Science topics: MedicinePhysiology
Science topic
Physiology - Science topic
Physiology is the science of the function of living systems. This includes how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells, and bio-molecules carry out the chemical or physical functions that exist in a living system.
Questions related to Physiology
Activation of naive T cells generally requires antigen to be presented by dendritic cells in lymph nodes. Activation of naive B cells generally requires opsonized antigen to be displayed by follicular dendritic cells in lymph nodes.
Thus, it seems that dendritic cells and complement (innate immune system) need to recognize a pathogen before an adaptive immune response can be initiated. Is this always the case?
Here is an excerpt from Kollmann et al. (2020, J. Physiol.):
"This ring was placed in a recording chamber continuously perfused with 37°C aerated Hepes solution containing (in mM) 136 NaCl, 10 glucose, 5 KCl, 10 Hepes, 1.2 MgCl2, 2.5 CaCl2 (pH 7.40) at a rate of 11 ml min-1. Hypoosmolality of the Hepes solution was established by reduction of the NaCl content to 33 mM (94 mOsm kg-1 H2O), 58 mM (144 mOsm kg-1 H2O) or 83 mM (194 mOsm kg-1 H2O)."
For validation, I tried to calculate the osmolality by myself. For example, when the NaCl content is changed to 33 mM, the osmolality should be
33*2 (NaCl)+10*1 (Glucose)+5*2 (KCl)+10*1 (Hepes)+1.2*3(MgCl2)+2.5*3(CaCl2)
which gives 107.1 mOsm/L, i.e., 107.1 mOsm/kg. But 107.1 is largely different from what the author stated, namely 94 mOsm/kg.
When the NaCl content is changed to 58 mM or 83 mM, the osmolality should increase by (58-33)*2=50 mM, or (83-33)*2=100 mM. This is consistent with the author's calculation, i.e., 144-94=50 mM, or 194-94=100 mM. So, my calculation is correct at least in terms of NaCl. But how can I calculate the contributions of the remaining solutes correctly?
Reference: Kollmann, P. et al. Submucosal enteric neurons of the cavine distal colon are sensitive to hypoosmolar stimuli. J. Physiol. 598, 5317–5332 (2020).
A study by Peeters et al. (2017) suggests that sugar traps cancer in a 'vicious cycle' which make it more aggressive and harder to treat (1). On the question-and-answer site Quora, Ray Schilling, MD, concludes: "there is a connection between the consumption of sugar and starchy foods and various cancers in man. Animal experiments are useful in suggesting these connections, but many clinical trials including the Women’s Health Initiative have shown that these findings are also true in humans. It is insulin resistance due to sugar and starch overconsumption that is causing cancer" (2).
References
1. Peeters K, Van Leemputte F, Fischer B, Bonini BM, Quezada H, Tsytlonok M, Haesen D, Vanthienen W, Bernardes N, Gonzalez-Blas CB, Janssens V, Tompa P, Versées W, Thevelein JM. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate couples glycolytic flux to activation of Ras. Nat Commun 2017; 8: 922. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01019-z. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01019-z.pdf
2. Schilling R. Why isn't sugar portrayed as bad like cigarettes? https://www.quora.com/Why-isnt-sugar-portrayed-as-bad-like-cigarettes
I have a pretty unusual but serious question.
Are photoreceptor outer segments (OS) physically connected to one another? If this is the case, would it be hypothetically possible (even rarely) the OS can form a kind of a layer when separated from inner segments (e.g. in retinal detachment)?
Bart
Do you and your team have interesting results to share Linking Avian Physiology to Welfare?
Would you like to submit them to a Research Topic in Frontiers in Physiology, Section Avian Physiology?
If both answers are "YES", follow the link:
https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/41580/linking-avian-physiology-to-welfare#overview
Short description: Avian physiology and avian welfare are unequivocally linked. One of the seminal definitions of animal welfare indicates it is the "state of an animal as regards its attempts to cope with its environment". Developed as a hybrid scientific discipline, animal welfare has inspired part of its bases in physiology. In this sense, birds' abilities to cope with their environment have underlying physiological limits, as well as dynamical transition states which must be revealed and understood. Various environmental factors are known to challenge avian homeostasis (or rather, homeodynamics). Consequently, a series of physiological components and/or systems are activated to process the stimuli and coordinate the proper response, which may often involve behavioral aspects as well. This would lead to increased energy expenditure and the potential occurrence of various trade-offs aimed at coping. The mentioned environmental factors, i.e. stressors, challenge the avian' much-needed internal balance and may cause their attempts to cope with their environment to fail, directly impairing avian welfare.
For instance what roles does emergence play in inorganic chemistry, in the earth sciences, in organic chemistry, the molecular biology of the cell, physiology, psychology, sociology, in ecology, economics, or in astrophysics?
