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THE TEACHING OF COMMUNICATION: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE
... Pošiljalac je često i primalac poruke, a može biti poslato nekoliko poruka istovremeno, čak i međusobno protivrečnih. 3 Komunikacija je, takođe, društveni konstrukt. Između komunikacije i kulture postoji integralni proces u kome je komunikacija sastavni deo određene kulture. ...
... Namerno ili slučajno, stalno se šalje poruka -o osećanjima, namerama, percepcijama. 3 Zdravstvena komunikacija, zapravo, obuhvata sve aspekte humane komunikacije koji se odnose na zdravlje. 3 Definiše se kao bilo koji tip ljudske komunikacije čiji se sadržaj bavi zdravljem. ...
... 3 Zdravstvena komunikacija, zapravo, obuhvata sve aspekte humane komunikacije koji se odnose na zdravlje. 3 Definiše se kao bilo koji tip ljudske komunikacije čiji se sadržaj bavi zdravljem. Obuhvata, između ostalog, i naučnu komunikaciju između biomedicinskih istraživača, interakciju između osoba koje pružaju zdravstvene usluge, zatim dizajniranje i evaluaciju preventivnih zdravstvenih kampanja, kao i komunikaciju između lekara i pacijenta. ...
U zdravstvu je proteklih decenija veliki značaj dat dobrim interpersonalnim i komunikacionim veštinama kao jednim od ključnih osobina zdravstvenih radnika. Brojna istraživanja empirijskog karaktera su pratila uticaj koji interpersonalna komunikacija ima na ponašanje pacijenata, ishod lečenja i zadovoljstvo uslugom. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se prikaže zdravstvena komunikacija, kroz kratak osvrt na istraživanja usmerena na neverbalnu komunikaciju, u interakciji između lekara, kao zdravstvenog radnika i pacijenta, kao korisnika zdravstvenih usluga. Na osnovu uvida u dostupnu literaturu dat je pregled istraživanja usmerenih na neverbalnu komunikaciju u interakciji između lekara i pacijenta. Karakteristike neverbalnog ponašanja u interakciji, kao profesionalnom kontaktu između lekara i pacijenta, sagledane su sa aspekta zdravstvene komunikacije. Rezultati su potvrdili da je interpersonalna komunikacija lekara i pacijenta složena, dinamična i pod višestrukim uticajem čitavog spektra različitih faktora. Veštine neverbalne komunikacije lekara su povezane sa mnoštvom pozitivnih rezultata ishoda, kao što su zadovoljstvo pacijenta i lekara, viši nivoi pridržavanja terapijskih preporuka, poboljšani fiziološki pokazatelji i kontrola bolesti, poboljšanje fizičkog i mentalnog zdravlja i funkcionalnog statusa. Razumevanjem interpersonalne komunikacije u okviru dijade lekar–pacijent stvara se dobra osnova za unapređenje efektivnosti i podizanje kvaliteta zdravstvenih usluga.
Ključne reči: ponašanje; neverbalna komunikacija; medjuljudski odnosi; odnosi lekar-pacijent; zdravstveni radnici.
... Studies involving the media call attention to the use of new forms of technologies that can improve the quality of health of those who use these resources, as is the case with Internetbased media. According to Berry (2007), a substantial amount of health communication "takes place at a wider 1 Name of site 2 Date when data was collected 3 Date when information was posted on text page 4 Site is copyrighted 5 Breastfeeding is the site's main topic 6 If not, the site's main topic is 7 Country of origin (according to the site's domain) 8 Author/creator(s) of site's main page is mentioned 9 Author/creator(s) of site's main page 10 Author/creator(s) of text page is mentioned 11 Author/creator(s) of text page 12 Author/creator of the site's contact information 13 Author/creator of the text page's contact information 14 Site is sponsored 15 If yes, site is sponsored by 16 Target population of site 17 Resources used on text page for transmitting the specific information on breastfeeding 18 If there is an image in the text page, it is culturally suitable 19 Language of document 20 Authors present scientific references on text page 21 Text page is supportive of breastfeeding 22 Purpose/objective of site (If it is not stated, draw your own conclusions) 23 Main message/content/purpose of the text page 24 Unique characteristics of the site: 25 Does the text page conflict or agree with official documents related to breastfeeding? 26 When pictures and drawings are used, do they conflict or agree with official documents related to breastfeeding? 27 Is milk substitute advertisement included? Please explain. ...
... While it facilitates access to up-to-date information, it can also increase confusion and anxiety in patients, mainly when they find conflicting information and advice. Furthermore, information obtained on Internet sites does not have the guarantee that it is accurate or reliable (Berry, 2007). However, creativity and careful adherence to the content analytic fundamentals can respond to the complexity of the huge amount of information found on the Internet (Neuendorf, 2002). ...
