Erica Billig Rose's research while affiliated with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other places

... It is unsurprising that prematurity and respiratory and neurological/neuromuscular conditions were the most common predisposing factors. These conditions have been identified as risk factors for RSV lower respiratory tract infection [25,26]. Children with Trisomy 21 were over-represented, consistent with a clustering of risk factors for more severe infection in this group. ...

... Less than 10% developed severe disease that included myocardial dysfunction, shock, paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS), altered mental status, and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). Initial reports in paediatrics called attention to MIS-C with few reporting on the trajectory of isolated SARS-CoV-2 related PARDS [4]. ...

... In a previous study by Weldetsadik et al. [17] by enrolling 117 children from a single tertiary hospital, the positivity rate was 22.2%, which is in agreement with our age disaggregated report of a 22.8% positivity rate in children aged under 1 year [17] . Compared with studies in other countries, our overall positivity rate of 16.2% was also similar with that of the 15.5% in Senegal [18] , 14% in Kenya [19] , and 18% and 16.0% in China [20] . However, our study finding was lower than that of the study reports of 20.7% in Kenya [21] , 40.5% [22] in Morocco, and 46.1% in Kashmir India [23] . ...

... The second most common symptom in this study was cough (15.3%). This finding mirrors the findings of previous similar studies [11,19,30]. The mechanisms of cough after COVID-19 are multifactorial, including parenchymal sequelae and activation of the vagal sensory nerves, which leads to a cough hypersensitivity state [29]. ...

... Since then, despite the significant progress in immunizations against COVID-19, multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been detected that have decreased the effectiveness of the vaccines, making disease control still not possible. 1,2 Likewise, although the majority of SARS-CoV-2 infections are currently not fatal, people who recovered from an infection, even those people who had mild COVID-19 may present physical and neuropsychiatric symptoms that continue or develop after an acute COVID-19 infection (4 weeks or more after the initial phase) as part of a syndrome called 'Long COVID' (LC). 3 Its frequency ranges from 10% to 30% in patients who were managed as outpatients and up to 76% in hospitalized patients, 4 and it is estimated that approximately 100 million people are already with LC worldwide. An economic burden of 2.6-3.7 billion dollars has also been estimated, which includes reduced quality of life, absenteeism from work, and potential reduction in income. ...

... We enrolled paediatric patients ≥ 2 weeks of age (≥ 42 weeks post gestational age) and < 18 years of age who were mechanically ventilated with chest imaging consistent with acute pulmonary parenchymal disease and a confirmed positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction or antibody test, who did not exhibit MIS-C associated with COVID-19 [4,14] and were not enrolled into PROSpect. ...

... 2,11 Individual patients based on clinical signs, index of suspicion Recommendation: Test for VRI in infants who present with signs that could be consistent with infection, including apnea, bradycardia, fever, and poor feeding, 12 and respiratory findings, including congestion, cough, tachypnea, and respiratory failure. 13 Rationale: Rates of HA-VRI positivity in infants undergoing evaluation for suspected late-onset sepsis are up to 8%. 2,11 Although there is no direct treatment for HA-VRIs other than influenza, identification of a viral cause of the clinical presentation may decrease unnecessary antibiotic treatment for the patient and protect other patients in the NICU by prompt isolation of the index case. ...

... A longitudinal study of permanent workers in one of eight Hajj abattoirs found a low risk of zoonotic infection, but it did not take into account the temporary workers that make up the majority of the Hajj season workforce [163]. Contact with dromedary camels is a particular issue as it was implicated in sporadic MERS-CoV outbreaks reported in 2017 and 2018, indicating that zoonotic transmission can and continuously occurs [164]. Moreover, local camels were shown to have a higher prevalence of MERS-CoV infection compared to camels imported from Sudan and Djibouti [165]. ...

... HMPV mainly causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children with mild symptoms. However, HMPV can also occur in concentrated outbreaks among susceptible people, and even cause death in critically ill patients [2]. Notably, in an Iranian case report, three children co-infected with HMPV and severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) were found to have died, suggesting that HMPV may directly or indirectly influence susceptibility to and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 [3]. ...

... Clinical studies have shown that RSV can infect airway epithelium injured by various environmental insults. For instance, multiple studies have described RSV outbreaks in neonatal intensive care units and PICU due to barotrauma and volutrauma (27,28). Epithelial damage, further exacerbated by RSV infection, may be one mode allowing for bacterial superinfection (12) or greater penetration of inhaled allergens into the subepithelial space (11). ...