Abdulaziz Atabani (A.E. Atabani)

Yuan Ze University · Department of Mechanical Engineering

The effect of oil extraction from spent coffee grounds as a pre-treatment strategy prior to anaerobic digestion besides assessing the feasibility of defatted spent coffee grounds co-digestion with spent tea waste, glycerin, and macroalgae were examined. Mesophilic BMP tests were performed using defatted spent coffee grounds alongside four co-substr...

Coffee is a globally consumed beverage that produces a substantial amount of valuable organic waste known as spent coffee grounds (SCG). Although SCG is a non-edible biomass, research initiatives focused on valorizing/utilizing its organic content, protecting the environment, and reducing the high oxygen demand required for its natural degradation....

In this study, crude pyrolytic oil (CPO) was blended with fossil diesel and butanol in different ratios. Following this strategy, engine performance, combustion characteristics and emissions analyses were experimentally examined in a CI diesel engine. Experiments were carried out with 7 blends at 1500 and 2000 rpm and 5 engine loads (0-12.5-25-37.5...

As a by-product of coffee consumption, millions of tons of spent coffee grounds (SCG) are produced annually. SCG can be recycled in a biorefinery-based process to produce biofuels and value-added products, avoiding the environmental issues, hazardous emissions and costs associated with its disposal. The recycling potential of SCG into biogas by the...

In this study, the mesophilic anaerobic digestion improvement in semi continuous digesters of leaflets from Algerian date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) of the H'mira cultivars from Adrar region using an alkaline pretreatment was studied. The substrate was pretreated chemically with a solution of caustic soda (NaOH) at different concentrations (6%,...

In many industrialized and developing countries, the copious amount of solid waste and byproducts produced by tea processing and production enterprises today pose a distressing and pervasive problem. Consequently, finding a sustainable way to repurpose tea waste (TW) in various applications has become the primary focus of the global research commun...

Given how quickly the aviation sector is growing, it is crucial to find sustainable ways to supply the demand. Modern technological developments and the creation of alternative jet fuels are crucial elements that could help eliminate greenhouse gases (GHGs) like CO 2 emissions. Traditional jet fuel produces a sizable amount of GHG emissions, which...

Most research into the treats of plastic wastes have concentrated mainly on single-exposure pathways or products. These practices fail to acknowledge that the complications of carbon particles from engines are produced not only by diesel but by any plastic oils due to the vast amount of contaminants. With the potential to significantly weaken the i...

Synthesis of biofuel from bioresources represents one of the greatest propitious options for achieving a cleaner production of energy and the global circular bioeconomy. The superior cetane rating of biodiesel makes it a fitting fuel for CI diesel engines. The present study aims to valorise Bael seeds for biodiesel production. Bael is a species of...

The lignocellulosic properties of date palm waste (dry palm) differ significantly from one cultivar to another, which affects the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. This study is believed to be amongst the first to evaluate the influence of date palm cultivars on the biomethane yield in order to offer an annual, continuous and cost-effective biogas...

This article deals with the general concepts of new developments in production of high-value activated porous carbon from various types of wastes for use in supercapacitors. Recently, there has been a rise in the manufacture of activated carbon using waste materials since trash is affordable, economical, and easy, and it is also seen as an effectiv...

This paper aims to study the effect of stirring speed on biodiesel yield using an innovative oscillating reactor compared to the conventional stirring tank reactor. The efficiency of the invented reactor was compared with the conventional system, employing two catalysts (a homogeneous catalyst and a heterogeneous bio-catalyst). The obtained results...

Electrochemists and ecological engineers find environmental bioelectrochemistry appealing; however, there is a big gap between expectations and actual progress in bioelectrochemical system (BES). Implementing such technology opens new opportunities for novel electrochemical reactions for resource recovery and effective wastewater treatment. Loophol...

Hydrogen is a clean alternative fuel without carbon gas emission. This paper presents a critical evaluation of the different methods available for generating hydrogen from various feedstocks. The advantages and disadvantages of each process are discussed deeply by recent literatures. Steam reforming of fossil fuels (SRF) has been proved as an attra...

