Atsushi Murakoshi's research while affiliated with Tesco and other places

Publications (43)

Article
To reduce the number of crystal defects in a p⁺Si diffusion layer by a low-thermal-budget annealing process, we have examined crystal recovery in the amorphous layer formed by the cryogenic implantation of germanium and boron combined with sub-melt laser spike annealing (LSA). The cryogenic implantation at −150 °C is very effective in suppressing v...
Article
It is shown that a low-sheet-resistance p-type diffusion layer with a small diffusion depth can be fabricated efficiently by cryogenic boron and germanium implantation combined with low-temperature (400 °C) microwave annealing. Compared with the conventional annealing at 1000 °C, a much smaller diffusion depth is obtained at the same sheet resistan...
Article
A defect-free diffusion layer is found to be formed by the cryogenic ion implantation technique for arsenic dopants. The following thermal annealing completely recrystallizes amorphous layers through solid-phase growth, eliminating dislocation growth. Furthermore, substrate cooling drastically suppresses the melting of the substrate surface. It is...
Article
Cryo implantation by a rapid thermal annealing process was applied to achieve defect-free shallow junctions. Boron ions were implanted in (100) Si substrates cooled using liquid nitrogen, with temperature controlled at -160 degrees C or lower during ion implantation. It was found that an amorphous layer was formed by boron implantation and that the...
Article
A contact resistivity of 6.9× 10-9 Ω\cdotcm2 has been obtained in an AlSi (1 wt %)--Cu (0.5 wt %) alloy/silicon system by using heavy-dose ion implantations of germanium and boron combined with low-temperature annealing. The analysis of the combined state showed that B12 cluster was incorporated and the supersaturation activation layer was formed i...
Article
A new formation method for an ultra-low resistivity contact and structural analysis are discussed. In this study, a minimum contact resistivity of 6.9× 10−9 Ω·cm2 has been successfully obtained in an AlSi(lwt%)Cu(0.5wt%) alloy / Si system by using heavy dose ion implantations of Ge and B combined with low temperature annealing as low as 550°C. Stru...
Article
We propose a novel process module by using cryo-implantation and rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Boron or arsenic ions were implanted into a 8 inch (100) Si substrate which was cooled by using liquid nitrogen. The substrate temperature was controlled to be below at -160°C during ion implantation. It was found that an amorphous layer was formed by bo...
Article
Cryo-implantation technology is proposed for reducing crystal defects in Si substrates. The substrate temperature was controlled to be below at -160°C during ion implantation. No dislocation was observed in the implanted layer after rapid thermal annealing. Pn junction leakage was successfully reduced by one order of magnitude as compared with room...
Chapter
To visualize microstructural changes in rock with increasing hydrostatic pressure, a microfocus X-ray CT system was introduced that adopts a combination of an open tube X-ray source and a reflection target. This combination is fairly effective for getting the highest spatial resolution of 5 microns for wide ranges of the tube voltage and tube curre...
Article
In microscopic analysis, materials are characterized by a three-dimensional (3D) microstructure which is composed of constituent elements such as pores, voids and cracks. A material's mechanical and hydrological properties are strongly dependent on its microstructure. In order to discuss the mechanics of geornaterials on a microstructural level, de...
Article
Estimation methods for ultra-shallow profiling with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) were investigated. The depth and concentration of ultra-shallow profiles were calibrated using multi-delta-doped samples and bulk-doped samples. Boron profiles, whose implantation energy is 200 eV or less, were measured by backside SIMS analysis in order to m...
Article
We studied accurate depth profiling for ultrashallow implants using backside secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). For measuring ultrashallow dopant profiles such as 200 eV B implantation profiles, the effects of surface transient and atomic mixing are not negligible. We applied backside SIMS to analyze ultrashallow doping in order to exclude the...
Article
A polymetal dual gate dynamic random access memory (DRAM) for application specific memory (ASM) with dual nitrogen concentrated oxynitrides was developed for the first time. This technology uses selective nitrogen implantation performed just after gate oxidation. The nitrogen concentration of p-type metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) in gate dielectr...
Article
Using simple and damage-free n+/p Si diodes, a sensitive and comparative investigation is conducted on the suppression of CoSi2-induced leakage by ion implantation just before silicidation (pre-silicide ion implantation: PSII). Avoiding high dose implantation, junctions are formed by solid phase diffusion. These junctions allow basic and systematic...
Article
Estimation methods for ultra-shallow implants (boron and arsenic) were investigated. SIMS analysis enables accurate junction depth estimation for ultra-shallow junctions, when concentration and depth calibration methods using bulk-doped samples and multi-delta-structure samples are used together. Even with this advanced SIMS measurement, accurate i...
Article
The 35 nm gate length CMOS devices with oxynitride gate dielectric and Ni salicide have been fabricated to study the feasibility of higher performance operation. Nitrogen concentration in gate oxynitride was optimized to reduce gate current I<sub>g</sub> and to prevent boron penetration in the pFET. The thermal budget in the middle of the line (MOL...