I am studying the development of emergence up through the levels of the hierarchic organization of material reality, from elementary particles to the emergence of galactic clusters.
Another goal is to reveal the isomorphic aspects of the stages of emergence as they occur throughout that development.
I am interested in the following:
1. What are the initial components of the process of emergence in cases of emergence in your field of research?
2. What are the major stages of the process of emergence in those cases?
3. How does the list of components change with the changing stages of your processes of emergence?
4. What then are the components that constitute the final emergent product, whether it be a quality, an object, or a pattern-of-organization of material structure or process?
An Emergence Primer
Ø In its simplest form, emergence is the coming into existence of newly occurring patterns-of-organization of material structure and process due to the motion of units of matter.
Ø Emergence is a creative process, and is the source of the organized complexity of the material universe.
Ø There are two basic stages of emergence—first there is the process of emergence, and second there is the event of emergence that occurs as the consequence of the prior process.
Ø Emergence develops. It occurs in simple forms in simple situations in which few other factors are playing roles, and in progressively more complex forms in progressively more complex situations where increasing numbers of other factors are playing roles.
Ø Emergence is isomorphic because the simplest form of emergence also occurs within the core of all developed forms, giving them their intrinsic-identity as cases of emergence. An isomorphy is a pattern-of-material-organization that occurs in two to many different situations or systems. What is known about an isomorphy and the role it plays in one situation can be used to enhance the understanding of a different situation in which that isomorphy also occurs and plays a role. Thus what is known about emergence and its role in one situation can be used to enhance the understanding of a different situation where emergence also occurs and plays a role.
The Intrinsic Nature of Emergence—With Illustrations.
Vesterby, Vincent. 2011. The Intrinsic Nature of Emergence—With Illustrations. Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the ISSS, Hull, U.K.
Emergence Is an Isomorphy
Vesterby, Vincent. 2017. Emergence Is an Isomorphy.
There are many biomarkers such as TNf-Alpha, CRP, and IL-1, but I'm looking for some novel biomarkers to measure.
How can crop rotations be used to improve soil health and fertility, reduce pest and disease pressure, and increase yields?
Why and how is this kind of long-term potentiation (LTP) possible?
Is LTP even needed for all sorts of synaptic plasticity and long-term memory formation?
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Longer version:
Long-term potentiation (LTP which is necessary for synaptic plasticity and long-term memory formation) needs repeats and reinforcement of the engrams to be triggered.
However, apparently everybody automatically "absorbs" a lot of information immediately and also permanently, even without needing any extra effort (at least any conscious effort), which seems to be needed for LTP to happen. Everyone seems to have this ability, although it is even stronger in those with better memories.
People simply "learn" many things once; and many of those learned items remain there for a pretty long duration, and in many cases even for the rest of their lives. This seems to happen without any repeats, at least without any apparent or conscious efforts to remember or re-remember those memories. This is the case for a lot of semantic information (especially the information of interest or importance to the person) as well as a large portion of the contents of episodic memory.
Why and how is this kind of LTP possible?
Perhaps attention plays a major role here, e.g., being interesting and important automatically triggers LTP without a further need for repeats.
But such effortless long-term memorization happens also in the case of a lot of semantic information or autobiographical events that are not inherently interesting or significant to the person.
Is LTP even needed for all sorts of synaptic plasticity and long-term memory formation?
What is this curious non-updatable mega memory? Does it have any scientific terms?
What are its causes and mechanisms?
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Explanation:
I have had the honor of witnessing very rare people who have some strange forms of mega memory: They effortlessly, automatically, and immediately memorize many difficult things such as phone numbers or their difficult and comprehensive books, etc. And they retain those easily captured memories for a very very long time (a couple of decades at least), without any smallest effort or reinforcement. Not to mention that they record or remember almost everything else (semantic or episodic) quite easily, and also with a lot of details. Furthermore, they are very very accurate in recalling those items. For example, they can serve as pretty reliable living phone books; or for example, they are extremely awesome at medicine, etc.
But when I am talking about "strange", I don't mean their super-human ability to easily capture such vast amounts of information for such long durations and recall them accurately.
Their super-human ability is of course strange. But the even stranger part of their memory is that once it is captured, it cannot be updated or revised easily. For example, if they misunderstand something the first time, it will take perhaps 10 or 20 attempts over days or weeks for their colleagues to remind them of the mistake and ask them to correct their misunderstanding.
It is like that once their memory is formed the very first time, it is set in stone. It is absorbed very efficiently and strongly, and at the same time, not much prone to future updates.
What is this curious non-updatable mega memory? Does it have any scientific terms?
What are its causes and mechanisms?
Please spread the word: Folding at Home (https://foldingathome.org/) is an extremely powerful supercomputer composed of thousands of home computers around the world. It tries to simulate protein folding to Fight diseases. We can increase its power even further by simply running its small program on our computers and donating the spare (already unused and wasted) capacity of our computers to their supercomputation.