The book aims to analyse and discuss the conventional and emerging treatments of digestate generated in the anaerobic treatment of organic waste. Thus, in the circular economy framework, the book will address up-to-date strategies for the treatment and resource recovery from anaerobic digestate. Anaerobic digestion is an expanding technology nowada...

Burning solid fuels in domestic boilers during the heating season increases the concentrations of dust containing carbonaceous particles that exist as organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC). For economic reasons, plastic wastes are also incinerated with traditional energy fuels. In this study, fossil fuels (bituminous coal and lignite) and b...

Biomethane is produced by qualitative processing of raw biogas in several steps and by separation from other components. The production and treatment of biomethane can provide new opportunities for society at various levels. The chapter describes biomethane sources and new approaches to biomethane production technology within the circular economy....

Sewage sludge is rich source of carbon, nutrients, and trace elements and can be subjected to proper treatment before disposal to fulfill government legislation and protect receiving environments. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a well-adopted technology for stabilizing sewage sludge and recovering energy-rich biogas and nutrient-rich digestate. Howeve...

Microalgae are a promising feedstock source for third-generation biofuels. However, applying microalgae as a raw feedstock for biodiesel production presents several challenges regarding its economic feasibility, particularly during the harvesting stage. The microalgal harvesting stage is crucial from an economic perspective, and it impacts the feed...

The global market for fuel pellets (FPs) has been steadily growing because of a shift to coal substitutes. However, sustainability and the availability of biomass are the main issues. Various kinds of bio-wastes can be valorized through cutting-edge technologies. In the coffee industry, a valuable organic waste called spent coffee grounds (SCGs) is...

Biogas has been investigated as an alternative biofuel in dual fuel operating mode in a direct injection diesel engine. However, there is not sufficient information about using modified fuels with biogas. This study aimed to investigate the effects of modified diesel fuel and biogas on combustion behavior, performance, and emissions characteristics...

The smart control of the biogas-hydrogen engine is needed to improve the overall energy efficiency of the hybrid renewable energy system. The paper presents some simulation results of the optimal control parameters of the engine aiming to achieve the compromise between performance and pollutant emissions of the biogas-hydrogen engine. In neat bioga...

Coffee is a global and popular drink with refreshing properties that is consumed in huge amounts daily. During the brewing process, a valuable dark brown organic waste known as spent coffee grounds (SCG) is generated in bulk. SCG has been classified as a promising raw material for the production of various biofuels and added-value products through...

Oily sludge is a hazardous waste stream of the oil refineries that requires an effective process and an environment-friendly route to convert and recover valuable products. In this study, the pyrolytic conversion of the wet waste oil sludge was implemented in an autoclave pyrolyser and a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) at 5 ºC/min, 20 ºC/min, and...

The current trends of solid waste generation and its landfilling/dumping present a global challenge to cleaner environment and sustainable development. The aim of the study is to present the research dynamics of solid waste landfilling (SWL) during the past 20 years based on a bibliometric analysis. This is the first bibliometric analysis which was...

This paper examined both experimental and a new modelling test for biogas production based on Co-Digestion Ratio (CDR) of vegetable peel (VP) with cow dung (CD) without external inoculum. For this, vegetable peel was used as a substrate and cow dung was used as a co-substrate. Reactors in triplicate were prepared. The vegetable peel concentrations...

Biogas is one of the most attractive renewable resources due to its ability to convert waste into energy. Biogas is produced during an anaerobic digestion process from different organic waste resources with a combination of mainly CH4 (~50 mol/mol), CO2 (~15 mol/mol), and some trace gasses. The percentage of these trace gases is related to operatin...

The effect of several parameters, such as different Co²⁺ ratios, burning temperatures, and burning times, was examined by using defatted spent coffee grounds (DSCG) as organic waste to obtain the most effective catalyst for producing hydrogen. Under optimum conditions, the most active catalyst/metal ratio was obtained by burning 50% Co ²⁺ at 400 °C...

