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Figure. Phylogenetic tree identification results for endophytic fungi associated with turmeric plant (with a : mark) based on ITS region sequences of ribosomal neighbor-joining method with Kimura 2-parameter models. Bootstrap values are indicated on the branches obtained from 1000 replications. Rhizopus stolonifer isolate NW643 (EU622265.1) was used as an outgroup.
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Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a medicinal plant that is commonly used as spice and preservative. Many types of endophytic fungi have been reported as being associated with medicinal plants and able to synthesize secondary metabolites. In this study, endophytic fungi were isolated from all plant parts of turmeric plants, including the root, rhizome...
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Nguyen DD, Le TA, Hoang QH, Le QT, Nguyen E. 2022. Two new taxa of Curcuma sect. Ecomata (Zingiberaceae: Zingibereae), from coastal Central Vietnam. Biodiversitas 23: 2512-2519. Curcuma sixsensesensis and Curcuma vinhlinhensis, two new species belonging to subgenus Ecomata from Coastal Central Vietnam, are described and illustrated in the present a...
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... Similarly, an endophytic fungus of rhizome, namely Phoma herbarum exhibited a strong growth inhibition of fungal pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides the causal organism of leaf spot of turmeric (Gupta et al., 2016). Endophytic fungi; A. foliicola and F. verticillioides of rhizome of C. longa were also reported for inhibiting the growth of Morganella morganii, a common histamine-producing bacteria in fish (Septiana et al., 2017). ...
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), a significant commercial crop of the Indian subcontinent is widely used as a condiment, natural dye, and as a cure for different ailments. Various bioactive compounds such as turmerones and curcuminoids have been isolated from C. longa that have shown remarkable medicinal activity against various ailments. However, reduced soil fertility, climatic variations, rapid urbanization, and enhanced food demand, pose a multifaceted challenge to the current agricultural practices of C. longa. Plant growth-promoting microbes play a vital role in plant growth and development by regulating primary and secondary metabolite production. Rhizospheric associations are complex species-specific interconnections of different microbiota with a plant that sustain soil health and promote plant growth through nutrient acquisition, nitrogen fixation, phosphate availability, phytohormone production, and antimicrobial activities. An elaborative study of microbiota associated with the roots of C. longa is essential for rhizospheric engineering as there is a huge potential to develop novel products based on microbial consortium formulations and elicitors to improve plant health, stress tolerance, and the production of secondary metabolites such as curcumin. Primarily, the purpose of this review is to implicate the rhizospheric microbial flora as probiotics influencing overall C. longa health, development, and survival for an increase in biomass, enhanced yield of secondary metabolites, and sustainable crop production.
... The time of incubation also had a significant effect on the accumulation of lipids in the fungal cells. It was clear that when the biomass concentration increases, the lipid content was also increased simultaneously and the lipid content reached maximum at stationary phase which indicates that lipid productivity depends on biomass growth and availability of substrate [21]. After drying, lipid was weighed gravimetrically and the total lipid concentration at 120 hour was found to be 7.71±0.082 ...
The present study shows the ability of the isolated filamentous fungi Aspergillus niger from the soil which is contaminated by tannery effluent. The fungal culture was incubated and its biomass concentration and lipid content were studied with respect to the time of incubation. It was observed that 44.02±1.2% of lipid was produced by fungi at stationary phase and the biomass concentration was found to be 17.61±0.30. Viscosity, density, acid value, saponification value, free acid content and iodine value of the extracted lipid was assessed and those properties were found to be within the specified limit represented by standards. Lipid was characterized by GC-MS and the fatty acid composition was analysed. The high-quality biodiesel lipid was extracted from the fungus Aspergillus niger.
... The fresh leaves were cleaned thoroughly under running tap water and sterile distilled water before processing. The leaf sample was initially subjected to the surface treatment as per the reported method (Supplementary File) (Idris et al. 2013;Vinayarani et al. 2018;Septiana et al. 2017). Isolated and purified endophytic fungal samples were identified and confirmed at Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India, associated with the National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI)-A National Facility. ...
Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae) is widely distributed throughout tropical and subtropical countries and is also known as the 'soursop' plant due to edible fruits' sour and sweet taste. Various parts of A. muricata have been used as traditional medicine in treating multiple diseases. The present investigation deals with the study of pharmacognostic features, proximate analysis, quantitative estimation, mineral content, and nutritional analysis of the A. muricata leaves. The study also extended toward isolating and identifying fungal endophytes from the A. muricata leaves based on their morphological and molecular aspects. Proximate analysis of the leaf powder revealed a swelling index of 1.8 mL, total ash of 9.5%, acid-insoluble ash of 1.05%, water-soluble ash of 2%, and moisture content was 4.65% w/w. The extractive value of ethyl acetate was the highest. Nutrition analysis exhibited 9.35 g/100 g proteins, 22.84 g/100 g fats, 56.20 g/100 g carbohydrates, and 467.76 kcal/100 g energy levels. Quantitative estimation showed a total phenol content of 1.3%, flavonoid content of 2.28%, and total acetogenin content of 0.2%. Mineral content analysis of the leaf revealed the presence of Cu, Cr, Zn, Mn, Na, K, Fe, Ca, and Mg. Leaf constants analysis unveiled a stomatal number of 325, stomatal index of 16.74%, vein islet number of 44.75/mm 2 , vein termination number of 95.75/mm 2 , and palisade ratio of 8.75. A. muricata leaves were identified with two fungal endophytes, i.e., Colletotrichum siamense Prihast.L. Cai and K. D. Hyde NFCCI 4811 and Phyllosticta capitalensis Henn. NFCCI 4812, belonging to the family Glomerellaceae and Phyllostictaceae, respectively.
... These studies indicate the validity of HPLC in measuring biogenic amines, which is in line with our findings. In 2017, Septiana et al. (2017) demonstrated that endophytic fungi with turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) were able to inhibit histamine-producing bacteria in fish. This study showed that Lactobacillus casei and B. bifidum probiotic were effective in inhibiting Staphylococcus bacteria. ...
The most important microorganisms contaminating milk, such as staphylococci, exert their influence by producing toxins and biogenic amines (BA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of cell-free supernatants (CFS) related to the probiotic strains of Lactococcus lactis and Bifidobacterium bifidum on the expression of BA-producing genes, histamine decarboxylase, and tyramine decarboxylase in staphylococci isolated from milk. Staphylococci isolates of cow raw milk were identified and isolated using standard methods. Samples containing these strains were analyzed by HPLC for BA production. Bacteria with target genes were treated with L. lactis and B. bifidum CFS, and the expression of target genes was measured by Real time PCR. Generally, 60 strains of Staphylococcus were isolated, and 90% of strains had HDC and TDC genes in genome. The levels of BAs were significantly higher on the second and third days after sampling compared with the first day (p <0.02). The analysis RT-PCR indicated that the under expression of target genes was statistically significant (P<0.05). This study showed that the use of probiotic bacteria can reduce the production of these amines and increase the quality of milk through reducing the expression of tyramine and histamine producing genes.
... Akar kemudian dikeringkan menggunakan kertas saring steril. Potongan akar ditempatkan dalam media potato dextrose agar (PDA) yang mengandung antibiotik kemisetin 500 mg/L dan rose bengal 1% (b/v) (Septiana et al. 2017). Media tersebut diinkubasikan pada suhu ruang 2530°C selama 7 hari. ...
