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Turtles of the World, 7th Edition: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution with Maps, and Conservation Status.

June 2014

June 2014
5(7)

DOI:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v7.2014

Authors:

Peter Paul van Dijk

John Iverson

Earlham College

Anders G J Rhodin

H. Bradley Shaffer

University of California, Los Angeles

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Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 329

Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises:

A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group

A.G.J. Rhodin, P.C.H. Pritchard, P.P. van Dijk, R.A. Saumure, K.A. Buhlmann, J.B. Iverson, and R.A. Mittermeier, Eds.

Chelonian Research Monographs (ISSN 1088-7105) No. 5, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v7.2014

Turtles of the World, 7th Edition: Annotated Checklist

of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution with Maps, and Conservation Status

TurTle Taxonomy Working group*

*Authorship of this article is by this working group of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group,

which for the purposes of this document consisted of the following contributors:

peTer paul van Dijk

, john B. iverson

, anDers g.j. rhoDin

h. BraDley shaffer

, anD roger Bour

Co-Chair, IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group,

Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, Virginia 22202 USA [pvandijk@conservation.org];

Department of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana 47374 USA [johni@earlham.edu];

Chairman Emeritus, IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group,

Chelonian Research Foundation, 168 Goodrich St., Lunenburg, Massachusetts 01462 USA [rhodincrf@aol.com]

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Institute of the Environment and Sustainability,

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA [brad.shaffer@ucla.edu];

Laboratoire des Reptiles et Amphibiens, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France [bour.roger@gmail.com];

The diversity of all turtles and tortoises (chelonians)

in the world that has existed in modern times (since 1500

AD), and currently generally recognized as distinct by

specialists in turtle taxonomy and systematics, consists

of approximately 335 species, of which 56 are polytypic,

with 118 additional recognized subspecies, or 453 total

taxa of modern chelonians. Of these, 8 species plus 3

subspecies, or 11 total taxa, of tortoises and freshwater

aBsTracT. – This is our 7th edition of an annotated checklist of all recognized and named taxa of

the world’s modern chelonian fauna, documenting recent changes and controversies in nomencla-

ture through 2013, and including all primary synonyms, updated from our previous six checklists

(Turtle Taxonomy Working Group 2007b, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012; Rhodin et al. 2008). We provide

an updated comprehensive listing of taxonomy, names, distribution (now with maps), and conser-



taxonomic assignment of taxa in a hierarchical framework, providing annotations, including alter-

native possible arrangements, for some proposed changes. We provide common English names and

detailed distributional data for all taxa, listing occurrence by countries and many smaller political

or geographic subunits (states or regions), including indications of native, extirpated, and intro-

duced (modern or prehistoric) populations. We include current published and draft IUCN Red List

status assessments for all turtles, as well as CITES listings. The diversity of turtles and tortoises

in the world that has existed in modern times (since 1500 AD) and currently generally recognized

as distinct and included in this checklist, now consists of 335 species. Of these, 56 are polytypic,

representing 118 additional recognized subspecies, or 453 total taxa of modern turtles and tortoises.

Of these, 8 species and 3 subspecies, or 11 taxa (2.4%), have gone extinct. As of the current IUCN

2013 Red List, 135 turtle species (58.7% of 230 species listed, 40.3% of all 335 recognized modern





and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (TFTSG) of previously “unevaluated” species, and updated

draft re-assessments of previously listed species, allowing us to evaluate the overall current threat

levels for all turtles and tortoises. Of the 335 total species of turtles and tortoises, 107 (31.9%) are

-





species, then ca. 60% of all modern turtles and tortoises are either already Extinct or Threatened.

These numbers and percentages of threatened species have increased substantially since our last

checklist. Turtles are among the most endangered of the major groups of vertebrates, surpassing



key WorDs. – Reptilia, Testudines, turtle, tortoise, chelonian, taxonomy, nomenclature, genera, spe-

cies, subspecies, primary synonyms, suprageneric hierarchy, systematics, common names, distribu-

tion, introduced species, conservation status, IUCN Red List, CITES, threatened species, extinction

330 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

turtles have become extinct since 1500 AD (see Table 1),

leaving us currently with 327 species and 115 additional

subspecies, or 442 total taxa of living turtles and tortois-

es. Of all living turtle taxa, 7 species are marine turtles,

leaving 320 species and 435 total taxa of modern living

freshwater and terrestrial turtles and tortoises.

In this checklist we present a full taxonomic listing

of all recognized taxa, including synonymized names,

and provide annotations concerning recently described

new taxa, nomenclatural and taxonomic updates, and sig-

nicant taxon-related controversies or developments.

The 453 modern turtle and tortoise taxa we recognize

here are based on a synonymy of 1397 separate named

turtle and tortoise species and subspecies, including all

primary description names, secondary nomen novum re-

placement names, undescribed nomen nudum names, and

other nomenclaturally unavailable names.

We also recognize 1 order, 2 suborders, 4 superfami-

lies, 14 families, 13 subfamilies, 94 genera (plus 5 poten-

tially separate genera), and 3 subgenera of modern tur-

tles, for a potential total of 136 supraspecic groupings.

These groups are based on 449 valid and synonymized

names, for a total listing here of 1846 taxonomic names

applied to all modern turtle taxa and groups.

As there is always some disagreement among experts

as to which taxa are distinct and valid, and at what system-

atic level or rank (species or subspecies), these numbers

are variable depending on the authorities presenting their

data or interpretations. For prior discussions and listings

of all recognized modern turtle taxa, with extensive an-

notations regarding areas of recent taxonomic change, in-

stability, or controversy, see the previous publications by

the Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (TTWG 2007a,b,

2009, 2010, 2011, 2012), Rhodin et al. (2008), and the

turtle checklist produced for CITES by Fritz and Havaš

(2007). The latter is also an excellent source for full syn-

onymies, including nomina nuda, ex errore names, and

type localities.

METHODOLOGY

The Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (TTWG) func-

tions under the auspices of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and

Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (TFTSG), which

operates under the umbrella of the IUCN (International

Union for Conservation of Nature) and its Species Sur-

vival Commission (SSC). We rst compiled our check-

list of modern turtle taxa in 2007 (TTWG 2007b), and

have updated it annually to reect more recent changes,

as required by subsequent publications with taxonomic

novelties or proposed changes, as well as adding primary

synonyms for all recognized taxa (Rhodin et al. 2008;

TTWG 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012).

This checklist is now the 7th installment in this se-

ries and is current through about December 2013. As

this edition has expanded signicantly in content with

the addition of nomina nuda and nomina nova, as well

as subsequent usage names, plus individual distribution

maps for all 335 species and a few subspecies, it is be-

ing issued slightly late, a year and a half after the pre-

ceding issue.

This list includes all primary and synonymized de-

scription names, as well as all nomina nova and nuda

names of which we are aware. We have added nomen

nudum names in this year’s checklist for the rst time.

We continue to exclude most obvious ex errore names,

especially the profusion of recent egregious misspellings

in modern literature (especially in the popular literature

and other non-systematic biological sciences). In addi-

tion, we do not list variations in spelling of the two pat-

ronymic endings (-ii vs. -i), choosing always to use the

original orthography.

Our listing of nomen novum names takes a broadly en-

compassing approach and lists both justied and unjusti-

ed subsequent emendations, including substantial name

changes caused by early writers’ occasional tendencies

to create new or “better” names that they felt were more

appropriate or more correct. Many early names were also

unjustiably emended in order to try to comply with per-

ceived rules about word constructions and the use of non-

Greek vs. Greek letters, (e.g., c vs. k, as in Cinosternon

vs. Kinosternon, Cinixys vs. Kinixys). Occasionally, early

authors did not appear to remember what the previously

used names were, and simply came up with new spelling

variations, with these new names sometimes becoming

established in the literature for a while. This was espe-

cially true for the many names and spelling emendations

created and recorded by John Edward Gray between 1825

and 1874. Prior to the establishment of the International

Commission on Zoological Nomenclature in 1895, and

the publication of the rst edition of the Code of Zoo-

logical Nomenclature in 1905, these kinds of new names

and changes were fairly common and we do not consider

them to be simple ex errore typographical errors, and

therefore, we have instead recorded many of them as no-

mina nova.

As of this year’s edition, we have also added listings

of subsequent new combination names to reect how taxa

have been rearranged into new genera or different spe-

cic or subspecic levels. The new combination names

are listed in lighter gray text following each associated

primary name, arranged more or less chronologically

from oldest to most recently created combinations, but

without attributing authorship or date of rst use of the

new combination. We have attempted to list all known

subsequent combination names, but these listings may be

incomplete.

Original and synonymized taxon names (including

higher-category names) are listed using their original

spelling and genus-species combination as used by the

author at the time of rst publication of the name. Our

synonymies for genus- and species-level taxa follow,

to our best efforts, the strict and established nomen-

clatural rules established by the fourth edition of the

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 331

International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN

1999).

However, for the higher-level suprageneric catego-

ries used in this checklist, we have also provided some

synonyms and previously-used names for the same or in-

cluded groupings whose usage may not necessarily corre-

spond to nomenclatural guidelines under the ICZN. Since

the ICZN does not regulate names above the superfamily

rank, our listings of these names are intended to docu-

ment historical use to aid understanding and resolving the

difcult questions of what names are most appropriately

used for these suprageneric categories and to what author

they should be attributed.

For example, the names we list under the Order-level

name for turtles (Testudines) are not all strict synonyms,

as some were proposed at different levels of groupings,

from “Family” to Order to various supra-ordinal catego-

ries. Many were utilized primarily for including vari-

ous fossil turtle-like ancestors in an expanded concept

of turtles, including some rank-free Phylocode names.

The names we list in other infra-ordinal suprageneric

categories are not always strict synonyms either, as based

on nomenclatural acceptability or availability of the uti-

lized group name, but instead provide a partial historical

record for names previously used for the same or similar

grouping.

Our checklist includes all currently recognized

named taxa (species and subspecies) of modern turtles

(extant after 1500 AD). By “currently recognized” we

mean those taxa that have not been demonstrably refut-

ed or justiably synonymized in published literature, or

whose resurrection is yet to receive acceptance. We have

attempted to describe all recent published taxonomic rec-

ommendations in our annotations, even though we have

not included all proposed changes in the checklist.

Since there are sometimes also different interpreta-

tions for some genera and polytypic species as to which

names are valid and whether to lump or split the con-

tained taxa, we occasionally list recent alternative name

usages. Our most important criterion for accepting pro-

posed changes is that they be accompanied by adequate

data and sound arguments justifying the taxonomic revi-

sion. Consequently, some proposed taxonomic changes

from lists or publications with unsupported or untested

revisions have not been incorporated. We also list and

annotate recent systematic papers that do not necessarily

commit nomenclatural or taxonomic acts, but that present

data on phylogenetic or phylogeographic relationships

that either serve to further support currently understood

relationships, or are indicators of distinct lineages or po-

tential taxonomic changes to come. Occasionally we also

include annotations concerning dates of publication or

other bibliographic considerations.

Currently recognized modern turtles and tortoises

(genera and terminal taxa, including species and subspe-

cies) are listed in bold italics. Original description names

and synonymized names are in non-bold italicized text.

Higher suprageneric group-level names are listed in bold

non-italic text and are presented in an indented phyloge-

netic hierarchy. For competing alternative generic names,

we list them in phylogenetic order from most to least in-

clusive. All original names include authorship, year, and

page number.

Comments on names that have undergone recent

taxonomic change or are associated with instability or

uncertainty or other changes are indicated by superscript

numbers that refer to annotations at the end of this and

earlier checklists. See the Annotations section at the end

of the checklist for a detailed explanation of the scheme

used. A summary of all major taxonomic changes in this

checklist as compared to our previous one is provided

in Table 4; all minor changes are only included in the

annotations.

Turtle taxa that have gone extinct within modern

times (since 1500 AD) are labeled in bold as Extinct, and

are also listed in Table 1. As of 2013 this includes 8 spe-

cies and 3 subspecies, or 11 taxa (2.4% of all modern

turtle taxa) that are extinct.

Table 1. Modern freshwater turtles and tortoises that have gone

extinct since 1500 AD (8 species, 3 subspecies, 11 taxa), with

approximate or known extinction dates. For species that went

extinct during Holocene and Pleistocene times prior to 1500 AD,

see separate supplementary checklist (TTWG 2014b, in prep.).

Kinosternidae

Kinosternon hirtipes megacephalum

Viesca Mud Turtle

Mexico (Coahuila); ca. 1970

Testudinidae

Aldabrachelys gigantea daudinii

Daudin’s Giant Tortoise

Seychelles (Mahé?); ca. 1850

Chelonoidis abingdonii

Pinta Giant Tortoise, Abingdon Island Giant Tortoise

Ecuador (Galápagos: Pinta [Abingdon]); 24 June 2012

Chelonoidis nigra

Floreana Giant Tortoise, Charles Island Giant Tortoise

Ecuador (Galápagos: Floreana [Charles]); ca. 1850

Chelonoidis phantastica

Fernandina Giant Tortoise, Narborough Island Giant Tortoise

Ecuador (Galápagos: Fernandina [Narborough]); ca. 1970

Cylindraspis indica

Reunion Giant Tortoise

Réunion; ca. 1840

Cylindraspis inepta

Mauritius Giant Domed Tortoise

Mauritius (Mauritius); ca. 1735

Cylindraspis peltastes

Rodrigues Domed Tortoise

Mauritius (Rodrigues); ca. 1795

Cylindraspis triserrata

Mauritius Giant Flat-shelled Tortoise

Mauritius (Mauritius); ca. 1735

Cylindraspis vosmaeri

Rodrigues Giant Saddleback Tortoise

Mauritius (Rodrigues); ca. 1795

Pelomedusidae

Pelusios castaneus seychellensis

Seychelles Mud Turtle

Seychelles (Mahé); ca. 1950

332 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

as that is the domain for scientic Latin names. Instead,

common names tend to evolve and vary from area to area

and over time, as well as with language and cultural con-

text. However, in the conservation arena, the use of rea-

sonably widely recognized and appropriately descriptive

common names is critically important for communica-

tion purposes, and so we include English common names

here. Though also important for the global conservation

community, we do not include Spanish or French com-

mon names. Native vernacular names for certain species

are often extensive and imprecise, and in general we do

not list such names here, although a few commonly-used

ones are listed.

Taxonomic Changes

A prime purpose of this annual checklist is to record

taxonomic changes published in the literature, to evalu-

ate the strength of the data supporting those proposed

changes, and to recommend whether the community

should adopt or reject the proposed changes. The very

rst checklist (TTWG 2007b) was compiled on the ‘last

published revision’ principle, though reecting some al-

ternative arrangements through our use of the ‘Xxxx or

Yyyy’ arrangement. As the checklist has developed over

the years and is increasingly adopted as the taxonomic

standard by other groups and entities (IUCN Red List,

Turtle taxa that were originally described based on

fossil, subfossil, or archeological material, but subse-

quently recognized as representing extant taxa or synony-

mized with modern turtle taxa, are included on the check-

list and marked with a cross (†), and include stratigraphic

horizon and location data.

Those modern species and subspecies for which

in-depth informational accounts have been published

in this TFTSG monograph series on Conservation Biol-

ogy of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises (CBFTT), are

indicated by a CBFTT Account heading, with interac-

tive hyperlinks provided to the online published accounts

in dark blue typeface. We will gradually publish CBFTT

accounts for all non-marine turtle and tortoise species—

accounts also include recognized subspecies within the

account, but some subspecies have separate accounts and

are so indicated.

As of 28 February 2014 we have published 77 CBFTT

accounts covering 99 turtle and tortoise taxa; these are all

available online as downloadable open-access doi-des-

ignated pdf’s on the TFTSG website at www.iucn-tftsg.

org/cbftt/.

The checklist includes English common names for all

taxa. We have tried to provide the most commonly used

names, although occasionally we have provided two or

more names. We do not support the practice of designat-

ing “ofcial” or “standard” common names for species,

Table 2. The top turtle-rich countries (including ties) for all turtle taxa

(species and subspecies) or species per country, including freshwater

and terrestrial turtles and tortoises, and native sea turtles.

Taxa (sp. & ssp.) Species

Table 3. The top turtle-rich countries (including ties) for only fresh-

water and terrestrial turtle and tortoise taxa (species and subspecies)

or species per country, excluding sea turtles.

Taxa (sp. & ssp.) Species

1. USA, 59

2. Mexico, 48

3. Brazil, 35

China, 35

Indonesia, 35

6. India, 33

7. Colombia, 32

8. Australia, 31

Myanmar, 31

Vietnam, 31

11. Ecuador, 30

12. Thailand, 29

13. Bangladesh, 28

14. Venezuela, 24

15. Malaysia, 23

16. Congo (DRC), 22

South Africa, 22

18. Peru, 20

19. Laos, 19

20. Cambodia, 18

Congo (ROC), 18

Guatemala, 18

Papua New Guinea, 18

Tanzania, 18

25. Honduras, 17

26. Gabon, 16

Guyana, 16

1. USA, 88

2. Mexico, 64

3. India, 41

4. Indonesia, 39

5. Australia, 35

Brazil, 35

China, 35

8. Vietnam, 34

9. Colombia, 33

10. Myanmar, 32

11. Bangladesh, 30

Ecuador, 30

13. Thailand, 29

14. Venezuela, 26

15. Malaysia, 24

South Africa, 24

17. Congo (DRC), 22

18. Peru, 21

19. Laos, 19

Tanzania, 19

21. Cambodia, 18

Congo (ROC), 18

Guatemala, 18

Honduras, 18

Papua New Guinea, 18

26. Gabon, 16

Guyana, 16

Madagascar, 16

Nicaragua, 16

Panama, 16

1. USA, 82

2. Mexico, 58

3. India, 36

4. Indonesia, 33

5. Brazil, 30

China, 30

7. Australia, 29

8. Colombia, 28

Vietnam, 28

10. Myanmar, 27

11. Ecuador, 26

12. Bangladesh, 25

Thailand, 25

14. Venezuela, 21

15. Malaysia, 20

South Africa, 20

17. Congo (DRC), 19

Laos, 19

19. Peru, 16

20. Nepal, 15

21. Cambodia, 14

Congo (ROC), 14

Tanzania, 14

24. Bolivia, 13

Guatemala, 13

Honduras, 13

27. Namibia, 12

Papua New Guinea, 12

1. USA, 53

2. Mexico, 42

3. Brazil, 30

China, 30

5. Indonesia, 29

6. India, 28

7. Colombia, 27

8. Ecuador, 26

Myanmar, 26

Vietnam, 26

11. Australia, 25

Thailand, 25

13. Bangladesh, 23

14. Congo (DRC), 19

Laos, 19

Malaysia, 19

Venezuela, 19

18. South Africa, 18

19. Nepal, 15

Peru, 15

20. Cambodia, 14

Congo (ROC), 14

22. Bolivia, 13

Guatemala, 13

Tanzania, 13

25. Angola, 12

Argentina, 12

Gabon, 12

Honduras, 12

Namibia, 12

Papua New Guinea, 12

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 333

Taxonomy is both a summary of scientic knowledge and a language for biological communication. As such, it is critical

that taxonomic changes be carefully considered and based on strong, comprehensive underlying data to ensure that changes

are stable and long-lasting. We fully recognize that taxonomy and the systematics research on which it is based, is a dynamic

eld and that change is a sign of healthy science. However, we also recognize that taxonomic and nomenclatural stability are

of immense value to the wider community of biologists, conservationists, legislative authorities, and the public at large. Pauly

et al. (2009) argued that taxonomy should aim for stability and monophyly; in cases where these two objectives are in conict,

well-supported monophyly prevails over stability. Given the dynamic nature of turtle taxonomy, we believe that a series of best

practices can and should be followed that should lead to changes that are stable, informative, and long-lasting. We summarize

these best practices both to identify many of the key points in our group discussions on newly-proposed name changes, and

as a set of considerations for authors who are considering new name changes. We hope the community nds them useful. For

additional discussion, see TTWG (2007a), Pauly et al. (2009), and Kaiser et al. (2013).

1. A proposed taxonomic change must meet the ICZN criteria

for nomenclatural validity. Published names gain much greater cred-

ibility by being published in a peer-reviewed scientic journal or

equivalent publication standard. These standards include the 2012

emendations of the Code (ICZN 2012) regarding accepted methods

of electronic publication of new names.

2. Taxonomic changes above the species level should preferably

be suggested and adopted only when a currently recognized higher

taxon is demonstrably non-monophyletic. We share the view of the

global systematics community that phylogeny should be reected in

higher taxonomic categories, and that changes should be proposed

to “x” a non-monophyletic grouping. As discussed in 5) below,

non-monophyly should be based on multiple lines of statistically

well-supported evidence. As pointed out by Pauly et al. (2009),

the use of novel levels within a taxonomic hierarchy (subgenera,

supergenera, etc.) allows for the recognition of new/previously

known clades while still maintaining taxonomic stability within a

group.

3. Taxonomic changes should incur the fewest possible name

changes while resulting in a nal set of monophyletic taxa. We share

the view that taxonomic stability, and therefore the fewest possible

nomenclatural changes, is always a desirable outcome.

4. Avoid naming monotypic higher groups when possible.

As has been repeatedly stated in the literature, monotypic genera,

families, etc. provide only very limited information on group

membership, and therefore are less informative than alternative

schemes where higher groups have multiple species within them.

This may imply merging / lumping, rather than splitting, to resolve

issues of non-monophyly. On the other hand, monotypic higher

taxa emphasize the unique position of its contained (surviving)

taxon. Monotypic higher taxa have been recognized among

turtles for over two centuries, and many (though not all) contain

additional extinct taxa as well as a single surviving species. We do

not advocate eliminating traditionally recognized monotypic, and

usually reciprocally monophyletic,higher taxa (since that would

lead to taxonomic destabilization), but caution against proliferation

of monotypic higher taxa.

5. Taxonomic arrangements that are supported by several inde-

pendent character sets, provide strong statistical support for each, and

report reasonable concordance between different datasets are more

compelling than results from a single character set. Independence in

evolutionary studies is a complex concept. In systematics, indepen-

dence means that characters are not constrained to covary. For exam-

ple, when multiple genetically independent nuclear genes, or nuclear

genes and morphological characters, imply the same phylogenetic

relationships or species boundaries, they presumably do so because

both reect the evolutionary history of the contained lineages. How-

ever, two mitochondrial genes are far less independent, since they are

physically linked in the same non-recombining piece of mtDNA, and

natural selection, drift, or any other process act simultaneously on that

linked set of nucleotides. Single character (e.g., only mtDNA, or only

geographic distribution patterns) may reect the history of the spe-

cies, or they may reect the history of that one character. We strongly

recommend that individual characters (each nuclear gene, composite

set of mtDNA data, morphological, behavioral, and other characters)

be analyzed separately to test for concordance among multiple inde-

pendent data sets.

6. Conicting datasets may or may not provide convincing

evidence for monophyly, and thus for taxonomic changes. When

one dataset conicts strongly with several other independent ones,

there may still be strong support for the hypothesis supported by

multiple independent data sets. However, character conict may

often suggest that additional analyses or data are needed before

taxonomic changes should be endorsed and accepted.

7. Sampling should be comprehensive at the appropriate level.

Broad taxon sampling for species trees, with multiple specimens

from across the geographic range of each taxon, can help avoid

spuriously high statistical support values for apparent clades (see

Spinks et al. 2013 for a recent chelonian example).

8. Species delimitation studies should include broad geographic

sampling of all relevant taxa. Comprehensive geographic sampling

for each character from individuals across the ranges of all species

being considered is often critically important to correctly diagnose

new species. We recognize that comprehensive geographic sampling

may be difcult for rare species, but every effort should be made to

be as comprehensive as possible.

9. Studies that only evaluate a taxonomic or geographic subset

of the relevant group, or only make changes to some taxa without

evaluating the relevance of these changes to related taxa, are less

likely to be convincing and stand the test of time, and therefore

are less likely to be widely adopted. For example, a study that

elevates a particular subspecies to species rank, without examining

the taxonomic fate of the remainder of the species is unlikely to

be adopted until further supporting and clarifying information is

published.