Agro-Wastes are identified as to manufacture potential valuable organic biochar fertilizer product economically while also managing the waste. Biochar (BC) produced from agriculture waste is helps to improve the soil because of its neutral pH, addition of organic carbon to the soil and lower salt index values. This study focused on the development...

In the present study, Spirulina Platensis waste-supported Pd-Co (SPW-Pd-Co) catalyst was used as an efficient catalyst for the methanolysis reaction of sodium borohydride (NaBH4); moreover, the produced SPW-Pd-Co catalyst was tested as a supercapacitor electrode material for the first time. In this context, the SPW-Pd-Co catalyst was synthesized by...

Biodiesel and oxyhydrogen (HHO) gas have shown promising results in improving engine performance and emissions. In this work, the effects of HHO gas and 5% biodiesel blends (B5) and their combined use in a 315 cc diesel engine have been analyzed. Biodiesel is produced by base catalyzed transesterification and cleaned by emulsification. Its calculat...

Bioenergy potential of microalage Scednedesmus quadricuda through pyrolysis was investigated using kinetic and thermodynamic analyses. From model-free isoconversional methods, the estimated average activation energies were 152.37 (±20.93), 174.98 (±22.38), and 153.00 (±21.23) kJ/mol, using Friedman, OFW and advance Vyazovkin methods, respectively....

The major hurdles causing difficulties in mechanized transportation are the depletion of fossil fuels and the high cost of alternative plant-based substrates for producing biofuels. To solve these issues, biofuels were emerged as effective alternatives to reduce pollution caused by the emission of greenhouse gases. Among biofuels, biobutanol is gai...

Roughly 8 percent of the final energy used for heating and cooling of buildings and industries around the world is provided by renewable energies. Nevertheless, a major part of the energy consumed for heating is based on fossil fuels. Turkey's energy policies are aimed at providing secure, sustainable, and cost-effective energy, enhancing domestic...

This paper critically reviews the current status of utilization of municipal solid waste and biomass blends for energy and resources recovery together with identifying the opportunities for future development in technological equipment and physicochemical waste compositions involved in such complex processes. Among numerous thermochemical conversio...

There is a rising demand for light olefins production to meet the increase in human population, burgeoning transportation network and rapid pace of industrialization. Methanol-to-olefins (MTO) conversion process is the most preferentially-selected route to synthesize olefins even though obtaining the high selectivity remains a challenge to this day...

The smart control of the biogas-hydrogen engine is needed to improve the overall energy efficiency of the hybrid renewable energy system. The paper focuses on studying the optimal control parameters of the engine aiming to achieve the compromise between performance and pollutant emissions of the biogas-hydrogen engine. In neat biogas fueling mode,...

Biohydrogen is a clean and renewable source of energy. It can be produced by using technologies such as thermochemical, electrolysis, photoelectrochemical and biological, etc. Among these technologies, the biological method (dark fermentation) is considered more sustainable and ecofriendly. Dark fermentation involves anaerobic microbes which degrad...

Lignocelluloses' pretreatment is targeted for the improvement of hydrolysis of their carbohydrates, i.e., cellulose and hemicelluloses. Modification of the hardheaded structure of lignocelluloses is a fundamental stair in biofuels and biochemicals production. The high crystalline configurations of cellulose embed with hemicelluloses and lignin, giv...

Waste cooking oil (WCO) is a mixture of animal fats and used vegetable oils used at high temperatures. It can be obtained at almost no cost. In this work, valorisation of WCO for biodiesel production (WCOME) besides assessing the quality of its binary and ternary blends with Euro diesel and higher alcohols of pentanol and octanol were examined. WCO...

Energy plays a key role in each sector of life ranging from basic needs to better standards of life. The world is concerned about 3 ps (population, poverty, and pollution). The increase of these three factors has led the search of the best alternative sources of energies to fulfill all needs of a modern way of life. Biodiesel is a sustainable energ...

In this research, microalgae species, Chlorella protothecoides was selected for biodiesel production due to its ability to produce large amount of hydrocarbons and oils with high lipid composition. The extracted bio-oil was characterized systematically by proximate, ultimate, spectral (FT-IR, UV–vis., GC–Mass, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR) and thermogravimet...