After all, a great part of our work (which is surfing the web, writing texts and stuff, communicating, etc.) never needs more than a tiny percent of the huge capacity of our modern CPUs and GPUs. So it would be very helpful if we could donate the rest of their capacity [that is currently going to waste] to such "distributed supercomputer" projects and help find cures for diseases.
The program runs at a very low priority in the background and uses some of the capacity of our computers. By default, it is set to use the least amount of EXCESS (already wasted) computational power. It is very easy to use. But if someone is interested in tweaking it, it can be configured too via both simple and advanced modes. For example, the program can be set to run only when the computer is idle (as the default mode) or even while working. It can be configured to work intensively or very mildly (as the default mode). The CPU or GPU can each be disabled or set to work only when the operating system is idle, independent of the other.
Please spread the word; for example, start by sharing this very post with your contacts.
Also give them feedback and suggestions to improve their software. Or directly contribute to their project.
Folding at Home: https://foldingathome.org/
Folding at Home's Forum: https://foldingforum.org/index.php
Folding at Home's GitHub: https://github.com/FoldingAtHome
Additionally, see other distributed supercomputers used for fighting disease:
Rosetta at Home: https://boinc.bakerlab.org/
GPUGRID: https://www.gpugrid.net/
In most contexts, the terms alternative medicine, complementary medicine, integrative medicine, holistic medicine, natural medicine, and unconventional medicine are almost synonymous.
I have some complex physiological data that varies quite a bit across participants. Best way to capture this variability? For more background...participants were exposed to different kinds of prejudice and some participants varied as to what type they responded more to. Any thoughts would be helpful.
Thanks!
i am a medical student, however i would like to learn molecular biology to the extent that makes me comfortable with putting a hypothesis, a theory or possible treatment and testing this with the help of a specialized research team and as such, i want to reach to the point where i fully understand modern molecular biology and specially the LAB TECHNIQUES. What is the process that i should follow in order to achieve this.
keeping in mind that i have near full access to springerlink, RSC and online wiley libraries
I've been talking to the girl from my group about intimate relationships and social interactions and she said that she has troubles with it. What surprised me the most is her reasoning - she said that after getting close with someone she might feel sick, get a headache, start crying or shaking, and that it makes her keep the distance. All my life I only considered rejection of others and repulsion to other people as a social phenomenon and her story opened my eyes. So I want to ask if there are any studies on such physiological reaction to intimacy and interactions with others. Can anyone recommend me some?
Kindly, explain your answer. Thanks in advance.
I would like to acquire a wereable metabolic system to use with a MoCap system in sports studies (jumping, running in a treadmill) and in human movment analysis studies (gait in a walkway, stairs...)
What is your experience and the best option with the next equipments? What is the advantage/disadvantage of each one?
-Cosmed K4b2
-Cosmed K5
-Cortex Metamax 3B
-Other system?
Thanks,
Best,
Jose Heredia-Jimenez
University of Granada. Spain
During exercise shear stress is increased. The mode and duration of exercise also has an effect over shear stress. Pathological high shear stress (>10,000 s-1) and low shear rate (<1,000 s-1) are two sides that I wish to measure.
I will be using volunteers, who will be exercising, and I am interested how can I measure shear stress during the exercise as well as before and after.
All help is welcomed, thank you
Please help to circulate this questionnaire, which is part of a big international study (you can find below the questionnaire in different languages):
The project has the collaboration of researchers (including sport scientists) from 6 continents.
Globally, the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has transformed people’s day-to-day life. The world’s sporting calendar, recreational and professional, is almost unrecognisable. Athletes have seen access to training facilities and/or the ability to even leave their homes (i.e., to run, cycle) severely restricted, if not removed entirely. This questionnaire will investigate how the lockdown is affecting (or has affected) athletes’ lifestyle (including nutritional, psychological and sleep aspects) and how athletes are responding (have responded) to the pandemic.
Why participate in this project?
Project outcomes will be used for research purposes and to inform current/future guidelines for athletes, coaches, sports scientists and (potentially) policymakers. It will reveal what has happened globally, across every inhabited continent, during the pandemic relative to athletes and their training practices. Your participation will contribute to improving the current and future lifestyle of athletes.
Target population: Elite or sub-elite athletes (amateur or professional from both genders, including Para athletes) from any country that is experiencing, or has experienced, a lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Privacy, confidentiality, and Data security :
All responses will be de-identified and processed anonymously (you will not be asked to provide us with your name, ensuring total anonymity). No other identifying information, including IP address will be recorded. At the end of the study, the data will be destroyed in compliance with international regulations.
Precautions will be taken to control access to all data. Only authorized individuals (principal investigators) will have access to the dataset. We’re minimizing the risk of breach of confidentiality by collecting and storing the data anonymously, and by saving data with password protection. This international survey has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Imam Khomeini International University.