Article
In shallow junction formation, the estimation of ion-implanted dopant doses is essential. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been widely used for the acquisition of depth profiling and quantification of boron implants. However, SIMS analysis is unsuitable for accurate quantification in shallow regions. In this study, we propose nuclear reac...
Article
Flash-lamp annealing (FLA) technology, a new method of activating implanted impurities, is proposed. FLA is able to reduce the time of the heating cycle to within the millisecond range. With this technology, an abrupt profile is realized, with a dopant concentration that can exceed the maximum carrier concentration obtained by conventional rapid th...
Article
We investigated the enhanced oxidation effect of using silicon (Si) implanted with fluorine (F), iodine (I), and xenon (Xe) before gate oxidation. I and Xe, which result in shallower implants because of their higher mass numbers, were expected to be less damaging to the Si substrate. The resultant increase in oxide thickness was found to be 20%, 80...
Article
The annealing process of implantation damage that induces transient enhanced diffusion during a subsequent thermal process such as low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) is optimized from the viewpoint of the process integration of an 80 nm physical gate length complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (CMOSFET) devic...
Article
We propose a channel engineering guideline for the low threshold voltage (Vth) metal oxide silicon field effect transistor (MOSFET) with metal gate, which is promising for highly miniaturized MOSFETs. For lowering Vth of metal gate MOSFET, counter doping is useful. However, a buried channel with heavy counter doping has several disadvantages, such...
Conference Paper
35 nm gate length CMOS devices with oxynitride gate dielectric and Ni SALICIDE have been fabricated to study the feasibility of achieving high performance with gate length scaling. The nitrogen profile in the gate oxynitride was optimized to reduce gate current and to prevent boron penetration in the pFET. The thermal budget in MOL & BEOL processes...
Conference Paper
Damascene metal gate MOSFETs with Co silicided source/drain and high-k dielectrics were successfully formed without agglomeration of CoSi<sub>2</sub> films. Good transistor characteristics were reproducibly obtained and shorter inverter delay was confirmed by 151 stage CMOS ring oscillators
Conference Paper
The mechanism of gate depletion in PMOS W polymetal (W/WN<sub>x </sub>/poly-Si) gate was investigated. It was found for the first time that the pile-up of boron (B) occurred at the WN<sub>x</sub>/poly-Si interface due to B-N formation and the B concentration in poly-Si decreased resulting in gate depletion. In order to prevent the B pile-up, we dev...
Article
Anomalously high parasitic resistance is observed when SiN gate sidewall spacer is incorporated into sub-0.25-μm pMOSFET's. The parasitic resistance in p<sup>+</sup> S/D extension region increases remarkably by decreasing BF<sub>2</sub> ion implantation energy to lower than 10 keV. It is confirmed that low activation efficiency of boron in p<sup>+<...
Article
Improved Ti self-aligned silicide (SALICIDE) technology for 0.1 ?m complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) using high dose pre-amorphization implantation (PAI) is developed. High dose PAI with As and Ge promotes the growth rate of silicidation on polycrystalline silicon gate even when its length is reduced to 0.1 ?m. Thus it achieves low...
Article
Ru films are fabricated by dc magnetron sputtering in an Ar/O2 ambient, as the bottom electrodes of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin film capacitors. The Ru films deposited on Si in an Ar/O2 mixture ambient show low resistivity and low film stress and do not form Ru2Si3 following thermal processing even at 700°C. It becomes clear that there exist very thin a...
Article
Super-saturation of dopant atoms in silicon has been attracting interest because a high concentration of carriers in silicon is required in practical applications and is scientifically important. A high hole concentration of about 1 × 1021 cm−3 is obtained by implanting boron into silicon substrate with a dose of 1 × 1017 cm−2. In such super-satura...
Article
Ru films are fabricated by dc magnetron sputtering in Ar/O2 ambient for the bottom electrode of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin film capacitors. The Ru films deposited on Si in ambient of 10% O2 do not form Ru2Si3 following thermal process even at 700°C. It becomes clear that there exist very thin amorphous and crystalline layers composed of Ru, Si and O betwe...
Article
The bandgap engineering method using a SiGe source structure is presented as a means to suppress the floating-body effect in SOI MOSFET's. Experiments using Ge implantation are carried out to form a narrow-bandgapped SiGe layer in the source region. It has been confirmed that Ge-implanted SIMOX exhibited a 0.1 eV bandgap narrowing with a relatively...
Conference Paper
With decreasing implantation energy of BF<sub>2</sub> lower than 10 keV, anomalously low activation efficiency as low as 15% in p+ source/drain extension of pMOSFETs is observed when SiN gate sidewalls are used. It is demonstrated that hydrogen from the SiN film diffuses into the p+ extension, and passivates boron acceptor. Significant decrease of...
Conference Paper
The substrate floating effect is the most fundamental problem in SOI-MOSFETs. Conventional countermeasures, such as body-contact, LDD structure are accompanied by area penalty, Id degradation and other drawbacks. To suppress this effect, we have proposed the bandgap engineering method, in which a narrow bandgap material is formed in the source regi...