Agro-industrial residue is widely considered as a rich source of energy, with varying characteristics depending on the geographical region or origin from where it is collected. Rice husk, bagasse, corncob, wheat straw and wood chips do not find many applications in Pakistan. As they are available in large quantities and at lower cost, therefore it...

The co-combustion of fuel has substantial advantages when compared to normal combustion and it requires very little modification. In this perspective, ethanol supplement co-combustion with biodiesel is proposed. The co-combustion characteristics were studied by manifold induction of vaporized ethanol and direct injection of waste cooking oil biodie...

We herein report the extraction of biodiesel (S1B and S2B) from a two dissimilar Scenedesmus species namely Scenedesmus obliquus (S1) and Scenedesmus dimorphus(S2) by means of transesterification reaction of lipid moieties, using absolute alcohol and Ni/ H2 as medium with the presence of Ni(II)–Schiff base compound as promoter to yield biodiesel. T...

This study focuses on combustion, emission, and performance analysis of JET-A fuel blends with various additives using a micro gas turbine engine. The amount of oxygen in fuel blends and atomization are the crucial parameters in the production of a higher combustion rate with less emission. Therefore, various ratios of additives (ethanol and pentan...

The analysis of optimum engine conditions operating under hydrogen and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) blends using the Taguchi L16 approach were examined. The effect of hydrogen (10%, 20%, and 30%) and MWCNTs (30 ppm, 50 ppm, and 80 ppm) with different fuel blend proportions were evaluated at different engine loads of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%....

Treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater is very important to protect downstream users from health risks and meet the freshwater demand of the ever-increasing world population. Different types of wastewater (textile, dairy, pharmaceutical, swine, municipal, etc.) vary in composition and require different treatment strategies. Wastewater mana...

In India, the biodiesel industry is promising and growing at a rapid rate. Several attempts have been made using non edible feedstock to develop the commercial and sustainable biodiesel industry. In this perspective, this study has aimed to optimize four main factors; catalyst quantity, methanol: waste cooking oil molar ratio, mixing intensity and...

Treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater is very important to protect downstream users from health risks and meet the freshwater demand of the ever-increasing world population. Different types of wastewater (textile, dairy, pharmaceutical, swine, municipal, etc.) vary in composition and require different treatment strategies. Wastewater mana...

Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are an important waste product millions of tons generated from coffee consumption and could be effectively utilized for various applications due to their high organic content. SCG can be used as a potential feedstock to develop coffee–based biorefinery towards value–added products generation through various biotechnologic...

Rapid depletion in fossil fuels, inflation in petroleum prices, and rising energy demand have forced towards alternative transport fuels. Among these alternative fuels, diesel-ethanol and diesel-biodiesel blends gain the most attention due to their quality characteristics and environmentally friendly nature. The viscosity and density of these biodi...

This study aims to investigate a CI diesel engine characteristic of diesel-biodiesel blend with oxygenated alcohols and nanoparticle fuel additives. Biodiesel was synthesized from a complementary palm-sesame oil blend using an ultra-sound-assisted transesterification process. B30 was mixed with fuel additives as the base fuel to form ternary blends...

The aim of the current study is to manufacture molecular sieve from the defatted spent coffee ground. The defatted spent coffee ground for the specified particle size (100 μm) was chemically activated with different agents (ZnCl2, H3PO4, KOH) and then carbonized at different temperatures (400-900 ⁰C). A thorough characterization of the produced act...

Blending biodiesel–diesel blends with alternative fuels such as butanol and diethyl ether becomes an interesting area of research. Butanol is becoming a popular fuel due to its renewable nature and superior properties compared to ethanol. Diethyl ether can be considered as a renewable fuel as it can be produced from bioethanol through easy dehydrat...

