Barbara E. Hort's research while affiliated with University of Oregon and other places
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Publications (4)
Dimensions underlying the definition of items as feminine and masculine were examined in a set of three studies. Items chosen by children as belonging to males or females were used as the initial stimuli. These included traditionally stereotyped items such as a hammer and an iron, as well as more metaphorically related items such as bears and flowe...
Objects may be gender typed by virtue of their use by or association with one sex or the other or because they embody qualities that show a nonliteral or metaphorical correspondence to characteristics of or beliefs about males and females. For Study 1, we developed the Gender Stereotyping Test, a sorting task with which we determined that 4-, 5-, a...
This study examined the relationships among five measures that assess various cognitive components of the child's acquisition of gender. At around 2 years of age, children were given a task assessing their ability to accurately label as a boy or a girl some head-and-shoulders pictures of boys and girls. At 4 years of age, these children were given...
In the present research, 400 undergraduates were asked to describe their various construals of the male and female stereotypes using a modified form of the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ; Spence, Helmreich, & Stapp, 1974). Half of these subjects described their construals in terms of personality trait-adjectives and half described their con...
Citations
... Taylor et al. (2013) found that, when comparing the color preferences of British adults with those of Himba adults (a nonindustrialized population in rural Namibia), gender-typed pink-blue preferences are not universal and are based on culture. Thus, young children may establish gender-based knowledge on abstract attributes, such as color, as they gradually interact with the world around them (Leinbach et al., 1997;Yeung & Wong, 2018). It is interesting that even if children's responses are gender-neutral, some drawings show stereotyped aesthetics. ...
... Множество изследователи смятат хипотезите на Колбърг за правилни (Maccoby, 1990;Stangor & Ruble, 1987) и в унисон с теоретичния модел за полова идентичност. Според него полът е многоизмерно понятие в детското развитие и свързаните с него знания и поведение не вървят винаги ръка за ръка (Downs & Langlois, 1988;Hort et al., 1991;Huston, 1983). Изследванията, които подкрепят тази гледна точка в науката са насочени към анализ на половото разпознаване, а не към половото постоянство . ...
... In this respect, in Western culture masculinity is a more rigid identity than femininity (e.g., Herek, 2007;Hort et al., 1990;Martin, 1990;Thompson & Pleck, 1986) and its core components are essentially being heterosexual and avoiding feminine traits or activities (Herek, 1992(Herek, , 2000Kite & Whitley, 1998;Lehavot & Lambert, 2007). Masculinity, moreover, is more important to heterosexual men than femininity is to heterosexual women. ...
... The simple design was chosen to eliminate influences of visual stimuli: Explicit elements such as hairstyles [46], but also body posture, or ratio of chest, waist and hip [47] can be crucial in gender assignment to robots. This effect extends to simple shapes, when round, slender objects and curved lines are perceived more female than edged, bulky ones with straight lines [48][49][50]. Furthermore, aspects like texture [50] and color ("blue vs. pink") [51,52] may affect an object's gender assignment. ...
