Li-Qun Cai's research while affiliated with Weill Cornell Medical College and other places
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Publications (20)
High dietary fat and low phytoestrogen intake are associated with prostate cancer development and progression. Our previous study showed that exposure to a high fat diet significantly increased prostate 5α-reductase-2 mRNA and prostate growth in the rat. In the current experiments we determined the effects of genistein and 17α-estradiol on the modu...
To report a case of successful paternity from a male homozygous for 5α-reductase-2 deficiency.
Case report.
Academic center, division of reproductive endocrinology.
A 45-year-old Dominican man and his 32-year-old wife.
In vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
Pregnancy.
Viable twin gestation.
Men homozygous for 5α-reductase-2 de...
Androgen independent prostate cancer growth and metastasis are a major cause of prostate cancer death. Aberrant androgen receptor activation due to androgen receptor mutation is an important mechanism of androgen independence. We determined the effectiveness and mechanism of 17α-estradiol (Sigma®) in blocking aberrant androgen receptor activation d...
Prostate cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality in American males. Once prostate cancer has metastasized, there is currently no curative therapy available. The development of effective agents is therefore a continuing effort to combat this disease. In the present study, the effects and potential mechanisms of NSC606985 (NSC), a water-soluble c...
Blockade of androgen activity is a major effective therapy for advanced prostate cancer. Estrogen analogs have been used for prostate cancer therapy for years presumably by inhibiting testosterone biosyntheses, but with considerable adverse events due to their classic estrogenic activity. With the discovery of the estrogen receptor (ER) beta and it...
Many lesions associated with aging have been well-characterized in various strains of rats. Although documented in Sprague-Dawley and spontaneously hypertensive rats, polyarteritis nodosa has not previously been reported in ACI/SegHsd rats. ACII SegHsd rats were maintained on high-fat (40.5%), low-fat (11.6%), and high-fat to low-fat dietary protoc...
Tumor metastasis is the leading cause of cancer death. In the present study, we determined the effectiveness of ZYD88, a Chinese herbal formula, in the inhibition of tumor growth and distant tumor metastases to the lung and liver in an animal model with metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). Treatment with ZYD88 in adult C57BL/6 mice with metastati...
High-fat diet is a major risk factor for prostate cancer. 5alpha-reductases are potential targets of dietary fat.
Male ACI/Seg rats given either a low-fat or a high-fat diet at weaning or adulthood were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 10 weeks after dietary treatment. Prostate 5alpha-reductase mRNAs, plasma androgens, food consumption, prostate, and body w...
Androgens, the male sex hormones, play an essential role in male sexual differentiation and development. However, the influence of these sex hormones extends beyond their roles in sexual differentiation and development. In many animal species, sex hormones have been shown to be essential for sexual differentiation of the brain during development an...
Androgens via the androgen receptor (AR) play crucial roles in prostate physiology and pathophysiology. These androgen actions can be either inhibited or potentiated by estrogens. The mechanisms of these seemingly opposing estrogen effects are unclear. We studied the effects of estrogens on the modulation of androgen induction of prostate specific...
PROP-1 gene mutations result in impaired production of GH, gonadotropins, TSH, and prolactin. We describe three adult siblings, aged 18-25 yr, with short stature, hypothyroidism, and lack of pubertal maturation, who were homozygous for 301-302delAG PROP-1 mutation. We had the unique opportunity to treat them in adulthood with GH for 4-5 yr and thyr...
11beta-hydroxylase deficiency, an autosomal recessive disorder, is the second most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. We studied four subjects with classic 11beta-hydroxylase deficiency and severe hypertension: a 46,XX affected subject from a Turkish family with severe ambiguity of the external genitalia and hypertension, and three aff...
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in American males. Currently, there is no curative therapy available once prostate cancer has metastasized. A major systemic therapy for metastatic prostate cancer is anti-androgen therapy. Unfortunately this therapy is only palliative and rarely curative, and eventually the tumor cells develop res...