Results :
The results of this project will be used for scientific publications where it will not possible to identify any of the participants. To inquire about the results of the survey, please email the principal investigator.
For any inquiries, please feel free to contact the principal investigator:
Morteza Taheri
E-mail: m.taheri@soc.ikiu.ac.ir
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I have just recently started a new "weekend project" in addition to my master's studies and I am looking for a data-set. I would like to use some Operations Research to design an optimal gym schedule that conforms to a specific set of constraints.
The idea is to create a daily gym schedule that conforms to a set of constraints (e.g. time, target muscles etc) as well as a set of physiological constraints. The physiological constraints are things such as do not exercise muscle-x and muscle-y together or do not do abdominal exercises for two consecutive days etc.
However the problem I face is data, specifically a data-set (or data-sets).
Are there any open-source datasets which list an exercise, as well as all the muscles targeted? Preferably one that lists as much of the physiological data as possible. E.g. which stabilizers are activated, which secondary muscle is also activated, is it an extension or flexion. I am also looking for datasets which could help me with some of the physiological constraints, such as muscle recovery times, which muscles not to exercise together etc?
My goal is to algorithmically capture an OR model which I can provide with input data such as muscle group target and time and the model must output a schedule of exercises which targets all the muscles in that muscle group, is not physiologically harmful and is within the time constraint.
Hi, I am wondering if anyone could provide or recommend a protocol about the isolation of stellate ganglion from adult mice? Thank you!
Does creatine supplementation increase insulin sensitivity?
What is your opinion?
Hi, I would like to find a good anterograde tracer. Which is better, BDA or Fluoro-Ruby? Thanks a lot in advance!
Asthma is a chronic, obstructive disease;
In asthma we have hypersecretion of mucos ;the main component of mucos is mucin ; the main airway mucins are muc 5ac and muc 5b that are released from goblet cell and submucosal glands ,respectively.
Asthma characterized by some changes, like: thickening of the lamina reticularis, epithelial shedding, subepithelial fibrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, myofibroblast proliferation, smooth muscle hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and neovascularization of the airway wall
According to the findings ; increased amount of the muc5ac and decreased amount of muc5b is observed.
Goblet cell hyperplasia can cause more expression of muc5 ac but there is no evidence for the reason of decreased amounts of muc5b .I'm looking toward this decreasing reasons.
I will be thankful if you share your ideas with me .
Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is a method of quantifying disability in multiple sclerosis that is the most widely used measurement tool to describe disease progression in patients with MS.
What types of exercise and training variables (volume, intensity, repetitions, frequency, exercise selection, exercise order, and rest) are recommended for patients with Multiple sclerosis (MS)?
For a depot injection designed for absorption by macrophage action, which injection route would be optimal to have most drug introduced into the lung by the lymph vessel?
In my personal experience I have find the higher rate of sprouting when fresh cow dung is applied on the top side of cutting what might be its reason.
I need to preserve termite samples for future quantification of juvenile hormone in their bodies. Or extract the Juvenile Hormone and keep that samples stored for future quantification.
I may need to keep the samples stored for up to two months and they also need to "survive" an international trip.
It is difficult to use standard imprints method.
Can anybody help? Thank you.
Heart Rate Variability is a well known and useful concept in Biomedical Engineering and Medical Sciences. Breath Rate is a lesser researched field and a newer measure Breath-Rate Variability is introduced recently to quantify meditation effect.
It is gaining attention of researchers as BRV has a number of novel applications. What could they be.
HI All,
I'm doing a survey as part of an Audacious program (https://www.startupdunedin.nz/audacious), which essentially is a StartUp initiative at Otago University. I'm curious to understand what level of programming do biologists these days need during their day to day research.
For all the biologists out there here are some questions to start the discussion on this topic:
1) Have you done any programming till date? If so which language did you use and for what purpose?
2) How have to overcome programming limitations? For example, did you get the work done through bioinformaticians, or sought help from your programming friend, etc?
3) Have you used online biological databases for your research? If so, which one?
4) How much of artificial intelligence have you used in your research? Do you see AI potential in your current work?
If you have anything else to add, please feel free.
In some cases you see structurally similar ligands work as agonists/antagonists for the same receptors, but it's not always the case. Do receptors allow molecules to bind because of their shape/structure or is it independent from ligand to ligand?
Higher affinity for CO induce suffocation which may be fatal.
Dear researchers,
I hope you and everyone in your circle are doing well and healthy.
I’m going to work on some factors that affect on differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells to cardiomyocytes.
I’ve collected stem cells from mice and now I require the best and cheapest protocol for their differentiating to cardiomyocytes. As I am an amateur in this field of research, I hope you can suggest a useful protocol.
Thanks all.