10. The TTWG primarily reacts to taxonomic changes pro-

posed in the published literature, although we also will take under

consideration publications that are under review but not yet pub-

lished if they add additional information to a proposed change. Any

information that the TTWG members have access to can be used

to argue for or against adoption of a new taxonomic arrangement

proposed in a validly published publication, although in almost all

cases we rely on information that is either published or under re-

view in a peer-reviewed journal. The TTWG will not use informa-

tion from an as-yet unpublished study or manuscript to initiate a

taxonomic change. In very rare cases, the TTWG may decide to

make a new nomenclatural act, such as creating new nomenclatural

combinations.

TTWG Guidelines for Taxonomic Changes

334 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Reptile Database, and others), and informs nomenclatural

deliberations in CITES, ITIS, and other institutions, the

TTWG author team has increasingly felt a need to evalu-

ate both the scientic merit and the wider implications

of adopting proposed taxonomic novelties. Evaluations

have always been on a case-by-case basis, bringing the

diverse perspectives of the authorship team to bear on

the merits of each proposed change. We have considered

drafting criteria for adoption or rejection, but concluded

that every case is unique, making it unrealistic and un-

desirable to rely on a single set of “rules”. Instead, we

have formulated guidelines and considerations of what

increases (or decreases) the scientic credibility of a pro-

posed taxonomic novelty, and therefore the likelihood

of its adoption into (or rejection from) the TTWG turtle

checklist.

We have previously (TTWG 2007a) presented pro-

active guidelines for researchers proposing taxonomic

novelties; these remain valuable guidance also when

we evaluate new published names or arrangements. But

updating the checklist has required additional consider-

ations, which we describe here. None of these are all-

or-nothing decisions; instead, almost every proposed

taxonomic novelty, and the underlying supporting data

as presented in the publication, falls somewhere on a

continuum between ‘adopt unreservedly’ and ‘reject

outright’. The collective weight of evidence supporting

the proposed change (availability of name; strength of

supporting evidence; phylogenetic context; agreement

with other studies; effect on taxonomic stability) is de-

liberated (often very extensively) by the TTWG team,

and these deliberations lead to conclusions (often, but

not always, unanimous) on whether to 1) adopt or reject

a proposed taxonomic change, 2) include it as an ‘Xxxx

or Yyyy’ arrangement, or 3) suspend adoption until ad-

ditional, independent supporting or alternative data are

published. In the accompanying text box (see previous

page), we summarize our guidelines and recommenda-

tions for making taxonomic changes.

Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes often have

disruptive effects for legislation and other ‘users’ of

checklists. A degree of disruption is inevitable as phylo-

genetic knowledge accumulates; but we are more likely

to adopt proposed changes that have signicant ‘dis-

ruptive’ effects on widely-used names if such changes

are strongly supported by robust data; in contrast, we

are inclined to suspend adoption of novel names and

arrangements if they are based on weaker data sets or

do not greatly improve our overall phylogenetic un-

derstanding. As an example, we would be reluctant to

adopt a proposal to transfer a single species out of an

established genus to form a new, monotypic genus, a

move that would involve new names and combinations

without signicant improvement of our understanding

of the overall relationships of the group of species. We

repeat our recommendation (TTWG 2007a) that taxono-

my should not be driven by politics or opportunism, and

that the wider implications of taxonomic and nomencla-

tural decisions be understood and carefully considered.

We note that the ICZN (2012) has recently emended

the Code regarding accepted methods of electronic publi-

cation of new names. The revision permits electronic pub-

lication after 2011 only after the work (not the new name)

is rst registered in ZooBank (http://zoobank.org/; The

Ofcial Registry of Zoological Nomenclature). The work

must state the date of publication and provide evidence

that the registration has occurred. In addition, ZooBank

must register the precise electronic archive where the

work is to be published, as well as the ISSN or ISBN of

the work (new article 8.5). In addition, amendments to

the Code also clarify that preliminary electronic versions

of works due for publication on paper are unavailable

Table 4. Summary of new or resurrected taxa (*) included in this 2014 checklist and major taxonomic changes from TTWG

2012. See the annotations for a full discussion of all these changes; minor changes associated only with overlooked or previ-

ously synonymized names or dates of authorship or other primarily nomenclatural changes are not listed here, but only in the

annotations. This table does not include added synonymized fossil taxa, nomina nuda, or names not considered valid in 2012

or 2013 checklist (i.e., newly added synonyms).

TTWG 2012 TTWG 2014 Change

Macrochelys temminckii [Macrochelys temminckii muscati] unavailable name

Macrochelys temminckii [Macrochelys maxhoseri] unavailable name

Kinosternon Kinosternon or Cryptochelys provisional new genus for acutum,

angustipons, creaseri, dunni,

herrerai, and leucostomum

Kinosternon scorpioides abaxillare K. abaxillare or K. s. abaxillare subspecies provisionally elevated

Graptemys ouachitensis sabinensis Graptemys sabinensis or G. o. sabinensis subspecies provisionally elevated

Aldabrachelys or Dipsochelys Aldabrachelys ICZN decision consequence

A. gigantea or D. dussumieri Aldabrachelys gigantea ICZN decision followed

Geochelone or Centrochelys Centrochelys genus elevated

Testudo or Agrionemys horseldii terbishi Testudo or Agrionemys horseldii kazachstanica subspecies synonymized

Chelodina (Macrochelodina) rugosa Chelodina (Macrochelodina) oblonga ICZN decision followed

Chelodina (subgenus indet.) oblonga Chelodina (Macrodiremys) colliei ICZN decision consequence

Chelodina (Macrochelodina) rugosa Chelodina (M.) oblonga + Chelodina (M.) kuchlingi * taxon resurrected from synonymy

Elseya novaeguineae Elseya novaeguineae + Elseya schultzei * taxon resurrected from synonymy

Myuchelys Flaviemys + Myuchelys new genus split from Myuchelys

Myuchelys purvisi Flaviemys purvisi species placed in new genus

Pelusios seychellensis Pelusios castaneus seychellensis taxon changed to subspecies

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 335

(Art. 9.9), and that abstracts of meetings, presentation

texts and posters are unavailable for nomenclatural pur-

poses (Art. 9.10). Amended Art. 21.8 and new Art. 21.9

clarify that preliminary electronic versions do not bring

forward the date of publication, unless the electronic ver-

sion meets the requirements for availability of electronic

publications under Art. 8. This revision will clearly have

implications for taxonomic papers published in electron-

ic journals after 2011. Few new turtle taxa or taxonomic

acts have been described in electronic-version-only jour-

nals to date, but that is likely to change. Authors intend-

ing to publish taxonomic papers in electronic archives are

cautioned to read the text of International Commission

on Zoological Nomenclature (2012) carefully, and to fol-

low the guidelines precisely, at risk of having their work

inadmissible.

Distributions

We summarize distributions for all taxa on the check-

list, listing all nations and territories in which they occur

as native populations (see Tables 2 and 3 for the top tur-

tle-rich nations and the Appendix for more distributional

data). For several larger nations we also list political or

geographic subunits (e.g., states, provinces, regions, or

larger islands). We attempt to also indicate nations or ter-

ritories where species have been extirpated or where they

occur as non-native introduced or invasive species, or

where there are uncertainties as to occurrence.

For introductions, we attempt to distinguish between

two forms: (1) modern introductions (since ca. 1500 AD)

for those species that appear to have relatively well-es-

tablished or potentially reproducing populations in ex-

tra-limital areas primarily as a result of relatively recent

trade for food or pets or planned conservation introduc-

tions (labeled “introduced” or “modern”), and (2) earlier

historic or prehistoric introductions for those species that

appear to have native populations, but where population

genetics studies nd evidence of founder effects sugges-

tive of possible introduction by humans, or other disper-

sal events, during the last ca. 2000–3000 years (labeled

“prehistoric introduction?”).

For freshwater and terrestrial turtles and tortoises,

we compiled native and introduced distributions from a

combination of multiple published and database sources.

For native distributions we used Iverson (1992) and Fritz

and Havaš (2007) as starting points, added data from our

extensive database compiled by Buhlmann et al. (2009),

and added further data from the IUCN Red List, our

TFTSG-organized IUCN Red Listing workshops, our

published CBFTT species accounts, and several other

country-specic books and articles by multiple authors.

For introduced species, we used Kraus (2009) as a start-

ing point and added data from other publications and

online sources and databases. Finally, we also solicited

and received input from many members of the TFTSG for

corrections and additions to all the native distributions

and introductions data. Despite this effort, it is likely that

we have committed some errors of omission or commis-

sion, and we request that any corrections or updates be

brought to our attention so that they can be included in

future editions of this checklist.

For sea turtles, we compiled distributions from a

combination of IUCN Red List data, CMS (Convention

on Migratory Species) listings, and the extensive listings

of nesting sites and foraging ranges that the IUCN/SSC

Marine Turtle Specialist Group (MTSG) includes in its

SWOT mapping application (The State of the World’s Sea

Turtles) (http://seaturtlestatus.org/learn/maps/all), gener-

ously supplied to us by the MTSG. Based on these data,

we list sea turtle distributions in three distributional cat-

egories: 1) nesting: native regularly nesting populations,

2) foraging: native permanently foraging or regularly mi-

grating populations (but no evidence yet of regular nest-

ing), and 3) vagrant: temporarily foraging or migrating

animals not necessarily considered native.

Maps

In this edition of the checklist, we have now added

distribution maps for all species. All freshwater turtle and

tortoise maps have been produced by us. The sea turtle

maps are based on data generously provided to us by the

MTSG and SWOT (http://seaturtlestatus.org).

Map production began with point locality datasets

from Iverson (1992), based on the many museum-based

voucher specimens and published records amassed by

John Iverson over the years and updated on the EMYSys-

tem (http://emys.geo.orst.edu/). These datasets were then

supplemented by newer data and converted into shape-

les and edited and corrected and updated for content by

Iverson, Ross Kiester, Tom Akre, Kurt Buhlmann, Peter

Paul van Dijk, Arthur Georges, Anders Rhodin, Russ

Mittermeier, and Whit Gibbons, and analyzed by Buhl-

mann et al. (2009).

The original maps created this way were based on

constructing projected historical geographic ranges. This

was done by selecting GIS-dened hydrologic unit com-

partments (HUCs, at relatively coarse level 6 hydroshed

basins) with veried locality points, and then adding

HUCs that connected known point localities in the same

watershed or physiographic region and that had similar

habitats and elevations as the veried HUCs. As such,

these rst maps represented assumed geographic ranges,

but generally somewhat larger than reality, and required

further verication and adjustment.

These distribution shapeles were then further re-

vised and formatted by Rhodin using ArcGIS Desktop

10.1 (www.esri.com) as part of the recent IUCN-asso-

ciated BioFresh initiative (http://atlas.freshwaterbiodi-

versity.eu/), using ner geographic scales (hydroshed

basins primarily at levels 8 or 10, and some at level 12).

This allowed elimination of many higher-altitude regions

from the projected ranges (notably in areas such as the

336 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Himalayan and Andean foothills and other mountainous

regions), while keeping lower altitude HUC distribu-

tions in the same overall drainage basins, and in general

tightening up and reducing many of the projected ranges.

The maps have also been further revised through input of

data provided by authors of published CBFTT accounts

and participants in TFTSG-organized IUCN Red Listing

workshops, but still represent projected and assumed his-

torical ranges.

For some relatively cryptic, poorly known, or pos-

sibly questionable species, the ranges depicted in this

checklist are somewhat hypothetical, or at best general

approximations of their potential distributions. Species

that fall into this category include Pelodiscus axenaria, P.

parviformis, Cuora zhoui, Cyclemys enigmatica, Rafetus

swinhoei, Mesoclemmys heliostemma, M. perplexa, Che-

lodina gunaleni, C. kuchlingi, and Emydura tanybaraga.

Other apparently widespread species with signicant

documented phylogeographic differentiation in the form of

recognized subspecies or genetically-dened evolutionarily

distinctive units (ESUs) may eventually warrant recognition

as multiple taxa at the species level. Species that fall into

this category include Kinosternon hirtipes, K. integrum,

K. scorpioides, Emys orbicularis, Terrapene carolina,

Cuora amboinensis, Melanochelys trijuga, Chelonoidis

carbonaria, Testudo graeca, Testudo (or Agrionemys)

horseldii, Phrynops geoffroanus, and Pelomedusa subrufa.

Introduced populations that are clearly of modern

and recent historic origin are not included on these maps.

However, populations that represent possible prehistoric

introductions (whether genetically veried or hypoth-

esized as such) or possible prehistoric or more recent

natural range extensions are included.

The maps published here depict historical geograph-

ic ranges, as they are based on a combination of older

historical museum and literature data (Iverson 1992) and

more recent locality data, and do not in general reect

actual current areas of occupancy (AOO) of these spe-

cies. Most turtle and tortoise species have had their his-

torical ranges decrease considerably as a result of habitat

loss and degradation and/or overexploitation. As exam-

ples, the ranges depicted here for Batagur trivittata and

Geochelone platynota, both endemic to Myanmar, show

their historical ranges, rather than their current ranges,

which have been reduced by >90% and nearly 100%,

respectively. In general, all species assessed as Criti-

cally Endangered or Endangered on the IUCN Red List

or TFTSG Draft Red List have had their current AOO

ranges greatly decreased from historical extents. At some

point in future editions of this checklist we hope to depict

these differences in historical versus current geographic

distributions.

The maps depicted here can be used to approximately

calculate the historical extent of occurrence (EOO) of a

species, dened as the area of the minimum convex poly-

gon surrounding the most widespread recorded localities

for the species.

Sea turtle maps were generated from GIS data gener-

ously supplied to us by the MTSG and SWOT and show

documented nesting sites as red dots and generalized

foraging distributions for each species as shaded oceanic

distributional ranges comprising coalesced regional man-

agement units.

The maps published here represent work in progress,

and will continue to be updated and rened in future

checklist editions as we acquire new and improved

locality data. We strongly encourage and welcome our

readers and professional colleagues, especially eld-

based turtle specialists and other enthusiasts, to inform

us about proposed corrections and changes to these maps,

and to submit updated locality data on the presence or

absence of species in various locations for consideration

of incorporation into future maps (please submit to

Rhodin at rhodincrf@aol.com).

Conservation Status

We include current IUCN Red List conservation sta-

tus for all species. The status categorizations listed here

are current as of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Spec-

ies

, version 2013.2 (www.iucnredlist.org). Many spe-

cies that were determined to be Least Concern in 1996

were never formally listed (as per IUCN Red List proto-

col at the time), but the original determinations prepared

by the TFTSG in 1996 are still available and are indicated

here. As many species on the Red List need updating, ei-

ther because their previous evaluations are more than ten

years old, or because of recent conservation status chang-

es, we have also included the results of TFTSG Draft Red

List assessments for those species (through December

2013) to indicate their current provisional status, which

should be released on the ofcial IUCN Red List site in

the near future.

The TFTSG is the ofcial global IUCN Red List Au-

thority responsible for continuously updating IUCN Red

List assessments of all tortoises and freshwater turtles,

and this process is handled through multiple consensus-

building workshops and consultations. For a few species

from the South African region we have also added draft

Red List assessments done in 2010 by the South African

Reptile Conservation Assessment (SARCA) committee

(Hofmeyr et al. 2014).

Finally, we include status listings on CITES (Conven-

tion on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild

Fauna and Flora) Appendices I, II, or III, current as of the

12 June 2013 listing (http://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.

php). As such, this document brings together most impor-

tant aspects of taxonomy, names, distribution, and conser-

vation status of all turtles and tortoises of the world.

Recommendations

It is important to note that this list does not constitute

an ofcial recommendation by the TTWG or the TFTSG

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 337

or the IUCN regarding the validity or non-validity of any

included or excluded taxonomic names or systematic re-

lationships, as such matters are generally best left to spe-

cialists working in these areas. However, we have tried to

be consistent in our listing of what appear to be valid taxa

and relationships, based on criteria of published scientic

descriptions and proposed taxonomic changes accompa-

nied by data and sound argumentation (TTWG 2007a).

Our hope is that through this process, the TTWG and

the TFTSG may help stabilize and guide the uid state of

chelonian systematics and nomenclature, and provide a

standard reference source for updated taxonomy, system-

atic relationships, distributions, and conservation status

of all turtles and tortoises. The list should also provide an

impetus for ongoing and future work aimed at clarifying

and resolving areas of taxonomic disagreement and/or

uncertainty, as well as documented distribution patterns.

It is further foreseen that the TTWG itself will gradu-

ally expand and evolve as appropriate into a more global

endeavor. As part of this process, the TTWG is currently

also working in partnership with several turtle paleon-

tologists to compile a supplementary checklist of turtle

species that went extinct relatively recently, during Pleis-

tocene and Holocene times, in conjunction with the glob-

al rise and spread of humanity. This checklist should be

published fairly soon (TTWG 2014b, in prep.).

Please help the TTWG and the TFTSG keep this Tur-

tles of the World checklist up-to-date by e-mailing any

or all of us (addresses noted above) and including pdf’s

of any relevant articles about new taxonomic or distribu-

tional information and/or revisions that should be includ-

ed and annotated here in upcoming checklists, whether

you are an author on a paper providing updated infor-

mation, or have become aware of data that you believe

should be included. Also please inform us of any errors

or discrepancies in any of our data, especially for geo-

graphic distributions (native or introduced) in countries

or states, and for cited references and names, so that we

may update or correct them as necessary. For sea turtle

distribution data, please also submit additions and correc-

tions via the SWOT website. We want this checklist to be

as accurate, up-to-date, and comprehensive as possible,

and ask for your assistance to help us accomplish this

goal.

RESULTS –



To assess and summarize the current conservation

status of turtles and tortoises in the broadest strokes,

we provide an update and analysis of the most current

IUCN Red List (www.iucnredlist.org), as well as pro-

vide provisional conservation status of species still un-

der evaluation. The ofcial determinations of conserva-

tion status of turtles are provided to the IUCN Red List

by the TFTSG, which is continuously producing draft

assessments for previously unevaluated taxa as well as

previously evaluated taxa needing updates (necessary ev-

ery 10 years). Knowing the overall conservation status

and percentage of threatened species of turtles is impor-

tant in understanding how seriously they are endangered,

and how they compare with other imperiled organisms.

The current IUCN Red List (version 2013.2) formal-

ly lists 230 turtle species, 19 separate subspecies, and 9

regional subpopulations, using a slightly different taxon-

omy from the one presented in this checklist. Of the 230

species listed, 6 are Extinct (EX), 1 Extinct in the Wild

(EW), 31 Critically Endangered (CR), 44 Endangered

(EN), 60 Vulnerable (VU), 36 Near Threatened (NT), 1

Conservation Dependent (LR/cd; an old category being

phased out), 40 Least Concern (LC), and 11 Data De-

cient (DD).

By IUCN Red List protocol, Threatened species are

dened as those in the three categories of Critically En-

dangered, Endangered, and Vulnerable, meaning that 135

species are ofcially regarded as Threatened (58.7% of

the 230 species listed), with 75 species (32.6% of those

listed) considered Critically Endangered or Endangered.

Of the 335 species recognized as distinct (or possi-

bly distinct) on our checklist, 105 are not yet ofcially

listed on the IUCN Red List as species (although some

are listed as subspecies). Most of these apparently “un-

evaluated” species have in fact already been evaluated by

the TFTSG, rst in 1996, when Least Concern (LC) spe-

cies were not formally listed (as some are now), and then

more recently through a series of draft assessments. Of

these species, the TFTSG evaluated 53 as Least Concern

in 1996 (J.L. Behler and C. Hilton-Taylor, in litt.), and

these are marked as such on this checklist.

Further status assessments have more recently been

accomplished through an ongoing series of regional

IUCN Red Listing workshops held by the TFTSG. These

workshops have assessed both previously unevaluated

species and updated older previously evaluated species.

Since 1999 the TFTSG has held Red Listing workshops

in or for Asia, Mexico, the Mediterranean, India, Mada-

gascar, Australia, New Guinea, USA, northern South

America, southern South America, the Galápagos Is-

lands, Asia a second time, and most recently, Sub-Sa-

haran Africa (workshop held in Lomé, Togo, in August

2013). Additionally, SARCA has produced draft Red List

assessments for South Africa. Although not yet ofcial

IUCN Red List evaluations, we can use all these draft

evaluations to determine overall threat rates to all turtles

and tortoises. The current assessments that are based on

the ndings and results of these workshops, but have not

yet been nalized and published on the IUCN Red List,

are included in this checklist as ‘TFTSG Draft’ status.

Combining the formal listed assessments with draft

status evaluations for previously unlisted species and

draft updated assessments for currently listed but outdat-

ed assessments, yields the following total current status

numbers for all 335 species of turtles and tortoises: 8 Ex-

tinct (EX), 57 Critically Endangered (CR), 50 Endangered

338 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

(EN), 60 Vulnerable (VU), 39 Near Threatened (NT), 76

Least Concern (LC), 35 Data Decient (DD), and 10 Not

Evaluated (NE). This yields 107 species (31.9%) that are

Critically Endangered or Endangered, and 167 (49.9%)

that are Threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered,

or Vulnerable). If we also include Extinct species among

the Threatened categories (or more generally, “gone or

nearly gone”), then 175 turtle species, or 52.2% of all

currently recognized modern turtle and tortoise species,

are either already extinct or threatened with extinction.

We can provisionally adjust these numbers to account

for Data Decient species which may also be Threat-

ened. We follow the calculation method of determining

percentage of Threatened species utilized by Hoffmann

et al. (2010): the number of Threatened species (167) is

divided by the number of data-sufcient species (290),

i.e., the total number of species minus those Not Evalu-

ated (NE) and minus those that are Data Decient (DD).

This assumes that DD and NE species will have the same

percentage of Threatened species as data-sufcient spe-

cies. Using this calculation methodology, 57.6% of all

assessed data-sufcient turtles and tortoises are Threat-

ened, and 60.3% are Threatened or Extinct. For compari-

son, using the same methods, Hoffmann et al. (2010) de-

termined that 41% of amphibians, 33% of cartilaginous

shes, 25% of mammals, and 13% of birds were Threat-

ened. Turtles were surpassed only by cycads, with 62% of

their 300+ species Threatened.

No matter how we analyze these various percentages

of threatened species, turtles and tortoises, with anywhere

from ca. 50–58% of all their modern species Threatened,

are among the most endangered of any of the major groups

of vertebrate species, more than birds (ca. 13%), mammals

(ca. 21–25%), cartilaginous and bony shes (ca. 17–31%),

or amphibians (ca. 30–41%), and paralleled among the

larger vertebrate groups only by the primates (ca. 49%)

(www.iucnredlist.org, Hoffmann et al. 2010).

Acknowledgments

We extend special thanks to James Parham, a ma-

jor contributor and co-author on earlier versions of the

checklist, and a source of incisive input and analytic

debate. Specic thanks also for extensive detailed input

from Holger Vetter, Peter Uetz, and Scott Thomson.

We thank various members of the IUCN/SSC Tor-

toise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (TFTSG)

as well as other individuals who have provided pertinent

data or references or helped in various ways with input

or review of this and earlier checklists: Kraig Adler, Le-

andro Alcalde, Matt Aresco, Mark Auliya, Ernst Baard,

Sherif Baha El Din, Albert Bertolero, John Bickham, Tor-

sten Blanck, Ron Brooks, Ortwin Bourquin, Jim Buskirk,

Eng Heng Chan, Laurent Chirio, Marcelo de la Fuente,

Tomas Diagne, Andrew DiMateo, David Emmett, Alejan-

dro Fallabrino, Balazs Farkas, Oscar Flores-Villela, Uwe

Fritz, Eugene Gaffney, Arthur Georges, Justin Gerlach,

Scott Gillingwater, Eric Goode, Steve Gotte, Michael

Granatosky, Ute Grimm, Brian Henen, Craig Hilton-

Taylor, Margaretha Hofmeyr, Marinus Hoogmoed, Bri-

an Horne, Dale Jackson, Fred Janzen, Bob Jones, Ross

Kiester, Kenneth L. Krysko, Gerald Kuchling, Minh Le,

Thomas Leuteritz, Peter Lindeman, Jeff Lovich, Luca Lu-

iselli, Rod Mast, David Mifsud, Russ Mittermeier, Robert

Murphy, Simon Nemtzov, Vivian Páez, Fabio Petrozzi,

Hans-Dieter Philippen, Peter Praschag, Awal Riyanto,

Jose Vicente Rueda-Almonacid, Ray Saumure, Chuck

Schaffer, Jason Schaffer, Hans-Hermann Schleich, Sa-

bine Schoppe, Norman Scott, Will Selman, Shi Haitao,

Franco Souza, Phil Spinks, Bryan Stuart, Travis Thomas,

Robert Thomson, Oguz Türkozan, Dick Vogt, and Bruce

Weissgold. Distributional data on sea turtles from the

IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group (MTSG) and

SWOT (The State of the World’s Sea Turtles) was grate-

fully received from Bryan Wallace.

