Wurlina Wurlina’s research while affiliated with Airlangga University and other places

Q fever, also known as query fever, is a zoonotic illness brought on by the Coxiella burnetii bacteria. This disease was first discovered in 1935 in Queensland, Australia. Worldwide, Q fever is a disease that requires notification, and certain nations classify it as a national health concern. A feature of C. burnetii is known as cell wall phase fluctuation. Serological testing is the main method used to diagnose Q fever illnesses. Inhalation is the primary method of C. burnetii transmission in both people and animals, with smaller amounts occurring through milk and milk product ingestion. The bacterial strain that is causing the infection determines how severe it is. Q fever is a significant zoonosis that can be dangerous for personnel working in veterinary laboratories, livestock breeding operations, and slaughterhouses due to its high human contagiousness. C. burnetii is a biological weapon that can be sprayed on food, water, or even mail. It can also be employed as an aerosol. Antibiotics work well against this disease's acute form, but as the infection develops into a chronic form, treatment becomes more difficult and the illness frequently returns, which can result in a high death rate. Vaccination has been demonstrated to lower the incidence of animal infections, C. burnetii shedding, and abortion. Several hygienic precautions should be put in place during an outbreak to lessen the spread of disease to animals.

Metal toxicity from lead affects reproductive organ function by activating reactive oxygen species processes. This study aims to see how α-tocopherol and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) affect gonads, liver, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, spermatogenesis (the amount of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids), and Leydig cells in male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to lead acetate Pb(CH3COO)2. The samples used were 25 male Wistar rats aged 4 months, separated into five groups. For 30 days, all treatment groups were exposed to Pb(CH3COO)2 at a level of 50-mg/kg body weight (BW). The T1 group was given a dosage of 100-mg/kg BW of α-tocopherol. The ZnSO4 was given to the T2 group at a dose of 0.54-mg/kg BW. Meanwhile, the T3 group was given a mixture of ZnSO4 at 0.54-mg/kg BW and α-tocopherol at 100-mg/kg BW orally. ELISA test was carried out to determine the level of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in a blood plasma sample of 100 μl / 1 mg. Histopathological observations made on the liver included counting damaged cells and seminiferous tubules that included counting the amount of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells. Using SPSS 20 software, the collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by Duncan’s test with a 95% simultaneous confidence level. The highest average levels of FSH and LH in the T3 group were 3.6162 mIU/mL and 14.9658 mIU/mL. The finding showed that Pb(CH3COO)2 caused disruptions in the spermatogenesis and Leydig cell processes. Exogenous antioxidants in combination with ZnSO4 and α-tocopherol had significant effect on enhancing reproductive performance in animals exposed to Pb(CH3COO)2.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of administering a dose of gonadotropin (PG-600) in cows with persistent corpus luteum (PCL) which were treated with prostaglandin F2 α (PGF2α) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This study used 20, three-year-old cows diagnosed with PCL, had recently given birth, and were not pregnant. Cows were randomly allocated into groups T0, T1, T2 and T3. Cows in all groups were injected with PGF2α (25 mg/cow). Simultaneously, cows in groups T1, T2 and T3 were also injected with PG-600 at doses of 100, 150 and 200 IU/cow respectively. PGF2α and PG-600 were injected when PCL was identified. After that, cows showing signs of estrus were injected with hCG (100 IU/cow) and artificially inseminated 12-18 hours after the appearance of signs of estrus. AI was conducted using frozen thawed semen. Sixty days following AI, a pregnancy examination was conducted using USG. Estrus was detected in all treated cows, while the pregnancy rates varied. Compared with other groups, the groups given 100 and 150 IU PG-600 produced higher pregnancy rates. It could be concluded that the combination of 25 mg PGF2α, 150 IU PG-600, and 100 IU hCG was the most effective treatment to produce high pregnancy rates in cows with persistent corpus luteum.

This study aims to determine the effect of oral administration of white guava fruit juice (Psidium guajava L.) on the spermatogenic cells of rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed orally to lead acetate. Twenty-five male rats (Rattus norvegicus) of the Wistar strain were randomly divided into five groups. Placebo group rats (P0) were given 0.5 mL distilled water twice every day orally at four-hour intervals. Groups T0, T1, T2, and T3 were given lead acetate 50 mg/kg bw orally, then respectively given distilled water, 100, 50 and 25% (v/v) white guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit juice orally four hours later for 14 days. On day-15, the rats were sacrificed and their testicles were taken for histological preparations. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids cells of rats in T0 group was lower (p <0.05) than in P0 group. Higher spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids cells (p <0.05) were found in the T1 group compared to the T0 group. However, the number of spermatogonia and spermatocytes in the T1 group was still lower than in the P0 group. The number of spermatids in the T3 group was almost the same (p >0.05) as in the P0 group. This study found that white guava pure juice without dilution was the best for maintaining the number of spermatids, but was unable to restore the number of spermatogonia and spermatocyte cells in rats exposed to lead acetate.