The study aims to isolate and test the effectiveness of mutualistic root symbiont fungi isolates from the roots of rubber plants grown in marginal acidic soil plantations in increasing the growth of food crops and forestry plants. The fungal were isolated by root surface sterilization methods. We obtained 19 fungal isolates consisting of 8 genera, namely Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium, Penicillium Paecilomyces, Trichoderma, and mycelia sterilia. All isolates were subjected to a pathogenicity test on the Centrosema pubescens plant. Five out of the 19 fungal isolates increased plant growth and showed no disease symptoms, and the Aspergillus section Nigri FKK 3 isolate showed the best response. The isolate was further analyzed to assess the growth response of food crops (rice and corn) and forestry plants (Acacia auriculiformis and Paraserianthes falcataria). The treatments consisted of 3 phosphate (P) concentrations, namely 20%, 50%, and 100% of the recommended field applications. The combination of mutualistic fungal inoculation of Aspergillus section Nigri FKK 3 and 50% P concentration exhibited the highest biomass growth response compared to other treatments. This finding can provide basic information for developing fungal-based fertilizers to increase the productivity of food crops and forestry plants on sub-optimal land.
Keywords: food crops, phosphate fertilizer, forestry trees, plant growth improvement, root mutualistic fungi
... Few information are accessible on the antimicrobial activities of the endophytic fungi isolated from different medicinal plants against fish pathogens (Septiana et al., 2017). In the current study, endophytic fungal extracellular metabolites which were extracted from Alternaria sp. and Drechslera sp. ...
With the increasing occurrence of bacterial resistance against available antibiotics, it has now become necessary to investigate newer sources for antimicrobials. Endophytic fungi have the aptitude to co-exist with their host plants without affecting any harm and are useful to both the plant and the fungi. The current study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the bioactive compounds of some endophytic fungi isolated from five medicinal plants against P. aeruginosa. A total of 30 distinct colonies of the endophytic fungi were isolated from five selected medicinal plants. Most of
the isolates were obtained from H. sabdariffa L., O. europaea L., M. piperita L., M. oleifera Lam. and A. indica A. Juss. Most of the fungal isolates belonged to Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp., Ulocladium sp., Chaetomium sp., A. niger, E. nidulans and Fusarium sp. A total of 34 intra- and extra-cellular metabolites from 17 endophytic fungal isolates were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against P. aeruginosa, some endophytic fungal metabolites showed antibacterial activities as A. niger extract isolated from neem which exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity16.5± 0.71 mm against P. aeruginosa. In addition, Cladosporium, sp. isolated from neem, Chaetomium sp. extracts and Alternaria sp. (isolated from mint), showed antibacterial activity with the zone of inhibition, 13± 1.41, 12.5± 0.71and 12.5± 0 mm, respectively. In contrast, none of the Ulocladium sp., Alternaria sp. extracts (isolated from olive), Cladosporium sp., and E. nidulans extracts (isolated from mint) showed any antibacterial activities against P. aeruginosa
... Gram-positive bacteria have enhanced interaction between the antimicrobial active compound of turmeric curcumin and the structural lipoproteins made them sensitive to turmeric than Gram-negative bacteria (Mukhtar and Ghori, 2012). Septiana et al. (2017) pointed out that endophytic symbiotic fungi of turmeric could inhibit histamine forming bacteria in fish; thus 5% of a turmeric extract has an inhibitory effect of histamine producing bacteria. ...
... The acid tolerance profile, absence of haemolytic activity, low variation in viable count under different bile concentrations, as well as susceptibility to several antibiotics have indicated endophytic Bacillus pumilus as a probiotic agent (Murugappan et al. 2013). Similarly, endophytes could inhibit histamine-producing bacteria that cause diarrhoea, hypotension, headache, pruritus, and flushes in human when histaminecontaminated fish is consumed in a large amount (Septiana et al. 2017). Similarly, the equisetin, a tetramic acid derivative produced by Fusarium sp., possesses phytotoxicity and inhibition potential in vitro against recombinant integrase enzyme responsible for HIV replication (Ratnaweera et al. 2015). ...