The Internet offers a powerful network of information on breastfeeding that is used by doctors, patients, and scientists. The objective of this study is to describe the process of development of a data extraction tool to evaluate the content and quality of breastfeeding information on the Internet. Using a descriptive study method, we examined Internet pages to determine which variables needed to be measured in order to develop the data extraction tool. A purposive sampling of websites was selected to pilot test this tool. The developed data extraction tool has a descriptive structure to characterize websites and text pages. Using the developed tool, we can assess whether the information on text pages is supportive of breastfeeding and whether other strategies that protect breastfeeding are followed. The developed data extraction tool is a useful instrument that can assist researchers in evaluating the quality of information posted on the Internet related to breastfeeding.
... Discursive communities, hermeneutic circles, or linguistic groups share a similar sign language within which the members share enough experience with the referents to interpret the correct signified upon encountering the signifier. While many community members may have reached the level of linguistic ability to share signifiers (voice sounds, i.e., words) only those members that live within (or have access to) the same complexity of mindset (capacity for meaning-making) of the referent can share the signifieds, make the correct interpretations and participate meaningfully in the community's discourse (Leonard, 2011 prohibits him or her from attaining the requisite referent experience, then the sign language will not be appropriately interpreted and the hermeneutic circle will be compromised" (p. 5). ...
... But what happens when not all members share that worldspace, that kosmic address? AsLeonard (2011) states, "If a [community] member's Kosmic address An evolutionary perspective on mimesis ...
In this chapter we show how mimetic theory helps to explain the emergence of higher and more complex levels of consciousness in a number of aspects of human development. Classical notions of Goodness, Truth and Beauty are associated with different quadrants in Wilber's Integral framework which suggests that we take into account both individual and collective aspects of human experience, and that we attend to both the interior (reflective) and exterior (empirical) aspects of human discovery. Mimesis can be explored as a phenomenon in each of the resulting quadrants: individual-interior, individual-exterior, collective-interior, and collective-exterior.
... KEYWORDS communication, consultations, critical discourse analysis, gender equity INTRODUCTION A successful clinical practice depends on effective communication between health care staff and patients, which facilitates accurate diagnostics, treatment, and quality of care (Wynia & Osborn, 2010). Previous research has described communication as one of the most significant aspects of clinical care, because it affects the patients' overall experience of care, but also as the most problematic, because ineffective communication can result in clinical and social disadvantages (Ackerson & Viswanath, 2009;Berry, 2006;Szczepura et al., 2005). Tools such as standardized communication (Enlow et al., 2010;Haig, Sutton, & Whittington, 2006) and patient-centered care (The National Board of Health andWelfare, 2006, 2009) have been advocated to improve communication, quality of care, and to increase efficiency and decrease mistakes and errors. ...
... However, change is possible; new ways of communication can challenge discourses. According to Berry (2006), health care staff tends to use leading questions to make consultations more efficient, but combining this strategy with the idea of patient-centered care (The National Board of Health andWelfare, 2006, 2009) or patient-centered communication (Epstein et al., 2005), is not risk free. Patient-centeredness should ensure the respect of the individual patient's perspective in consultation settings. ...
... The "Health and Disability Commissioner (Code of Health and Disability Services Consumers' Rights) Regulations" (1996; hereafter called "The Code of Rights") Right 7(1) outlines that every person has the right to make an informed decision regarding the use of health care services. However, it is important to receive correct information to make informed decisions, and communication plays a vital role for sharing information effectively and appropriately (Berry, 2007). As Berry (2007) suggests, communication needs to be person-centered and informative. ...
... However, it is important to receive correct information to make informed decisions, and communication plays a vital role for sharing information effectively and appropriately (Berry, 2007). As Berry (2007) suggests, communication needs to be person-centered and informative. Importantly, culture and ethnicity can influence significantly how people communicate their health care needs. ...
... The paternalistic form is characterized by the relationship of the dominant doctor while the patient is passive, whereas consumerism is associated with the opposite (focus on the rights and obligations of the doctor to the patient). Finally, the form of mutualistic relationships is characterized by sharing in decision making, and often suggests the best type of relationship to understand each other (Berry D, 2007). Creating a good interpersonal relationship is a prerequisite for medical services. ...
