In Japan, the number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is estimated to be approximately 13 million. Of these, the number of dialysis patients, signifying the terminal stage of CKD, reached 282,000 at the end of 2008. Every year, over 37,000 CKD patients enter dialysis therapy due to diabetic nephropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrosclerosis, polycystic kidney disease, or
... [Show full abstract] rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (in descending order). Although the number of new dialysis patients due to chronic glomerulonephritis is on the decline, the number of new cases attributable to diabetes, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis is on the rise. In this paper, I present and seek the current status and problems related to CKD in Japan by examining the primary diseases.