The Panaphil Foundation provided partial funding

support for PPvD, and HBS was partially supported by a

grant from the NSF (DEB-0817042). TFTSG-organized

IUCN Red Listing workshops and other redlisting efforts

have been generously supported by the Frankel Family

Foundation, Conservation International, the Turtle Con-

servancy, the Moore Family Foundation, George Meyer

and Maria Semple, Matt Frankel, the Turtle Conserva-

tion Fund, Chelonian Research Foundation, the Galapa-

gos Conservancy, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the

Andrew Sabin Family Foundation, and the Mohamed bin

Zayed Species Conservation Fund.

Map production and GIS-analysis by the TFTSG and

Chelonian Research Foundation was supported by the

BioFresh Project of the IUCN Freshwater Biodiversity

Unit, IUCN Species Programme, and Forschungsverbund

Berlin e.V., Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und

Binnenscherei. We thank Kevin Smith, Savrina Carrizo,

Will Darwall, Ackbar Joolia, Marcelo Tognelli, Adrian

Hughes, and Diego Juffe of IUCN for welcome techni-

cal assistance and support in our production of maps. We

thank Bryan Wallace, Rod Mast, and Ei Fujioka of SWOT

and Duke University for help with sea turtle maps.

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 339

CHECKLIST

moDern Taxa (since 1500 aD)

Phylogenetic Hierarchical Order and Content of

Suprageneric Categories used in this Checklist

TesTuDines ............................................... 335 spp., 453 taxa

 crypToDira ..................................... 253 spp., 359 taxa

__chelyDriDae ............................. 4 spp., 4 taxa

_chelonioiDea .................................... 7 spp., 7 taxa

__cheloniiDae ............................. 6 spp., 6 taxa

___careTTinae ....................... 3 spp., 3 taxa

___cheloniinae ...................... 3 spp., 3 taxa

__DermochelyiDae ...................... 1 sp., 1 taxon

_kinosTernoiDea ............................ 27 spp., 39 taxa

__DermaTemyDiDae ...................... 1 sp., 1 taxon

__kinosTerniDae ...................... 26 spp., 38 taxa

___kinosTerninae .............. 23 spp., 35 taxa

___sTauroTypinae .................. 3 spp., 3 taxa

_TesTuDinoiDea ........................... 183 spp., 268 taxa

__emyDiDae .............................. 53 spp., 92 taxa

___Deirochelyinae ............ 42 spp., 67 taxa

___emyDinae ...................... 11 spp., 25 taxa

__plaTysTerniDae .......................... 1 sp., 3 taxa

__geoemyDiDae ........................ 69 spp., 90 taxa

___geoemyDinae ................ 60 spp., 76 taxa

___rhinoclemmyDinae ........ 9 spp., 14 taxa

__TesTuDiniDae ........................ 60 spp., 83 taxa

_TrionychoiDea .............................. 32 spp., 41 taxa

__careTTochelyiDae ................... 1 sp., 1 taxon

__TrionychiDae ....................... 31 spp., 40 taxa

___cyclanorBinae ................. 7 spp., 9 taxa

___Trionychinae ............... 24 spp., 31 taxa

 pleuroDira ......................................... 82 spp., 94 taxa

__cheliDae ............................... 56 spp., 63 taxa

___chelinae ....................... 20 spp., 21 taxa

___hyDromeDusinae .............. 2 spp., 2 taxa

___cheloDininae................ 34 spp., 40 taxa

__pelomeDusiDae ..................... 18 spp., 23 taxa

__poDocnemiDiDae ....................... 8 spp., 8 taxa

TesTuDines Batsch 1788

(10:4, 12:6)

Testudinata Klein 1751:96 (invalid pre-Linnaean name)

Testudines Linnaeus 1758:194 (vernacular usage)

Testudinata Klein in Behn 1760:tab.gen.

Testudines Batsch 1788:437

Testudinea Batsch 1796:179

Cheloniens Brongniart 1800a:196

Chelonii Latreille 1800:xi

Chelonia Ross and Macartney 1802:tab.iii

Cataphractae Link 1807:51

Testudinata Oppel 1811:3

Perostia Ranesque 1814:66

Cataphracta Hemprich 1820:101

Chelonea Fleming 1822:268

Fornicata Haworth 1825:373

Chelynae Wagler 1828:861

Sterrichrotes Ritgen 1828:269

Chelonites Burmeister 1837:730

Chelonides Swainson 1839:112

Tylopoda Mayer 1849:197

Testudina Fry 1850:21

Chersemydes Strauch 1862:16

Rhynchochelones Dollo 1886:79

Cheloniae Hoffmann 1890:372

Testudoformes Chang 1957:50

Chelonomorpha Kuhn 1960:30

Casichelydia Gaffney 1975:4

Testudinomorpha Laurin and Reisz 1995:197

Pantestudines Joyce, Parham, and Gauthier 2004:996

• crypToDira Cope 1868b

(08:20)

Cryptodères Duméril and Bibron 1834:354

Cryptodera Lichtenstein 1856:1

(08:20)

Cryptodira Cope 1868b:282

__chelyDriDae Gray 1831d

(09:3)

Chelydrae Gray 1831d:4

Chelydridae Swainson 1839:113

Chelydradae Gray 1869a:178

____Chelydra Schweigger 1812

(07:2)

Chelydra Schweigger 1812:292

Cheliurus Ranesque 1815:75 (nomen nudum)

Chelonura Fleming 1822:270 (senior homonym)

Ophichelone Jarocki 1822:21

Rapara Gray 1825:210

Saurochelys Latreille 1825:92

Cheliurus Ranesque 1832:64

Emysaurus Duméril and Bibron 1835:348

Devisia Ogilby 1905:11

Chelydra acutirostris Peters 1862

South American Snapping Turtle

Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico (?), Bolívar (?), Caldas,

Cauca, Chocó, Córdoba, Magdalena (?), Nariño, Quin-

dio, Sucre (?), Valle del Cauca), Costa Rica, Ecuador,

Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Near Threatened (South America

regional)

Chelydra serpentina acutirostris Peters 1862:627,

Chelydra acutirostris

340 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Chelydra rossignonii (Bocourt 1868)

Central American Snapping Turtle

Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Campeche,

Chiapas, Tabasco, Veracruz)

IUCN: Vulnerable A2d (2007)

Emysaurus rossignonii Bocourt 1868:121, Chelydra

rossignonii, Chelydra serpentina rossignonii

Chelydra serpentina mexicanae Cope in Gray

1870c:64 (nomen nudum)

Chelydra serpentina (Linnaeus 1758)

(08:5)

North American Snapping Turtle, Common Snapping Turtle

Canada (Alberta, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Sco-

tia, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan), USA (Alabama,

Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida,

Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michi-

gan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana,

Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New

Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota,

Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South

Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont,

Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming)

Introduced: China, Japan (mainland), Taiwan, USA

(Arizona, California, Nevada, Oregon)

IUCN: Least Concern (2012)

Testudo serpentina Linnaeus 1758:199, Chelydra

serpentina, Emys serpentina, Chelonura serpen-

tina, Ophichelone serpentina, Rapara serpentina,

Saurochelys serpentina, Chelidra serpentina,

Cheliurus serpentina, Emysaurus serpentina,

Hydraspis (Chelydra) serpentina, Emysaurus

serpentinus, Chelydra serpentina serpentina

Testudo serpentaria Wiedemann 1802:191 (nomen

novum)

Chelydra lacertina Schweigger 1812:293 (senior

homonym), Chelydra serpentina lacertina

Testudo serrata Pennant in Gray 1830e:14 (nomen

nudum)

Testudo longicauda Shaw in Gray 1831d:36 (nomen

nudum)

Chelydra emarginata Agassiz 1857a:417

Devisia mythodes Ogilby 1905:11

Chelydra laticarinata † Hay 1916a:72 (nomen

suppressum, ICZN 1989) [Pleistocene, USA

(Florida)]

Chelydra sculpta † Hay 1916a:73 (nomen suppressum,

ICZN 1989) [Pleistocene, USA (Florida)]

Chelydra osceola Stejneger 1918:89

(08:5)

(nomen

conservandum, ICZN 1989), Chelydra serpentina

osceola

____Macrochelys Gray 1856a

(07:3)

Macrochelys Gray 1856a:200

Macroclemys Gray 1856b:48 (nomen novum)

Gypochelys Agassiz 1857a:248

Macroclemmys Strauch 1862:35 (nomen novum)

Macrochelys temminckii (Troost in Harlan 1835)

(09:4) (1)

Alligator Snapping Turtle

USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois,

Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missis-

sippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas)

IUCN: Vulnerable A1cd (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix III (USA)

Testudo planitia Gmelin 1789:1045 (nomen suppressum,

ICZN 1963), Chersine planitia

Chelonura temminckii Troost in Harlan 1835:158

(nomen conservandum, ICZN 1963), Emysaurus

temminckii, Macrochelys temminckii, Macrocle-

mys temminckii, Chelydra temminckii, Gypo-

chelys temminckii

Macrochelys oridana † Hay 1907:847 [Late Pleisto-

cene (Rancholabrean), USA (Florida)]

Macrochelys temminckii muscati Hoser 2013 (un-

available name)

(1)

Macrochelys maxhoseri Hoser 2013 (unavailable

name)

(1)

_chelonioiDea Oppel 1811

Chelonii Oppel 1811:8

Chlonopteria Ranesque 1814:66

Cheloniae Schmid 1819:14

Edigitata Haworth 1825:373

Oiacopodae Wagler 1828:861

Chelonidae Bonaparte 1831:64

Oeacopodes Burmeister 1837:731

Pterodactyli Mayer 1849:199

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 341

Chelonioidea Baur 1893b:673

__cheloniiDae Oppel 1811

(09:5, 12:7,8,9)

Chelonii Oppel 1811:8 (partim)

Cheloniadae Gray 1825:212

Carettidae Gray 1825:212

Mydae Ritgen 1828:269

Chelonina Bonaparte 1831:64

Cheloniidae Cope 1868b:282

___careTTinae Gray 1825

(12:7)

Carettidae Gray 1825:212

Carettinae Deraniyagala 1952:57

____Caretta Ranesque 1814

(12:8)

Caretta Ranesque 1814:66

Thalassochelys Fitzinger 1835:121

Caouana Cocteau and Bibron 1838:31

Halichelys Fitzinger 1843:30

Eremonia Gray 1873h:408

Caretta caretta (Linnaeus 1758)

(10:5) (2)

Loggerhead Sea Turtle

Nesting: Aruba, Australia (Queensland, Western

Australia), Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belize, Ber-

muda, Bonaire, Brazil (Bahia, Espirito Santo, Rio

de Janeiro, Sergipe), Cape Verde, Cayman Islands,

China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curacao,

Cyprus, Dominican Republic, Egypt, France, Greece,

Haiti, Honduras, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Libya,

Madagascar, Mauritania, Mexico, Montserrat,

Mozambique, Myanmar, New Caledonia, Oman,

Panama, Papua New Guinea (Trobriand Islands),

Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sierra

Leone, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tunisia,

Turkey, Turks and Caicos, USA (Alabama, Florida,

Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina,

South Carolina, Texas), US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu,

Venezuela, Yemen

Foraging: Albania, Algeria, Anguilla, Antigua and

Barbuda, Argentina, Bahrain, Barbados, British

Virgin Islands, Canada, Chile, Comoros, Croatia,

Djibouti, Dominica, Eritrea, Fiji, French Guiana,

Gambia, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guinea-Bissau,

Guatemala, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iran, Jamaica,

Kenya, Malta, Martinique, Mauritius, Monaco,

Montenegro, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands Antil-

les (Bonaire, Saba, St. Eustatius), Nicaragua, North

Korea, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Puerto

Rico, Qatar, Réunion, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Samoa,

Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sint Maarten,

Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Korea,

Sudan, Suriname, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad

and Tobago, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, USA

(California, Hawaii, Oregon), Vietnam, Western

Sahara

Vagrant: Angola, Benin, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon,

Congo (DRC), Congo (ROC), Ecuador, El Salvador,

Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Great Britain,

Guinea, Iraq, Ireland, Ivory Coast, Kuwait, Liberia,

Malaysia, Maldives, New Zealand, Nigeria, Thai-

land, Togo, Tuvalu

IUCN: Endangered A1abd (1996)

CITES: Appendix I, as Cheloniidae spp.

Testudo caretta Linnaeus 1758:197, Chelone caretta,

Chelonia caretta, Thalassochelys caretta, Caouana

caretta, Caretta caretta, Caretta caretta caretta

Testudo marina Garsault 1764:pl.675

(10:5)

Testudo cephalo Schneider 1783:303, Caretta cepha-

lo, Chelonia cephalo, Thalassochelys cephalo

Testudo caouana Lacepède 1788:95

(09:6)

(nomen suppres-

sum, ICZN 2005a)

Testudo nasicornis Lacepède 1788:103

(09:7)

(nomen

suppressum, ICZN 2005a), Testudo caretta nasi-

cornis, Caretta nasicornis

Testudo caouana Bonnaterre 1789:20, Chelonia

caouana, Caretta caouana, Thalassochelys

caouana

Testudo lauanna Meyer 1790:82

(09:8)

(nomen novum

et oblitum)

Caretta nasuta Ranesque 1814:66

Caretta atra Merrem 1820:17, Chelonia (Thalas-

sochelys) atra, Thalassochelys (Halichelys) atra,

Halichelys atra

Testudo corianna Gray 1831d:53 (nomen novum)

Chelonia pelasgorum Valenciennes in Bory de Saint-

Vincent 1833:planches, pl.6

(2)

Chelonia pelasgica Bibron and Bory de Saint-Vincent

1833:64 (nomen novum)

(2)

Caouana elongata Gray 1844:53, Thalassochelys

elongata, Eremonia elongata

Thalassochelys corticata Girard 1858:431

Caretta gigas Deraniyagala 1933:66, Caretta caretta

gigas

____Eretmochelys Fitzinger 1843

(09:5, 12:7,8) (3)

Eretmochelys Fitzinger 1843:30

Herpysmostes Gistel 1868:145

Onychochelys Gray 1873h:397

Eretmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus 1766)

(07:5, 09:9, 12:9) (4)

Hawksbill Sea Turtle

Nesting: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba,

Australia, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize,

Brazil, British Indian Ocean Territory, British

Virgin Islands, Cameroon, Cayman Islands, China,

Colombia, Congo (ROC), Costa Rica, Cuba, Cu-

racao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,

342 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Fiji,

French Guiana, French Southern Territories, Gabon,

Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-

Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia,

Iran, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Liberia,

Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Martinique,

Mexico (Campeche, Yucatán), Micronesia, Montser-

rat, Mozambique, Netherlands Antilles (Bonaire, Sint

Eustatius), Nicaragua, Oman, Palau, Panama, Papua

New Guinea, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Saint

Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the

Grenadines, Samoa, São Tomé and Príncipe, Saudi

Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sint Maarten, Solomon

Islands, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Taiwan, Tanzania,

Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos,

USA (Florida, Hawaii), US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu,

Venezuela, Vietnam

Foraging: American Samoa, Ascension, Bahrain, Benin,

Bermuda, Brunei, Cambodia, Cook Islands, Djibouti,

French Polynesia, Gambia, Ghana, Guam, Iraq,

Israel, Kuwait, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte,

Myanmar, Nigeria, Northern Mariana Islands, Paki-

stan, Peru, Réunion, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Society

Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Togo, Toke-

lau, Tonga, Tuamotu, Tuvalu, United Arab Emirates,

Wallis and Futuna, Yemen

Vagrant: Algeria, Angola, Cape Verde, Chile, Comoros,

Congo (DRC), Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Morocco,

Namibia, Nauru, New Caledonia, North Korea, Pit-

cairn Island, Portugal, South Korea, Spain, Uruguay

IUCN: Critically Endangered A2bd (2008)

CITES: Appendix I, as Cheloniidae spp.

Testudo imbricata Linnaeus 1766:350, Chelone

imbricata, Chelonia imbricata, Caretta imbri-

cata, Eretmochelys imbricata, Herpysmostes

imbricata, Chelonius imbricatus, Eretmochelys

imbricata imbricata

Testudo nasicornis Bonnaterre 1789:21

(09:7)

Chelonia radiata Cuvier 1829:14

Chelonia grisea Eschscholtz 1829b:13

(4)

, Chelonia

griseam

Chelonia pseudomydas Lesson 1831b:299

Chelonia pseudocaretta Lesson 1831b:302

Caretta bissa Rüppell 1835:4

(07:5, 09:9)

, Eretmochelys

imbricata bissa

Eretmochelys squamata Agassiz 1857a:382, Caretta

squamata, Eretmochelys imbricata squamata

Caretta squamosa Girard 1858:442 (nomen novum),

Eretmochelys squamosa, Eretmochelys imbricata

squamosa

Caretta rostrata Girard 1858:446

Onychochelys kraussi Gray 1873h:398

____Lepidochelys Fitzinger 1843

(12:8)

Lepidochelys Fitzinger 1843:30

Cephalochelys Gray 1873h:408

Colpochelys Garman 1880:124

Lepidochelys kempii (Garman 1880)

Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle, Atlantic Ridley Sea Turtle

Nesting: Mexico (Tamaulipas, Veracruz), USA (Texas)

Foraging: USA (Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Flor-

ida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts,

Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina,

Rhode Island, South Carolina, Virginia)

Vagrant: Algeria, Anguilla, Bahamas, Bermuda, British

Virgin Islands, Canada, Cayman Islands, Cuba,

France, Ireland, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, Spain

IUCN: Critically Endangered A1ab (1996)

CITES: Appendix I, as Cheloniidae spp.

Testudo viridisquamosa Lacepède 1788:92

(09:6)

(par-

tim, nomen dubium et suppressum, ICZN 1963)

Testudo viridisquamosa Bonnaterre 1789:20 (partim,

nomen dubium)

Testudo bomarii Meyer 1790:82

(09:8)

(partim, nomen

dubium et novum et oblitum)

Testudo mydas minor Suckow 1798:30 (partim, no-

men dubium et suppressum, ICZN 1963)

Thalassochelys (Colpochelys) kempii Garman 1880:123

(nomen conservandum, ICZN 1963), Lepidochelys

kempii, Colpochelys kempii, Caretta kempii, Lepido-

chelys olivacea kempii

Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz 1829a)

Olive Ridley Sea Turtle, Pacic Ridley Sea Turtle

Nesting: Angola, Australia (Northern Territory),

Bangladesh, Benin, Brazil (Bahia, Espirito Santo,

Sergipe), Brunei, Cameroon, Colombia, Congo

(ROC), Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial

Guinea, French Guiana, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala,

Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia

(Java, Papua), Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Malaysia,

Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Guerrero,

Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Sinaloa),

Mozambique, Myanmar, Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan,

Panama, Peru, São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone,

Sri Lanka, Suriname, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and

Tobago, Vanuatu, Vietnam

Foraging: Bahrain, Cambodia, Cape Verde, China,

Comoros, Congo (DRC), Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea,

Gambia, Guinea, Iran, Iraq, Israel (Southern), Ku-

wait, Liberia, Madagascar, Maldives, Mauritius, New

Caledonia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Philippines,

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 343

Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Singa-

pore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania,

Timor-Leste, United Arab Emirates, USA (Hawaii),

Venezuela, Yemen

Vagrant: Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Canada, Chile,

Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada,

Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Japan, Martinique,

Mauritania, Micronesia, Morocco, Namibia, New

Zealand, North Korea, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and

Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,

South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, Uruguay, US

Virgin Islands

IUCN: Vulnerable A2bd (2008)

CITES: Appendix I, as Cheloniidae spp.

Testudo mydas minor Suckow 1798:30 (partim, no-

men dubium et suppressum, ICZN 1963)

Chelonia multiscutata Kuhl 1820:78 (nomen sup-

pressum, ICZN 1963)

Chelonia olivacea Eschscholtz 1829a:3, Chelonia

caretta olivacea, Caretta olivacea, Thalassochel-

ys (Lepidochelys) olivacea, Caouana olivacea,

Lepidochelys olivacea, Caretta caretta olivacea,

Lepidochelys olivacea olivacea, Caretta olivacea

olivacea

Chelonia dussumierii Duméril and Bibron 1835:557

(nomen novum), Lepidochelys dussumierii

Caouana ruppellii Gray 1844:53 (nomen nudum)

Chelonia subcarinata Rüppell in Gray 1844:53 (no-

men nudum)

Chelonia polyaspis Bleeker 1857b:239 (nomen

nudum)

Chelonia dubia Bleeker in Gray 1864a:13 (nomen

nudum)

Cephalochelys oceanica Gray 1873h:408

Thalassiochelys tarapacona Philippi 1887:85, Tha-

lassochelys tarapacona

Thalassochelys controversa Philippi 1899:731

Caretta remivaga Hay 1908a:194, Lepidochelys

olivacea remivaga

___cheloniinae Oppel 1811

(12:7)

Chelonii Oppel 1811:8 (partim)

Cheloniadae Gray 1825:212

Mydae Ritgen 1828:269

Cheloniidae Cope 1868b:282

____Chelonia Brongniart 1800

(09:5, 12:8)

Chelonia Brongniart 1800b:89

Chelone Brongniart 1805:610 (nomen novum)

Chelonias Ranesque 1814:66 (nomen novum)

Chelona Fleming 1828:149 (nomen novum)

Mydas Cocteau and Bibron 1838:22

Mydasea Gervais 1843:457

Euchelonia Tschudi 1846:22

Megemys Gistel 1848:8 (nomen novum)

Euchelys Girard 1858:447

Midas Herrera 1901:68 (nomen novum et suppressum,

ICZN 1922)

Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus 1758)

(07:4, 09:5, 12:9,10)

Green Sea Turtle

Nesting: American Samoa, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua

and Barbuda, Aruba, Ascension, Australia (Northern

Territory, Queensland, Western Australia), Bahamas,

Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, British Virgin

Islands, Cayman Islands, China, Cocos (Keeling) Is-

lands, Colombia, Comoros, Congo (ROC), Costa Rica,

Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Dominica, Dominican Repub-

lic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea,

Eritrea, French Guiana, French Polynesia, French

Southern Territories, Gambia, Grenada, Guadeloupe,

Guam, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, In-

dia, Indonesia, Iran, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Lebanon,

Madagascar, Malaysia, Martinique, Mauritania, Mayo-

tte, Mexico (Baja California, Campeche, Michoacán,

Quintana Roo, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas,

Veracruz, Yucatán), Micronesia, Montserrat, Mozam-

bique, Myanmar, Netherlands Antilles (Bonaire, Sint

Eustatius), Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua

New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Réunion,

Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent

and the Grenadines, São Tomé and Príncipe, Saudi

Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sint Maarten, Sri Lanka,

Suriname, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad

and Tobago, Turkey, Turks and Caicos, USA (Florida,

Hawaii), US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu, Venezuela,

Vietnam, Yemen

Foraging: Bahrain, Benin, Bermuda, British Indian

Ocean Territory, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon,

Cape Verde, Chile, Christmas Island, Congo (DRC),

Cook Islands, Djibouti, Fiji, Gabon, Ghana, Greece,

Guatemala, Guinea, Iraq, Israel, Ivory Coast, Kuwait,

Liberia, Libya, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius,

Namibia, New Caledonia, Nigeria, Niue, Palau, Qatar,

Samoa, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, South

Africa, Sudan, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, United Arab

Emirates, Uruguay, Wallis and Futuna, Western Sahara

Vagrant: Algeria, Canada, Italy, Kiribati, Malta, Northern

Mariana Islands, Morocco, Nauru, New Zealand,

Portugal, Saint Helena, Slovenia, Solomon Islands,

Spain, Tokelau, Tuamotu, Tunisia, Tuvalu

IUCN: Global: Endangered A2bd (2004); Hawaiian

Subpopulation: Least Concern (2012)

CITES: Appendix I, as Cheloniidae spp.