One of the patient dissatisfaction problems in medical services is an ineffective communication between patients and doctors which impacts on subsequent visits. To increase the patient satisfaction level, the quality factors of a specialist doctors treatment are identified. This study used the cross sectional method with quantitative analytic to the questionnaire of primary respondents. Respondent population are 191 outpatients in specialist polyclinic unit with 66 samples. Sampling was done by non-random (non-probability) sampling with purposive sampling. Logistic regression was used to analyze the respondent's data. The results of the bivariate analysis showed good and satisfied results namely tangibles about 96.2%, responsiveness about 94.6%, empathy about 94.4%, control about 94.7%, trust about 81.2%, self-disclosure about 80.6%, and confirmation about 96.4%. While the results of multivariate analysis showed that there were only 5 variables that significantly affected patient satisfaction (p<0.05), namely the tangibles variable (OR=2.455), responsiveness (OR=4.573), empathy (OR=4.841), control (OR=3.970), and confirmation (OR=3.656). The highest result for bivariate was shown in the confirmation about 96.4% and for multivariate was on emphaty with OR value 4.841.
... A total of 4 elements have emerged from this extensive body of literature. The first element is the pervasive effort of theorizing health communication and putting it into practice [16][17][18][19][20][21]. The second element is the importance of cultural context for the planning and effectiveness of health communication interventions. ...
Background
The importance of effective communication during public health emergencies has been highlighted by the World Health Organization, and it has published guidelines for effective communication in such situations. With video being a popular medium, video communication has been a growing area of study over the past decades and is increasingly used across different sectors and disciplines, including health. Health-related video communication gained momentum during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and video was among the most frequently used modes of communication worldwide. However, although much research has been done regarding different characteristics of video content (the message) and its delivery (the messenger), there is a lack of knowledge about the role played by the characteristics of the recipients for the creation of effective communication.
Objective
The aim of this review is to identify how health video communication outcomes are shaped by recipient characteristics, as such characteristics might affect the effectiveness of communication. The main research question of the study is as follows: do the characteristics of the recipients of health videos affect the outcomes of the communication?
Methods
A scoping review describing the existing knowledge within the field was conducted. We searched for literature in 3 databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) and defined eligibility criteria based on the relevance to the research question. Recipient characteristics and health video communication outcomes were identified and classified.
Results
Of the 1040 documents initially identified, 128 (12.31%) met the criteria for full-text assessment, and 39 (3.75%) met the inclusion criteria. The included studies reported 56 recipient characteristics and 42 communication outcomes. The reported associations between characteristics and outcomes were identified, and the potential research opportunities were discussed. Contributions were made to theory development by amending the existing framework of the Integrated-Change model, which is an integrated model of motivational and behavioral change.
Conclusions
Although several recipient characteristics and health video communication outcomes were identified, there is a lack of robust empirical evidence on the association between them. Further research is needed to understand how the preceding characteristics of the recipients might affect the various outcomes of health video communication.
... "não interromper o paciente" e, no Q-COM-LIT, 66,7% dos médicos/as e 56,6% dos enfermeiros/as consideraram-se bons/boas em deixar o/a paciente falar sem interrupções (pergunta 11.2).Os profissionais dão muita importância ao saber ouvir, mas têm a noção que interrompem o paciente. A literatura mostra que, em média os pacientes são interrompidos 18 segundos depois de iniciarem a sua declaração(Nørgaard, 2011, p. 1) e só 23% completam a sua ideia sem serem interrompidos pelo profissional(Berry, 2007). Aspegren e Lønberg-Madsen (2005) referem-se às "microcapacidades de questionamento" (p. ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20901
The contribution of communication skills of doctors and nurses to health literacy: The ACP model - Assertiveness (A), Clarity (C) and Positivity (P) in the therapeutic relationship
Author name: Cristina Vaz de Almeida
Advisor: Professor Célia Belim (PHD)
Thesis specially developed to obtain the degree of Doctor in Communication Sciences
ABSTRACT
This research answers the question of how, in the therapeutic relationship, the communication skills of doctors and nurses, namely assertiveness, clarity of language and positivity, contribute to patient health literacy in relation to the understanding dimension.
The specific objectives are to understand how doctors and nurses value their communication skills, how they are perceived and used in the therapeutic relationship, and the importance given to the ACP model (assertiveness - clarity - positivity), used in an aggregate and interdependent manner to improve patient health literacy.
The research is based, epistemologically, on the interpretativist and functionalist current and, theoretically, on relational theory, the situational theory of the public, the theory of problem solving, the persuasion approach, the codification-decoding model and the cognitive social theory combined with the theory of planned behaviour.
The mixed method was used, which included the focus group, questionnaire survey (Q-COM-LIT), interview and qualitative content analysis techniques. The collection techniques involved 484 health professionals.
The results showed that the use of communication skills - assertiveness, clarity and positivity - facilitates the therapeutic relationship and health instructions, contributing significantly to increase patient understanding and compliance, and that communication skills are an indispensable condition to increase the quality of health care and patient health literacy. The analysis of main components combined with clusters has made it possible to reduce and aggregate 39 A-C-P indicators into seven dimensions. The value of the ACP model in the health dyad was highlighted as a recommended model for health communication and health literacy.