I know that an infant's brain can repair itself when damaged but why doesn't the same happen in adults after stroke or brain injuries?
Hello, I am looking for a good (affordable with scientific evidence) device to measure heart rate variability (HRV) by Electrocardiograph (ECG) or Photoplethysmography (PPG), and I will use it to compare a new smartphone-based HRV measuring App. May I have some recommendations?
The yield of plants is found to be increased with the conservation of perennial to annual plants what are the processes, advantages, and disadvantages?
As my experience and many consumer experience they feel the different taste of the same item served cooked in a different source, is it real or not, what is the reason behind this.
kindly provide list of physiology/ yoga journals with no publication charges indexed in pubmed/scopus/WOS/DOAJ.
leaf low quality is inherent to the tropical grasses ?
as physiology and physicochemical features could justify this?
The apple fruits bought from the market after a few days in the refrigerator changed their skin color from red to almost brown, while the fruit was healthy and no signs of a pathogen were seen, and it turns out that these changes are physiological. Who knows what is the cause of this skin color change?
Are functional maps in the cortex used by the brain to carry out computations or are they just a byproduct of wiring minimization?
A key element to answer this question is to know if, when neurons from a cortical map project their axons to the dendrite of a downstream neuron, they retain any spatial order proportional to their location in the map.
For example, in the cartoon below, the four neurons from a cortical map (in black) project their axons to a downstream neuron's dendrite (in green). The relative spatial position of the synapses (black circles) is proportional to the relative position of the neuron in the map.
I would be very grateful if you could point me to any relevant paper addressing this question, in particular in the cortex of the primate (e.g. axon tracing experiments).
Thanks!
Are there distinct or unique physiological responses to humorous stimuli? Of special interest is political humor such as in editorial/political cartoons. Such political humor also has been posited as generating anger responses so a second question would be if there are differences in humor and anger responses that can clearly identify the source of the humor/anger response.
Many people believe that some stretching sports with vertical jump such as basketball and volleyball can increase the body height. On the other hand, others do not agree with this argument.
The problem is that there are many scientific websites that have explained and discussed this issue but as I see, both of them don't refer to any scientific article with specific statistical experiments.
I just found this article that has not a regular scientific content.
I am pleased to answer this question with a scientific article.
What do you think about the balance between exploring widely different designs vs. local optimization at different levels of biology (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, anatomy, etc.)? Which levels are more or less modular or plastic?
In the endocrine system, for example, one feels that having tropic hormones (i.e., those controlling the release of other signaling hormones at other glands) may offer a finer and perhaps more robust regulation, compared to a being where all hormones were non-tropic. However, the anatomic location of elements in these networks is not trivial. For example, in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, renin is produced in the kidney, and aldosterone eventually exerts its effects in the kidney as well. However, the intermediate step by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) mainly occurs in the lungs, which could introduce a delay in the regulation.
Do we have good explanations for the sites of production and action of different hormones in the body? Are there common principles to be learned as optimized by evolution in this respect? Or are happenstances/contingent evolution stronger determinants?
Thank you for sharing your thoughts!
What is the in vivo dose and duration of administration of diazoxide for neurodegenerative disease models in rats? Are there studies in which hyperglycemia, pancreatic toxicity, diabetic neuropathy have been observed in animals after the application?
thanks.
What would land a neuroscience paper in Nature Neuroscience? What is the minimum a paper should have to pass the editorial scrutiny in Nature Neuroscience or the journals around the same cadre? May be a list of things and at the same time explanation of each point would work.
Do you think the plant can communicate with each other, what is the level of feeling in plants?
Hello there
As we know researches are being rapidly evolved in most majors. I would like to know where animal reproduction physiology researches will go to in future. where do animal reproduction physiologist see themselves in 5 to 10 years later?
In my opinion, it is vital for researchers in this field to find out which aspects of their major define future studies and accordingly researchers should empower their knowledge in growing areas.
It is my pleasure to know your idea about the future of animal reproduction physiology researches and related areas.
I would appreciate if any related papers, sites and other stuffs be suggested.
Why some basidiomycete cultures died quickly when stored at 5C on plate or slopes?
and is there any method to return them back to life ? specially if the culture produce anamorphic stage ?
and what is the best preservation methods, also some died when stored at -80C in 10% glycerol after few months!!
Thanks in advance.
We are looking to stain zebrafish cells with BrdU. What are the Pros and Cons of the Intraperitoneal method vs adding the stain to the environment?
What is Cadmium toxicity?
How it binds Cadmium in human body?
What is the nature of Cadmium?
Which are the functional group of metallothionein?
. Does the pain for the survival of the human have any meaning?
. The cellular and tissue thermal or chemical lesion causes a sensation and avoidance reflex, to avoid further damage to the affected site
. The perception of cellular or tissue damage, by making the noxious stimulus conscious, induces, in a targeted manner, protective behaviors and limiting the damage.