Testudo mydas Linnaeus 1758:197, Chelonia mydas,

Chelone mydas, Caretta mydas, Mydas mydas,

Mydasea mydas, Euchelonia mydas, Megemys

mydas, Chelonia mydas mydas

Testudo macropus Walbaum 1782:112 (unavailable

name), Euchelys macropus, Chelone macropus

Testudo viridis Schneider 1783:299, Chelonia viridis,

Chelone viridis, Mydas viridis, Chelonia mydas

viridis

344 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Testudo japonica Thunberg 1787:178, Chelonia

japonica, Chelonia mydas japonica

Testudo marina vulgaris Lacepède 1788:54

(09:6)

(no-

men suppressum, ICZN 2005a)

Testudo viridisquamosa Lacepède 1788:92

(09:6)

(partim,

nomen dubium et suppressum, ICZN 1963)

Testudo viridisquamosa Bonnaterre 1789:20 (partim,

nomen dubium)

Testudo macropus Gmelin 1789:1038

Testudo bomarii Meyer 1790:82

(09:8)

(partim, nomen

dubium et novum et oblitum)

Testudo chloronotus Bechstein 1800:107

Testudo rugosa Daudin 1801:37 (senior homonym)

Testudo cepediana Daudin 1801:50

Chelonia virgata Schweigger 1812:291, Caretta

virgata, Chelone virgata

Caretta cepedii Merrem 1820:18 (nomen novum)

Caretta esculenta Merrem 1820:18, Chelonia

esculenta

Caretta thunbergii Merrem 1820:19 (nomen novum)

Chelonia maculosa Cuvier 1829:13, Chelone

maculosa

Chelonia lachrymata Cuvier 1829:13

Chelonia castanea Eschscholtz 1829b:11

(5)

(nomen

oblitum)

Chelonia midas Wagler 1830b:133 (nomen novum)

Chelonia bicarinata Lesson 1831b:301

Chelonia marmorata Duméril and Bibron 1835:546,

Chelone marmorata

Chelonia formosa Girard 1858:456

Chelonia tenuis Girard 1858:459

Chelonia albiventer Nardo 1864:1420

Chelonia agassizii Bocourt 1868:122

(07:4)

, Chelonia

mydas agassizii

Chelonia lata Philippi 1887:84

Chelonia mydas carrinegra Caldwell 1962:4

Testudo nigrita Tamayo 1962:358 (nomen nudum)

____Natator McCulloch 1908

(12:8)

Natator McCulloch 1908:127

Natator depressus (Garman 1880)

Flatback Sea Turtle

Nesting: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland,

Western Australia)

Foraging: Indonesia (Papua), Papua New Guinea (Southern)

Vagrant: Indonesia (Java, Lesser Sundas), Timor-Leste

IUCN: Data Decient (1996)

CITES: Appendix I, as Cheloniidae spp.

Chelonia depressa Garman 1880:124, Chelonia

depressus, Natator depressus, Natator depressa

Natator tessellatus McCulloch 1908:127

__DermochelyiDae Fitzinger 1843

(12:9)

Sphargidae Gray 1825:212

Sphargidina Bonaparte 1831:64

Dermatochelydae Fitzinger 1843:30

Athecae Cope 1871:235

Athecata Lydekker 1889:223

Dermochelyidae Lydekker 1889:223

____Dermochelys Blainville 1816

Chelyra Ranesque 1815:74 (nomen nudum)

Dermochelys Blainville 1816:111

Sphargis Merrem 1820:19

Coriudo Fleming 1822:271

Scytina Wagler 1828:861 (nomen novum)

Dermochelis Cuvier 1829:14 (nomen novum)

Dermatochelys Wagler 1830b:133 (nomen novum)

Chelyra Ranesque 1832:64

Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli 1761)

(12:9) (6,7)

Leatherback Sea Turtle

Nesting: Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba,

Australia (Northern Territory), Bahamas, Bangladesh,

Barbados, Benin, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Cam-

eroon, Colombia, Congo (ROC), Costa Rica, Cuba,

Curacao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,

El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, French Guiana, Ga-

bon, Ghana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guy-

ana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia (Java, Papua),

Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Malaysia, Martinique, Mexico

(Baja California Sur, Guerrero, Jalisco, Micho-

acán, Oaxaca), Mozambique, Netherlands Antilles

(Bonaire, Sint Eustatius), Nicaragua, Panama, Papua

New Guinea (Northern), Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and

Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,

São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone, Sint Maarten,

Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Suriname,

Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, USA (Florida),

US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam

Foraging: Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Belize, Bru-

nei, Cambodia, Canada (British Columbia, New

Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia), Chile,

China, Comoros, Congo (DRC), Croatia, Cyprus,

Egypt, Fiji, France, Gambia, Great Britain, Greece,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan,

Kenya, Kiribati, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Madagas-

car, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Micronesia, Montenegro, Monaco, Morocco, Myan-

mar, Namibia, Nauru, New Zealand, Nigeria, North

Korea, Palau, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Russia,

Samoa, Senegal, Seychelles, Slovenia, South Korea,

Spain, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tonga, Tunisia,

Turkey, Turks and Caicos, Tuvalu, Uruguay, USA

(Alaska, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia,

Hawaii, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 345

Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Rhode

Island, South Carolina, Washington)

Vagrant: Bahrain, Denmark, Djibouti, Eritrea, Iceland,

Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Maldives, Norway, Oman, Paki-

stan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden,

United Arab Emirates, Yemen

IUCN: Critically Endangered A1abd (2000)

CITES: Appendix I

Testudo coriacea Vandelli 1761:1, Chelone coriacea,

Chelonia coriacea, Dermochelys coriacea,

Coriudo coriacea, Scytina coriacea, Sphargis

coriacea, Dermatochelys coriacea, Dermochelys

coriacea coriacea, Chelyra coriacea

Testudo arcuata Catesby 1771:40

Testudo lyra Lacepède 1788:111

(09:6)

(nomen suppres-

sum, ICZN 2005a)

Testudo lyra Bonnaterre 1789:22, Chelonia lyra

Testudo tuberculata Pennant in Schoepff 1801:123,

Sphargis tuberculata, Dermochelydis tuberculata

Testudo lutaria Ranesque 1814:66 (junior homonym)

Sphargis mercurialis Merrem 1820:19 (nomen

novum et suppressum, ICZN 1956)

Dermatochelys porcata Wagler 1830b:explicatio

tabularum (nomen novum)

(6)

Testudo coriacea marina Ranzani 1832:3

(7)

Dermochelys atlantica Duméril and Bibron

1835:561, Dermatochelys atlantica

Sphargis coriacea schlegelii Garman 1884:303,

Dermochelys schlegelii, Dermochelys coriacea

schlegelii, Sphargis schlegelii

Sphargis angusta Philippi 1899:730, Dermatochelys

angusta

_kinosTernoiDea Joyce, Parham, and Gauthier 2004

Kinosternoidea Joyce, Parham, and Gauthier 2004:1003

__DermaTemyDiDae Gray 1870e

Dermatemydae Gray 1870e:714

Dermatemydidae Baur 1888b:595

____Dermatemys Gray 1847

Dermatemys Gray 1847:55

Chloremys Gray 1870c:50

Limnochelone Werner 1901b:297

Dermatemys mawii Gray 1847

(8)

Central American River Turtle

Belize, Guatemala, Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Quin-

tana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz)

CBFTT Account: Vogt, Polisar, Moll, and

Gonzalez-Porter 2011

IUCN: Critically Endangered A2abd+4d (2006)

CITES: Appendix II

Dermatemys mawii Gray 1847:55, Emys mawii

Emys berardii Duméril and Bibron in Duméril and

Duméril 1851:11, Ptychemys berardii, Clemmys

berardii, Dermatemys berardii

Dermatemys abnormis Cope 1868a:120, Chloremys

abnormis

Dermatemys salvinii Gray 1870c:50

Limnochelone micrura Werner 1901b:298

Dermatemys mawei Neill and Allen 1959:28 (nomen

novum)

__kinosTerniDae Agassiz 1857a

(9)

Cinosternoidae Agassiz 1857a:249

Kinosterna Gray 1869a:180

Kinosternidae Hay 1892:560

___kinosTerninae Agassiz 1857a

(9)

Cinosternoidae Agassiz 1857a:249

Kinosternina Gray 1869a:180

Kinosterninae Lindholm 1929:277

____Kinosternon Spix 1824

(9)

Monoclida Ranesque 1815:75 (nomen nudum)

Uronyx Ranesque 1815:75 (nomen nudum)

Kinosternon Spix 1824:17 (nomen conservandum,

ICZN 1989)

Kinosternum Bonaparte 1830:166 (nomen novum)

Cinosternon Wagler 1830b:137 (nomen novum)

Monoclida Ranesque 1832:64

Uronyx Ranesque 1832:64

Cinosternum Burmeister 1837:731 (nomen novum)

Swanka Gray 1844:32

Thyrosternum Agassiz 1857a:418

Platythyra Agassiz 1857a:420

Cinosternos Herrera 1901:35 (nomen novum et sup-

pressum, ICZN 1922)

Cryptochelys Iverson, Le, and Ingram 2013:933

(partim)

(9)

Kinosternon abaxillare Baur in Stejneger 1925

(10)

K. scorpioides abaxillare

Central Chiapas Mud Turtle

Mexico (Chiapas)

Kinosternon abaxillare Baur in Stejneger 1925:462,

Kinosternon scorpioides abaxillare, Kinosternon

cruentatum abaxillare

346 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Kinosternon acutum Gray 1831d

(9)

Cryptochelys acuta

Tabasco Mud Turtle

Belize, Guatemala, Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Ta-

basco, Veracruz)

CBFTT Account: Iverson and Vogt 2011

IUCN: Near Threatened (1996)

Kinosternon scorpioides acuta Gray 1831d:34,

Kinosternon acutum, Cryptochelys acuta

Cinosternum berendtianum Cope 1865:189,

Cinosternon berendtianum, Kinosternon

berendtianum

Cinosternon effeldtii Peters 1873:603, Cinosternum

effeldtii

Kinosternon alamosae Berry and Legler 1980

Alamos Mud Turtle

Mexico (Sinaloa, Sonora)

IUCN: Data Decient (2007)

Kinosternon alamose Pritchard 1979:556 (nomen

suppressum, ICZN 1985c)

Kinosternon alamosae Berry and Legler 1980:1 (no-

men conservandum, ICZN 1985c)

Kinosternon angustipons Legler 1965

(9)

Cryptochelys angustipons

Narrow-bridged Mud Turtle

Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama

IUCN: Vulnerable B1+2c (1996)

Kinosternon angustipons Legler 1965:617, Crypto-

chelys angustipons

Kinosternon arizonense Gilmore 1923

(07:6, 09:10)

Arizona Mud Turtle

Mexico (Sonora), USA (Arizona)

IUCN: Least Concern (2007)

Kinosternon arizonense † Gilmore 1923:2

(09:10)

[Pleistocene, USA (Arizona)], Kinosternon ave-

scens arizonense

Kinosternon avescens stejnegeri Hartweg 1938:1

Kinosternon baurii Garman 1891

Striped Mud Turtle

USA (Alabama?, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South

Carolina, Virginia)

IUCN: Least Concern (2011)

Cinosternum baurii Garman 1891:141, Kinosternon

baurii, Kinosternon baurii baurii

Kinosternon bauri palmarum Stejneger 1925:463,

Kinosternon baurii palmarum

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 347

Kinosternon chimalhuaca Berry, Seidel, and Iverson in

Rogner 1996

(07:7) (11)

Jalisco Mud Turtle

Mexico (Colima, Jalisco)

IUCN: Least Concern (2007)

Kinosternon chimalhuaca Berry, Seidel, and Iverson

in Rogner 1996:23

Kinosternon chimalhuaca Berry, Seidel, and Iverson

1997:331

Kinosternon creaseri Hartweg 1934

(9)

Cryptochelys creaseri

Creaser’s Mud Turtle

Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Yucatán)

IUCN: Least Concern (2007)

Kinosternon creaseri Hartweg 1934:1, Cryptochelys

creaseri

Kinosternon dunni Schmidt 1947

(9)

Cryptochelys dunni

Dunn’s Mud Turtle

Colombia (Chocó, Valle del Cauca [?])

CBFTT Account: Iverson, Carr, Castaño-Mora, Galvis-

Rizo, Rentería-Moreno, and Forero-Medina 2012

IUCN: Vulnerable B1+2c (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

Kinosternon dunni Schmidt 1947:109, Cryptochelys

dunni

Kinosternon durangoense Iverson 1979

(07:6)

Durango Mud Turtle

Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango)

IUCN: Data Decient (2007)

Kinosternon avescens durangoense Iverson 1979:212,

Kinosternon durangoense

Kinosternon avescens Agassiz 1857a

(07:6)

Yellow Mud Turtle

Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas,

Veracruz?), USA (Arizona, Arkansas?, Colorado,

Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New

Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas)

IUCN: Least Concern (2011)

Cinosternon avescens Agassiz 1857a:260,

Platythyra avescens, Cinosternum avescens,

Kinosternum avescens, Kinosternon avescens,

Kinosternon avescens avescens

Kinosternon avescens spooneri Smith 1951:195,

Kinosternon spooneri

348 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Kinosternon herrerai Stejneger 1925

(9)

Cryptochelys herrerai

Herrera’s Mud Turtle

Mexico (Hidalgo, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz)

IUCN: Near Threatened (2007)

Kinosternon herrerai Stejneger 1925:462, Crypto-

chelys herrerai

Kinosternon hirtipes Wagler 1830b

(09:11)

Rough-footed Mud Turtle

Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Distrito

Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco, México,

Michoacán, Morelos, Zacatecas), USA (Texas)

IUCN: Least Concern (2007)

K. h. hirtipes Wagler 1830b

(09:11)

Valley of Mexico Mud Turtle

Mexico (Distrito Federal, México, Morelos)

Cinosternon hirtipes Wagler 1830b:137, pl.5,

gs.29-30

(09:11)

, Clemmys (Cinosternon) hirtipes,

Kinosternum hirtipes, Kinosternon hirtipes, Cino-

sternum hirtipes, Thyrosternum hirtipes, Ozotheca

hirtipes, Kinosternon hirtipes hirtipes

K. h. chapalaense Iverson 1981

Lake Chapala Mud Turtle

Mexico (Jalisco, Michoacán)

Kinosternon hirtipes chapalaense Iverson 1981:51

K. h. magdalense Iverson 1981

San Juanico Mud Turtle

Mexico (Michoacán)

Kinosternon hirtipes magdalense Iverson 1981:53

K. h. megacephalum Iverson 1981

(Extinct, ca. 1970)

Viesca Mud Turtle

Mexico (Coahuila [extinct])

Kinosternon hirtipes megacephalum Iverson

1981:52, Kinosternon megacephalum

K. h. murrayi Glass and Hartweg 1951

Mexican Plateau Mud Turtle

Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila,

Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco, México, Michoacán,

Zacatecas), USA (Texas)

Kinosternon murrayi Glass and Hartweg 1951:50,

Kinosternon hirtipes murrayi

K. h. tarascense Iverson 1981

Pátzcuaro Mud Turtle

Mexico (Michoacán)

Kinosternon hirtipes tarascense Iverson 1981:52

Kinosternon integrum Le Conte 1854

Mexican Mud Turtle

Mexico (Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hi-

dalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca,

Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamauli-

pas, Zacatecas)

IUCN: Least Concern (2007)

Kinosternum integrum Le Conte 1854:183, Cino-

sternum integrum, Thyrosternum integrum,

Thyrosternon integrum, Cinosternon integrum,

Kinosternon integrum, Swanka integra, Cino-

sternum scorpioides integrum, Kinosternon

scorpioides integrum

Cinosternon rostellum Bocourt 1876a:391, Cinoster-

num rostellum

Cinosternon guanajuatense Dugès 1888:107

Cinosternum scorpioides integrum mexicana Siebenrock

1907:579 (unavailable name)

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 349

Kinosternon leucostomum Duméril and Bibron in Duméril

and Duméril 1851

(9)

Cryptochelys leucostoma

White-lipped Mud Turtle

Belize, Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Boyacá,

Caldas, Cauca, Cesar, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundina-

marca, Huila [?], Magdalena, Nariño, Santander,

Sucre, Tolima, Valle del Cauca), Costa Rica, Ecuador,

Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas,

Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatán

[?]), Nicaragua, Panama, Peru (Tumbes)

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern (South America regional)

K. l. leucostomum Duméril and Bibron in Duméril and

Duméril 1851

Northern White-lipped Mud Turtle

Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Campeche,

Chiapas, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz,

Yucatán [?]), Nicaragua

Cinosternon leucostomum Duméril and Bibron in

Duméril and Duméril 1851:17, Kinosternum leu-

costomum, Kinosternon leucostomum, Cinoster-

num leucostomum, Thyrosternum leucostomum,

Swanka leucostoma, Kinosternon leucostomum

leucostomum, Cryptochelys leucostoma

Swanka maculata Gray 1869a:182

Cinosternum brevigulare Günther 1885:17 (senior

homonym)

Cinosternum cobanum Günther 1885:18, Ci-

nosternon cabanum

Kinosternon mopanum Neill 1965:117

K. l. postinguinale Cope 1887

Southern White-lipped Mud Turtle

Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Boyacá,

Caldas, Cauca, Cesar, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundina-

marca, Huila [?], Magdalena, Nariño, Santander,

Sucre, Tolima, Valle del Cauca), Costa Rica, Ecuador,

Nicaragua, Panama, Peru (Tumbes)

Cinosternum brevigulare Cope 1885:389 (junior

homonym), Cinosternon brevigulare

Cinosternum postinguinale Cope 1887:23 (nomen

novum), Kinosternon postinguinale, Kinosternon

leucostomum postinguinale

Cinosternum spurrelli Boulenger 1913:1030,

Kinosternon spurrelli, Kinosternon leucostomum

spurrelli

Kinosternon oaxacae Berry and Iverson 1980

Oaxaca Mud Turtle

Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca)

IUCN: Data Decient (2007)

Kinosternon oaxacae Pritchard 1979:557 (nomen

suppressum, ICZN 1985c)

Kinosternon oaxacae Berry and Iverson 1980:313

(nomen conservandum, ICZN 1985c)

Kinosternon scorpioides (Linnaeus 1766)

Scorpion Mud Turtle

Argentina (Formosa, Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán), Belize,

Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas,

Bahia, Ceará, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso,

Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio

Grande do Norte, Rondônia, Sergipe, Tocantins),

Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlántico,

Bolívar, Caldas, Caquetá, Casanare, Cesar, Chocó,

Córdoba, Guainía, Magdalena, Meta, Norte de

Santander, Putumayo, San Andrés, Sucre, Vaupés,

Vichada), Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French

Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico

(Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo,

Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán), Nicara-

gua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru (Amazonas, Huánuco,

Loreto, Madre de Dios, Ucayali), Suriname, Trinidad,

Venezuela (Amazonas, Apure, Aragua, Bolívar, Co-

jedes, Falcón, Guárico, Lara, Monagas, Portuguesa,

Sucre, Táchira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia)

CBFTT Account: Berry and Iverson 2011

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern (South America regional)

K. s. scorpioides (Linnaeus 1766)

(07:8)

Scorpion Mud Turtle

Argentina (Formosa, Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán), Bolivia,

Brazil (Acre, Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia,

Ceará, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas

350 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Gerais, Pará, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio

Grande do Norte, Rondônia, Sergipe, Tocantins),

Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlán-

tico, Bolívar, Caldas, Caquetá, Casanare, Cesar,

Chocó, Córdoba, Guainía, Magdalena, Meta, Norte

de Santander, Putumayo, Sucre, Vaupés, Vichada),

Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay,

Peru (Amazonas, Huánuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios,

Ucayali), Suriname, Trinidad, Venezuela (Amazonas,

Apure, Aragua, Bolívar, Cojedes, Falcón, Guárico,

Lara, Monagas, Portuguesa, Sucre, Táchira, Trujillo,

Yaracuy, Zulia)

Testudo scorpioides Linnaeus 1766:352, Emys scor-

pioides, Chersine scorpioides, Terrapene scor-

pioidea, Cinosternon scorpioidea, Kinosternon

scorpioides, Uronyx scorpioides, Terrapene

scorpioides, Cinosternon scorpioides, Clemmys

(Cinosternon) scorpioidea, Kinosternum scorpi-

oides, Cinosternum scorpioides, Thyrosternum

scorpioides, Swanka scorpioides, Cinosternum

scorpioides scorpioides, Kinosternon scorpioides

scorpioides

Testudo tricarinata Retzius in Schoepff 1792:9 (se-

nior homonym), Terrapene tricarinata, Clemmys

tricarinata

Testudo retzii Daudin 1801:174, Emys retzii, Ter-

rapene retzii

Kinosternon longicaudatum Spix 1824:17 (no-

men conservandum, ICZN 1989), Cinosternon

longicaudatum, Kinosternum longicaudatum,

Cinosternum longicaudatum, Thyrosternum

longicaudatum, Swanka longicaudata

Kinosternon brevicaudatum Spix 1824:18, Ci-

nosternon brevicaudatum, Kinosternum brevicau-

datum, Cinosternum brevicaudatum

Kinosternon shavianum Bell 1825a:302, Cinosternon

shavianum, Cinosternum shavianum, Thyroster-

num shavianum

Monoclida retziana Ranesque 1832:64 (nomen

novum)

Cinosternon shawianum Bocourt 1876a:387 (nomen

novum)

Cinosternum scorpioides integrum brasiliana

Siebenrock 1907:579 (unavailable name)

Kinosternon scorpioides pachyurum Müller and

Hellmich 1936:100

Kinosternon scorpioides seriei Freiberg 1936:169

(07:8)

Kinosternon panamensis Schmidt 1946:5

Kinosternon scorpioides carajasensis Cunha 1970:1

(07:8)

K. s. albogulare Duméril and Bocourt 1870

White-throated Mud Turtle

Colombia (Archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y

Santa Catalina [prehistoric or modern introduction?]),

Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua,

Panama

CBFTT Account: Forero-Medina and Castaño-Mora 2011

Cinosternon albogulare Duméril and Bocourt 1870:24,

Cinosternum albogulare, Kinosternon cruentatum

albogulare, Kinosternon scorpioides albogulare

K. s. cruentatum Duméril and Bibron in Duméril and

Duméril 1851

Red-cheeked Mud Turtle

Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Campeche,

Chiapas, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tamaulipas, Vera-

cruz, Yucatán)

Cinosternon cruentatum Duméril and Bibron in

Duméril and Duméril 1851:16, Kinosternum cru-

entatum, Kinosternon cruentatum, Cinosternum

cruentatum, Swanka cruentata, Thyrosternum

cruentatum, Kinosternon cruentatum cruentatum,

Kinosternon scorpioides cruentatum

Kinosternum mexicanum Le Conte 1854:182, Cino-

sternum mexicanum, Cinosternon mexicanum,

Kinosternon mexicanum, Swanka mexicana,

Kinosternum triliratum Le Conte 1860:6, Cinosternon

triliratum, Swanka trilirata, Cinosternum triliratum

Kinosternon cruentatum consors Stejneger 1941:458

Kinosternon sonoriense Le Conte 1854

Sonora Mud Turtle

Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora), USA (Arizona, California

[extirpated], New Mexico)

IUCN: Near Threatened (2011)

K. s. sonoriense Le Conte 1854

Sonora Mud Turtle

Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora), USA (Arizona, Califor-

nia [extirpated], New Mexico)