Key words: Health communication; Communication skills; health literacy; therapeutic relationship; ACP Model
... According to The Code of Rights, every person has the right to make an informed decision regarding the use of health care services. However, as Berry (Berry, 2007) argues, it is important to receive correct information to make informed decisions and communication plays a pivotal role in sharing information effectively. Furthermore, the Ottawa Charter (WHO, HWC and CPHA, 1986) emphasize a human rights approach in health care practice. ...
Refugees are forced to flee their native country to escape war or oppression. They are resilient and generally have a high level of motivation to rebuild their lives, as well as to make a meaningful contribution to the host country. However, refugees in general have complex health needs and they often face significant barriers in accessing health services in their host countries. Health promotion has been identified as an effective approach for increasing service utilization by minority populations such as refugees, and contributing to their overall positive health outcomes. This qualitative study examined the accessibility and acceptability of health promotion services for Bhutanese refugee women who resettled in New Zealand. The study consisted of two phases: focus group discussions with 32 Bhutanese women and eight Bhutanese men, followed by individual interviews with 12 health professionals including five nurses, four doctors and three midwives. The data were collected in two regional towns of New Zealand in 2014. The study's conceptual framework utilized the strategies and actions underpinning the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. Findings of this study revealed that Bhutanese women were missing some essential health promotion services, such as antenatal education sessions mainly due to language and cultural barriers. This study recommends to develop health promotion resources in the Nepali language; and to deliver the health promotion sessions by culturally and linguistically competent providers. This study also uncovered resiliency and strengths of Bhutanese women that could be recognized, strengthened and utilized in promoting their health and well-being.
... Even though it is not implicitly mentioned at this point, it later also started to take environmental and cultural parameters into account (Ewles & Simnett, 2003). Moreover, it is worth mentioning that the influence of lifestyle factors and social aspects is not only emphasized by the WHO but also by a variety of other authors (Berry, 2007;Schiavo, 2007;Tones & Tilford, 2001). A group of authors explicitly referring to social factors are Stokes, Noren, and Shindell (1982, p. 34), who perceive health as "a state characterized by anatomic, physiologic, and psychological integrity; ability to perform personally valued family, work, and community roles; ability to deal with physical, biological, psychological, and social stress." ...
Digital health technologies are driving change toward a more individually centered, self-responsible, and empowered healthcare (Banos et al., 2016). With a mHealth market share of 6.7%, mHealth offers a vast array of applicability, e.g., remote monitoring, diagnosing symptoms, consulting doctors, and complying with treatment regimes (Statista, 2017d). mHealth, thus, benefits individuals, the healthcare system, holding the potential to reduce healthcare costs, doctor consultations, examinations, and the length of hospital stays (Statista, 2017c). The present investigation will look at theories and studies dealing with mHealth in both developed and developing countries to carve out the potential for stakeholders with diverse interests, also paying attention to previously identified research gaps regarding the usability, design, and acceptance of mHealth services (Hether et al., 2016). This research article will conclude by highlighting existing theoretical research in mHealth as well as future research agendas in the mHealth context.
... Organizational culture is seen as an integral part of corporate identity and an input factor for communication practices [5]. Shared cultural rituals and routines shape implicit patterns of communication that enable effective exchange of information in the sense of what is told is understood correctly. ...
... Interpersonal communication as the exchange of meaning between individuals through a common system of symbols, emotions, thoughts and knowledge is transferred throughout the process of sharing of ideas, feelings, thoughts and messages with others on mutual basis (Yildiz, 2012;Ojomo, 2004;Ifidon and Ugwuanyi, 2013). Interpersonal communication could also be defined as a means by which two or more people interact, send and receive information or a process of using language and non-verbal cues to send and receive messages between individuals that are intended to arouse particular kinds of meaning (DeFleur and Dennis, 2002). ...
The study dwells on application of interpersonal communication in reference and information services in university libraries. Four research questions in line with the objective of the study were formulated to guide the study. The study adopted descriptive survey research design with the total population of 1,116. The sample size of the study was 330 students while 16 reference staff were studied without sampling due to their manageable size. Data was collected using questionnaire. A total number of 346 copies of questionnaire distributed were correctly filled and returned by the respondents who comprised entire reference staff, postgraduates and undergraduates’ library users of university of Nigeria, Nsukka; Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike and Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Data were analyzed using mean scores. Result shows that face to face communication, simplified language, customer relations were among the major interpersonal communication patterns in reference services in university libraries. It was found that interpersonal communication to a great extent contributes to effective reference and information services in university libraries by making exchange of message easier, and enhancing understanding of users information needs. Major hindrances to effective application of interpersonal communication in reference and information services include inability to frame queries correctly, lack of adequate listening skills, stereotype and interiority complex of librarians, etc. Strategies for enhancing interpersonal communication include carefully listening, right framing of reference queries and many more. The study recommended effective user education program while reference staff should be well educated to be able to communicate effectively with users of different background.