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in American males. Androgens play an essential role in prostate development, growth and pathogenesis of benign prostate hyperplasia, and prostate cancer. Although testosterone is the main androgen secreted from the testes, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a more potent androgen converted from testosteron...
Estrogen receptors (ER) and thyroid hormone receptors (TR) are ligand-dependent nuclear transcription factors. Estrogen-induced preproenkephalin (PPE) gene expression in the hypothalamus is directly related to estrogen-induced lordosis behavior in the rat. In the present study, we showed that the PPE mRNA level in the ventromedial hypothalamus of f...
Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is an X-linked inherited disease caused by mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. We have previously reported the largest kindred of CAIS, with 17 46,XY psychosexual and phenotypic females who lack secondary sexual hair. Analysis of AR binding indicated a receptor-negative form of complete andr...
We report a novel homozygous mutation of the LH receptor (LHR) gene in three siblings: two 46XY and one 46XX. The 46XY siblings presented with female external genitalia, primary amenorrhea, and lack of breast development. Hormonal evaluation revealed a markedly elevated LH level with a low testosterone level, which failed to increase after human CG...
Male pseudohermaphroditism (MPH) is characterized by incomplete differentiation of male genitalia in the presence of testicular tissue. Enzymatic defects involving androgen synthesis or action are causes of MPH. We studied the molecular genetics of a large isolated inbred Turkish kindred with MPH due to either 5α-reductase-2 (SRD5A2) or 17β-hydroxy...
Male pseudohermaphroditism results from the abnormal differentiation of male external genitalia in a genotypic male. One cause of male pseudohermaphroditism is a deficiency of 5α-reductase-2, the enzyme that converts testosterone to 5α-dihydrotestosterone in specific androgen-dependent target tissues.1–3 Males who are homozygous for the disorder us...
Citations
... 5-alpha reductases (5-α-R's ) are a family of isozymes that get expressed in multiple host organs as well as tissues which has central nervous system(CNS) as a part. 5-α-R's have a crucial role in controlling as well as generation of male sexual differentiation as well as metabolism [1][2][3][4][5][6]. 5-α-R's catalyzes the conversion of multiple gonadal, adrenal as well as CNS steroid precursors into active functional hormones as well as neuroactive steroids [9][10][11] ...
Reference: BV0301003 (1)-corrections done-minor needed
... SD, standard deviation. Data are collected from individual published values in patients with proven SRD5A2 mutations [Saenger et al., 1978;Odame et al., 1992;Hiort et al., 1996;Sinneker et al., 1996;Canto et al., 1997;Can et al., 1998;Nordenskjöld and Ivarsson, 1998;Ocal et al., 2002;Fernández-Ciancio et al., 2004;Bahceci et al., 2005;Hackel et al., 2005;Skordis et al., 2005;Kim et al., 2006;Baldinotti et al., 2008;Vilchis et al., 2008;Zhu et al., 2014;Bertelloni et al., 2016]. a Cut-off values: basal 10.5, peak 8.5 [Pang et al., 1979]. ...
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... Transforming growth factor (TGF)− 1 may be modulated by genistein to prevent the development of cancer cells [125]. The prevention of enhanced 5 R activity caused by exposure to a high-fat diet is another way that genistein slows prostate development in rats [126]. ...
... Infertility among these patients is due to several reasons: an impact of inguinal/abdominal temperature on spermatogenesis, impairment of germ cell maturation, low ejaculation, and viscous semen by underdeveloped seminal vesicles and prostate [Nordenskjöld and Ivarsson, 1998;Bertelloni et al., 2019]. Therefore, proven paternity has been rarely reported among 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency patients, either by natural conception [Nordenskjöld and Ivarsson, 1998;Bertelloni et al., 2019] or after assisted reproductive techniques [Katz et al., 1997;Matsubara et al., 2010;Kang et al., 2011;Costa et al., 2012]. Intriguingly, in both studies presenting natural conception, the patients carried 2 missense variants in the SRD5A2 gene in heterozygosity (p.Gly196Ser/ p.His231Arg and p.Arg103Pro/p.His230Pro) [Nordenskjöld and Ivarsson, 1998;Bertelloni et al., 2019], while the other cases with assisted paternity showed SRD5A2 variants in homozygosity (p.Arg246Trp/Arg246Trp and Arg246Gln/Arg246Gln) [Katz et al., 1997;Matsubara et al., 2010;Kang et al., 2011]. ...