Kinosternum sonoriense Le Conte 1854:184,

Kinosternon sonoriense, Cinosternum so-

noriense, Thyrosternum sonoriense, Cinosternon

sonoriense, Kinosternon sonoriense sonoriense

Kinosternum henrici Le Conte 1860:4, Thyroster-

num henrici, Cinosternon henrici, Cinosternum

henrici, Swanka henrici

K. s. longifemorale Iverson 1981

Sonoyta Mud Turtle

Mexico (Sonora), USA (Arizona)

Kinosternon sonoriense longifemorale Iverson

1981:43

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 351

Kinosternon subrubrum (Bonnaterre 1789)

(09:6) (12)

Eastern Mud Turtle, Common Mud Turtle

USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia,

Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland,

Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North

Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina,

Tennessee, Texas, Virginia)

IUCN: Least Concern (2011)

K. s. subrubrum (Bonnaterre 1789)

(09:6)

Eastern Mud Turtle

USA (Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois,

Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, New Jer-

sey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South

Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia)

Testudo subrubra Lacepède 1788:132

(09:6)

(nomen

suppressum, ICZN 2005a)

Testudo subrubra Bonnaterre 1789:27, Kinosternon

subrubrum, Kinosternon subrubrum subrubrum

Testudo pensilvanica Gmelin 1789:1042, Emydes

pensilvanica, Kinosternon pensilvanicum, Cino-

sternum pensilvanicum

Emys pensylvanica Schweigger 1812:282 (nomen

novum), Terrapene pensylvanica, Cistuda pen-

sylvanica, Sternotherus pensylvanica, Kino-

sternum pensylvanicum, Cinosternon pensylva-

nicum, Clemmys (Cinosternon) pensylvanica,

Kinosternon pensylvanicum, Cinosternum

pensylvanicum

Terrapene boscii Merrem 1820:27, Sternothaerus

boscii

Kinosternon pennsylvanicum Bell 1825a:304 (nomen

novum), Emys (Kinosternon) pennsylvanica,

Kinosternum pennsylvanicum, Cinosternon

pennsylvanicum, Cinosternum pennsylvanicum,

Cistudo pennsylvanica, Terrapene pennsylvanica,

Thyrosternum pennsylvanicum

Kinosternon (Kinosternon) doubledayii Gray 1844:33,

Kinosternum doubledayii, Cinosternum double-

dayii, Cinosternon doubledayii

Kinosternon (Kinosternon) oblongum Gray 1844:33,

Cinosternum oblongum

Kinosternon punctatum Gray 1856a:198, Cinoster-

num punctatum

Swanka fasciata Gray 1869a:183

K. s. hippocrepis Gray 1856a

Mississippi Mud Turtle

USA (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri,

Oklahoma, Texas)

Kinosternon hippocrepis Gray 1856a:198,

Cinosternum hippocrepis, Cinosternon hippo-

crepis, Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis

Kinosternon louisianae Baur 1893c:676, Cinoster-

num louisianae

K. s. steindachneri Siebenrock 1906b

(12:11) (12)

Florida Mud Turtle

USA (Florida)

Cinosternum steindachneri Siebenrock 1906b:727,

Kinosternon steindachneri, Kinosternon subru-

brum steindachneri

____Sternotherus Bell in Gray 1825

(07:9)

Sternothaerus Bell 1825a:305 (partim, nomen sup-

pressum, ICZN 1989)

Sternotherus Bell in Gray 1825:211 [Bell 1825b]

(nomen conservandum, ICZN 1989)

Aromochelys Gray 1856a:199

Ozotheca Agassiz 1857a:251

Goniochelys Agassiz 1857a:420

Sternotherus carinatus (Gray 1856a)

Razor-backed Musk Turtle

USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Okla-

homa, Texas)

CBFTT Account: Lindeman 2008

IUCN: Least Concern (2011)

Aromochelys carinata Gray 1856a:199, Aromochelys

carinatum, Aromochelys carinatus, Goniochelys

carinata, Cinosternum carinata, Kinosternon

carinatum, Sternotherus carinata, Sternotherus

carinata carinata, Kinosternon carinata

Ozotheca triquetra Agassiz 1857a:420, Goniochelys

triquetra

Sternotherus depressus Tinkle and Webb 1955

(07:10)

Flattened Musk Turtle

USA (Alabama)

352 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

CBFTT Account: Dodd 2008

IUCN: Critically Endangered A2bce+4bce (2011)

Sternotherus depressus Tinkle and Webb 1955:53,

Sternothaerus depressus, Sternotherus minor

depressus, Kinosternon depressum, Kinosternon

depressus

Sternotherus minor (Agassiz 1857a)

Loggerhead Musk Turtle

USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana,

Mississippi, Tennessee, Virginia)

IUCN: Least Concern (2011)

S. m. minor (Agassiz 1857a)

Loggerhead Musk Turtle

USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia)

Goniochelys minor Agassiz 1857a:424, Aromochelys

minor, Sternotherus minor, Sternotherus carina-

tus minor, Sternotherus minor minor, Sternothae-

rus minor minor, Kinosternon minor, Kinosternon

minor minor

S. m. peltifer Smith and Glass 1947

Stripe-necked Musk Turtle

USA (Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missis-

sippi, Tennessee, Virginia)

Sternotherus peltifer Smith and Glass 1947:22, Ster-

notherus carinatus peltifer, Sternotherus minor

peltifer, Sternothaerus minor peltifer, Kinosternon

minor peltifer

Sternotherus odoratus (Latreille in Sonnini and Latreille 1801)

Musk Turtle, Stinkpot, Common Musk Turtle

Canada (Ontario, Québec), USA (Alabama, Arkansas,

Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois,

Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine,

Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi,

Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York,

North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania,

Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,

Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin)

IUCN: Least Concern (2011)

Testudo odorata Latreille in Sonnini and Latreille

1801:122 (nomen conservandum, ICZN 1989),

Emys odorata, Terrapene odorata, Cistuda

odorata, Sternotherus odorata, Sternothae-

rus odoratus, Kinosternum odoratum, Emys

(Kinosternon) odoratum, Kinosternon odoratum,

Didicla odorata, Staurotypus odoratus, Clem-

mys (Sternothaerus) odorata, Cistudo odorata,

Sternotherus odoratus, Aromochelys odorata,

Aromochelys odoratum, Cinosternum odoratum,

Ozotheca odorata

Testudo glutinata Daudin 1801:194, Emys glutinata,

Clemmys glutinata

Kinosternum guttatum Le Conte 1854:185, Cinoster-

num guttatum, Aromochelys guttata

Ozotheca tristycha Agassiz 1857a:392, Aromochelys

tristycha

___sTauroTypinae Gray 1869a

(13)

___sTauroTypiDae

Staurotypina Gray 1869a:180

Staurotypinae Siebenrock 1907:531

Staurotypidae Bickham and Carr 1983:925

____Claudius Cope 1865

Claudius Cope 1865:187

Claudius angustatus Cope 1865

Narrow-bridged Musk Turtle

Belize, Guatemala, Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas,

Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz)

IUCN: Near Threatened (1996)

Claudius angustatus Cope 1865:187, Claudius

angustatum

Claudius megalocephalus Bocourt 1868:122

Claudius macrocephalus Gray 1873d:69 (nomen

novum)

Claudius megacephalus Boulenger 1889:33 (nomen

novum)

Claudius agassizii Smith and Taylor 1950:345 (no-

men nudum)

____Staurotypus Wagler 1830b

Staurotypus Wagler 1830b:137

Stauremys Gray 1864c:127

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 353

Staurotypus salvinii Gray 1864c

Pacic Coast Giant Musk Turtle

El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca)

IUCN: Near Threatened (1996)

Staurotypus (Stauremys) salvinii Gray 1864c:127,

Stauremys salvinii, Staurotypus salvinii

Staurotypus marmoratus Fischer 1872:265

Claudius severus Cope 1872:24, Staurotypus

(Claudius) severus

Staurotypus biporcatus Gadow 1905:209 (nomen

nudum)

Staurotypus triporcatus (Wiegmann 1828)

Northern Giant Musk Turtle

Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Campeche,

Chiapas, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz)

IUCN: Near Threatened (1996)

Terrapene triporcata Wiegmann 1828:364, Stauroty-

pus triporcatus, Emys (Kinosternon) triporcata,

Kinosternon triporcatum, Clemmys (Staurotypus)

triporcata

Claudius pictus Cope 1872:26

_TesTuDinoiDea Fitzinger 1826

Testudinoidea Fitzinger 1826:5

__emyDiDae Ranesque 1815

(09:12)

Emidania Ranesque 1815:75

Emydes Schmid 1819:11

Emydidae Bell 1825a:302

Emydae Swainson 1839:113

___Deirochelyinae Agassiz 1857a

(09:12)

Deirochelyoidae Agassiz 1857a:355

Deirochelyinae Gaffney and Meylan 1988:201

____Chrysemys Gray 1844

(12:12)

Hydrochelys Wagler 1821:12

(12:12)

(nomen oblitum)

Chrysemys Gray 1844:27

Chrysemys dorsalis Agassiz 1857a

(07:11, 10:6)

Chrysemys picta dorsalis

Southern Painted Turtle

USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Illinois, Louisiana,

Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas)

Introduced: USA (Florida)

IUCN: Least Concern (2011), as C. picta dorsalis

Chrysemys dorsalis Agassiz 1857a:439

(07:11, 10:6)

Clemmys picta dorsalis, Chrysemys cinerea dor-

salis, Chrysemys marginata dorsalis, Chrysemys

bellii dorsalis, Chrysemys picta dorsalis

Chrysemys picta (Schneider 1783)

(07:11, 10:6, 12:13)

Painted Turtle

Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New

Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec, Sas-

katchewan), Mexico (Chihuahua), USA (Alabama,

Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia,

Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky,

Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minne-

sota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hamp-

shire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North

Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon,

Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South

Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia,

Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming)

Introduced: Germany, Indonesia, Philippines, Spain, USA

(California)

IUCN: Least Concern (2011)

C. p. picta (Schneider 1783)

(07:11, 12:13)

Eastern Painted Turtle

Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Québec), USA

(Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maine,

354 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jer-

sey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode

Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia)

Testudo picta Schneider 1783:348, Emys picta, Clem-

mys picta, Terrapene picta, Chrysemys picta,

Chrysemys picta picta, Pseudemys picta

Testudo cinerea Bonnaterre 1789:25, Emys cinerea,

Chrysemys cinerea, Chrysemys cinerea cinerea

C. p. bellii (Gray 1830e)

(10:7)

Western Painted Turtle

Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario,

Saskatchewan), Mexico (Chihuahua), USA (Arizona,

Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan,

Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New

Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Da-

kota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming)

Emys bellii Gray 1830e:12

(10:7)

, Clemmys (Clemmys)

bellii, Chrysemys bellii, Emys bellii, Chrysemys

cinerea bellii, Chrysemys marginata bellii, Chry-

semys bellii bellii, Chrysemys picta bellii

Emys oregoniensis Harlan 1837:382, Chrysemys

oregoniensis, Clemmys oregoniensis

Chrysemys nuttalii Agassiz 1857a:451 (nomen novum)

Chrysemys pulchra Gray 1873a:147

Chrysemys timida Hay † 1908b:345 [Pleistocene,

USA (Nebraska)]

Chrysemys treleasei Hurter 1911:235

C. p. marginata Agassiz 1857a

Midland Painted Turtle

Canada (Ontario, Québec), USA (Alabama, Illinois,

Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, New York, Ohio,

Pennsylvania, Tennessee, West Virginia)

Chrysemys marginata Agassiz 1857a:262, Clemmys

marginata, Chrysemys marginata marginata,

Chrysemys bellii marginata, Chrysemys picta

marginata

____Deirochelys Agassiz 1857a

Deirochelys Agassiz 1857a:252

Deirochelys reticularia (Latreille in Sonnini and Latreille

1801)

Chicken Turtle

USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana,

Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma,

South Carolina, Texas, Virginia)

CBFTT Account: Buhlmann, Gibbons, and Jackson 2008

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Near Threatened

D. r. reticularia (Latreille in Sonnini and Latreille 1801)

Eastern Chicken Turtle

USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Missis-

sippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia)

Testudo reticularia Latreille in Sonnini and Latreille

1801:124, Emys reticularia, Clemmys reticularia,

Deirochelys reticularia, Deirochelys reticularia

reticularia

Testudo reticulata Daudin 1801:144 (nomen novum),

Emys reticulata, Clemmys (Clemmys) reticulata,

Deirochelys reticulata, Chrysemys reticulata,

Chrysemys reticulatus

D. r. chrysea Schwartz 1956

Florida Chicken Turtle

USA (Florida)

Deirochelys reticularia chrysea Schwartz 1956:467

D. r. miaria Schwartz 1956

Western Chicken Turtle

USA (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri,

Oklahoma, Texas)

Deirochelys reticularia miaria Schwartz 1956:467

____Graptemys Agassiz 1857a

(12:14) (14)

Graptemys Agassiz 1857a:252

Neoclemmys Baur in Lindeman 2013:20 (nomen

nudum)

Megaloclemmys Baur in Lindeman 2013:20 (nomen

nudum)

Graptemys barbouri Carr and Marchand 1942

Barbour’s Map Turtle

USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia)

IUCN: Vulnerable A2bcde (2011)

CITES: Appendix III (USA), as Graptemys spp.

Graptemys barbouri Carr and Marchand 1942:98,

Malaclemys barbouri

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 355

Graptemys caglei Haynes and McKown 1974

Cagle’s Map Turtle

USA (Texas)

IUCN: Endangered A2c+4c; B2ab(iii) (2011)

CITES: Appendix III (USA), as Graptemys spp.

Graptemys caglei Haynes and McKown 1974:18

Graptemys ernsti Lovich and McCoy 1992

Escambia Map Turtle

USA (Alabama, Florida)

CBFTT Account: Lovich, Godwin, and McCoy 2011

IUCN: Near Threatened (2011)

CITES: Appendix III (USA), as Graptemys spp.

Graptemys ernsti Lovich and McCoy 1992:293,

Graptemys pulchra ernsti

Graptemys avimaculata Cagle 1954

(15)

Yellow-blotched Map Turtle, Yellow-blotched Sawback

USA (Mississippi)

CBFTT Account: Selman and Jones 2011

IUCN: Vulnerable A2bce+4ce (2011)

CITES: Appendix III (USA), as Graptemys spp.

Graptemys avimaculata Cagle 1954:167, Grapte-

mys oculifera avimaculata, Malaclemys

avimaculata

Graptemys geographica (LeSueur 1817)

(08:18, 12:14)

Northern Map Turtle, Common Map Turtle

Canada (Ontario, Québec), USA (Alabama, Arkansas,

Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mis-

sissippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North

Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee,

Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin)

IUCN: Least Concern (2011)

CITES: Appendix III (USA), as Graptemys spp.

Testudo geographica LeSueur 1817:86, Emys

geographica, Terrapene geographica, Clem-

mys (Clemmys) geographica, Graptemys

geographica, Malacoclemmys geographica,

Malacoclemmys geographicus, Malaclemys geo-

graphica, Malaclemys geographicus, Graptemys

geographicus

Emys lesueurii Gray 1830e:12

(08:18, 10:7)

, Graptemys

lesueurii, Malacoclemmys lesueurii, Malaclemys

lesueurii, Malaclemys lesueurii lesueurii

Emys megacephala Holbrook 1836:51

Graptemys gibbonsi Lovich and McCoy 1992

(10:8)

Pascagoula Map Turtle

USA (Mississippi)

CBFTT Account: Lovich, Selman, and McCoy 2009

IUCN: Endangered A2bce+4ce (2011)

CITES: Appendix III (USA), as Graptemys spp.

Graptemys gibbonsi Lovich and McCoy 1992:293,

Graptemys pulchra gibbonsi

356 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Graptemys nigrinoda Cagle 1954

Black-knobbed Map Turtle, Black-knobbed Sawback

USA (Alabama, Mississippi)

CBFTT Account: Blankenship, Buttereld, and Godwin

2008

IUCN: Least Concern (2011)

CITES: Appendix III (USA), as Graptemys spp.

G. n. nigrinoda Cagle 1954

Northern Black-knobbed Map Turtle

USA (Alabama, Mississippi)

Graptemys nigrinoda Cagle 1954:168, Graptemys

oculifera nigrinoda, Graptemys nigrinoda nigri-

noda, Malaclemys nigrinoda

G. n. delticola Folkerts and Mount 1969

Southern Black-knobbed Map Turtle

USA (Alabama)

Graptemys nigrinoda delticola Folkerts and Mount

1969:677

Graptemys oculifera (Baur 1890a)

Ringed Map Turtle, Ringed Sawback

USA (Louisiana, Mississippi)

CBFTT Account: Jones and Selman 2009

IUCN: Vulnerable B2ab(iii) (2011)

CITES: Appendix III (USA), as Graptemys spp.

Malacoclemmys oculifera Baur 1890a:262, Grapte-

mys oculifera, Malaclemys lesueurii oculifera,

Graptemys pseudogeographica oculifera,

Graptemys oculifera oculifera, Malaclemys

oculifera

Graptemys ouachitensis Cagle 1953

(12:14,15) (16)

G. o. ouachitensis

Ouachita Map Turtle

USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kan-

sas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi,

Missouri, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, West

Virginia, Wisconsin)

IUCN: Least Concern (2011)

CITES: Appendix III (USA), as Graptemys spp.

Graptemys pseudogeographica ouachitensis Cagle

1953:2, Malaclemys pseudogeographica ouachi-

tensis, Graptemys ouachitensis, Graptemys

ouachitensis ouachitensis

Graptemys pearlensis Ennen, Lovich, Kreiser, Selman,

and Qualls 2010

(10:8)

Pearl River Map Turtle

USA (Louisiana, Mississippi)

IUCN: Endangered A1bcde+A4bcde (2011)

CITES: Appendix III (USA), as Graptemys spp.

Graptemys pearlensis Ennen, Lovich, Kreiser, Sel-

man, and Qualls 2010:104

Graptemys pseudogeographica (Gray 1831d)

(12:14,15)

False Map Turtle

USA (Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 357

Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Mis-

souri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma,

South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Wisconsin)

Introduced: USA (Florida, Virginia)

IUCN: Least Concern (2011)

CITES: Appendix III (USA), as Graptemys spp.

G. p. pseudogeographica (Gray 1831d)

(08:19)

False Map Turtle

USA (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Min-

nesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,

South Dakota, Tennessee, Wisconsin)

Emys pseudogeographica Gray 1831d:31, Clemmys

pseudogeographica, Graptemys pseudogeo-

graphica, Malacoclemmys pseudogeographicus,

Malaclemys pseudogeographica, Malaclemys

pseudogeographicus, Graptemys pseudogeo-

graphicus, Graptemys pseudogeographica pseu-

dogeographica, Malaclemys pseudogeographica

pseudogeographica

G. p. kohnii (Baur 1890a)

Mississippi Map Turtle

USA (Arkansas, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missis-

sippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas)

Malacoclemmys kohnii Baur 1890a:263, Graptemys

kohnii, Malaclemys lesueurii kohnii, Graptemys

pseudogeographica kohnii, Malaclemys kohnii

Graptemys pulchra Baur 1893c

(17)

Alabama Map Turtle

USA (Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi)

CBFTT Account: Lovich, Godwin, and McCoy 2014

IUCN: Near Threatened (2011)

CITES: Appendix III (USA), as Graptemys spp.

Graptemys pulchra Baur 1893c:675, Malacoclem-

mys pulchra, Malaclemys lesueurii pulchra,

Malaclemys pulchra, Graptemys pulchra pulchra

Graptemys alabamensis Baur in Lindeman 2013:20

(17)

(nomen nudum)

Graptemys grandis Baur in Lindeman 2013:20

(17)

(nomen nudum)

Graptemys sabinensis Cagle 1953

(07:12, 12:15) (18)

G. ouachitensis sabinensis

Sabine Map Turtle

USA (Louisiana, Texas)

IUCN: Least Concern (2011), as Graptemys ouachitensis

CITES: Appendix III (USA), as Graptemys spp.

Malacoclemmys intermedia Baur in Beyer 1900:21

(nomen nudum)

(19)

, Graptemys intermedia

Graptemys pseudogeographica sabinensis Cagle

1953:2, Malaclemys pseudogeographica

sabinensis, Graptemys ouachitensis sabinensis,

Graptemys sabinensis

Graptemys versa Stejneger 1925

Texas Map Turtle

USA (Texas)

IUCN: Least Concern (2011)

CITES: Appendix III (USA), as Graptemys spp.