... There are many other possible uses of translation, of course. An important one is the "sandwich" method proposed by Dodson (1967Dodson ( /1972 and picked up in Germany by Wolfgang Butzkamm (1980): spoken initial translations of utterances are repeated in an L2/L1/L2 "sandwich", and then replaced by use of L2. My point here is only to insist that the translations used in language teaching are not, and have never been, just one thing. ...
Recent interest in the role of translation in language teaching calls for dialogue between the disciplines of Translation Studies and Language Education. In framing this dialogue, translation scholars would do well to avoid assuming superiority or special knowledge; they would instead do well to reflect on the history of their own discipline, particularly the opposition to language departments that can be found in some countries in the 1980s and 1990s. In politically turning away from language learning, translation scholars left the education field open for unopposed implantation of immersion and communicative teaching methods that ideologically shunned translation. Further, in framing their major internal debates in terms of binary categories, usually involving a good translation method opposed to a bad one, translation scholars themselves all but abandoned the non-binary pedagogical models that once included many types of translation solutions. Those non-binary models should now be investigated anew in order to rebrand translation for the language-education community. In so doing, however, translation scholars may need to break the unspoken pact that they have developed with the translation professions. They should instead adopt a view where everyone can translate, not just professionals, and everyone can be trained to translate better.
... They also demonstrate the relationship between online health information seeking and patient-provider communication. General strategies for effective communication with patients, particularly taking patient concerns seriously and developing an ongoing dialogue with patients is advice that is often repeated in the literature (e.g., Berry, 2006) that corroborates some of the findings presented here. Moreover, many participants feel that interactions with providers specifically regarding the communication of treatment options could be improved. ...
This manuscript analyzes the role that patient-provider communication has in shaping online health information seeking in patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease [CKD]. Data were collected and analyzed over two years using grounded theory methods; the findings presented in this manuscript are a subset of the results from this larger study. Twelve participants, all diagnosed with CKD, were each interviewed twice for a total of 24 interviews; the posts they made to three different online support groups were also harvested. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method until theoretical saturation was reached. There are multiple factors related to patient-provider communication that influence online health information seeking, including dismissive responses from providers, the type of information need, time pressure, information overload, the healthcare system, and the desire to verify or crosscheck information by consulting multiple sources. These results highlight the importance of effective communication between people diagnosed with CKD and their healthcare providers, as these interactions impact online health information behavior. In particular, providers should foster an open attitude towards online health information seeking; they should also encourage patients to verify information found online.
... The fourth challenge that the Center faces is being the sum of many moving parts, which results, in limitations in unifying their efforts. Unification is established by creating internal agreement and focus, an overarching congruity and consonance among clinicians and patients; it is created by perpetual rules and norms and the achievement of desired outcomes (Berry, 2007;Irving & Dickson, 2004). Without it, "disconnectedness" arises, as well as a general "sense of confusion" for individuals in the Center. ...
A shift has occurred in the provision of health care to include a focus not just on biology and disease but also on the whole person, preventative care, and an array of healing modalities based on systems of beliefs and values not typically included within biomedical practice. This approach to health care, termed integrative medicine (IM), blends biomedicine with a broader understanding of patients and their illnesses, including elements of mind, body, and spirit that may be contributing to an ailment. While the use of integrative medicine has increased and centers for integrative medicine have proliferated within conventional health care organizations, distinct tensions arise from this amalgamation. The tensions between IM and biomedical clinicians often center on their differing training and philosophies, as well as on a larger system of health care that privileges biomedicine. As a result, this research is designed to explore the challenges IM clinicians face in collaborating with conventional practitioners to provide patient care. Analysis of interviews with 14 clinicians at one center for integrative medicine revealed four specific challenges they face in their attempt to co-practice IM with conventional medicine. The four challenges include (a) challenges to collaboration, (b) challenges to legitimacy, (c) challenges to consistency, and (d) challenges to unification. Future research should investigate the ways in which these challenges can be addressed so that collaboration throughout the system is facilitated. The professional training of clinicians, the structuring and institutionalization of integrative medicine, and enhanced systems for communicating patient information all play a significant role in this transformation.
... Another area that has been widely researched in regard to patients (Davidson & Mills, 2005;Gilbar & Zusman, 2007;Ong, Visser, Lammes, & de Haes, 2000;Fletcher, Dodd, Schumacher, & Miaskowski, 2008), but largely neglected in regard to carers is the relationship with health care professionals; in particular, the level of satisfaction with information and communication with medical personnel. Patients' positive experience of the relationship with health care professionals has been shown to lead to better mental health, quality of life, adherence to medication, and even to faster recovery (Berry, 2007); it seems plausible that caregivers may experience similar outcomes. ...