Anaerobic digestion (AD) from organic waste has gained worldwide attention in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, lowering fossil fuel combustion, and facilitating a sustainable renewable energy supply. Biogas mainly consists of methane (CH4) (50–75%), carbon dioxide (CO2) (25–50%), hydrogen sulphides (H2S), hydrogen (H2), ammonia (NH3) (1–2%) and t...

Biogas production from different waste resources still has limitations due to its complex structure and slowly biodegradable nature. To improve methane yield and anaerobic digestion performance, various substrate pre-treatment methods have been suggested. This paper reviews the latest trends, progress, and research achievements about pretreatment t...

List of contributors

The circular bioeconomy plan is an innovative research based scheme intended for augmenting the complete utilization and management of bio-based resources in a sustainable biorefinery route. Spent coffee grounds based biorefinery is the emerging aspect promoting circular bioeconomy. The sustainable circular bioeconomy by utilizing SCG is achieved b...

In this study, Microcystis Aeruginosa (MA)- microalgae species was used for the first time as a support material with metal ions loading to fabricate a highly efficient catalyst for the hydrogen generation through methanolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). Microalgae was pre-treated with hydrochloric acid (3M HCl) for 24 h at 80 °C. Subsequently,...

Biobutanol from lignocellulosic biomass: bioprocess strategies

Ever since the research community highlighted the emission and sustainability aspects of pure diesel in the transportation sector, then began the search of next prospective fuel source that would address the shortcomings of diesel fuel. In the present review, a widespread assessment on the impact of two oxygenated additives on compression ignition...

This study aims to harvest the hazardous algae from water using biologically synthetized magnetic nanoma-terials with cheap, simple and environmentally friendly process to valorise it into biodiesel. The characteristics of obtained nanoparticles showed that it has 50 nm-sized hexagonal or round-shaped nanoparticles indicating its high adsorption ca...

Valorization of waste for biodiesel production is an important parameter as 75% of biodiesel production cost comes from the feedstock cost itself. Therefore, waste cooking oil appears as one of the best accessible option for biodiesel production globally given its availability and low price. On the other hand, fuel stability is one of the most crit...

This study examines how environmental concerns impact the connectivity amid formal, informal control and performance based on data gathered from different 156 construction companies. The empirical outcomes illustrate that behaviour, outcome relationship between variables and clan control affirmatively affect performance on construction projects. Ho...

Use of abundant indigenous energy crops for biofuels production contributes to enhance the economy and reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. This paper aims to shed the light into two available energy crops in Pakistan; castor (Ricinus communis L.) and cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Although castor has excellent oil content (54%), its high vi...

The world is concerned with the degradation of the Saharan eco-system due to the absence of green spaces, emission of greenhouse gases and the burial of oases by sand beside the global energy crisis. This promoted the Algerian government to set a national strategy towards the use of renewable sources to cover 40% of its energy needs by 2030. In thi...

This paper aims to asses and conduct a comparative analysis of fuel properties, performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil (B100) as a cheap biodiesel feedstock, along with a binary blend of biodiesel-diesel (B20) and ternary blends of biodie-sel-diesel-butanol as substitutions to diesel fuel....

The decreasing availability of fossil fuels and environmental issues associated with their use has placed a greater emphasis on biofuels production as a competent alternative source to produce energy in the current era. Production of biofuels from plant-based oil has a good prospect as a competent alternative to fossil fuels. The concept of utilizi...

Water shortage, public health and environmental protection are key motives to treat wastewater. The widespread adoption of wastewater as a resource depends upon development of an energy-efficient technology. Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology has gained increasing popularity due to their ability to offset the disadvantages of conventi...

This work deals for the first time with recycling a binary blend of waste cooking oil (WCO) and spent coffee grounds oil (SCGO) (50/50% by volume) into biodiesel. Additionally, this work aimed at valorizing both wastes while improving fatty acids composition to obtain a stabilized product due to low degree of unsaturation of SCGO besides, reducing...

This work deals for the first time with recycling a binary blend of waste cooking oil (WCO) and spent coffee grounds oil (SCGO) (50/50% by volume) into biodiesel. Additionally, this work aimed at valorizing both wastes while improving fatty acids composition to obtain a stabilized product due to low degree of unsaturation of SCGO besides, reducing...