Conference Paper
Recent progress in SOI technology is reviewed and problems which need be solved are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the substrate floating effect, for which the bandgap engineering method is proposed for the first time. It is demonstrated that Si-Ge formation in the source region can improve the drain breakdown voltage significantly
Article
A high hole concentration region of about 1×1021 cm-3 was generated without any post-annealing by the implantation of high doses of boron into silicon substrates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) absorption spectra revealed that B12 icosahedra were created in as-implanted samples. A new...
Article
It was found that a high concentration of holes was generated without any post‐annealing by boron ion implantation into silicon in the high‐dose region of more than 1×10<sup>16</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum revealed that B 12 icosahedra were created just after implantation...
Article
Full-text available
A 1.4 μm pixel size backside illuminated (BSI) CMOS image sensor has been successfully demonstrated. Fabrication process is based on a partial 65 nm logic technology with 300 mm wafer for the first time. Full color image has been obtained with VGA density test chip. Sufficient quantum efficiency (QE) curves with low crosstalk will be realized by is...

Citations

... Major requirements of anneal processing are high temperature and very short time [62]. During the last decade two new sub-millisecond annealing technologies have been available to semiconductor industry that provide both the high temperatures ranging from 1,200 to 1,350°C, and the short times ranging from seconds to milliseconds required by devices with gate length under 50 nm: laser spike anneal (LSA) [63] and flash lamp anneal (FLA) [64]. ...
Reference: Logic Devices
... Diode leakage studies for As and B implanted junctions showed consistently lower leakage current for cryo-implants (Fig. 2.28) compared to room temperature process [Suguro01]. The effects increased with ion dose used to form the diodes and were substantially larger for As implants at high doping levels. ...
... In view of the shrinkage of semiconductor electronic devices, accurate control of the distribution of dopant atoms in semiconductors and the variation of their electrical properties have become increasingly important. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Ion implantation has been commonly used in device manufacture for several decades due to precisely control of dopant distribution by choosing appropriate implantation doses and energies. Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) can restore the damages caused by ion implantation while substantially suppressing the diffusion of dopant atoms. ...
... However, a basic elemental analysis of irradiated fibers was not performed, and the boron concentration estimated using the elemental analysis of the irradiated composite remains lower (two times lower) in the reference state (~ 1400 ppm). To confirm the GDMS results, NRA (Nuclear Reaction Analysis) analyses, using the 11 B(p,α) 8 Be nuclear reaction described in the literature[74], were therefore performed to verify the boron content in the TSA3 fibers. The results revealed a concentration of 2400 ± 400 ppm. ...
... Thus, the charge carriers can easily "tunnel" through the narrow SBW into the channel resulting in Ohmic contacts. Conceptually, this approach is similar to that used in conventional Si CMOS technology where the S/D regions are degenerately doped by donor (e.g., P and As) or acceptor (e.g., B) species to facilitate carrier tunneling and low R C for n-and p-type contacts, respectively, at the metal-semiconductor contact interface [206][207][208]. ...
... Among various means proposed for thermal stabilization (such as interlayer formation with Ir and Co or Pt/Ni alloying, for which, however, procedural complications, process stability, and Pt removability are great concerns), 9,10) one of the most practical and convenient options is pre-SALICIDE ion implantation (PSII) prior to silicidation (e.g., with N, Ge, As, or BF 2 ). [11][12][13][14] In fact, regarding NiSi on Si(100), drastic leakage suppression by F implantation has recently been demonstrated. 15) Nevertheless, with respect to reduction of thermally induced leakage of NiSi on Si(110), a sensitive examination of PSII's efficiency for leakage suppression and a comparative investigation of the influence of crystal orientation have never been conducted. ...
... Therefore, the development of an ellipsoidfitting method for soil particles with complex shapes, such as simple ellipsoids, will be useful for numerical calculations using ellipsoidal particles. In previous studies, the particle length and the direction of soil particles have been evaluated on CT images by direct measurement methods, such as using calipers [27,28], or principal component analysis [17,18,29]. However, these methods have not been evaluated based on the strict definition of the ellipsoid. ...
... Another type of the standard material has a multilayer structure that has delta-doped layers considerably thinner than the other layers [7,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The advantage of this structure is that an almost constant sputtering rate can be obtained during the sputtering of the multilayer, and the delta layer can be a depth scale, if the distance between the delta-layers is measured accurately. ...
... Nanoparticle synthesis resulting from the phase separation of impurity atoms from the host medium is a very promising technique. [1][2][3] Such coalescence occurs under high-dose implantation for certain ions, if the concentration of implanted atoms exceeds 1 or 2 at. %. 1) For example, B 12 clusters were observed experimentally in the case of B ion implantation into Si at room temperature. ...
... This depth calibration can avoid the problem of the change of sputtering rate in the transient region. 17 Aligned HR-RBS measurements of the ion-bombarded Si (001) substrate (sample C) were performed using an HRBS500 instrument (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) to evaluate the 20 ...