Graptemys pseudogeographica versa Stejneger

1925:463, Graptemys versa, Malaclemys versa

358 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

____Malaclemys Gray 1844

Malaclemys Gray 1844:28

Malacoclemmys Agassiz 1857a:437 (nomen novum)

Malaclemmys Gray 1870c:41 (nomen novum)

Malaclemys terrapin (Schoepff 1793)

(11:5)

Diamondback Terrapin

Bermuda, USA (Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Flor-

ida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts,

Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina,

Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia)

IUCN: Near Threatened (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix II

M. t. terrapin (Schoepff 1793)

Northern Diamondback Terrapin

USA (Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, New

Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Maryland, Rhode

Island, Virginia)

Testudo terrapin Schoepff 1793:64, Emys terra-

pin, Clemmys terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin,

Malacoclemmys terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin

terrapin

Testudo concentrica Shaw 1802:43, Emys concen-

trica, Malaclemys concentrica, Malaclemmys

concentrica, Malaclemmys centrata concentrica,

Malaclemys centrata concentrica, Malaclemys

terrapin concentrica

Testudo ocellata Link 1807:52

Emys concentrica polita Gray 1830e:11

(10:7)

Emys macrocephalus Gray 1844:26 (junior hom-

onym), Emys macrocephala

M. t. centrata (Latreille in Sonnini and Latreille 1801)

(11:5)

Carolina Diamondback Terrapin

Bermuda, USA (Georgia, Florida, North Carolina, South

Carolina)

Testudo centrata Latreille in Sonnini and Latreille

1801:145, Emys centrata, Clemmys (Clemmys)

centrata, Malaclemmys centrata, Malaclemys

centrata, Malaclemys centrata centrata, Mala-

clemmys terrapin centrata, Malaclemys terrapin

centrata

Emys concentrica livida Gray 1831d:27

M. t. littoralis Hay 1905

Texas Diamondback Terrapin

USA (Texas)

Malaclemmys littoralis Hay 1905:18, Malaclemys

centrata littoralis, Malaclemys pileata littoralis,

Malaclemys terrapin littoralis

M. t. macrospilota Hay 1905

Ornate Diamondback Terrapin

USA (Florida)

Malaclemmys macrospilota Hay 1905:16, Malacle-

mys centrata macrospilota, Malaclemys pileata

macrospilota, Malaclemys terrapin macrospilota

M. t. pileata (Wied 1865)

Mississippi Diamondback Terrapin

USA (Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas)

Emys pileata Wied 1865:17, Malaclemmys pileata,

Malaclemys centrata pileata, Malaclemys pileata

pileata, Malaclemys terrapin pileata

M. t. rhizophorarum Fowler 1906

Mangrove Diamondback Terrapin

USA (Florida)

Malaclemys tuberculifera Gray 1844:29 (nomen

oblitum)

Malaclemmys littoralis rhizophorarum Fowler

1906:112, Malaclemmys terrapin rhizophorarum,

Malaclemys terrapin rhizophorarum

M. t. tequesta Schwartz 1955

Eastern Florida Diamondback Terrapin

USA (Florida)

Malaclemys terrapin tequesta Schwartz 1955:158

____Pseudemys Gray 1856a

(09:13, 12:16) (20)

Pseudemys Gray 1856a:197

Ptychemys Agassiz 1857a:252

Nectemys Agassiz 1857b:642 (nomen novum)

Pseudemys alabamensis Baur 1893a

Alabama Red-bellied Cooter

USA (Alabama, Mississippi)

CBFTT Account: Leary, Dobie, Mann, Floyd, and

Nelson 2008

IUCN: Endangered B1+2c (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

Pseudemys alabamensis Baur 1893a:224, Pseudemys

rubriventris alabamensis, Chrysemys (Pseud-

emys) alabamensis, Chrysemys rubriventris

alabamensis

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 359

Pseudemys concinna (Le Conte 1830)

(09:13)

River Cooter

USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois,

Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi,

Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South

Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia)

CBFTT Account: Ward and Jackson 2008

IUCN: Least Concern (2011)

P. c. concinna (Le Conte 1830)

(07:13, 09:13, 10:9)

Eastern River Cooter

USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois,

Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi,

Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South

Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia)

Testudo concinna Le Conte 1830:106, Emys (Tes-

tudo) concinna, Terrapene concinna, Clemmys

(Clemmys) concinna, Pseudemys concinna,

Ptychemys concinna, Chrysemys concinna,

Pseudemys oridana concinna, Pseudemys con-

cinna concinna, Chrysemys concinna concinna

Emys annulifera Gray 1830e:12

(10:7)

, Trachemys

annulifera

Emys hieroglyphica Holbrook 1836:47, Pseudemys

hieroglyphica, Ptychemys hieroglyphica, Clem-

mys hieroglyphica, Chrysemys hieroglyphica,

Pseudemys oridana hieroglyphica, Pseudemys

concinna hieroglyphica, Chrysemys concinna

hieroglyphica

Emys mobilensis Holbrook 1838a:53, Ptychemys

mobilensis, Clemmys mobilensis, Pseudemys

mobilensis, Chrysemys mobilensis, Pseudemys

oridana mobilensis, Pseudemys concinna mo-

bilensis, Chrysemys concinna mobilensis

Emys labyrinthica Duméril in Duméril and Duméril

1851:13, Clemmys labyrinthica, Pseudemys

labyrinthica, Chrysemys labyrinthica

Ptychemys hoyi Agassiz 1857a:433, Pseudemys con-

cinna hoyi, Pseudemys oridana hoyi, Chrysemys

oridana hoyi

Emys orthonyx Wied 1865:23

Pseudemys vioscana Brimley 1928:66

Pseudemys elonae Brimley 1928:67

Pseudemys concinna metteri Ward 1984:34

P. c. suwanniensis Carr 1937

(07:15, 09:13)

Suwannee Cooter

USA (Florida)

Pseudemys oridana suwanniensis Carr 1937:4,

Pseudemys concinna suwanniensis, Chrysemys

concinna suwanniensis, Pseudemys suwanniensis

Pseudemys oridana (Le Conte 1830)

(07:14, 09:13, 10:9)

P. concinna oridana or

P. oridana oridana

Coastal Plain Cooter

USA (Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, North

Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia)

Testudo oridana Le Conte 1830:100, Terrapene

oridana, Emys oridana, Clemmys (Clemmys)

oridana, Pseudemys oridana, Chrysemys

oridana, Pseudemys oridana oridana, Chry-

semys oridana oridana, Pseudemys concinna

oridana

Pseudemys extincta † Hay 1908b:356 (nomen dubi-

um) [Early Pleistocene, Blancan, USA (Florida)]

Pseudemys gorzugi Ward 1984

(07:16, 12:16) (19)

Rio Grande Cooter

Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamauli-

pas), USA (New Mexico, Texas)

IUCN: Near Threatened (2011)

Pseudemys concinna gorzugi Ward 1984:29, Pseud-

emys gorzugi

Pseudemys nelsoni Carr 1938a

(09:13)

Florida Red-bellied Cooter

360 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

USA (Florida, Georgia)

Introduced: British Virgin Islands (Tortola), USA (Texas)

CBFTT Account: Jackson 2010

IUCN: Least Concern (2011)

Deirochelys oridana † Hay 1908b:346 (nomen

dubium) [Pleistocene, USA (Florida)]

Trachemys jarmani † Hay 1908b:351 (nomen

dubium) [Late Pleistocene, USA (Florida)],

Pseudemys jarmani

Pseudemys nelsoni Carr 1938a:307, Pseudemys

rubriventris nelsoni, Chrysemys (Pseudemys)

nelsoni, Chrysemys rubriventris nelsoni

Pseudemys peninsularis Carr 1938b

(07:17, 09:13, 10:9)

P. oridana peninsularis

Peninsula Cooter

USA (Florida)

IUCN: Least Concern (2011), as P. peninsularis

Pseudemys oridana persimilis † Hay 1916a:71

(nomen dubium et oblitum) [Pleistocene, USA

(Florida)]

Pseudemys oridana peninsularis Carr 1938b:105,

Chrysemys oridana peninsularis, Pseudemys

peninsularis

Pseudemys rubriventris (Le Conte 1830)

Northern Red-bellied Cooter

USA (Delaware, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey,

North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia)

Introduced: South Korea

IUCN: Near Threatened (2011)

Testudo rubriventris Le Conte 1830:101, Terra-

pene rubriventris, Emys rubriventris, Clemmys

(Clemmys) rubriventris, Chrysemys rubriventris,

Pseudemys rubriventris, Pseudemys rubriventris

rubriventris, Chrysemys rubriventris rubriventris

Emys irrigata Bell in Duméril and Bibron 1835:276

Emys rivulata Gray 1844:22 (junior homonym)

Pseudemys rubriventris bangsi Babcock 1937:293,

Chrysemys rubriventris bangsi, Pseudemys

bangsi

Pseudemys texana Baur 1893a

(12:16)

Texas Cooter

USA (Texas)

IUCN: Least Concern (2011)

Pseudemys texana Baur 1893a:223, Chrysemys

texana, Pseudemys oridana texana, Pseudemys

concinna texana, Chrysemys concinna texana

____Trachemys Agassiz 1857a

(07:18, 09:14, 11:6) (21,22,23)

Trachemys Agassiz 1857a:252

Callichelys Gray 1863c:181

Redamia Gray 1870c:35

Trachemys adiutrix Vanzolini 1995

(11:6)

T. dorbigni adiutrix

Maranhao Slider

Brazil (Maranhão, Piauí)

IUCN: Endangered B1+2c (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Near Threatened

Trachemys adiutrix Vanzolini 1995:111, Trachemys

dorbigni adiutrix

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 361

Trachemys callirostris (Gray 1856b)

(11:6)

T. ornata callirostris

Colombian Slider

Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Cesar, Córdoba,

Cundinamarca, La Guajira, Magdalena, Santander,

Sucre), Venezuela (Carabobo, Falcón, Yaracuy, Zulia)

CBFTT Account: Bock, Páez, and Daza 2010

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

T. c. callirostris (Gray 1856b)

(07:19, 11:6)

T. o. callirostris

Colombian Slider

Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Cesar,

Córdoba, Cundinamarca, La Guajira, Magdalena,

Santander, Sucre), Venezuela (Zulia)

Emys callirostris Gray 1856b:25, Callichelys cal-

lirostris, Pseudemys callirostris, Chrysemys

ornata callirostris, Pseudemys scripta calliros-

tris, Pseudemys ornata callirostris, Chrysemys

callirostris, Chrysemys scripta callirostris,

Trachemys scripta callirostris, Trachemys cal-

lirostris, Trachemys ornata callirostris, Trache-

mys dorbigni callirostris, Trachemys callirostris

callirostris

T. c. chichiriviche (Pritchard and Trebbau 1984)

(07:19, 11:6)

T. o. chichiriviche

Venezuelan Slider

Venezuela (Carabobo, Falcón, Yaracuy)

Pseudemys scripta chichiriviche Pritchard and Treb-

bau 1984:8, Trachemys scripta chichiriviche,

Trachemys ornata chichiriviche, Trachemys

callirostris chichiriviche

Trachemys decorata (Barbour and Carr 1940)

(21)

Hispaniolan Slider

Dominican Republic, Haiti

IUCN: Vulnerable B1+2c (1996)

Pseudemys decorata Barbour and Carr 1940:409,

Pseudemys terrapen decorata, Chrysemys

(Trachemys) decorata, Chrysemys terrapen deco-

rata, Trachemys decorata, Trachemys stejnegeri

decorata

Trachemys decussata (Bell in Grifth and Pidgeon 1830)

(22)

Cuban Slider

Cayman Islands [prehistoric introduction?], Cuba,

Jamaica

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

T. d. decussata (Bell in Grifth and Pidgeon 1830)

(08:17) (22)

Eastern Cuban Slider

Cuba, Jamaica

Testudo rugosa Shaw 1802:28 (partim, nomen

dubium and junior homonym), Emys rugosa,

Trachemys rugosa, Clemmys rugosa, Pseudemys

rugosa, Pseudemys rugosa rugosa, Pseudemys

terrapen rugosa, Chrysemys terrapen rugosa,

Trachemys terrapen rugosa

Emys decussata Bell in Grifth and Pidgeon 1830:76

[Bell 1830a]

(08:17)

, Ptychemys decussata, Clem-

mys decussata, Pseudemys decussata, Pseudemys

decussata decussata, Pseudemys rugosa decus-

sata, Pseudemys terrapen decussata, Chrysemys

(Trachemys) decussata, Chrysemys decussata

decussata, Chrysemys terrapen decussata,

Trachemys decussata, Trachemys decussata

decussata

Emys vermiculata Gray 1844:25

Emys jamao Duméril 1861b:435 (nomen nudum)

Emys jamao Vilaró 1867a:121

Emys gnatho Vilaró 1867b:204

Pseudemys decussata plana Barbour and Carr

1940:405, Pseudemys terrapen plana, Chrysemys

terrapen plana, Trachemys decussata plana

T. d. angusta (Barbour and Carr 1940)

(22)

Western Cuban Slider

Cayman Islands [prehistoric introduction?], Cuba

Pseudemys decussata angusta Barbour and Carr

1940:402, Pseudemys rugosa angusta, Pseud-

emys terrapen angusta, Chrysemys terrapen an-

gusta, Trachemys decussata angusta, Trachemys

decorata angusta

Pseudemys granti Barbour and Carr 1941:59, Pseud-

emys terrapen granti, Pseudemys decussata

granti, Pseudemys stejnegeri granti, Chrysemys

terrapen granti, Chrysemys decussata granti,

362 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Trachemys decussata granti, Trachemys granti,

Trachemys stejnegeri granti

Trachemys dorbigni (Duméril and Bibron 1835)

(07:20, 11:6)

D’Orbigny’s Slider

Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios,

Santa Fe), Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Cata-

rina), Uruguay

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

Emys dorbigni Duméril and Bibron 1835:272, Clem-

mys dorbigni, Pseudemys dorbigni, Chrysemys

(Trachemys) dorbigni, Pseudemys scripta dor-

bigni, Pseudemys dorbigni dorbigni, Chrysemys

dorbigni dorbigni, Chrysemys scripta dorbigni,

Trachemys scripta dorbigni, Trachemys dorbigni,

Trachemys dorbigni dorbigni

Clemmys (Rhinoclemmys) orbignyi Fitzinger

1835:124 (nomen novum), Emys orbignyi

Clemmys dorbignyi Boulenger 1886b:424 (nomen

novum), Chrysemys dorbignyi, Emys dorbignyi,

Pseudemys dorbignyi, Pseudemys dorbignyi dor-

bignyi, Pseudemys scripta dorbignyi, Chrysemys

scripta dorbignyi, Trachemys scripta dorbignyi,

Trachemys dorbignyi, Trachemys dorbignyi

dorbignyi

Pseudemys dorbignyi brasiliensis Freiberg

1969:301

(07:20)

, Pseudemys dorbigni brasilien-

sis, Pseudemys scripta brasiliensis, Chrysemys

dorbigni brasiliensis, Chrysemys scripta brasiliensis,

Trachemys scripta brasiliensis, Trachemys dorbigni

brasiliensis, Trachemys dorbignyi brasiliensis

Trachemys emolli (Legler 1990)

(07:18, 11:6) (23)

T. grayi emolli

Nicaraguan Slider

Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua

IUCN: Not Evaluated

Pseudemys scripta emolli Legler 1990:91, Trache-

mys scripta emolli, Trachemys ornata emolli,

Trachemys emolli, Trachemys venusta emolli,

Trachemys grayi emolli

Trachemys gaigeae (Hartweg 1939)

Big Bend Slider

Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango), USA (New

Mexico, Texas)

CBFTT Account: Stuart and Ward 2009

IUCN: Vulnerable A2ce+4ce (2011)

T. g. gaigeae (Hartweg 1939)

(07:18)

Big Bend Slider

Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila), USA (New Mexico,

Texas)

Pseudemys scripta gaigeae Hartweg 1939:1, Pseud-

emys gaigeae, Chrysemys scripta gaigeae, Chry-

semys gaigeae, Trachemys nebulosa gaigeae,

Trachemys scripta gaigeae, Trachemys gaigeae,

Trachemys ornata gaigeae, Trachemys gaigeae

gaigeae

T. g. hartwegi (Legler 1990)

(07:18)

Nazas Slider

Mexico (Coahuila, Durango)

Pseudemys scripta hartwegi Legler 1990:89, Chry-

semys scripta hartwegi, Trachemys scripta hart-

wegi, Trachemys ornata hartwegi, Trachemys

nebulosa hartwegi, Trachemys gaigeae hartwegi

Trachemys grayi (Bocourt 1868)

(07:18, 10:10, 12:6)

T. venusta grayi

Gray’s Slider

El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas,

Oaxaca)

IUCN: Not Evaluated

Emys grayi Bocourt 1868:121 (senior homonym),

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 363

Callichelys grayi, Chrysemys grayi, Pseudemys

grayi, Pseudemys ornata grayi, Pseudemys

scripta grayi, Chrysemys scripta grayi, Trache-

mys scripta grayi, Trachemys grayi, Trachemys

ornata grayi, Trachemys venusta grayi

Emys umbra Bocourt 1876b:26 (nomen novum),

Pseudemys umbra, Clemmys umbra, Chrysemys

umbra, Pseudemys scripta umbra

Trachemys nebulosa (Van Denburgh 1895)

(07:18)

Baja California Slider

Mexico (Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Sonora)

IUCN: Not Evaluated

T. n. nebulosa (Van Denburgh 1895)

(07:18)

Baja California Slider

Mexico (Baja California)

Chrysemys nebulosa Van Denburgh 1895:84,

Chrysemys ornata nebulosa, Pseudemys ornata

nebulosa, Pseudemys nebulosa, Pseudemys

scripta nebulosa, Chrysemys scripta nebulosa,

Trachemys scripta nebulosa, Trachemys dorbigni

nebulosa, Trachemys ornata nebulosa, Trache-

mys nebulosa, Trachemys nebulosa nebulosa

T. n. hiltoni (Carr 1942)

(07:18)

Fuerte Slider

Mexico (Sinaloa, Sonora)

Pseudemys scripta hiltoni Carr 1942:1, Pseudemys

concinna hiltoni, Chrysemys scripta hiltoni,

Chrysemys gaigeae hiltoni, Trachemys scripta

hiltoni, Trachemys ornata hiltoni, Trachemys

nebulosa hiltoni

Trachemys ornata (Gray in Grifth and Pidgeon 1830)

(07:18,19, 10:10, 11:6)

Ornate Slider

Mexico (Guerrero, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa)

IUCN: Vulnerable B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) (2007)

Emys ornata Gray in Grifth and Pidgeon 1830:76

[Gray 1830c], Clemmys (Clemmys) ornata, Cal-

lichelys ornata, Pseudemys ornata, Chrysemys

ornata, Chrysemys ornata ornata, Pseudemys

ornata ornata, Pseudemys scripta ornata, Chry-

semys scripta ornata, Trachemys scripta ornata,

Trachemys ornata, Trachemys ornata ornata

Trachemys scripta (Thunberg in Schoepff 1792)

(09:15)

Pond Slider, Common Slider

Mexico (Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas), USA (Alabama,

Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,

Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri,

Nebraska, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Okla-

homa, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia,

West Virginia)

Introduced: Multiple global locations, most apparently

Trachemys scripta elegans (see below)

IUCN: Least Concern (2011)

T. s. scripta (Thunberg in Schoepff 1792)

(09:15)

Yellow-bellied Slider

USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina,

South Carolina, Virginia)

Introduced: South Korea, USA (Florida)

Testudo scripta Thunberg in Schoepff 1792:16

(09:15)

(nomen conservandum, ICZN 1985b), Emys

scripta, Trachemys scripta, Chrysemys scripta,

Pseudemys scripta, Chrysemys scripta scripta,

Chrysemys palustris scripta, Pseudemys scripta

scripta, Trachemys scripta scripta

Testudo serrata Daudin 1801:148 (senior homonym),

Emys serrata, Terrapene serrata, Clemmys

(Clemmys) serrata, Pseudemys serrata

Emys occipitatis Gray in Grifth and Pidgeon 1830:75

[Gray 1830c]

Emys vittata Gray 1830e:11

(10:7)

Emys euglypha † Leidy 1889a:97 (nomen dubium)

[Pleistocene, USA (Florida)], Trachemys eugly-

pha, Pseudemys euglypha

Trachemys sculpta † Hay 1908b:351 (nomen du-

bium) [Pleistocene, USA (Florida)], Pseudemys

sculpta

Trachemys delicata † Hay 1916a:66 (nomen dubium)

[Pleistocene, USA (Florida)], Pseudemys delicata

T. s. elegans (Wied 1839)

Red-eared Slider

Mexico (Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas), USA (Alabama,

Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,

364 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri,

Nebraska, New Mexico [eastern], Ohio, Oklahoma,

Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia)

Introduced: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland,

Victoria), Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Belgium,

Bermuda, Bulgaria, Brazil, British Virgin Islands,

Cambodia, Canada (Ontario), Cayman Islands, Chile,

China (Hong Kong), Colombia, Cyprus, Czech

Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,

Egypt, Finland, France, French Polynesia, Germany,

Great Britain, Greece, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guyana,

Honduras, Hungary, Indonesia (Java, Kalimantan,

Papua, Sulawesi, Sumatra), Ireland, Israel, Italy,

Japan (mainland, Ryukyu Archipelago), Latvia,

Malaysia (East, West), Martinique, Mexico, Micro-

nesia, Myanmar, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles,

New Zealand, Nicaragua, Northern Mariana Islands

[Saipan], Palau, Panama, Philippines (Cebu, Luzon,

Mindanao), Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Réunion,

Russia, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles (Mahé), Singapore,

Sint Maarten, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa,

South Korea, Spain (Balearic Islands, Continental),

Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan,

Thailand, Trinidad, USA (Arizona, California, Colo-

rado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Maine,

Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey,

New Mexico [western], New York, North Carolina,

Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Vir-

ginia, Washington), US Virgin Islands, Vietnam

Emys elegans Wied 1839:213, Trachemys elegans,

Clemmys elegans, Pseudemys elegans, Chry-

semys elegans, Chrysemys scripta elegans,

Chrysemys palustris elegans, Pseudemys troostii

elegans, Pseudemys scripta elegans, Trachemys

scripta elegans

Emys holbrookii Gray 1844:23, Trachemys

holbrookii

Emys sanguinolenta Gray 1856b:26

Emys petrolei † Leidy 1868a:176 [Late Pleistocene,

Rancholabrean, USA (Texas)], Pseudemys

petrolei, Chrysemys petrolei, Chrysemys scripta

petrolei, Trachemys petrolei, Pseudemys scripta

petrolei, Trachemys scripta petrolei

Trachemys lineata Gray 1873a:147

Pseudemys bisornatus † Cope 1878:228 [Pleistocene,

USA (Texas)], Pseudemys bisornata, Chrysemys

scripta bisornata, Pseudemys scripta bisor-

nata, Trachemys scripta bisornata, Trachemys

bisornata

Trachemys trulla † Hay 1908b:355 (nomen dubium)

[Pleistocene, USA (Texas)], Pseudemys trulla

T. s. troostii (Holbrook 1836)

Cumberland Slider

USA (Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee,

Virginia)

Introduced: Latvia

Emys troostii Holbrook 1836:55, Trachemys troostii,

Clemmys troostii, Pseudemys troostii, Chrysemys

troostii, Pseudemys scripta troostii, Pseudemys

troostii troostii, Chrysemys scripta troostii,

Trachemys scripta troostii

Emys cumberlandensis Holbrook 1840:55

Trachemys stejnegeri (Schmidt 1928)

(22)

Central Antillean Slider

Bahamas (Inagua), Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico

Introduced: Dominica, Guadeloupe

IUCN: Near Threatened (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Near Threatened

T. s. stejnegeri (Schmidt 1928)

Puerto Rican Slider

Puerto Rico

Emys olivacea Gray 1856b:30 (junior homonym),

Clemmys olivacea, Redamia olivacea, Chrysemys

olivacea

Pseudemys stejnegeri Schmidt 1928:147, Pseudemys

palustris stejnegeri, Pseudemys stejnegeri stej-

negeri, Pseudemys terrapen stejnegeri, Pseud-

emys decussata stejnegeri, Chrysemys decussata

stejnegeri, Chrysemys stejnegeri, Chrysemys

terrapen stejnegeri, Trachemys stejnegeri,

Trachemys stejnegeri stejnegeri

T. s. malonei (Barbour and Carr 1938)

Inagua Slider

Bahamas (Inagua)

Pseudemys malonei Barbour and Carr 1938:76,

Pseudemys palustris malonei, Pseudemys ter-

rapen malonei, Chrysemys malonei, Chrysemys

terrapen malonei, Trachemys stejnegeri malonei,

Trachemys malonei

T. s. vicina (Barbour and Carr 1940)

Dominican Slider

Dominican Republic, Haiti

Pseudemys stejnegeri vicina Barbour and Carr

1940:408, Pseudemys terrapen vicina, Pseud-

emys decussata vicina, Chrysemys decussata

vicina, Chrysemys stejnegeri vicina, Chrysemys

terrapen vicina, Trachemys stejnegeri vicina

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 365

Trachemys taylori (Legler 1960)

(07:18, 12:17)

Cuatro Cienegas Slider

Mexico (Coahuila)

IUCN: Endangered A4e, B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v) (2007)

Pseudemys scripta taylori Legler 1960:75, Chrys-

emys scripta taylori, Chrysemys gaigeae taylori,

Chrysemys taylori, Trachemys scripta taylori,

Trachemys nebulosa taylori, Trachemys ornata

taylori, Trachemys taylori

Trachemys terrapen (Bonnaterre 1789)

(09:6) (22)

Jamaican Slider

Bahamas (Cat Island [prehistoric introduction?]), Jamaica

IUCN: Vulnerable B1+2c (1996)

Testudo terrapen Lacepède 1788:129

(09:6)

(nomen

suppressum, ICZN 2005a)

Testudo terrapen Bonnaterre 1789:30, Pseudemys

terrapen, Pseudemys terrapen terrapen, Chrys-

emys (Trachemys) terrapen, Chrysemys terrapen,

Chrysemys terrapen terrapen, Trachemys ter-

rapen, Trachemys terrapen terrapen

Testudo palustris Gmelin 1789:1041 (senior hom-

onym), Trachemys palustris, Pseudemys palustris,

Chrysemys scripta palustris, Pseudemys palustris

palustris

Testudo fasciata Suckow 1798:40 (senior homonym)

Testudo rugosa Shaw 1802:28 (partim, nomen

dubium and junior homonym), Emys rugosa,

Clemmys rugosa, Chrysemys scripta rugosa,

Pseudemys rugosa

Emys rugosa livida Gray 1831d:30

Pseudemys felis Barbour 1935:205, Pseudemys

palustris felis, Pseudemys terrapen felis, Chrys-

emys decussata felis, Chrysemys felis, Chrysemys

terrapen felis, Trachemys terrapen felis, Trache-

mys felis

Trachemys venusta (Gray 1856b)

(07:18, 10:6,10, 11:6, 12:18) (23)

T. ornata venusta or

T. venusta venusta

Meso-American Slider

Belize, Colombia (?) (Antioquia, Chocó), Costa Rica

(?), El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico

(Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo,

San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz,

Yucatán), Nicaragua (?), Panama (?) [range for

typical subspecies only]

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Deficient (South America regional)

Testudo panama Perry 1810:[unpaginated], pl.33

(12:18)

(nomen oblitum)

Emys venusta Gray 1856b:24

(12:18)

, Callichelys venus-

ta, Pseudemys scripta venusta, Chrysemys scripta

venusta, Trachemys scripta venusta, Trachemys

ornata venusta, Trachemys venusta, Trachemys

venusta venusta

Emys valida Le Conte 1860:7, Clemmys valida

Emys (Clemmys) salvini Günther 1885:4, Pseudemys

salvini

T. venusta cataspila (Günther 1885)

(07:18, 10:10, 11:6)

T. ornata cataspila

Huastecan Slider

Mexico (San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz)

Emys ventricosa Gray 1856b:28 (nomen suppressum,

ICZN 1985b), Pseudemys ventricosa

Emys (Clemmys) cataspila Günther 1885:4 (nomen

conservandum, ICZN 1985b), Pseudemys ca-

taspila, Chrysemys ornata cataspila, Pseudemys

scripta cataspila, Pseudemys ornata cataspila,

Chrysemys scripta cataspila, Trachemys scripta

cataspila, Trachemys ornata cataspila, Trache-

mys venusta cataspila

366 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

T. venusta iversoni McCord, Joseph-Ouni, Hagen, and

Blanck 2010

(10:10, 11:6)

Yucatan Slider

Mexico (Yucatán)

Trachemys venusta iversoni McCord, Joseph-Ouni,

Hagen, and Blanck 2010:45

T. venusta panamensis McCord, Joseph-Ouni, Hagen,

and Blanck 2010

(10:10, 11:6)

T. grayi panamensis

Panamanian Slider

Panama

Trachemys venusta panamensis McCord, Joseph-

Ouni, Hagen, and Blanck 2010:46, Trachemys

grayi panamensis

T. v. uhrigi McCord, Joseph-Ouni, Hagen, and

Blanck 2010

(10:10, 11:6) (23)

Uhrig’s Slider

Colombia (?) (Antioquia, Chocó), Costa Rica (?),

Honduras, Nicaragua (?), Panama (?)