. The Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral System, puts us in contact through our senses, with the internal biochemical and neurophysiological environment, in addition to experiencing the external or natural environment, through sensations and reflex acts, such as perceptions and behaviors to preserve the integrity of the organism.
I am trying the determine how effective HRV is at quantifying transient psychophysiological stress in comparison to blood pressure, the experiment comprises of 4 (45 second long) stressors with 3 minutes baseline in between. Which HRV frequency range ( LF, HF or LF/HF ratio) should I use and why ?
FDA has issued guidance to provide recommendations to health care providers and investigators on the administration and study of investigational convalescent plasma collected from individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 (COVID-19 convalescent plasma) during the public health emergency.
The guidance provides recommendations on the following:
- pathways for use of investigational COVID-19 convalescent plasma
- patient eligibility
- collection of COVID-19 convalescent plasma, including donor eligibility and donor qualifications
- labeling, and
- record keeping
Because COVID-19 convalescent plasma has not yet been approved for use by FDA, it is regulated as an investigational product. A health care provider must participate in one of the pathways described below. FDA does not collect COVID-19 convalescent plasma or provide COVID-19 convalescent plasma. Health care providers or acute care facilities should instead obtain COVID-19 convalescent plasma from an FDA-registered blood establishment.
I requirement to know the most trusty extractant for chlorophylls a and b.
COVID- 19
Respiratory infections can be transmitted through droplets of different sizes: when the droplet particles are >5-10 μm in diameter they are referred to as respiratory droplets, and when then are <5μm in diameter, they are referred to as droplet nuclei. According to current evidence, COVID-19 virus is primarily transmitted between people through respiratory droplets and contact routes.2-7 In an analysis of 75,465 COVID-19 cases in China, airborne transmission was not reported.
Droplet transmission occurs when a person is in in close contact (within 1 m) with someone who has respiratory symptoms (e.g., coughing or sneezing) and is therefore at risk of having his/her mucosae (mouth and nose) or conjunctiva (eyes) exposed to potentially infective respiratory droplets. Transmission may also occur through fomites in the immediate environment around the infected person. Therefore, transmission of the COVID-19 virus can occur by direct contact with infected people and indirect contact with surfaces in the immediate environment or with objects used on the infected person (e.g., stethoscope or thermometer).
Airborne transmission is different from droplet transmission as it refers to the presence of microbes within droplet nuclei, which are generally considered to be particles <5μm in diameter, can remain in the air for long periods of time and be transmitted to others over distances greater than 1 m.
In the context of COVID-19, airborne transmission may be possible in specific circumstances and settings in which procedures or support treatments that generate aerosols are performed; i.e., endotracheal intubation, bronchoscopy, open suctioning, administration of nebulized treatment, manual ventilation before intubation, turning the patient to the prone position, disconnecting the patient from the ventilator, non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation, tracheostomy, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
There is some evidence that COVID-19 infection may lead to intestinal infection and be present in faeces. However, to date only one study has cultured the COVID-19 virus from a single stool specimen. There have been no reports of faecal−oral transmission of the COVID-19 virus to date.
Probiotics are live microorganisms that are intended to have health benefits when consumed or applied to the body. They can be found in yogurt and other fermented foods, dietary supplements, and beauty products.
The virus is primarily spread between people during close contact, often via small droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, or talking. While these droplets are produced when breathing out, they usually fall to the ground or onto surfaces rather than remain in the air over long distances.People may also become infected by touching a contaminated surface and then touching their eyes, nose, or mouth. The virus can survive on surfaces for up to 72 hours. It is most contagious during the first three days after the onset of symptoms, although spread may be possible before symptoms appear and in later stages of the disease.
A hospital-acquired infection (HAI), also known as a nosocomial infection, is an infection that is acquired in a hospital or other health care facility. To emphasize both hospital and nonhospital settings, it is sometimes instead called a health care–associated infection (HAI or HCAI).
I work with female mice and I have this doubt. If they are all put together on the same cage, are all of them on the same estrous cycle stage?
If so, is there any literature that supports this?
I do not measure and/or calibrate estrous cycle because I do a protocol where I don't want the animals to be stressed by it.
Hello y'all
Could anybody recommend some papers on the ecological/physiological role of RiPPs on their producers, especially on cyanobacterial producers.
I've been trying to track any paper on this topic, but I've had no luck so far.
Thanks for the help
Jose
I am looking for solid reference to infer mean (human) plasma cortisol concentration of a time unit (e.g. 12hrs) from measured urinary cortisol concentrations (mean cortisol concentration of a 12hr unit, normalised to creatinine concentration). I need it to use a mathematical cortisol model, of which most published ones only use plasma concentrations, but I only have urinary measures.
