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Prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) markers among control subjects and by cancer subsite. CON control subjects; BOT base of the tongue; TON other parts of the tongue; GUM gum; FLO floor of the mouth; PAL palate; MOU mouth; TNS tonsil; ORO oropharynx. Bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. Estimates presented for each of the markers are based on all subjects tested for that marker. The number of subjects tested was particularly limited for HPV DNA in cells. A) Prevalence of HPV DNA detection in biopsy specimens by cancer subsite (specimens not available from control subjects). B) Prevalence of HPV DNA detection in exfoliated cells among control subjects and by cancer subsite. C) Prevalence of antibodies against HPV16 L1 virus-like particles among control subjects and by cancer subsite. D) Prevalence of antibodies against HPV16 E6 or E7 among control subjects and by cancer subsite.
Source publication
Human papillomavirus (HPV), the causal agent of cervical cancer, appears to be involved in the etiology of cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx. To investigate these associations, we conducted a multicenter case-control study of cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx in nine countries.
We recruited 1670 case patients (1415 with cancer of the...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... prevalence of the different HPV markers (HPV DNA in biopsy specimens from cancer patients, HPV DNA in cells, and antibodies against HPV16 L1, E6, and E7 from case patients and control subjects) by topographic site of the primary tumor is shown in Fig. 1. The tonsil was the site with the highest prev- alence of all markers, followed in most instances by the oro- pharynx. Control subjects had among the lowest positivities for most markers, except HPV DNA in exfoliated cells, which was somewhat more common in control subjects than in case patients with tumors of several oral cavity ...
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Background
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Citations
... These malignancies occur most often in the tongue, tonsils, oropharynx, gums, floor, and other parts of the mouth. The most common risk factors for OPC are oral infection with high-risk Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) (Herrero, 2003;Smith et al., 2004), history of heavy smoking and alcohol use (Hayes et al., 1999;Mashberg, Boffetta, Winkelman, & Garfinkel, 1993), low intake of fruits and vegetables (Kreimer et al., 2006), drinking "maté" (Goldenberg, 2002), chewing "betel quid or gutka" (Ho, Ko, Yang, Shieh, & Tsai, 2002), older age (Hussein et al., 2017), UV light (lip cancer) (Grant, 2014), weakened immune system (Gillison, 2009), and periodontitis (Ortiz et al., 2018). Other controversial risk factors that have been suggested in the literature include use of mouthwash with high alcohol content and poor oral hygiene practices (Gandini, Negri, Boffetta, La Vecchia, & Boyle, 2012). ...
Background:
Oral and pharyngeal cancer (OPC) is a frequent type of cancer in Puerto Rico, with the risk being higher in men relative to women. We assessed differences in OPC risk factors implicated in these sex disparities.
Methods:
We analyzed data of 740 adult participants (40-65 years) from the San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study (SOALS). A comprehensive questionnaire was administered to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics, cigarette smoking, binge drinking, oral high-risk HPV infection, fruit and vegetable consumption, sexual behavior, and oral hygiene practices. A full-mouth periodontal examination was also performed. Sixteen OPC known and potential risk factors were evaluated. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) estimates for individual OPC risk factors, by sex, were calculated using log-binomial regression.
Results:
Compared to women, men had significantly increased prevalence of several OPC risk factors including current smoking (PR: 1.91, 95% Confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-2.70), binge drinking (PR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.31-2.84), and severe periodontitis (PR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.47-2.85).
Conclusions:
Men were significantly more likely than women to have risk factors for OPC. Cancer prevention and control efforts should focus on sex-specific interventions that help reduce this disparity.
... HPV is a small double-stranded DNA virus that can cause squamous epithelium proliferation in human skin mucosa and is closely related to the occurrence of numerous tumours. HPV is reported to be a necessary causative factor for cervical and anal-genital tumours (such as anal cancer, penile cancer and vulvar cancer) (16). However, the mechanism of HPV in cell transformation is still unclear. ...
Background:
Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours in humans. A series of esophageal cancer cell lines are accompanied by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, but the mechanism behind HPV in cancer malignancy is not clear.
Methods:
This research was conducted in different generations of HPV E6E7 gene-induced human foetal esophageal epithelial immortalised cells (Shantou Human Embryonic Esophageal Epithelial cell line; SHEE); the RNA sequencing transcriptomic analysis was performed to explore the mechanism of HPV infection in these cell lines.
Results:
The results showed that there are 9,990 differential genes in late-stage cells compared with HPV18 E6E7-infected early foetal esophageal epithelial immortalised cells. Among these, 4,882 genes are upregulated, and 5,108 genes are downregulated. We used bioinformatics to analyze the expression and function of aberrantly expressed lncRNA, miRNA, mRNA and construct the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and protein protein interaction (PPI) network.
Conclusions:
we predicted TP53TG1 promotes to malignant transformation of SHEEs by acting as a ceRNA to competitively bind to miR-6835 and regulate IGF2 expression. We also predicted IL6 serve as prognostic biomarkers and therapy target. With these results maybe provides new insights into the mechanisms of HPV carcinogenesis in esophageal cancer.