Trachemys venusta uhrigi McCord, Joseph-Ouni,

Hagen, and Blanck 2010:43

Trachemys yaquia (Legler and Webb 1970)

(07:18)

Yaqui Slider

Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)

IUCN: Vulnerable B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) (2007)

Pseudemys scripta yaquia Legler and Webb

1970:157, Chrysemys scripta yaquia, Pseud-

emys ornata yaquia, Trachemys scripta yaquia,

Trachemys dorbigni yaquia, Trachemys ornata

yaquia, Trachemys yaquia

___emyDinae Ranesque 1815

Emidania Ranesque 1815:75

Emydidae Bell 1825a:302

Emydinae Cope 1870b:123

____Clemmys Ritgen 1828

Chelopus Ranesque 1815:75 (nomen nudum)

Clemmys Ritgen 1828:270

Chelopus Ranesque 1832:64

Nanemys Agassiz 1857a:252

Melanemys Shufeldt 1919:157

Clemmys guttata (Schneider 1792)

Spotted Turtle

Canada (Ontario), USA (Connecticut, Delaware, Florida,

Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Maryland, Mas-

sachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey,

New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania,

Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia,

West Virginia)

IUCN: Endangered A2cde+4ce (2011)

CITES: Appendix II

Testudo guttata Schneider 1792:264, Emys guttata,

Geoclemys guttata, Nanemys guttata, Clemmys

guttata, Geoclemmys guttata, Chelopus guttatus,

Melanemys guttatus

Testudo punctata Schoepff 1792:25 (junior hom-

onym), Emys punctata, Clemmys punctata, Ter-

rapene punctata, Chelopus punctatus

Testudo anonyma Schneider in Schoepff 1792:25 (no-

men nudum)

Geoclemmys sebae Gray 1869a:188

____Emys Duméril 1805

(07:21, 09:16, 10:11,12, 11:7) (24)

Emydes Brongniart 1805:27 (nomen suppressum,

ICZN 1995b)

Emys Duméril 1805:76

(10:11)

(nomen conservandum,

ICZN 1995b)

Hydrone Ranesque 1814:66

Emyda Ranesque 1815:75 (nomen novum)

Lutremys Gray 1844:31

Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus 1758)

European Pond Turtle

Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus,

Belgium (extirpated), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bul-

garia, Croatia, Czech Republic (extirpated), Denmark

(extirpated), Estonia (extirpated), France (Continen-

tal, Corsica [prehistoric introduction?]), Georgia,

Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy (Continental,

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 367

Sardinia [prehistoric introduction]), Kazakhstan,

Kosovo, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg (extirpated),

Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco,

Netherlands (extirpated), Poland, Portugal, Romania,

Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Continen-

tal), Switzerland (extirpated), Syria, Tunisia, Turkey,

Turkmenistan, Ukraine

Introduced: Czech Republic, Denmark, Spain (Balearic

Islands), Switzerland

IUCN: Near Threatened (1996)

IUCN Regional (Europe): Near Threatened (2004)

IUCN Regional (European Union): Vulnerable (2004)

E. o. orbicularis (Linnaeus 1758)

(09:17)

European Pond Turtle

Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and

Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic (ex-

tirpated), France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy,

Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova,

Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia,

Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine

Testudo orbicularis Linnaeus 1758:198 (nomen con-

servandum, ICZN 1995b), Hydrone orbicularis,

Emys orbicularis, Emys orbicularis orbicularis

Testudo lutaria Linnaeus 1758:198 (senior homonym),

Emydes lutaria, Emys lutaria, Clemmys (Clem-

mys) lutaria, Cistudo lutaria

Testudo terrestris Garsault 1764:pl.675

(10:13)

(senior

homonym and nomen oblitum)

Testudo europaea Schneider 1783:323, Emys euro-

paea, Terrapene europaea, Cistuda europaea,

Cistudo europaea, Lutremys europaea

Testudo pulchella Schoepff 1801:113 (senior hom-

onym), Emys pulchella

Emys turfa † Meyer 1835:67 [Holocene, subfossil,

Germany]

Clemmys schlotheimii † Fitzinger 1835:127 (nomen

nudum) [Pleistocene, Germany]

Emys lutaria borealis † Nilsson 1841:208 [Holocene,

Boreal (Atlantic), subfossil, Sweden]

Cistudo anhaltina † Giebel 1866a:1 [Holocene,

subfossil, Germany]

Emys lutaria taurica Mehnert 1890:537

Emys europaea sparsa Dürigen 1897:14

Emys europaea concolor Dürigen 1897:15

Emys europaea punctata Dürigen 1897:15

Emys orbicularis aralensis Nikolsky 1915:19

Emys orbicularis luteofusca Fritz 1989:143

(09:17)

Emys orbicularis colchica Fritz 1994:57

(09:17)

E. o. eiselti Fritz, Baran, Budak, and Amthauer 1998

Eiselt’s Pond Turtle

Syria, Turkey

Emys orbicularis eiselti Fritz, Baran, Budak, and

Amthauer 1998:113

E. o. fritzjuergenobsti Fritz 1993

(09:18)

Obst’s Pond Turtle

Portugal, Spain (Continental)

Emys orbicularis fritzjuergenobsti Fritz 1993:131

Emys orbicularis hispanica Fritz, Keller, and Budde

1996:129

(09:18)

E. o. galloitalica Fritz 1995

(10:14)

Franco-Italian Pond Turtle

France (Continental, Corsica [prehistoric introduc-

tion?]), Italy (Continental, Sardinia [prehistoric

introduction]), Spain (Continental)

Emys orbicularis (galloitalica) galloitalica Fritz

1995:217, Emys orbicularis galloitalica

Emys orbicularis (galloitalica) capolongoi Fritz

1995:204

(10:14)

, Emys orbicularis capolongoi

Emys orbicularis (galloitalica) lanzai Fritz

1995:211

(10:14)

, Emys orbicularis lanzai

E. o. hellenica Valenciennes in Bory de Saint-Vincent

1833

(12:19) (25)

Hellenic Pond Turtle

Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece,

Italy, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia,

Slovenia

Emys hellenica Valenciennes in Bory de Saint-Vin-

cent 1833:planches, pl.8

(25)

, Cistuda hellenica,

Emys orbicularis hellenica

Emys iberica Valenciennes in Bory de Saint-Vincent

1833:planches, pl.9

(25)

Emys antiquorum Bory de Saint-Vincent 1835:Atlas,

pl.9 [corrigenda] (nomen nudum)

(25)

Emys (Emys) hofmanni Fitzinger 1835:123

(12:19)

(no-

men novum)

Emys orbicularis atra Werner 1897:15

Emys europaea maculosa Dürigen 1897:15

E. o. ingauna Jesu, Piombo, Salvidio, Lamagni, Ortale,

and Genta 2004

(10:14)

Ligurian Pond Turtle

Italy (Continental)

Emys orbicularis ingauna Jesu, Piombo, Salvidio,

Lamagni, Ortale, and Genta 2004:133

E. o. occidentalis Fritz 1993

Magreb Pond Turtle

Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia

Emys orbicularis occidentalis Fritz 1993:131

E. o. persica Eichwald 1831

(07:23,24, 09:19)

Eastern Pond Turtle

Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia (Dagestan),

Turkmenistan

Emys europaea persicae Eichwald 1831:196, Emys

europaea persica, Emys orbicularis persica

Emys europaea ibericae Eichwald 1831:196

(09:19)

Emys europaea iberica, Emys orbicularis iberica

Emys orbicularis orientalis Fritz 1994:57

Emys orbicularis kurae Fritz 1994:57

(09:19)

E. orbicularis, ssp. indet.

(26)

Emys major † Portis 1890:16 (nomen dubium)

(26)

[Upper Pliocene, Italy]

Emys latens † Portis 1890:16 (nomen dubium)

(26)

[Upper Pliocene, Italy]

368 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Emys trinacris Fritz, Fattizzo, Guicking, Tripepi, Pennisi,

Lenk, Joger, and Wink 2005

Sicilian Pond Turtle

Italy (Sicily)

IUCN: Data Decient (2009)

Emys trinacris Fritz, Fattizzo, Guicking, Tripepi,

Pennisi, Lenk, Joger, and Wink 2005:364

____Emys Duméril 1805 or

Actinemys Agassiz 1857a

(07:22, 09:16, 10:12, 11:7) (24)

Actinemys Agassiz 1857a:252

Emys marmorata Baird and Girard 1852

(07:22, 10:15)

Actinemys marmorata

Western Pond Turtle, Pacic Pond Turtle

Canada (?) (British Columbia), Mexico (Baja California),

USA (California, Nevada, Oregon, Washington)

Introduced: Australia (New South Wales)

CBFTT Account: Bury and Germano 2008

IUCN: Vulnerable A1cd (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

Emys marmorata Baird and Girard 1852:177,

Actinemys marmorata, Clemmys marmorata,

Geoclemmys marmorata, Chelopus marmoratus,

Melanemys marmorata, Clemmys marmorata

marmorata, Actinemys marmorata marmorata,

Emys marmorata, Emys marmorata marmorata

Emys nigra Hallowell 1854:91 (senior homonym)

Clemmys wosnessenskyi Strauch 1862:114, Geoclem-

mys wosnessenskyi

Clemmys hesperia † Hay 1903:238 [Pliocene, USA

(California)]

Clemmys marmorata pallida Seeliger 1945:158,

Actinemys marmorata pallida, Emys marmorata

pallida, Emys pallida

____Emys Duméril 1805 or

Emydoidea Gray 1870c

(07:21, 09:16, 10:12, 11:7) (24)

Emydoidea Gray 1870c:19

Neoemys Lindholm 1929:282 (nomen novum)

Emys blandingii (Holbrook 1838b) or

Emydoidea blandingii

Blanding’s Turtle

Canada (Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec), USA (Illinois,

Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Min-

nesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New

York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Wisconsin)

CBFTT Account: Congdon, Graham, Herman, Lang,

Pappas, and Brecke 2008

IUCN: Endangered A2cde+4ce (2011)

CITES: Appendix II

Testudo ava Lacepède 1788:135

(09:6)

(nomen sup-

pressum, ICZN 1963)

Testudo ava Bonnaterre 1789:26 (nomen oblitum)

Testudo meleagris Shaw 1793:4 (nomen suppres-

sum, ICZN 1963), Lutremys meleagris, Emys

meleagris

Cistuda blandingii Holbrook 1838b:35 (nomen

conservandum, ICZN 1963), Cistudo blandingii,

Emys blandingii, Emydoidea blandingii, Neo-

emys blandingii

Emys twentei † Taylor 1943:250 [Pleistocene, USA

(Kansas)]

____Glyptemys Agassiz 1857a

(07:21)

Calemys Agassiz 1857a:252

Glyptemys Agassiz 1857a:252

Glyptemys insculpta (Le Conte 1830)

Wood Turtle

Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Qué-

bec), USA (Connecticut, Delaware, Iowa, Maine,

Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota,

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 369

New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylva-

nia, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia,

Wisconsin)

IUCN: Endangered A2cd+4c (2011)

CITES: Appendix II

Testudo insculpta Le Conte 1830:112, Clemmys

(Clemmys) insculpta, Clemmys insculpta, Emys

insculpta, Glyptemys insculpta, Chelopus ins-

culptus, Calemys insculpta

Emys speciosa Gray 1830e:10

(10:7)

Emys inscripta Gray 1831d:26 (nomen novum)

Emys speciosa levigata Gray 1831d:26

Glyptemys muhlenbergii (Schoepff 1801)

Bog Turtle

USA (Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Mas-

sachusetts, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York,

Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia)

IUCN: Critically Endangered A2cd+4ce (2011)

CITES: Appendix I

Testudo muhlenbergii Schoepff 1801:132, Emys

muhlenbergii, Chersine muhlenbergii, Terrapene

muhlenbergii, Clemmys (Clemmys) muhlenbergii,

Clemmys muhlenbergii, Geoclemys muhlenbergii,

Calemys muhlenbergii, Geoclemmys muhlen-

bergii, Chelopus muhlenbergii, Melanemys

muhlenbergii, Glyptemys muhlenbergii

Emys biguttata Say 1825:212

(10:16)

Emys (Cistuda) carolinae fusca Gray 1830e:7

(10:7)

Emys fusca

Emys bipunctata Gray 1830e:10 (nomen novum)

Clemmys nuchalis Dunn 1917:624

____Terrapene Merrem 1820

(27)

Didicla Ranesque 1815:75 (nomen nudum)

Terrapene Merrem 1820:27

Cistuda Fleming 1822:270

Didicla Ranesque 1832:64

Cistudo Duméril and Bibron 1835:207 (nomen

novum)

(10:17)

Pyxidemys Fitzinger 1835:123

Emyoides Gray 1844:27

Onychotria Gray 1849:17

Pariemys Cope 1895:757

Toxaspis Cope 1895:757

Cistudos Herrera 1901:36 (nomen novum et suppres-

sum, ICZN 1922)

Terrapene carolina (Linnaeus 1758)

(11:8) (27)

Eastern Box Turtle, Common Box Turtle

Canada (Ontario [extirpated]), Mexico (Campeche, Quin-

tana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz,

Yucatán), USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut,

Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Mas-

sachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New

Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina,

Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South

Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia)

IUCN: Vulnerable A2bcde+4bcde (2011)

CITES: Appendix II, as Terrapene spp.

T. c. carolina (Linnaeus 1758)

(11:8) (27)

Eastern Box Turtle

Canada (Ontario [extirpated]), USA (Alabama, Con-

necticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Ken-

tucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan,

Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York,

North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,

South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia)

Testudo carolina Linnaeus 1758:198 (senior hom-

onym), Terrapene carolina, Emys (Cistuda) caroli-

nae, Cistuda carolina, Cistudo carolina, Terrapene

carolina carolina

Testudo carinata Linnaeus 1758:198, Terrapene

carinata, Cistudo carinata

Testudo brevicaudata Lacepède 1788:169

(09:6)

(nomen

suppressum, ICZN 2005a)

Testudo incarcerata Bonnaterre 1789:29

Testudo incarceratostriata Bonnaterre 1789:29

Testudo clausa Gmelin 1789:1042, Emydes clausa,

Emys clausa, Didicla clausa, Terrapene clausa,

Cistudo clausa, Cinosternon clausum, Pyxidemys

clausa, Cinosternum clausum

Testudo virgulata Latreille in Sonnini and Latreille

1801:100, Emys virgulata, Terrapene virgulata

Emys schneideri Schweigger 1812:317

Monoclida kentukensis Ranesque 1822:5 (nomen

suppressum, ICZN 1984)

Terrapene maculata Bell 1825a:309, Terrapene

carolina maculata

Terrapene nebulosa Bell 1825a:310, Terrapene

carolina nebulosa

Testudo irregulata Daudin in Gray 1830e:7 (nomen

nudum)

Emys kinosternoides Gray 1830e:12

(10:7)

, Terrapene

kinosternoides

Emys cinosternoides Duméril and Bibron 1835:303

(nomen novum), Cistudo carolina cinosternoides,

370 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Cistudo cinosternoides, Terrapene cinosternoides

Cistudo virginea Agassiz 1857a:260

Cistudo eurypygia † Cope 1870b:124 [Pleistocene,

USA (Maryland)], Terrapene eurypygia

Toxaspis anguillulatus † Cope 1899:196 [Pleistocene,

USA (Pennsylvania)], Terrapene anguillulatus

Testudo munda † Hay 1920:86 [Pleistocene, USA

(Tennessee)]

T. c. bauri Taylor 1895

(11:8) (27)

T. bauri

Florida Box Turtle

USA (Florida)

Terrapene bauri Taylor 1895:576, Pariemys bauri,

Cistudo bauri, Terrapene carolina bauri

Terrapene innoxia † Hay 1916a:61 [Pleistocene,

USA (Florida)]

Trachemys nuchocarinata † Hay 1916a:70 (nomen

dubium) [Pleistocene, USA (Florida)]

Terrapene singletoni † Gilmore 1927:1 [Pleistocene,

USA (Florida)]

T. c. major (Agassiz 1857a)

(11:8) (27)

Gulf Coast Box Turtle

USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Missis-

sippi, Texas)

Cistudo major Agassiz 1857a:445, Cistudo carolina

major, Terrapene major, Toxaspis major, Ter-

rapene carolina major

Cistudo marnochii † Cope 1878:229 [Pliocene–Pleis-

tocene, USA (Texas)], Terrapene marnochii

Terrapene putnami † Hay 1906:30

(11:8) (27)

[Late

Pleistocene, USA (Florida)], Terrapene carolina

putnami

Terrapene canaliculata † Hay 1907:850 [Pliocene–

Early Pleistocene, USA (Georgia)]

Terrapene formosa † Hay 1916a:57 [Late Pleisto-

cene, USA (Florida)]

Terrapene antipex † Hay 1916a:58 [Late Pleistocene,

USA (Florida)]

Terrapene carolina (Linnaeus 1758)

(11:8) (27)

Terrapene mexicana

T. c. mexicana (Gray 1849)

(07:25) (27)

T. m. mexicana or

T. mexicana

Mexican Box Turtle

Mexico (San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz)

Cistudo (Onychotria) mexicana Gray 1849:17, Ony-

chotria mexicana, Cistudo mexicana, Cistudo

carolina mexicana, Chelopus mexicanus, Ter-

rapene mexicana, Terrapene mexicana mexicana,

Terrapene carolina mexicana

Terrapene goldmani Stejneger 1933:119

T. c. triunguis (Agassiz 1857a)

(11:8) (27)

T. m. triunguis

Three-toed Box Turtle

USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana,

Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas)

Cistudo triunguis Agassiz 1857a:279, Cistudo caro-

lina triunguis, Terrapene triunguis, Onychotria

triunguis, Terrapene carolina triunguis, Terra-

pene mexicana triunguis

Terrapene whitneyi † Hay 1916b:8 [Pleistocene, USA

(Texas)]

Terrapene bulverda † Hay 1920:133 [Pleistocene,

USA (Texas)]

Terrapene impressa † Hay 1924:245 [Pleistocene,

USA (Texas)]

Terrapene llanensis † Oelrich 1953:35 [Late Pleisto-

cene, Sangamonian, USA (Kansas)]

T. c. yucatana (Boulenger 1895b)

(07:25) (27)

T. m. yucatana or

T. yucatana

Yucatan Box Turtle

Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Yucatán)

Cistudo yucatana Boulenger 1895b:330, Terrapene

yucatana, Terrapene mexicana yucatana, Ter-

rapene carolina yucatana

Terrapene coahuila Schmidt and Owens 1944

(27)

Coahuilan Box Turtle

Mexico (Coahuila)

CBFTT Account: Howeth and Brown 2011

IUCN: Endangered A2c+4c, B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2b(i,ii,iii,

iv,v) (2007)

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 371

CITES: Appendix I

Terrapene coahuila Schmidt and Owens 1944:101,

Terrapene ornata coahuila

Terrapene nelsoni Stejneger 1925

(27)

Spotted Box Turtle

Mexico (Chihuahua, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora)

CBFTT Account: Buskirk and Ponce-Campos 2011

IUCN: Data Decient (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

CITES: Appendix II, as Terrapene spp.

T. n. nelsoni Stejneger 1925

Southern Spotted Box Turtle

Mexico (Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa)

Terrapene nelsoni Stejneger 1925:463, Terrapene

nelsoni nelsoni

T. n. klauberi Bogert 1943

Northern Spotted Box Turtle

Mexico (Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Sonora)

Terrapene klauberi Bogert 1943:2, Terrapene nelsoni

klauberi

Terrapene ornata (Agassiz 1857a)

(12:20) (27)

Ornate Box Turtle, Western Box Turtle

Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora), USA (Arizona,

Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,

Louisiana, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Okla-

homa, South Dakota, Texas, Wisconsin, Wyoming)

IUCN: Near Threatened (2011)

CITES: Appendix II, as Terrapene spp.

T. o. ornata (Agassiz 1857a)

(12:20) (27)

Ornate Box Turtle, Western Box Turtle

USA (Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kan-

sas, Louisiana, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico,

Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wisconsin)

Cistudo ornata Agassiz 1857a:392, Terrapene

ornata, Terrapene ornata ornata, Terrapene

carolina ornata

Terrapene ornata cimarronensis Cragin 1894:37

Terrapene longinsulae † Hay 1908c:166

(12:20)

[Up-

per Miocene or Lower Pliocene to possibly

Pleistocene, USA (Kansas)], Terrapene ornata

longinsulae

T. o. luteola Smith and Ramsey 1952

(27)

Desert Box Turtle

Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora), USA (Arizona,

New Mexico, Texas)

Terrapene ornata luteola Smith and Ramsey 1952:45

__plaTysTerniDae Gray 1869a

(07:26)

Platysternidae Gray 1869a:208

____Platysternon Gray 1831c

Platysternon Gray 1831c:106

Platysternum Agassiz 1846:297 (nomen novum)

Platysternon megacephalum Gray 1831c

Big-headed Turtle

Cambodia, China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi,

Guizhou, Hainan, Hong Kong, Hunan, Jiangsu, Ji-

angxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Laos, Myanmar, Thailand,

Vietnam

IUCN: Endangered A1d+2d (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix I, as Platysternidae spp.

