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Adolescent Mindsets and the Education of Ethical Sensitivity

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... Implicit theories also affect goal choice in morally challenging situations; entity theory increases the tendency for ego-defensive action choices, such as lying, and incremental theory promotes honesty (Mueller & Dweck, 1998). Furthermore, since incremental theories are known to prevent helplessness responses and promote persistence after academic failures, there are good reasons to suspect that the same applies to ethical failures and that it is easier for children with incremental beliefs about personality to remain engaged with the moral domain even after ethical setbacks (Yeager, 2008). In short, it is of utmost importance for teaching morality, whether or not the teacher and the students all actually believe that ethical capabilities can be changed. ...
... This study provided further evidence for Yeager's (2008) claim that an important construct has been missing from the list of moral concepts relevant to moral education: implicit theories. We investigated the implications of teachers' implicit theories for practices of teaching morality and teaching morally. ...
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Implicit theories concerning the malleability of human qualities are known to have a powerful impact on motivation and learning, but their role in moral education is an under-researched topic. In this qualitative case study, we examined the impact of implicit theories on four Finnish teachers' practices of teaching morally and in teaching morality. The data include preliminary and stimulated recall interviews (STR) as well as classroom observations. Our results demonstrate the multiple ways in which teachers' implicit beliefs are communicated to students and influence teacher's interpretations and endeavors to educate the ethical capabilities of students. The study provides evidence for the claim that implicit theories are an important construct which has been missing from the moral education literature. Directions for future research are suggested.
... Lehrer*innen, die eine inkrementelle, wachstumsorientierte Grundhaltung aufwiesen, tendierten eher dazu, Schüler*innen darin zu vertrauen, zukünftiges Verhalten nicht notwendigerweise auf Grundlage vorhergehender Entscheidungen und Handlungen zu wiederholen, sondern in zukünftigen Situationen adaptieren zu können und weisen eher ein prozessorientiertes pädagogisches Denken auf (u. a. Rissanen et al., 2018Rissanen et al., , 2019Yeager, 2008). Lehrkräfte können wachstumsorientiert unterrichten, indem sie nach Rissanen et al. (2019) die folgenden vier Strategien anwenden: Unterstützung des individuellen Lernprozesses von Schüler*innen, Förderung von Kompetenzorientierung (Mastery Orientation), Durchhaltevermögen, Vertiefung des prozessorientierten Denkens von Schüler*innen (siehe Tab. ...
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Die Entwicklung der persönlichen, sozialen und ethnisch-kulturellen Identität stellt eine zentrale Entwicklungsaufgabe im Jugendalter dar. Insbesondere für Schüler*innen aus sozial und ethnisch-kulturell unterrepräsentierten oder marginalisierten Gruppen gestaltet sich dieser Entwicklungsprozess zwischen Erwartungen von Lehrer*innen, Mitschüler*innen und persönlichen Vorstellungen sowie dem Umgang mit Vielfalt in Schul- und Klassenkontext als zunehmend komplex. Dies kann mit einem erhöhten Belastungserleben und verminderten Schulleistungen durch Stereotype und Diskriminierung einhergehen. Entwicklungs- und sozialpsychologisch fundierte Ansätze bieten eine Möglichkeit, diesen Herausforderungen zu begegnen und das Belastungserleben zu reduzieren sowie Lernmotivation, Lernleistungen und Wohlbefinden zu steigern. Die dargestellten Interventionen heben dabei die Stabilisierung eines wachstumsorientierten Intelligenzkonzepts, die Fokussierung auf intrinsisch motivierende Werte und die Reflexion gesellschaftlich vorhandener Stereotype und Vorurteile auf die Stärkung persönlicher oder gruppenbezogener Identitätsanteile, das Wohlbefinden und die Lernmotivation hervor. Zudem werden Anforderungen, Gelingensbedingungen, Gemeinsamkeiten und Schnittstellen der Interventionen als identitätsschützende und -fördernde Anwendungen im Schulkontext diskutiert.
... Mindsets have been found to be very stable, but changeable through intervention (Blackwell et al., 2007;Dweck, 2012;Yeager, 2008;Yeager et al., 2011). Therefore, educators have a crucial role to orient students to the idea of increasing their abilities through effort (Dweck, 2009). ...
Article
This article presents two independent studies of Finnish teachers' conceptions of giftedness and considers whether it is a malleable or fixed quality. The first qualitative study examined elementary school teachers' (N = 212) conceptions via inductiveoriented content analysis, whereas the second study measured teachers' (elementary n = 184, secondary n = 279) conceptions with a quantitative approach. According to teachers' open-ended definitions, giftedness was seen to be multidimensional and a characteristic that differentiates the person from others. Giftedness was also described via cognitive, creative, and motivational features of the gifted. Furthermore, the two independent studies suggest quite different views on how Finnish teachers understand the developmental nature of giftedness: The first indicates that the developmental nature of giftedness was not frequently mentioned, whereas the second found that a malleable view of giftedness (i.e., a growth mindset) was dominant. Thus, this article highlights a need for in-depth and mixed-methods research designs to study how teachers see the developing nature of giftedness.
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