Currently I am brute-forcing papers from 50-60 years ago, which doesn't quite help me. Is there anything more recent, or a physiology book that gives me more information about the topic?
Sofar I found that "Urinary free cortisol excretion increases directly in proportion to the
plasma unbound cortisol level (Beisel et al, 1964) and provides an integrated measure of
plasma free cortisol over time (Burke & Roulet, 1970). (from Carroll76)
Thank you very much.
Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. A medical professional who practices oncology is an oncologist. The name's etymological origin is the Greek word ὄγκος (óngkos), meaning 1. "burden, volume, mass" and 2. "barb", and the Greek word λόγος (logos), meaning "study".
Cancer survival has improved due to three main components: improved prevention efforts to reduce exposure to risk factors (e.g., tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption), improved screening of several cancers (allowing for earlier diagnosis), and improvements in treatment.
In my study I have exposed the volunteers to 4 separate 45 second stressors that are a mixture of modalities (audio/visual) and task types (emotion-evoking/cognitive) with 3 minute baselines in between. A continuous ECG is trace is taken throughout the experiment, from the gross heart rate I hope to work out heart rate variability. My aim is to test the validity of heart rate variability as an objective stress assessment method for psychophysiological stress. My question is at what point on the ECG trace for each volunteer would I analyse the gross heart rate to work out Heart Rate variability for each of the four stressors i.e. pre-stressor, post-stressor and why ?
The most accepted definition for RRP is " a small subset of the many vesicles in presynaptic bouton that is more readily released than other vesicles which are in the recycling and reserve pool", and RRP consists of "docked" vesicles. Well, can we increase the number of docked vesicles in the presynaptic terminal? If we do it, what is the physiological mechanism underlying this increment? Does this increment depend on the increase of intracellular Ca2+? Does the increment of the size of active bouton lead to the increment of the size of RRP?
I want to know the Hematopoietic stem cells' surface charge? is there any authentic article about that? and How we can measure this charge? what is the method or protocol as we know that assessment stem cells in in-vitro are difficult?
I grew Podocarpus seedlings at elevated temperatures for 16 weeks after which I ran temperature response curves using a Licor 6400 IRGA.
The optimum temperature for photosynthesis remained roughly the same for heat acclimated and none-heat acclimated plants, however, max photosynthesis decreased in the heat acclimated plants. The graph is attached!
Does anyone have an explanation for this?
Below is the project title:
This project will investigate how psychological stress and mental workload impact physiology. Using Heart Rate Variability in comparison to an array of ‘gold standard’ physiological measures to investigate how task interaction impacts on psychophysiological stress.
Physiometric analysis methods -
•Stethography
•Galvanometry
•Blood pressure
•Core Body Temperature
Which of one of the physiological measures stated above would be best to use to measure acute stress during a driving simulation and why ?
I want to know whether tumor cells share their information by time passing. I were wondering if anybody could answer my question and introduce some good resources in this regard?
I'm trying to set up KiloSort2 (https://github.com/MouseLand/Kilosort2) in MATLAB 2019a on Windows 10. Per the github instructions, I've successfully installed Visual Studio Community 2013 and am trying to set it as my compiler in MATLAB. However, when I enter the 'mex -setup' command, MATLAB tells me that there are no supported compilers on my machine.
While VS2013 isn't listed in the MATLAB documentation as a supported compiler, I know that a lot of people use KiloSort and KiloSort2 for spike sorting, so I'm wondering if anyone knows the proper work around or if there exists a different compiler that will get the job done.
Thanks!
Does garlic have an effect on this hormone and decrease or increase them?
The phenomenon of respiratory sinus arrhythmia is well known. But, I don't know (I am an engineer) the exact receptors, feedback mechanisms, cerebral control centres, etc. involved in this process. Also, experiments have shown that varieties of controlled deep breathing (pranayama) bring down the blood pressure (I have experienced this personally also, having become free of my hypertensive medications for the past 3 years, after having been dependent on them earlier for over 9 years. I want to understand the complete physiological mechanism. I shall be grateful to anyone, who can point me to relevant books, journal papers, review papers, etc.
Is chlorophyll content measured using SPAD meter is a physiological trait?
I am hoping to analyze HR collected and was looking for advice on methods for analyzing HR and linking it to specific tasks and/or overt behaviours
thanks!
If we have an unknown cell, for basic studies on its properties, we need to detect the combination of channels on the cell.except voltage clamp method,how we can do that?
for example If we have a new and unknown disease,we need to detect the combination of channels on the cell for Eliminating the disease agent.
- Pruritus is an unpleasant sensation that is usually secondary to a cytokine-releasing stimulus such as histamine.
- Histamine frequently produces a local inflammatory state at the site of a noxious stimulus, and its usual manifestation is pruritus.
- Scratching secondary to pruritus increases its intensity and a vicious circle is established.