This study explored the role of time since diagnosis and whether the care recipient was a child, a parent, or a spouse, on caregiver’s perceptions of the caring role, with a group of 269 female cancer caregivers. Questionnaire measures were used to explore psychological and social resources and psychological distress. Analysis of variance and hierarchical multiple regression were used and identified significant effects of time since diagnosis and care recipient. This study concludes that a more tailored approach to understanding the needs of caregivers is required particularly in terms of time since diagnosis and care recipient, in order to provide more effective support.
... We cannot go into these techniques here. The principle of communication implies that whatever else the teacher does, whether he makes skillful use of the mother tongue or not, whether he explains a grammatical point or chooses to ignore it etc., he must make Sure that in every lesson there are opportunities for his children to use the new language as a tool for something other than language, as a means of achieving something else and not as an end in itself (Butzkamm/Dodson 1980). ...
... Situations that prevent full communication should therefore be avoided. As Butzkamm and Dodson (1980:296) point out: " A situation where pupils are desk-bound and are required to utter teacher-directed responses can only lead to the exclusion of paralinguistic behavior in both pupils and teachers. " In any normal communicative setting, we use all available means to communicate, and to limit the use of any of those means will limit our communicative competence and force overdependence on certain channels: " Eliminating the visual modality creates an unnatural condition which strains the auditory receptors to capacity " (von Raffler-Engel 1980:235). ...
This article examines the importance of paralanguage (kinesics, proxemics, and paraverbal features) in communication. Gestures, facial expressions, interfactional synchrony, eye contact, use of space, touching, aspects of voice modification, and silence are shown to play a crucial role in human interaction and to be highly culture-specific. The implications of this broad paradigm of communication are discussed with respect to language development, and it is suggested that paralanguage be included as a primary facet of communicative competence. Finally, the importance of awareness of paralanguage in the classroom is discussed, and a number of suggestions are made to facilitate students' acquisition of paralanguage.
... Interprofessional collaboration has many advantages, e.g. improved patient safety and reduced mortality rates (Morey et al. 2002;Mann et al. 2006), improved satisfaction (Lefebvre et al. 2007) and reduced tensions and conflicts among health professionals (Berry 2007). Furthermore, it has been established that collaborative practice is more effective when there are opportunities for shared decision-making and routine team meetings that enable health care workers to decide on common goals and patient management plans, balance their individual and shared tasks and negotiate shared resources (World Health Organization 2010). ...
Background:
Interprofessional collaboration potentially enhances patient safety and satisfaction, and reduces tensions and conflicts among health professionals. However, health professionals often lack sufficient knowledge of other professional roles and competences to engage in interprofessional teamwork. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an interprofessional training programme on students' perceived self-efficacy.
Methods:
A quasi-experimental study with an intervention group (239 students) and a control group (405 students). The intervention was an interprofessional clinical study (ICS) unit including students from nursing, medicine, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, laboratory technology and radiography. Data on students' perceived self-efficacy were collected through web-based questionnaires. Aspects of self-efficacy measured were: (1) collaboration with other professions in planning goals and actions for patients; (2) collaboration with other professions for rehabilitation; (3) identifying the functions of other professions and (4) assessing and describing patients' needs and problems.
Results:
All scores of perceived self-efficacy for the ICS group improved over time although one score change was non-significant (p = 0.08). After adjustment for baseline differences and the score change for the control group, the ICS group's self-efficacy score gain remained statistically significant.
Conclusion:
The study showed that interprofessional training improved students' perception of self-efficacy more than traditional clinical training.
... Hence protocols remain useful to guide the healthcare professionals as an aide memoir, providing reference points, when needed, whilst retaining what Berry succinctly describes as 'human understanding'. 9 How bad news is delivered can have a huge impact on how well the patient receives the news; subsequently copes with its aftermath; and retains a sense of personal autonomy within their palliative care journey. It can also influence family dynamics and impact on the health professional delivering the news, causing them to critically reflect on the process, considering what went well or not so well in each case. ...
... Attitudinal differences toward IPE may be due to different work cultures. Diminished interprofessional interaction may be more typical of traditional medical settings, e.g. a surgical ward (Berry, 2007), and cultural differences between nurses and doctors have previously been described (Curran, Deacon, & Fleet, 2005;Mannahan, 2010). ...