... HPV associated tumours tend to occur in younger individuals and where the usual risk factors of alcohol and tobacco is lacking. 14 Given that the incidence rates for OPSCC continue to increase dramatically, largely among men in several countries, there is an argument as to whether this constitutes an 'epidemic' . 15 It has also been said that prophylactic HPV vaccine, while it holds considerable promise in reversing these trends, will only happen to occur after 2060! ...
This article describes the current status and the innovative techniques used in the prosthodontic management of head and cancer patients who have undergone surgical, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy.
... Candida albicans has been reported to have a higher prevalence in patients with OSCCs and leukoplakia. Infections by P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum have been proven to cause cancer through pathways of MMP9 and upregulation of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 ( Herrero et al., 2003;Whitmore and Lamont, 2014;Jahanshahi and Shirani, 2015). However, the understanding of the relationship between the shift in oral microbiota and OSCC pathogenesis is still not fully established ( Hu et al., 2016). ...
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is affected by the interaction between oral pathogen and holobionts, or the combination of the host and its microbial communities. Studies have indicated the structure and feature of the microbiome in OSCC tissue and saliva, the relationships between microbiota and OSCC sites, stages remain unclear. In the present study, OSCC tissue (T), saliva (S) and mouthwash (W) samples were collected from the same subjects and carried out the microbiome study by 16S sequencing. The results showed the T group was significantly different from the S and W groups with the character of lower richness and diversity. Proteobacteria were most enriched in the T group at the phylum level, while Firmicutes were predominant in groups S and W. At the genus level, the predominant taxa of group T were Acinetobacter and Fusobacterium, and for group S and W, the predominant taxa were Streptococcus and Prevotella. The genera related to late stage tumors were Acinetobacter and Fusobacterium, suggesting microbiota may be implicated in OSCC developing. Both compositional and functional analyses indicated that microbes in tumor tissue were potential indicator for the initiation and development of OSCC.
... HPV associated tumours tend to occur in younger individuals and where the usual risk factors of alcohol and tobacco is lacking. 14 Given that the incidence rates for OPSCC continue to increase dramatically, largely among men in several countries, there is an argument as to whether this constitutes an 'epidemic' . 15 It has also been said that prophylactic HPV vaccine, while it holds considerable promise in reversing these trends, will only happen to occur after 2060! ...
'The face is the mirror of the mind', so said St Jerome. Patients affected by head and neck cancer have to deal not only with the effects of the disease but also with the effects of the treatment for the disease. This is one cancer which is literally and figuratively 'in your face'! And it is a disease which is difficult to hide. This article attempts to summarise head and neck cancer and its treatment modalities as well as the effects of treatment and the defects it creates. It will also attempt to explore and elaborate on the novel prosthodontic management techniques in advanced jaw reconstruction and extraoral anatomical defects. The concept of functional assessment and rehabilitation in head and neck cancer patient management will also be briefly explained.
... In recent reports, the human papillomavirus (HPV) has been shown to be a major causative factor in certain oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma affecting mainly young age groups with the other known risk factor attributed to oral sex [17,18]. Fortunately, Sub-Saharan African countries including Uganda have initiated HPV vaccination for cervical cancer, targeting young females before sexual exposure and hopefully protecting them against HPV oral/ oropharyngeal cancers as well. ...
Purpose–:
The purpose of this paper is to assess the levels of awareness and knowledge about oral cancer, its causes and or risk factors among Ugandan patients seeking oral healthcare.
Design/methodology/approach–:
This was a cross-sectional study on adult patients who attended a free dental camp. An assistant-administered questionnaire either in English or Luganda was provided to every even-numbered registered adult who consented to participate in the study. Information on demographics and known risk factors for oral cancer were captured. The two knowledge questions on oral cancers were scored by adding up all the correctly identified causes, non-causes and risk factors then scored out of the total. Data analysis was done by calculating proportions, Student's' t-tests and χ2 tests with significant p-value set at 0.05.
Findings–:
The results showed a low level of awareness/knowledge about oral cancer in studied population. In total, 60 percent and less than 50 percent of respondents identified smoking and alcohol use as risk factors for oral cancer, respectively. Majority of respondents (88.8 percent) would seek help from medical personnel if diagnosed with oral cancer. Screening for cancer was low despite awareness and knowledge that it improves the chances of successful treatment.
Research limitations/implications–:
Emphasis on risk factors including alcohol use in public health messages, use of mass media, religious and community leaders to disseminate messages to the communities and further research were recommended.
Practical implications–:
We need to emphasize the role of alcohol in oral cancer causation just as we do for tobacco consumption.
Originality/value–:
No study has been conducted in Uganda on the level of awareness yet the incidence of the disease and use of high-risk products are rising.
... These data were collected between the years of 1999 and 2001, which was before the discovery of the significant difference in survival between HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNC tumors (26), and thus HPV data was not collected as part of this study. Smoking and alcohol consumption are the main risk factors for non-oropharyngeal HNC tumors, and apart from tumors of the oropharynx, most HNCs are HPV-negative (27,28). The marked improvement of in the survival of patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal tumors was not observed in this study (data not shown), suggesting that these tumors are likely to be HPV-negative and therefore mostly explained by the high prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption in this cohort (27,28). ...