Objective To improve the quality of post-thawing Boer buck semen for artificial insemination by adding green tea extract chitosan nanoparticles to skimmed egg yolk diluent, and the proper thawing temperature. Methods The ejaculate of Boer buck was added to skimmed egg yolk diluent without (the control group) and with adding 1 μg of chitosan nanoparticles of green tea extract per mL of diluent (the treatment group). Then, the diluted semen was filled in French mini straws containing 60× 10 ⁶ live sperm per straw, frozen in a standard protocol, and stored as frozen semen at -196 °C for a week. Six replicates from each group were diluted for 30 s at 37 °C or 39 °C sterile water to evaluate the semen quality. Results Post-thawing (at 37 °C or 39 °C) of live sperm, progressive motility, and plasma membrane integrity were lower compared to those of the pre-freezing stage ( P <0.05). Thawing at 37 °C resulted in no significant difference in live sperm, progressive motility, and plasma membrane between the control group and the treatment group ( P >0.05). The live sperm, progressive motility, and plasma membrane of the treatment group in the pre-freezing stage, and post-thawed at 39 C were higher compared to those of the control group ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, DNA fragmentation, and catalase concentration of thawing at 37 °C compared to those of 39 °C in the same group. The MDA concentration and DNA fragmentation in thawing at 37 °C and 39 °C of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group ( P <0.05). However, the catalase concentration in thawing at 37 °C and 39 °C of the treatment group was not significantly different than the control group ( P >0.05). Conclusions Higher quality post-thawing Boer buck semen is achieved by adding 1 μg/mL of chitosan nanoparticles of green tea extract to the skimmed egg yolk diluent and thawing at 39 °C.

Paratuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Typically, ruminant animals including cattle, buffalo, goats, and sheep are infected with MAP. Animals get infected with MAP in a number of ways, such as by eating or drinking contaminated food or water, or by nursing from an infected mother who may have contaminated teats or directly shed the organism in milk or colostrum. Animal-derived goods like meat, dairy, and tainted surface water have the potential to spread paratuberculosis through zoonotic transmission. Reports of paratuberculosis have been received from United States, Oceania, Asia, and Africa, in addition to several European nations like Germany, Italy, and France. Paratuberculosis pathology is characterized by chronic lymphangitis, chronic enteritis, or mesenteric lymphadenopathy. In animals, wasting and watery green diarrhea are the major signs. There are two kinds of paratuberculosis diagnostic tests that are available; the goal of the first set of tests is to identify MAP while the second set consists of immunological tests. Due to similar clinical signs, some forms of the illness, such as wasting and watery green diarrhea, may be mistaken for paratuberculosis. Crohn's disease has been linked to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis as the etiological culprit in humans. To prevent the infection from spreading to uninfected animal populations, drastic measures must be implemented. Despite the economic burden of paratuberculosis, research aimed at developing therapeutic medicines is focused on public health rather than veterinary uses. This review therefore focuses on a comprehensive detail of paratuberculosis in animals, including its public health implications and economic impact.

Nutritional deficiency or malnutrition is one of the severe health problems that causes changes in body weight, body composition, and physical function. The potential of calliandra honey to spermatozoa motility and viability, in the male white rat ( Rattus norvegiccus ) undergoing nutritional deficiency will be investigated in this research. 24 male white rats with body weights 250-300 grams were used and divided into four groups with each group containing six white rats. The first group was the negative control (C-) group, C+ was the group with fasting condition but without honey administration, T1 and T2 were the fasting treatment in ten days with 30% and 50% honey, respectively. The result was significance differences between C-group with C+ or T1 and T2 (p<0.05). The T1 and T2 can increase the motility and viability of spermatozoa and the difference significant with C+ (p<0.05), but it cannot restore the motility and viability of spermatozoa to normal conditions. It can be concluded that the administration of Calliandra honey in the T1 and T2 with concentrations of 30% and 50% can already improve the quality of spermatozoa which can be seen from the motility and viability of spermatozoa.

This study aims to determine the effect of the administration of white guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit juice on spermatozoa plasma membrane integrity (PMI), morphological abnormality, viability, and motility of lead acetate induced rats (Rattus norvegicus). Twenty-five male rats were divided into five groups: NC (negative control) group, rats were administered with distilled water twice daily at four-hour intervals; T0 (positive control) group, rats were administered daily with lead acetate 50 mg/kg bw and distilled water four hours later; T1, T2, and T3 groups, rats were administered daily with lead acetate 50 mg/kg bw and 0.5 mL of 25, 50, and 100% white guava fruit juice four hours later. The treatment of the rats was conducted for 14 days, and on day 15, all rats were sacrificed to assess the spermatozoa quality. Data was analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test at a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that exposure to lead acetate (T0) caused lower spermatozoa PMI, viability, and motility as well as higher spermatozoa morphological abnormalities (p <0.05) compared to those of the T0 group. Administration of white guava fruit juice starting at a dose of 25% (T1) resulted in higher spermatozoa motility, viability, and PMI as well as lower spermatozoa morphological abnormalities (p <0.05) compared to rats in the T0 group. It could be concluded that white guava fruit juice maintained the spermatozoa quality of lead acetate induced rats.

This study aims to determine the effect of the administration of white guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit juice on spermatozoa plasma membrane integrity (PMI), morphological abnormality, viability, and motility of lead acetate induced rats (Rattus norvegicus). Twenty-five male rats were divided into five groups: NC (negative control) group, rats were administered with distilled water twice daily at four-hour intervals; T0 (positive control) group, rats were administered daily with lead acetate 50 mg/kg bw and distilled water four hours later; T1, T2, and T3 groups, rats were administered daily with lead acetate 50 mg/kg bw and 0.5 mL of 25, 50, and 100% white guava fruit juice four hours later. The treatment of the rats was conducted for 14 days, and on day 15, all rats were sacrificed to assess the spermatozoa quality. Data was analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test at a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that exposure to lead acetate (T0) caused lower spermatozoa PMI, viability, and motility as well as higher spermatozoa morphological abnormalities (p <0.05) compared to those of the T0 group. Administration of white guava fruit juice starting at a dose of 25% (T1) resulted in higher spermatozoa motility, viability, and PMI as well as lower spermatozoa morphological abnormalities (p <0.05) compared to rats in the T0 group. It could be concluded that white guava fruit juice maintained the spermatozoa quality of lead acetate induced rats.