- Pruritus frequently decreases with the use of anti-inflammatory analgesics, suggesting the transmission of the stimulus by means of painful or spinothalamic pathways.
There are many research articles exploring alpha glucosidase, salivary and pancreatic alpha amylase inhibition as a therapeutic target for reducing postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) in type 2 diabetes. Out of these three, which one is more important/superior and why?
I would like to do an experiment on the beta cells in which I would like to know what is the external pH surrounding the cells
In telecommunications, a transmission system is a system which transmits a signal from one place to another. The signal can be an electrical, optical or radio signal.
Can we consider some of the human body systems as transmission systems and then model it using telecommunications' concepts for better understanding?
If we do, can someone please provides some examples of these systems and determines their basic elements(message, transmitter, medium and receiver)?
We are seeing some interesting patterns when running different mouse species when stepping among different velocities and at different incline levels.
Can anyone suggest recent or classic papers/citations that describe exercise energetics of mice on treadmills?
Any insight on RER would be useful too.
Does anyone know how/if its possible to measure erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA) in living humans?
Hello all, anyone who can advice me on how to get efficient transduction of AAV9-virus in skeletal muscle of adult mice? I saw paper talking about tail-vein injection but in my hands it did not work at all .. Any suggestions?
Hi colleagues,
I am trying to test how pH may effect the behaviour of the skin of an animal. To do this, the first step is to understand what is the normal condition. How could I do it? In particular, it is an amphibian.
Hormesis is a concept to explain of adaptation of body to certain dose of Toxic substance. if some condition in exercise like of produce of Free radical, reactive oxygen species, decrease of pH and etc be a toxic condition for body can we called exercise for one of factor of hormesis? what is your idea?
Hello,
I would like to measure HRV in a group of exercisers. I have ten Polar h10 monitors to use. I have recorded a training session to analyze with kubios software.
1) After I export the data file in polar flow site (csv or tcx files), I can not open it in Kubios. I receive the error "invalid RR interval values (RR zero or negative!). File cannot be opened". Any suggestions how to address this issue?
2) Shouldn't H10 polar have a software to control data? For example, there is a polar team app for IOS tablets that can control individual heart rate monitors. How can I use simultaneous H10 HR monitors if the app (polar beat or polar flow) provided only permits to activate one at each time?
Thank you for your help.
I was wondering if the dialysis system has some sort of sensor to detect the right fluid inserted.
Many people use lenses in order to experience different eye color & also instead of glasses and etc.
It is important to bring lenses out of the eye ,daily otherwise side effects happen like dry eye disease.
So these lenses can be useful.
Is it possible?
If I had to choose from the list of best racers, the first one would have to be Mario Andretti. He is the only American racer to have won the Indy 500, Daytona 500 and a Formula Championship during his career which spanned over 40 years.
as we know a car racer have to concentrate on left,right,back and front at the same time,control the speed,stop the car at time,be careful about the other racers,be keen to check all the factors at the same moment.
A biomedical engineer has to control electricity,mechanics,physiology,materials and etc at the same time.
he has to handle all the factors and element together like a driver.
so do you think that Mario Andretti can be a professional biomedical engineer or a biomedical engineer can be a Mario Andretti?
I am going to induce acute myocardial infarction in rats by LAD ligation. As you know, the mortality rate in this model is usually high. What should I do to reduce the casualties?
I would be very grateful if you could give me some advice.
Trees don’t grow in deserts (e.g., Sahara). Why? – The answer to this question is based on a particular combination of evolutionary history, physiology and ecology.
Do you agree with this statement?
Could you explain your point of view?
[I’m a Brazilian biologist and writer. I write about science (mainly about population biology) and would like to know the opinion of colleagues from any field of scientific knowledge (and from other countries).]
See also Habitat, environment and ecological niche (https://www.researchgate.net/post/Habitat_environment_and_ecological_niche).
We can observe this for example on the abdomen of Hermetia illucens. Do you have any knowledge in this field or articles?
What is the molecular weight limiting of molecules that can across lipid bilayer membrane??
Can BDNF from gut somehow influence the brain? Can you suggest any papers on this topic? Is it rational to think BDNF could go to the brain through blood and surpass liver? Could BDNF alter gut neuronal plexus activity and influence the brain through afferent nerve fibers? Any other ideas?
Thanks,
Jan
Following a bergstrom needle biopsy or a microbiopsy, the site of sampling has to regenerate the missing tissue. Is this new tissue muscle tissue or scar tissue? Are there any differences between bergstrom or microbiopsy ?
Your lungs, liver and brain are arranged in lobes- why? Conceivably, lobes could render the body more mobile (e.g. lobes could ‘glide’ over each other, similar to scales on which slide past each other as a fish twist his body), but this argument only make sense for lungs and possibly liver. What is the functional value of growing organs in ‘lobes’?