... Smoking and alcohol consumption are the main risk factors for non-oropharyngeal HNC tumors, and apart from tumors of the oropharynx, most HNCs are HPV-negative (27,28). The marked improvement of in the survival of patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal tumors was not observed in this study (data not shown), suggesting that these tumors are likely to be HPV-negative and therefore mostly explained by the high prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption in this cohort (27,28). HPV status, smoking behavior and alcohol consumption are three independent risk factors of survival (29,30), and therefore we believe that the majority of cancers in this study are smoking and alcohol related and thus we believe that our findings are relevant despite missing HPV data. ...
Background: Socioeconomic inequalities impact on the survival of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, but there is limited understanding of the explanations of the inequality, particularly in long-term survival.
Methods: Patients were recruited from the Scottish Audit of Head and Neck Cancer between 1999 and 2001 and were linked to mortality data as at 30th September 2013. Socioeconomic status was determined using the area-based Carstairs 2001 index. Overall and disease-specific survival were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method with 95% confidence intervals (CI's) at 1-, 5-, and 12-years. Net survival at 1-, 5-, and 12-years was also computed with 95% CIs. Cox proportional hazard models with 95% CIs were used to determine the explanations for the inequality in survival by all-cause mortality and disease-specific mortality with 95% CIs.
Results: Most patients were from the most deprived group, and were more likely to smoke, drink, have cancer of a higher stage and have a lower WHO Performance Status. A clear gradient across Carstairs fifths for unadjusted overall and disease-specific survival was observed at 1-, 5-, and 12-years for patients with HNC. Following the adjustment for multiple patient, tumor and treatment factors, the inequality in survival for patients with HNC had attenuated and was no longer statistically significant at 1-, 5-, and 12-years.
Conclusion: A clear gradient across Carstairs fifths for unadjusted overall, disease-specific and net survival was observed at 1-, 5-, and 12-years for HNC patients in Scotland from 1999 to 2001. This study concludes that explanations for the inequality in the survival of patients with HNC are not straightforward, and that many factors including various patient, tumor and treatment factors play a part in the inequality in the survival of patients with HNC.
... [13,14] In contrast, the HPV prevalence has been reported in tobacco chewers and smokers but a lower rate. [15] Some studies have not found any association between HPV and tobacco associated habits suggesting that these acted as independent factors in the pathogenesis of cancer. [16] Tobacco had an additive effect and that alcohol consumption had a synergistic effect with HPV positive cancers. ...
Oral cancer ranks third among all cancers in the Indian population. Human papilloma virus (HPV) plays a significant role in oral carcinogenesis. Population-based subtype variations are present in the HPV prevalence. This study gives an emphasis on the parameters to be considered in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based research work.
Cross-sectional study on archival paraffin-embedded tissue samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), epithelial dysplasia, and normal oral mucosa surrounding impacted tooth was amplified by PCR for the E6 gene of HPV type 16 and E1 gene of HPV type 18.
HPV 18 was positive in three OSCC cases. There was no statistically significant association of the positivity of HPV with the age, gender or habit. The HPV positive patients had a tobacco habit and were of a younger age group.
The presence of HPV in carcinomatous tissue highlights the possible role of HPV in carcinogenesis and archival paraffin embedded tissue specimen can be used for this analysis. Recent studies on genomic analyses have highlighted that the HPV positive tumors are a separate subgroup based on genomic sequencing. The results of a larger retrospective study will help further in our understanding of the role of HPV in carcinogenesis, this study could form the baseline for such follow-up studies.
... In the past decade, significant evidence has established high risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) as the causative agent in an increasing proportion of incident cases of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]. HPV infection is responsible for up to 80% of oropharyngeal cancers in the United States, and over 90% are caused by one viral type, HPV type 16 [7]. ...
... respectively). The most common HPV type in the case of oral cancer was HPV16 [Herrero et al., 2003; Kreimer et al., 2005]. In this study 18.2% of Belarusian patients with oral cavity cancer had HPV infection . ...
Overall, head and neck sqamous cell carcinoma accounts for more than 550,000 cases annually worldwide. It is well known that human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main risk factor for cervical cancer development. As the incidence and the mortality of cervical cancer are closely related to the HPV prevalence, we hypothesized that there is the same association between HPV prevalence and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore we performed the study aiming to compare the level of HPV infection and HPV type distribution between two groups of Lithuanian and Belarusian patients with head and neck sqamous cell carcinoma. One hundred ninety head and neck sqamous cell carcinoma patients were included in the study, 75 from Lithuania and 115 from Belarus. PCR was used for HPV detection and typing. The distribution of HPV infection among head and neck sqamous cell carcinoma patients was similar in the Lithuanian (20.0%) and Belarusian (18.3%) patient groups, however differences were found in the distribution of HPV types. J. Med. Virol. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
