycobacterial activity of the Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanolic extract in vitro. Materials and Methods: Ethanolic extract of C. xanthorrhiza was set by maceration method. The broth microdilution and disc diffusion method were used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal b...

Red dragon fruit skin extract is used as an antioxidant to lead acetate toxicity. This study aimed to prove the difference in morphology of mice testicular spermatozoa exposed to lead acetate. Twenty-five mice were divided into 5 groups (5 mice per group). K- group was the control group without lead acetate and dragon fruit skin extract administrat...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Spirulina platensis extract on the amount of Leydig cells, amount of necrotic Leydig cells, and diameter of seminiferous tubules of rats treated with excessive physical exercise. The excessive physical exercise was done through 60 minutes of swimming for 35 days. Twenty white male rats were ran...

The aims of this research are to know the concentration, exposure time and interaction between concentration and exposure time of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves ethanol extract which cause the most mortality toward Fasciola gigantica. Also to know its value of LC50 and LC90. The research was completely randomized design. There were five treatments. Ea...

This study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of propolis extract from Apis mellifera that was obtained from Agro Tawon Rimba Raya Malang against the exposure of lead acetate 20 mg/kgBW orally. Twenty-five BALB/C mice were randomly devided into five groups. Negative control received only CMC-Na 1.5 % and Tween 80 0.5% also aquadest an h...

This research was conducted to investigate the protective effect Polygonum minus leaves extract on the histopathological changes of kidney induced by mercuric chloride in mice (Mus musculus). Thirty male mice were divided into five groups and were administered via intragastric gavage with different treatments for 21 days. The treatment were C- (CMC...

Background: Chitosan nanoparticles have gained growing interest for nanomedicine, biomedical engineering and development of new therapeutic with improved bioavailability, increased sensitivity and specificity, and reduced toxicity. Objective: The aim of the present study is to synthesis of the chitosan nanoparticles for antimycobacterial applicatio...

Lead that enters the body may lead to increased production of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) that may affect reproductive system. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) extract contains high antioxidant, tymoquinone, that may be used to suppress oxidative stress induced by lead in animal experiments. This study aimed to prove that black cumin (Nigella sativa)...

Objective(s) In this study, we investigated the protective effects of piperine on lead acetate-induced renal damage in rat kidney tissue. Materials and Methods Forty male rats were divided into 5 groups: negative control (rats were given aquadest daily), positive control (rats were given lead acetate 30 mg/kg BW orally once a day for 60 days), and...

The aim of this study was to characterize of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgYs) specific as immunotherapy to Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) infection. Lohmann laying hens were immunized intramuscularly with antigenic of MTBC. Egg yolk was separated from egg white, and IgY antibody was then purified by multiple polyethylene glycols 6...

Curcumin has been reported to have a strong antioxidant activity. In recent years, use of antioxidant in reducing heavy metal toxicities has been increased worldwide. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of curcumin on methylmercuryinduced pancreas damage in mice. Briefly, 50 male mice were divided into five groups as follows: nega...

Lead is a heavy metal that affects the health, one of them are male reproductive organ. Lead exposure leads to the formation of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) and decreases antioxidant reserves in the body. Lead toxicity in male reproductive system can be prevented with antioxidants. Dayak onion is a potential plant as a source of natural antioxidan...

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of Immunoglobulin (Ig)Y anti HIVon PHA-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proliferation, interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ secretion. Effects of IgY anti HIV in different concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 μg/mlon phytohemagglutinin (PHA) activated-human peripheral bl...

The production of antibodies in chickens and the extraction of specific antibodies from egg yolk (IgY antibodies) are increasingly attracting the interest of the scientific community, as demonstrated by the significant growth of the IgY literature. The objective of the study was to evaluate the oral acute toxicity of IgY anti HIV on Mice. In acute...

Chicken egg yolk was recognized as an inexpensive alternate antibody source Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) as its immunotherapeutic application has proved successful for treatment of a variety of infections, but the need to evaluate the safety of these IgY. The objective of the study was to evaluate the oral subchronic toxicity of IgY anti HIV on rat (Ratt...

In this study, an approach for large-scale production of immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) specific anti Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) for use as a potential immunotherapy for HIV disease. Lohman laying hens were immunized intramuscularly with HIV virus that had been inactivated using formaline. The immunizations were repeated two times with dose of eac...

This study aimed to produce immunoglobulin Y (IgY) specific to dengue virus which could be used for diagnostic kit of dengue. Lohman laying hens were immunized intramuscularly with antigenic of dengue. Egg yolk was separated from egg white and IgY antibody was then purified by multiple polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 extraction and ammonium sulfate...

Mechanism of curcumin for protection of endothelial cell was studied in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into five groups. The negative control group was fed a standard diet, the positive control group was fed the same diet with 2 % cholesterol , the curcumin group was fed the same diet with 2 % cholesterol and curcumin...

The signal transduction of bromelain as antiinflamatory in carragenan-induced rat paw edema were investigated. Sprague Dawley Rats were divided into the control groups which were given saline, and bromelain groups which received doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg bromelain (peroral) respectively. This was followed by the administration of 1 % caragenin t...

The potency of piperine as anti inflammatory and analgesic were investigated. Piperine was evaluated for antiinflammatory effect by carrageen-induced rat paw edema. Sprague Dawley Rats were divided into the control groups were given saline perorally, piperine groups received doses of 2.5; 5 and 10 mg/kg piperine (peroral) respectively. This was fol...

The roie of protein kinase C in the endothelin-induced contraction was examined in the isolated rabbit saphenous vein in which endothelin-1, endothelin-3, sarafotoxin S6c and IRL 1620 (succinyl-[Glu9,Ala11,15]endothelin-1-(8–21))-induced contraction at the threshold concentrations of 0.1–1 pM. A selective inhibitor of protein kinase C, 500 nM calph...

The endothelin (ET) receptor has been classified as the ETA1, ETA2, ETB1 and ETB2 subtypes. BQ-123 and RES-701-1 are the ETA1 and ETB1 antagonists, respectively, whereas BQ-788 is the ETB1/ETB2 antagonist. To find the ETA2 antagonist, the effects of [Thr18, gamma-MeLeu19]-ET-1 (TM-ET-1) were examined. In the rabbit saphenous vein, contraction induc...

Effects of endothelins on cytosolic Ca2+ level ([Ca2+]i) and contraction were examined in the swine pulmonary artery and vein. In the artery, endothelin-1 and endothelin-3, but not sarafotoxin S6c and IRL 1620 (300 nM each), induced transient increase followed by sustained increase in [Ca2+]i and sustained contraction. These effects were inhibited...

The effects of a peptide, BQ-788 [N-cis-2, 6-dimethyl-piperidinocarbonyl-L-gamma-methylleucyl-D-1- methoxycarbonyltryptophanyl-D-norleucine], on isolated blood vessel and small intestine were examined. In the rat aorta, BQ-788 antagonized the endothelium-dependent, ETB1 receptor-mediated relaxation due to endothelin (ET)-3 with EC50 of 3 microM. In...

RES-701-1 (cyclic (Gly1-Asp9)(Gly-Asn-Trp-His-Gly-Thr-Ala-Pro-Asp-Trp-Phe- Phe-Asn-Tyr-Tyr-Trp)), a peptide isolated from Streptomyces sp., has been reported to inhibit the endothelin ETB receptor. We examined the effects of this peptide on the blood vessels and the small intestine. In isolated rat aorta without endothelium, 10 microM RES-701-1 did...