Anaerobic digestion (AD) from organic waste has gained worldwide attention in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, lowering fossil fuel combustion, and facilitating a sustainable renewable energy supply. Biogas mainly consists of methane (CH4) (50–75%), carbon dioxide (CO2) (25–50%), hydrogen sulphides (H2S), hydrogen (H2), ammonia (NH3) (1–2%) and t...

The present work involves the investigation of biodiesel characteristics derived from rice bran oil via heterogeneous basic catalytic transesterification path as the rice husk contains about 16–20% of crude rice bran oil by its weight. Engine performance and emission characteristics of rice bran oil derived biodiesel blends during fueling a four-st...

In this study, waste cooking oil biodiesel was mixed with titanium dioxide (TiO2), a metal-based nano particle, and n-butanol (C ⁠4 H 9OH) along with euro diesel to examine their effects on diesel engines. Various ratio of fuel blends were prepared with TiO2 nano particles-diesel-biodiesel and n-butanol. The tests fuels were euro diesel (D100), bio...

Biodiesel has gained worldwide attention due to its renewable aspects. However, it needs more quality improvement. Recently, butanol has been considered as a favourable alternative fuel or additive over methanol and ethanol in CI engines. The present work deals with the evaluation of butanol-diesel-biodiesel blends as potential alternative fuels. B...

This study aims to figure out secondary uses of Acacia senegal var. senegal (family Leguminosae). The seeds were collected from El Obayed in Kordofan state, Sudan, during the season 2015-16. Solvent extraction technique was utilized to extract the oil from the A. senegal seeds. The oil content of these seeds was found to reach 20% w/w. The extracte...

Energy has become a crucial factor for humanity to continue the economic growth, social development and maintain high living standard especially after the inauguration of the industrial revolution in the late 18 th and early 19 th century in both the developing and developed economies. With the global population swelling and industrialization on th...

The present study intended to produce biodiesel as an efficient fuel from waste Phoenix dactylifera L. kernel oil in the presence of synthesized efficient heterogeneous metallic oxide catalyst (Mn@MgO-ZrO2). The performance of synthesized metallic oxide catalyst was evaluated based on biodiesel yield and the process has been optimized. The optimum...

Biodiesel as an alternative fuel is one of the best choices among other sources due to its immense potential to reduce pollutant emissions when used in compression ignition engines. Malaysia is considered one of the top biodiesel-producing countries. The main crop for biodiesel production is currently palm oil. However, Jatropha curcas has recently...

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) is widely farmed in Turkey. This study investigates the physicochemical properties of safflower biodiesel and its blends with Euro diesel and butanol. A polynomial curve-fitting method was used to predict kinematic viscosity and density of the ternary blends. Furthermore, characteristics such as DSC, FT-IR, UV-Vis a...

Implications: Coffee is a huge industry, and coffee has been widely used due to its refreshing properties. This industry generates large quantities of waste. Therefore, recycling of spent coffee grounds for producing alternative fuels and compounds of added value is crucial. Elemental analysis indicated that coffee waste can be utilized as compost...

The transesterification of croton megalocarpus oil with methanol to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was carried out using WO3 supported on silica mesoporous-macroparticles (WO3/SMP) as a heterogeneous acid catalyst. The silica mesoporous-macroparticles (SMP) and WO3/SMP were synthesized by sol-gel and impregnation method, respectively. The catalysts...

Biodiesel is a renewable, clean-burning diesel replacement that reduces the dependence on petroleum fuels, creating local jobs and improving the environment. Biodiesel can be synthesized from a diverse mix of feedstocks, such as waste cooking oil, soybean oil, animal fats, and Jatropha curcas. It can be used in existing diesel engines without modif...

Renewable biomass sources are the organic materials, in which the solar energy is stored in the bio-chemical bonds, and commonly contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen constituents along with tracer sulfur. Renewable biomass is now considered as an imperative energy resource and is applicable to meet up a range of energy requirements togethe...