... The small molecules 17-alpha-estradiol, emodin, alpha-tocopherol, and 17-betaestradiol were identified for molecular docking with MECOM, RCN2, and MBNL3 and all have been reported to inhibit tumor growth. 17-Alpha-estradiol has been shown to inhibit prostate-specific antigen gene expression, which in turn inhibited prostate tumor proliferation and growth 51 . Emodin is a pleiotropic molecule capable of interacting with several major molecular targets, including NF-κB, HER2/neu, HIF-1α, AKT/mTOR, STAT3, CXCR4, p53, and p21. ...
... Infertility among these patients is due to several reasons: an impact of inguinal/abdominal temperature on spermatogenesis, impairment of germ cell maturation, low ejaculation, and viscous semen by underdeveloped seminal vesicles and prostate [Nordenskjöld and Ivarsson, 1998;Bertelloni et al., 2019]. Therefore, proven paternity has been rarely reported among 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency patients, either by natural conception [Nordenskjöld and Ivarsson, 1998;Bertelloni et al., 2019] or after assisted reproductive techniques [Katz et al., 1997;Matsubara et al., 2010;Kang et al., 2011;Costa et al., 2012]. Intriguingly, in both studies presenting natural conception, the patients carried 2 missense variants in the SRD5A2 gene in heterozygosity (p.Gly196Ser/ p.His231Arg and p.Arg103Pro/p.His230Pro) [Nordenskjöld and Ivarsson, 1998;Bertelloni et al., 2019], while the other cases with assisted paternity showed SRD5A2 variants in homozygosity (p.Arg246Trp/Arg246Trp and Arg246Gln/Arg246Gln) [Katz et al., 1997;Matsubara et al., 2010;Kang et al., 2011]. ...
... The dysfunction of LHCGR causes hormone secretion disorders. For example, its inactivating mutation E354K induces inherited pseudohermaphroditism [9], while the activating mutation L457R causes testotoxicosis and oligozoospermia [10]. Thus, the elucidation of the LHCGR mechanism not only helps the understanding of GPCR function, but also provides hints for infertility and glycoprotein hormone-related drug design. ...
... The same results were published by other researchers who reported that the MG is considered the androgen target organ and plays a role in regulating lipid and gene expression production in the gland [38]. They added that any deficiency in the androgen leads to dysfunction of the MG, especially in women who are associated with changes in the MG, an increase in the symptoms and signs of dry eye, and altered lipid patterns in the secretion of the MG [24,39,40]. Another clinical finding is demonstrated as painful eye, high sensitivity to light, blurred vision, orifice metaplasia, and a decrease in the tear film break uptime. ...
... We also found that PENK mRNA correlated positively with ERα mRNA expression in the mPOA. Previous work in rats shows that estradiol treatment upregulates PENK gene expression and that ERα binds to response elements in the PENK promotor (Watson et al., 1986;Zhu et al., 2001). Thus, the correlation reported here could reflect a functional relationship between ERα and PENK expression. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/706671995265024-1545495141206_Q64/Donald-Pfaff.jpg)
... 3.4. Genapol ® Xe100 and Genapol ® Xe080 significantly alter the expression of androgen responsive genes AR acts as a ligand-dependent transcription factor to regulate the expression of androgen responsive genes (Mooradian et al., 1987;Zhu et al., 2003). VCaP cells, derived from prostate carcinoma, express AR wild type and androgen responsive genes (Korenchuk et al., 2001) which encode proteins that function in prostate carcinogenesis and inflammation (Meola et al., 2006). ...