Presently, several drug discovery investigations on therapeutic management of human health are aimed at bioprospecting for microorganisms, especially endophytic microbes of biotechnological importance. This review investigates the benefits of endophytes, especially in producing bioactive compounds useful in modern medicine by systematically reviewing published data from 12 databases. Only experimental studies investigating either or both bacterial and fungal endophytes and within the scope of this review were selected. The published data from the last 2 decades (2000–2019) revealed diverse endophytes associated with different plants produce a broad spectrum of bioactive compounds with therapeutic benefits. Notably, antibacterial, followed by anticancer and antifungal activities, were mostly reported. Only three studies investigated the anti-plasmodial activity. The variation observed in the synthesis of bioactive compounds amongst endophytes varied with host type, endophyte species, and cultivation medium. Fungal endophytes were more investigated than bacterial endophytes, with both endophytes having species diversity amongst literature. The endophytes were predominantly from medicinal plants and belonged to either Ascomycota (fungi) or Proteobacteria and Firmicutes (bacteria). This review presents excellent prospects of harnessing endophytes and their unique bioactive compounds in developing novel and effective compounds of medicinal importance.
... Isolation and purification of endophytic fungus were carried out to obtain pure isolates by direct planting methods. The procedure is performed based on the method used by Septiana, Sukarno, Sukarno, & Simanjuntak (2017) with modification. ...
Chili farming faces several constraints, one of which is the pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum capsici. To overcome it can be used indigenous endophytic fungus and liquid smoke wood Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm. & Binn.) which has the potential as antimicrobial can be used. This research aimed to quantify and measure the effectiveness of an antimicrobial liquid smoke, endophytic filtrate, and the combination to suppress C. capsici growth. Subsequently, the research was conducted to apply the liquid smoke, endophytic fungi, and the two combinations of treatments on the growth of C. capsici. Thus, the results of this research showed that liquid smoke with a concentration of 0.085-1.75% can inhibit 3.56-62.17% in range. Meanwhile, the endophytic fungi filtrate, of 2% concentration can inhibit 91.69% C. capsici. Two of the combination liquid smoke in a concentration of 0.68%, 1.36% and the endophytic fungi filtrate in 2% have a demonstrated to inhibit the growth of C. capsici with the highest inhibition into 88.08%. Based on the analysis results, liquid smoke, endophytic fungi filtrate, and a combination of both showed significantly different inhibitory effects between treatments. This indicates that all those three treatments have antimicrobial potential. © 2021, Agriculture Faculty Brawijaya University. All rights reserved.
... [18] Enzymes are a key ingredient in various industrial sectors including textile, pharmaceutical, food as well as chemical sectors, and are very helpful in different bio-conversion processes. [19] In this study, some light was showed up on the different antimicrobial and enzymatic activity of fungus, that is Fusarium species, and its effect on various adventitious roots like potato, colocasia, onion, ginger, carrot, and tomato was seen and its dominance over Aspergillus species was also checked by inoculating ...
... The rhizomes are then washed with distilled water three to four times. [19] After the sterilization process, the rhizomes were cut into thin slices using a sterilized scalpel. The slices were placed on sterilized Petri plates with Czapekdox agar and PDA aseptically using sterilized forceps. ...
A member from the family of ginger (Zingiberaceae), Curcuma longa (Turmeric) is known in every household since ages due to its uses covering fields like medicine, food, dye, cosmetics and its uses in various spiritual and cultural practices. There have been many proven antimicrobial properties of turmeric. Contradictorily it is also seen to harbor certain endophytic fungi that can synthesize various secondary metabolites. Fusarium species have been found predominantly colonizing on C. longa. This genus notably affects the rhizomes of various vegetable plants, includes other plant pathogens, and also produces various mycotoxins. In some cases it has also been reported to control insects with promising anti-microbial and pest control characters like abundant sporulation and fast action causing a high mortality rate in plant pathogens. These phytopathogenic fungi can efficiently produce very specific extracellular enzymes that have and can have potential and practical applications in various bio-conversions, in the agro-industry and various biotechnological processes. This study endeavors to exploit various enzymes and secondary metabolites produced by the species and look for certain economical industrial applications of these enzymes. Turmeric infected with the fungus was used as a source for isolating Fusarium and purifying it through streaking and sub culturing. Its antimicrobial properties was checked through well diffusion method alongside checking its effect on adventitious roots like potato, colocassia, onion, ginger, carrot and tomato as control. Screening for various applications of various enzymes produced by Fusarium was also checked for.
