Z.X. Guo's research while affiliated with Jilin University and other places

... It was reported that the deep level emission of the ZnO is relative to the intrinsic defect centers [24−27]. According to our previous studies, the deep level emission of ZnO is mainly relative to the electronics transition from the bottom of conduction band to the antisite O Zn levels [24]. In our experiments, no deep level emission peaks were detected, which implies that the concentration of the antisite O Zn defects is very low (even may be negligible) in the tetrapod-like ZnO whiskers. ...

... Metallic coatings are needed for better corrosion [4,5] and wear resistance on the magnesium alloy. Electroless is well-established engineering and simple techniques for depositing a metallic coating where, a metal salt in solution is reduced to its metallic form on the surface of the work piece [6]. Electroless deposition is more suitable method to deposit metal-metalloid alloy coatings than electroplating, without applying an external electrical circuit and widely used as engineering coatings in mechanical, chemical and electronic industries. ...

... Also, functionally gradient materials (FGM) of complicated shapes are used widely for wear and corrosion resistant applications. In a research, microstructure, wear resistance and toughness properties of the laser sintered FGM was studied [26]. In a research in 2009, Foroozmehr et al [27] have investigated the effect of vibration on eliminating lack of fusion (LOF), porosity and un-fused materials at interface of clad layer and substrate. ...

... The mechanism involved in SHS is rapid and which accommodates quick heating and cooling resulting in quenching which makes the process feasible to have its impact at nano scale as well. Numerous researches have been carried out in SHS, Li et al. (2007) have developed Al-TiC composite by the method of SHS by using laser as ignition method. Al 3 Ti formation that results in the reaction process is controlled by unstabilizing the molar content ratio of C-Ti. ...

... Ganjali) effective energy and time saving method for synthesis of a variety of advanced materials [4].The SHS process has two basic steps: ignition of reaction, and propagation of reaction. The ignition is first initiated by an external heating source such as laser beam irradiation, radiant flux, resistance heating, spark or chemical oven, and then induced by the chemical reaction inside the heated materials [5]. Recently, SHS has been combined with mechanical alloying leading to better and faster combustion reactions [6]. ...

... Laser heating can be used to control the diameter of nanometer particles effectively and improve the bonding strength between the plating layer and substrate [113]. Zhang et al. [114] studied the effect of laser heating on 3Cr13 stainless steel after Ni-P-Al 2 O 3 was deposited under different laser power. ...

... The origin of this peak is still a subject of debate in the scientific community, and it is generally believed to arise from different defect states, such as V O and Zn i [57]. The visible emission appears in the violet luminescence at approximately 405 nm, 412 nm, and 422 nm for all thin films which can be ascribed to the transition of an electron from the Zn i defect level, located below the conduction band, to the valence band [58]. Nevertheless, as compared to the untreated ZnO, the violet emission intensity of the ZnO: UV and ZnO: MF films was found to be 2 times and 1.3 times lower, respectively, owing to a reduction in Zn i defects. ...

... The increased oxygen concentration (Figure 11d) and presence of carbide inhibitors (Figure 11e) during LPS made the WC grains even more rounded. Minor changes in shape of WC crystallites were also observed through the substitution of cobalt binder in WC-based cemented carbides using Fe [66][67][68], Ni [69][70][71][72][73][74], Al [75,76], Fe-Mn [77][78][79][80][81][82], Fe-Cu [83], Fe-Ni-Mo [84], Ni3Al [85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92], Ni-Cr [93], Y2O3 [94], Al2O3 [85,95,96], Ni, CoNi, NiCr, CoCr, CoNiCr, NiCrMo [97], MgO [98,99], ZrO2 [100][101][102], La2O3 [103,104], iron aluminides [65,[105][106][107][108][109], stainless steel [110][111][112][113][114][115] and titanium aluminides [116][117][118][119]. ...

... Additionally, the ductility can be modified by creation of nanostructure, so it could be used in cutting tools, high-temperature heat exchangers, different turbine components and heat-resistance coatings in the form of powder or bulk [6,7]. TiC is synthesized by different methods including direct reaction of Ti and C in temperatures higher than 2000 ˚C [8][9][10][11][12], thermal plasma synthesis [13], carbothermal reduction [14,15], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [16,17], petroleum coke salt bath [18] and self-propagating hightemperature synthesis (SHS) [12,[19][20][21][22][23]. According to Table 1 method, so as to be able to synthesize TiC or its composites and cermets just by mixing raw oxide materials plus carbon and magnesium by mechanical milling at ambient temperature. ...

... The austenitic group of stainless steel has a major composition of chromium, nickel, manganese steel, and minor amounts of other additional alloy elements [5,6]. Because of their exceptionally high toughness [7], good ductility [8,9], formability [10], thermal conductivity [11], good welding properties [12], nonmagnetic properties [13], high impact energy, and great corrosion resistance [14][15][16] they are widely used in applications of low-temperature technology [17] such as orthopedic [18] industries, ocean technology [19], aerospace [20], food processing equipment [21], nuclear reactors [22,23], manufacturing of several parts of automotive [24], petrochemical processing [25], etc. Austenitic stainless steels, which incorporate the AISI 316L stainless steel, have many applications in the industry due to their good mechanical characteristics and their exceptional corrosion resistance [26], especially in certain environments. Low hardness and poor wear resistance [27] are some of the main drawbacks of austenitic stainless steels and are therefore subject to various types of surface characteristics failure [28]. ...