This article presents results from an organizational evaluation of an interprofessional clinical study unit (ICS) in Denmark. The aim of this study was to test whether the ICS was based on a durable organizational concept and to identify the prerequisites for the unit to be successful. The evaluation framework was "theory-based evaluation". A program theory was developed based on the concepts and expectations of the steering committee which initiated and designed the ICS. The program theory was tested for conflicts of interest among the stakeholders related to the ICS regarding prerequisites for the study unit to function organizationally. Further analysis examined whether these conditions had been present during the project period and whether all elements had been correctly implemented. The results suggested that although the ICS had taken into account stakeholders' requests, it was not possible to fully implement all the necessary conditions identified as essential for the unit to function successfully. The results generate a set of recommendations for future ICS units to function successfully.
During a crisis, clear and direct communication gives assurance that the government is adept in handling a crisis. Having effective operating procedures ensures smooth implementation of crisis communications. This gives the public confidence and trust in the government and its initiatives-where a lack thereof threatens public compliancy and support. This paper's primary objective is to assess Malaysia's current operating procedures in Crisis Communications during the COVID-19 Pandemic to ascertain the cause for the issues that have arisen. This study also examines existing procedures and guidelines on how the government communicates internally (between ministries and agencies) and externally to the public during a crisis; and assesses how current crisis communications has affected public sentiment. Data collection for this research was conducted through a series of interviews with stakeholders from the government, experts in the private sector and surveys which gathered the public sentiment on the topic. Results show that despite evidence of operating procedures, political interference alongside coordination issues between government agencies is one of the main causes of disruption in Malaysia's current Crisis Communications. This has also affected public perception and trust, thus contributing to lower public compliance of COVID-19 SOPs. This study concludes by identifying the gaps while providing both short term and long-term recommendations among which is ensuring clear, concise, coherent, consistent, and credible messaging. All the above promotes a better whole of government coordination to improve its communications to the public, particularly during a crisis.
This study aims to analyse the visual and graphical elements used in health communication during the coronavirus pandemic, with the purpose of identifying its characteristics at a global level and understanding the impact and efficacy of the materials in COVID-19 prevention and risk mitigation. A total of 264 materials have been examined and submitted to a coding system with variables regarding the message and graphic representations in the information presented about coronavirus by the health departments and ministries of ten countries. The results show that health communication should walk alongside visual communication, particularly when communicating risks during public health emergencies once that materials combining both text and pictures have been highlighted as the greatest in improving understanding and comprehension.
Many cancers are linked to varying degrees with common lifestyle factors such as smoking, drinking and diet, and are therefore partially preventable. Building on existing risk perception literature, this article uses the case of red meat consumption to examine the effect of people’s attitudes and attitude ambivalence on health risk perceptions where there is some uncertainty about the risk. Data was obtained from an opportunity sample of community-dwelling adults (n = 167) using an online survey. The survey included information from a recent press release on the cancer risk associated with red meat consumption (‘probably carcinogenic’) as well as measures of attitude to red meat, attitude ambivalence, ambiguity aversion, information evaluation and acceptance of cancer risk. Participants who were more inclined to accept the risk of cancer linked to red meat tended to have a more negative attitude to red meat, higher attitude ambivalence, more favourable evaluation of the information provided, lower ambiguity aversion and lower red meat consumption; they also tended to be of older age. Attitude was a weaker predictor of risk perception among participants who were highly ambivalent. This, coupled with the finding that people with an ambivalent attitude to red meat evaluated the risk information more favourably and were more convinced that red meat can cause cancer, suggests that attitude ambivalence may play a more important role in risk perception than previously thought. These findings are discussed in the context of strategies for dealing with risk when drawing on rational and non-rational logics of handling evidence.
CULTIVATION OF CADRE ROLE IN IMPROVING COMMUNITY HEALTH LITERATION IN CIMANGGU VILLAGE OF BANDUNG BARAT DISTRICT.
Community Service Activities has the objective to produce outcomes, namely: 1) Providing concrete knowledge and insight on the counseling of the role of cadres in improving public health literacy in the village Cimanggu, Bandung Barat District; 2) Provide an understanding of the importance of the role of cadres in improving the public health literacy in Cimanggu village, District of Bandung Barat. The method of PKM implementation conducted in this training activity is method of lecture method; Group discussion methods; and video playback methods. The conclusions of this PKM activity are: (1) As a benchmark for Kader members in Cimanggu village to be able to increase public health literacy for better village development; (2) Awakening PKM participants on the importance of the role of Cadres in improving public health literacy; (3) Increasing awareness of PKM participants on the importance of increasing public health literacy in order to support the successful development of Cimanggu village.
The present study aims to investigate the development of temporal and aspectual distinctions in third language (L3) acquisition of Italian. The conceptualisation of tense-aspect distinctions is seen as a component of the L3 grammatical competence, defined as “knowledge of, and ability to use, the grammatical resources of a language” (Council of Europe, 2001, p. 112).
The questions being looked into are how the tense-aspect system develops in the interlanguage and how the acquisition process is shaped by factors such as the lexical aspectual value of the predicates and discourse grounding.
Bu çalışmada, hastanede hasta ve hasta yakınları ile sağlık personeli ilişkisinde ortaya çıkan iletişim problemlerinin sebeplerinin ortaya konması ve bu problemlere çözüm önerisi niteliği taşıyan bir model ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Gaziantep Üniversitesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesinde hasta ve hasta yakınlarıyla iletişimi sağlamak amacıyla oluşturulan biriminde görevli din görevlisi, hemşire ve psikologla görüşmeler yapılmış, elde edilen veriler temellendirilmiş kuram çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda çekirdek kavram olarak bilgi, iletişim problemlerinin kaynağında "bilgi öğrenme isteği", birimin amacında "bilgi verme" ve çözüm stratejisinde ise "bilgi alışverişi" olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca birimin iletişim problemlerinde çözüm stratejileri olarak hasta ve hasta yakınlarının bulunduğu ortamın değiştirilmesi, bireysel özelliklerinin tespit edilmesi ve etkili bir iletişim becerisinin yer aldığı belirlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sağlık iletişimi, bilgi alışverişi, temellendirilmiş kuram, hasta sağlık personeli iletişimi Abstract In this study, it was aimed to present a model as a solving offer for the reasons of the communication problems among the patient, patient's relatives and healthcare professionals at the hospitals. In accordance with this purpose, we had interviews with the personnel who are religious official, nurse and psychologist in the department which is to communicate with the patients and the patient's relatives at Gaziantep University Research and Application Hospital. The data was analyzed within the scope of grounded theory. At the end of the study central notion is information, root of the communication problems is " wish to learn information " , the objective of the department is " edification " and analysis strategy is " information exchange ". Besides, among the communication problems of the department; changing the environment of the patient and patient's relatives, determining the personal characteristics and effective communication skill were found as analysis strategies.
Since clinical encounter between patient and healthcare provider is the first step in the diagnosis and treatment procedure, a satisfactory contact is essential. Ingredients that are necessary for an adequate encounter are often highlighted and professional and caring attitudes and empathy are frequently mentioned in this context. The caring attitude, humanity, implies a talent to bring about respect and esteem to the patient. The patient has usually less power than the provider and is dependent on the knowledge and competence of a staff member. A trustful cooperation needs to be aimed at and the self-esteem of the patient must not be diminished. The caring attitude also involves common civility like greeting each other in an equal way, introducing oneself properly, taking time and not interrupting unnecessarily. Empathy means the capacity to identify and understand another person's situation, feelings, and motives and then be led by these feelings in caring for the patient. Empathy is a core element in a good encounter, and intellectual components must also be integrated into the process. Time is one of the most significant problem areas in the clinical communication consultation. Thus, lack of time might force the healthcare provider to shorten the patient interview, resulting in stress and incomplete information exchange.
Objective: To determine the new roles that physicians will adopt in the near future to adjust to accelerating trends from managed care to outcome-based practice to health care reform to health information technology to the evolving role of health consumers. Methods: Trends and related developments concerning the changing roles of physicians based on prior literature reviews. Results: Six possible roles, traditional, gatekeeper, coach, navigator, informatician and one voice among many, are discussed in terms of physician's centrality, patient autonomy, decision-making and uncertainty, information seeking, satisfaction and outcomes, particularly those related to compliance. Conclusion: A greater understanding of these emerging roles could lead to more efficacious outcomes in our ever changing, increasingly complex medical system. Patients often have little understanding of emerging trends that lead to the development of specialized roles such as hospitalist and navigators and, relatedly, the evolving roles of physicians.
Carl Dodson has, over a period of four decades, refined, expounded and trialled a carefully sequenced methodology for second‐language learning which he denominates the Bilingual Method. In this paper, analysis of the theoretical and experiential support for the methodology is undertaken. The framework of the methodology is first outlined using illustration from two application contexts, secondary and infants lesson cycles, which were developed as part of the two projects in Welsh bilingualism. This is followed by a review of the support for three major tenets underpinning the methodology: the goal of balanced bilingualism; differentiation between L1 and L2 learning processes; systematic provision for fluctuation between medium‐ and message‐orientated communication activities. Finally, support for the methodology itself and its principal elements is analysed. Particular focus is placed on the findings of allied research methodologists, such as Baetens Beardsmore, Jim Cummins and their various associates.
Current applied and sociolinguistic research and theory, which reveal the naturalness of language variation and the productive aspects of error-making, seriously challenge traditional L2 practices and postulates. The problem centers around the practicability and validity of absolute grammatical conformity in a non-native language. Attitudes towards the eradication of L2 ‘deviancy’ in the classroom must be renounced, and students' institutional interaction with the teacher restructured, if a realistic and efficient learning situation is to emerge.