P. m. megacephalum Gray 1831c

(07:27)

Chinese Big-headed Turtle

China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou,

Hainan, Hong Kong, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Yun-

nan, Zhejiang), Vietnam

Platysternon megacephalum Gray 1831c:107, Emys

megacephala, Platysternon megacephalus, Plat-

ysternon megacephalum megacephalum

Platysternon megacephalum tristernalis Schleich and

Gruber 1984:67

P. m. peguense Gray 1870c

Burmese Big-headed Turtle

Myanmar, Thailand

Platysternon peguense Gray 1870c:70, Platysternon

megacephalum peguense

Platysternon megacephalum vogeli Wermuth

1969:372

372 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

P. m. shiui Ernst and McCord 1987

Vietnamese Big-headed Turtle

Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam

Platysternon megacephalum shiui Ernst and McCord

1987:624

__geoemyDiDae Theobald 1868a

(07:29, 09:20, 12:21)

Geoemydidae Theobald 1868a:9

Batagurina Gray 1869a:185

Bataguridae Gray 1870c:17

___geoemyDinae Theobald 1868a

(12:21)

Geoemydidae Theobald 1868a:9

Batagurina Gray 1869a:185

Bataguridae Gray 1870c:17

____Batagur Gray 1856b

(07:30, 08:9)

Tetraonyx Gray 1830e:19

(10:7)

(junior homonym)

Tetronyx Lesson 1832:pl.7 (nomen oblitum)

Batagur Gray 1856b:35

Kachuga Gray 1856b:35

Batagurella Gray 1869a:200

Dongoka Gray 1869a:202

Dhongoka Gray 1870c:57 (nomen novum)

Callagur Gray 1870c:53

Cantorella Gray 1870c:58

Cachuga Lydekker 1889:123 (nomen novum)

Batagur afnis (Cantor 1847)

(08:9)

Southern River Terrapin

Cambodia, Indonesia (Sumatra), Malaysia (West), Singa-

pore (extirpated), Vietnam (extirpated)

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix I

B. a. afnis (Cantor 1847)

(09:21)

Western Malay River Terrapin

Indonesia (Sumatra), Malaysia (West), Singapore

(extirpated)

Tetraonyx afnis Cantor 1847:612, Batagur afnis,

Kachuga afnis, Batagur afnis afnis

Batagur siebenrocki † Jaekel 1911:76 [Pleistocene,

Pithecanthropus Trinil Beds, Indonesia (Java)]

B. a. edwardmolli Praschag, Holloway, Georges, Päckert,

Hundsdörfer, and Fritz 2009

(09:21)

Eastern Malay River Terrapin

Cambodia, Malaysia (West), Vietnam (extirpated)

Batagur afnis edwardmolli Praschag, Holloway,

Georges, Päckert, Hundsdörfer, and Fritz

2009:64

(09:21)

Batagur baska (Gray 1830d)

(07:31, 08:9)

Northern River Terrapin

Bangladesh, India (Orissa, West Bengal), Myanmar,

Thailand (extirpated?)

CBFTT Account: Moll, Platt, Platt, Praschag, and van

Dijk 2009

IUCN: Critically Endangered A1cd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix I

Emys baska Gray 1830d:pl.75, Testudo baska, Tet-

ronyx baska, Batagur (Batagur) baska, Batagur

baska, Tetraonyx baska, Batagur baska baska

Emys batagur Gray 1830e:9

(10:7)

, Clemmys (Clem-

mys) batagur, Tetraonyx batagur, Batagur

batagur, Batagur batagur batagur

Trionyx (Tetraonyx) cuvieri Gray 1830e:19

(10:7)

Tetraonyx longicollis Lesson 1831b:297, Clemmys

longicollis

Emys tetraonyx Temminck and Schlegel 1834:43

(10:18)

(nomen novum)

Tetraonyx lessonii Duméril and Bibron 1835:338

(nomen novum), Hydraspis (Tetronyx) lessonii

Batagur baska ranongensis Nutaphand 1979:26

(07:31)

, Batagur ranongensis, Batagur batagur

ranongensis

Batagur borneoensis (Schlegel and Müller 1845)

(07:30)

Painted Terrapin

Brunei, Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra), Malaysia

(East, West), Thailand

IUCN: Critically Endangered A1bcd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Batagur spp.

Emys borneoensis Schlegel and Müller 1845:30,

Clemmys borneoensis, Callagur borneoensis,

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 373

Batagur borneoensis

Batagur picta Gray 1862b:204, Callagur picta,

Tetraonyx pictus, Callagur pictus

Clemmys grayi Strauch 1865:88 (nomen novum)

Kachuga major Gray 1873c:300

Kachuga brookei Bartlett 1895a:29

Batagur dhongoka (Gray 1832b)

(07:30)

Three-striped Roofed Turtle

Bangladesh, India (Assam, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh,

Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Nepal (?)

IUCN: Endangered A1cd+2cd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Batagur spp.

Emys dhongoka Gray 1832b:pl.60, Batagur (Ka-

chuga) dhongoka, Batagur dhongoka, Clemmys

dhongoka, Kachuga dhongoka

Emys duvaucelii Duméril and Bibron 1835:334,

Batagur duvaucelii

Kachuga hardwickii Gray 1869a:202, Dhongoka

hardwickii

Batagur durandi † Lydekker 1885:192 [Late

Pliocene to Early Pleistocene, Siwaliks, India

(Punjab)]

Batagur kachuga (Gray 1831a)

(07:30)

Red-crowned Roofed Turtle

Bangladesh, India (Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Uttar

Pradesh, West Bengal), Nepal

IUCN: Critically Endangered A1cd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Batagur spp.

Emys lineata Gray 1830e:9

(10:7)

(nomen oblitum),

Clemmys (Clemmys) lineata, Batagur (Kachuga)

lineata, Batagur lineatus, Kachuga lineata

Emys kachuga Gray 1831a:pl.74, Batagur kachuga,

Kachuga kachuga

Batagur ellioti Gray 1862b:264, Clemmys ellioti

Kachuga fusca Gray 1870c:56 (partim)

Batagur bakeri † Lydekker 1885:190 [Late Pliocene

to Early Pleistocene, Siwaliks, India (Punjab)]

Batagur trivittata (Duméril and Bibron 1835)

(07:30)

Burmese Roofed Turtle

Myanmar

IUCN: Endangered A1c (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Batagur spp.

Emys trivittata Duméril and Bibron 1835:331,

Batagur trivittata, Kachuga trivittata

Kachuga peguensis Gray 1869a:200

Kachuga trilineata Gray 1869a:200

Kachuga fusca Gray 1870c:56 (partim)

Batagur iravadica Anderson 1879:736, Clemmys

iravadica

____Cuora Gray 1856a

(07:32, 12:22)

Cuora Gray 1856a:198

Cistoclemmys Gray 1863e:175

Pyxidea Gray 1863e:175

Pyxiclemmys Gray 1863e:176

Cuora amboinensis (Riche in Daudin 1801)

(12:23)

Southeast Asian Box Turtle

Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, India

(Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Nicobar

Islands), Indonesia (Java, Kalimantan, Lesser

Sundas, Moluccas, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Timor), Laos,

Malaysia (East, West), Myanmar, Philippines (Bohol,

Cebu, Leyte, Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Negros,

Palawan, Panay, Samar, Sulu Archipelago), Thailand,

Timor-Leste (?), Vietnam

CBFTT Account: Schoppe and Das 2011

IUCN: Vulnerable A1d+2d (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix II, as Cuora spp.

374 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

C. a. amboinensis (Riche in Daudin 1801)

(12:23)

East Indian Box Turtle

Indonesia (Moluccas, Sulawesi), Philippines (Bohol,

Cebu, Leyte, Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Negros,

Palawan [?], Panay, Samar)

Testudo melanocephala Van-Ernest in Daudin

1801:128 (nomen oblitum), Emys melanocepha-

la, Clemmys (Clemmys) melanocephala

Testudo amboinensis Riche in Daudin 1801:309,

Emys amboinensis, Terrapene amboinensis, Cis-

tuda amboinensis, Cuora amboinensis, Cistudo

amboinensis, Cyclemys amboinensis, Cuora

amboinensis amboinensis

Emys (Cistuda) amboinensis leveriana Gray 1830e:7

(10:7)

Emys melanogaster Bleeker in Gray 1864a:12 (nomen

nudum)

Emys hypselonotus Bleeker in Gray 1864a:12 (nomen

nudum)

C. a. couro (Schweigger 1812)

Indonesian Box Turtle

Indonesia (Java, Lesser Sundas, Sumatra, Timor),

Timor-Leste (?)

Emys couro Schweigger 1812:315, Terrapene couro,

Cuora amboinensis couro

Terrapene bicolor Bell 1826:485

C. a. kamaroma Rummler and Fritz 1991

(12:23)

Malayan Box Turtle

Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, India

(Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Nicobar

Islands), Indonesia (Kalimantan), Malaysia (East,

West), Laos, Myanmar (?), Philippines (Palawan [?],

Sulu Archipelago [?]), Thailand, Vietnam

Cuora amboinensis kamaroma Rummler and Fritz

1991:17

C. a. lineata McCord and Philippen 1998

Burmese Box Turtle

Myanmar

Cuora amboinensis lineata McCord and Philippen

1998:51

Cuora aurocapitata Luo and Zong 1988

(12:22)

Yellow-headed Box Turtle

China (Anhui)

IUCN: Critically Endangered A1d+2d (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Cuora spp.

Cuora aurocapitata Luo and Zong 1988:14, Cuora

pani aurocapitata, Pyxiclemmys aurocapitata,

Pyxiclemmys pani aurocapitata

Cuora bourreti Obst and Reimann 1994

(07:35, 09:22, 12:22)

Bourret’s Box Turtle

Laos, Vietnam

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Cuora spp.

Cuora galbinifrons serrata Iverson and McCord

1992b:434

(07:33)

(partim, hybrid)

Cuora galbinifrons bourreti Obst and Reimann 1994:125,

Cistoclemmys galbinifrons bourreti, Cuora bourreti,

Cistoclemmys bourreti

Cuora avomarginata (Gray 1863e)

(08:21, 11:9, 12:22)

Yellow-margined Box Turtle

China (Anhui, Fujian, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu,

Jiangxi, Zhejiang), Japan (Ryukyu Archipelago),

Taiwan

CBFTT Account: Ota, Yasukawa, Fu, and Chen 2009

IUCN: Endangered A1cd+2cd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Cuora spp.

C. f. avomarginata (Gray 1863e)

Yellow-margined Box Turtle

China (Anhui, Fujian, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu,

Jiangxi, Zhejiang), Taiwan

Cistoclemmys avomarginata Gray 1863e:175, Cu-

ora avomarginata, Terrapene avomarginata,

Cyclemys avomarginata, Cyclemys avomar-

ginata avomarginata, Cuora avomarginata

avomarginata, Geoemyda avomarginata,

Cistoclemmys avomarginatus, Cistoclemmys

avomarginata avomarginata

Cyclemys avomarginata sinensis Hsü 1930:3

(07:34, 08:21)

, Cuora avomarginata sinensis,

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 375

Cistoclemmys avomarginata sinensis

Terrapene culturalia † Yeh 1961:59 [Holocene,

Neolithic, subfossil, China (Shandong)]

C. f. evelynae Ernst and Lovich 1990

(08:21, 11:9)

Ryukyu Yellow-margined Box Turtle

Japan (Ryukyu Archipelago)

Cuora evelynae Ernst and Lovich 1990:26, Cuora

avomarginata evelynae, Cistoclemmys avomar-

ginata evelynae

Cuora galbinifrons Bourret 1940

(07:35, 09:22, 12:22,24)

Indochinese Box Turtle

China (Guangxi, Hainan), Laos, Vietnam

IUCN: Critically Endangered A1d+2d (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Cuora spp.

Cuora galbinifrons Bourret 1940:11, Cistoclemmys

galbinifrons, Cuora galbinifrons galbinifrons,

Cistoclemmys galbinifrons galbinifrons

Cyclemus avomarginata hainanensis Li 1958:234,

Cuora hainanensis, Cyclemys avomarginata

hainanensis, Cistoclemmys hainanensis, Cuora

avomarginata hainanensis, Cistoclemmys

avomarginata hainanensis, Cuora galbinifrons

hainanensis, Cyclemys avomarginatus haina-

nensis, Cistoclemmys galbinifrons hainanensis

Cuora galbinifrons serrata Iverson and McCord

1992b:434

(07:33)

(partim, hybrid)

Cuora mccordi Ernst 1988

(12:22)

McCord’s Box Turtle

China (Guangxi)

IUCN: Critically Endangered A1d+2d (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Cuora spp.

Cuora mccordi Ernst 1988:466, Cistoclemmys mccordi

Cuora mouhotii (Gray 1862a)

(07:32, 12:22)

Keeled Box Turtle

Bangladesh, Bhutan, China (Guangdong [?], Guangxi,

Hainan, Hunan, Yunnan), India (Arunachal Pradesh,

Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram [?]), Laos, Myanmar,

Thailand (?), Vietnam

IUCN: Endangered A1d+2d (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Cuora spp.

C. m. mouhotii (Gray 1862a)

Northern Keeled Box Turtle

Bangladesh, Bhutan, China (Guangdong, Guangxi,

Hainan, Hunan, Yunnan), India (Arunachal Pradesh,

Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram [?]), Laos, Myanmar,

Thailand (?), Vietnam

Cyclemys mouhotii Gray 1862a:157, Pyxidea

mouhotii, Emys mouhotii, Geoemyda mouhotii,

Pyxidea mouhotii mouhotii, Cuora mouhotii,

Cuora mouhotii mouhotii

Cuora galbinifrons serrata Iverson and McCord

1992b:434

(07:33)

(partim, hybrid)

C. m. obsti (Fritz, Andreas, and Lehr 1998)

Southern Keeled Box Turtle

Vietnam

Pyxidea mouhotii obsti Fritz, Andreas, and Lehr

1998:33, Cuora mouhotii obsti

Cuora pani Song 1984

(12:22)

Pan’s Box Turtle

China (Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan)

IUCN: Critically Endangered A1d+2d (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Cuora spp.

Cuora pani Song 1984:330, Cuora pani pani, Pyxi-

clemmys pani pani

Cuora chriskarannarum Ernst and McCord 1987:624

376 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Cuora picturata Lehr, Fritz, and Obst 1998

(07:35, 09:22, 12:22)

Southern Vietnam Box Turtle

Vietnam

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Cuora spp.

Cuora galbinifrons picturata Lehr, Fritz, and Obst

1998:5, Cistoclemmys galbinifrons picturata,

Cuora picturata, Cistoclemmys picturata

Cuora trifasciata (Bell 1825a)

(07:36, 09:23, 12:22)

Chinese Three-striped Box Turtle, Golden Coin Turtle

China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong

Kong), Laos, Vietnam

IUCN: Critically Endangered A1d+2d (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Cuora spp.

Sternothaerus trifasciatus Bell 1825a:305, Emys

(Cistuda) trifasciata, Emys trifasciata, Cistuda

trifasciata, Cistudo trifasciata, Cuora trifasciata,

Pyxidemys trifasciata, Terrapene trifasciata,

Cyclemys trifasciata, Pyxiclemmys trifasciata

Mauremys iversoni Pritchard and McCord 1991:140

(07:33)

(partim, hybrid)

Sacalia pseudocellata Iverson and McCord

1992a:426

(07:33)

(partim, hybrid)

Ocadia philippeni McCord and Iverson 1992:13

(07:33)

(partim, hybrid)

Clemmys guangxiensis Qin 1992:60 (partim, hybrid)

Cuora cyclornata cyclornata Blanck, McCord, and

Le 2006:10

(07:36, 09:23, 12:22)

Cuora cyclornata meieri Blanck, McCord, and Le

2006:10

(07:36, 09:23, 12:22)

Cuora yunnanensis (Boulenger 1906)

(07:37, 12:22)

Yunnan Box Turtle

China (Yunnan)

IUCN: Critically Endangered B2ab(ii,iii,v), D (2009)

CITES: Appendix II, as Cuora spp.

Cyclemys yunnanensis Boulenger 1906:567, Cuora

yunnanensis, Pyxiclemmys yunnanensis

Cuora zhoui Zhao in Zhao, Zhou, and Ye 1990

(12:22)

Zhou’s Box Turtle

China (Guangxi?), Vietnam (?)

IUCN: Critically Endangered A1d+2d (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Cuora spp.

Cuora zhoui Zhao in Zhao, Zhou, and Ye 1990:213,

Pyxiclemmys zhoui

Cuora pallidicephala McCord and Iverson 1991:407

____Cyclemys Bell 1834

(07:38, 08:6, 09:24)

Cyclemys Bell 1834:17

Cyclemys atripons Iverson and McCord 1997

Western Black-bridged Leaf Turtle

Cambodia, Thailand

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Near Threatened

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 377

CITES: Appendix II, as Cyclemys spp.

Cyclemys atripons Iverson and McCord 1997:629,

Cyclemys atripons atripons

Cyclemys dentata (Gray 1831d)

(08:7)

Asian Leaf Turtle

Brunei, Indonesia (Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra), Malaysia

(East, West), Philippines (Palawan, Sulu Archipela-

go), Singapore, Thailand (peninsular)

IUCN: Near Threatened (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

CITES: Appendix II, as Cyclemys spp.

Emys hasseltii Boie in Fitzinger 1826:45 (nomen

nudum), Clemmys (Clemmys) hasseltii

Emys dhor Gray 1830e:8

(10:7)

(nomen oblitum),

Cyclemys dhor

Emys dentata Gray 1831d:errata [btw 78-79] (nomen

novum), Cistudo (Cyclemys) dentata, Cistudo

dentata, Cyclemys dentata, Cyclemys dentata

dentata

Cyclemys orbiculata Bell 1834:17, Cistudo

orbiculata

Cistudo diardii Duméril and Bibron 1835:227 (no-

men novum), Emys diardii

Cyclemys ovata Gray 1863e:178

Cyclemys bellii Gray 1863e:179

Cyclemys enigmatica Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer, Wink,

and Hundsdörfer 2008

(08:6)

Enigmatic Leaf Turtle

Brunei (?), Malaysia (East, West), Singapore, Indonesia

(Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra)

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

CITES: Appendix II, as Cyclemys spp.

Cyclemys enigmatica Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer,

Wink, and Hundsdörfer 2008:381

Cyclemys fusca Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer, Wink,

and Hundsdörfer 2008

(08:6)

Myanmar Brown Leaf Turtle

Myanmar

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

CITES: Appendix II, as Cyclemys spp.

Cyclemys fusca Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer,

Wink, and Hundsdörfer 2008:383

Cyclemys gemeli Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer, Wink,

and Hundsdörfer 2008

(08:6)

Assam Leaf Turtle

Bangladesh, Bhutan, India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam,

Meghalaya, Mizoram, West Bengal)

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

CITES: Appendix II, as Cyclemys spp.

Cyclemys gemeli Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer,

Wink, and Hundsdörfer 2008:384

Cyclemys oldhamii Gray 1863e

(08:8)

Southeast Asian Leaf Turtle

Cambodia, China (?) (Yunnan [?]), Laos, Myanmar,

Thailand, Vietnam

IUCN: Not Evaluated

378 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

CITES: Appendix II, as Cyclemys spp.

Cyclemys oldhamii Gray 1863e:178

Cyclemys dhor shanensis Annandale 1918:67, Cycle-

mys shanensis, Cyclemys shanensis shanensis

Geoemyda tcheponensis Bourret 1939:7, Cyclemys

tcheponensis, Cyclemys dentata tcheponensis,

Cyclemys shanensis tcheponensis

Cyclemys tiannanensis Kou 1989:193

Cyclemys pulchristriata Fritz, Gaulke, and Lehr 1997

Eastern Black-bridged Leaf Turtle

Cambodia, Vietnam

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

CITES: Appendix II, as Cyclemys spp.

Cyclemys pulchristriata Fritz, Gaulke, and Lehr

1997:183, Cyclemys atripons pulchristriata

____Geoclemys Gray 1856b

Geoclemys Gray 1856b:17

Geoclemmys Cope 1865:186 (nomen novum)

Geoclemys hamiltonii (Gray 1830e)

(10:7)

Spotted Pond Turtle, Black Pond Turtle

Bangladesh, India (Assam, Bihar, Jammu, Meghalaya,

Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal),

Nepal, Pakistan

CBFTT Account: Das and Bhupathy 2010

IUCN: Vulnerable A1d+2d (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

CITES: Appendix I

Emys hamiltonii Gray 1830e:9

(10:7)

, Clemmys (Clem-

mys) hamiltonii, Clemmys hamiltonii, Geoclemys

hamiltonii, Damonia hamiltonii, Geoclemmys

hamiltonii

Emys guttata Gray 1831b:pl.76

Emys piquotii Lesson 1831a:120

Emys picquotii Duméril and Bibron 1835:316 (no-

men novum)

Melanochelys pictus Murray 1884:107

Clemmys palaeindica † Lydekker 1885:178 [Late Plio-

cene to Early Pleistocene, Siwaliks, India (Punjab)]

Geoclemys sivalensis † Tewari and Badam 1969:555

[Lower Pleistocene, Upper Siwaliks, India (Punjab)]

____Geoemyda Gray 1834b

(07:39)

Geoemyda Gray 1834b:100 (nomen conservandum,

ICZN 1985a)

Geoemys Bonaparte 1836:6 (nomen novum)

Nicoria Gray 1856b:17

Geoemyda japonica Fan 1931

Ryukyu Black-breasted Leaf Turtle

Japan (Ryukyu Archipelago)

CBFTT Account: Yasukawa and Ota 2008

IUCN: Endangered A1ce, B1+2c (2000)

CITES: Appendix II

Geoemyda spengleri japonica Fan 1931:148, Geo-

emyda japonica, Geoemyda japonicus

Geoemyda spengleri (Gmelin 1789)

(09:25)

Black-breasted Leaf Turtle

China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan [?],

Jiangxi), Laos, Vietnam

CBFTT Account: Yasukawa and Ota 2010

IUCN: Endangered A1cd+2cd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

CITES: Appendix II

Testudo spengleri Gmelin 1789:1043 (nomen

conservandum, ICZN 1985a), Emys spengleri,

Geoemyda spengleri, Clemmys (Clemmys)

spengleri, Clemmys spengleri, Nicoria spengleri,

Geoemyda spengleri spengleri

Testudo serrata Shaw 1802:51 (junior homonym)

Testudo tricarinata Bory de Saint-Vincent 1804:308

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 379

(junior homonym)

Geoemyda spengleri sinensis Fan 1931:146

____Hardella Gray 1870c

Hardella Gray 1870c:58

Hardella thurjii (Gray 1831d)

(07:40)

Crowned River Turtle

Bangladesh, India (Assam, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh,

Meghalaya, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal),

Nepal, Pakistan

CBFTT Account: Das and Bhupathy 2009a

IUCN: Vulnerable A1cd+2cd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

CITES: Appendix II

Emys thuryi Gray 1830e:8

(10:7)

(nomen oblitum)

Emys thurjii Gray 1831d:22 (nomen novum), Hard-

ella thurjii, Hardella thurjii thurjii

Emys avonigra Lesson 1831a:120

Clemmys (Clemmys) thurgii Fitzinger 1835:123

(nomen novum), Clemmys thurgii, Emys thurgii,

Batagur thurgii, Hardella thurgii, Batagur (Hard-

ella) thurgii

Kachuga oldhami Gray 1869a:200

Hardella indi Gray 1870c:58

(07:40)

, Hardella thurjii

indi

Batagur falconeri † Lydekker 1885:187 [Late

Pliocene to Early Pleistocene, Siwaliks, India

(Punjab)], Hardella falconeri

Batagur cautleyi † Lydekker 1885:194 [Late

Pliocene to Early Pleistocene, Siwaliks, India

(Punjab)]

____Heosemys Stejneger 1902

Heosemys Stejneger 1902:238

Hieremys Smith 1916:50

Heosemys annandalii (Boulenger 1903a)

(07:41)

Yellow-headed Temple Turtle

Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia (West), Myanmar (?), Thailand,

Vietnam

IUCN: Endangered A1cd+2d (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: (Critically) Endangered

CITES: Appendix II

Cyclemys annandalii Boulenger 1903a:142, Hier-

emys annandalii, Heosemys annandalii

Emys siamensis Gray in Bocourt 1866:4 (nomen

nudum)

Hieremys annandalei Smith 1916:50 (nomen no-

vum), Cyclemys annandalei

Heosemys depressa (Anderson 1875)

Arakan Forest Turtle

Myanmar

IUCN: Critically Endangered A2cd, B1+2c (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: (Critically) Endangered

CITES: Appendix II

Geoemyda depressa Anderson 1875:284, Heosemys

depressa

Geomyda arakana Theobald 1876:vii

Heosemys grandis (Gray 1860d)

Giant Asian Pond Turtle

380 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia (West), Myanmar, Thailand,

Vietnam

IUCN: Vulnerable A1d+2cd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

CITES: Appendix II

Emys siamensis Gray in Günther 1860:114 (nomen

nudum)

Geoemyda grandis Gray 1860d:218, Clemmys gran-

dis, Heosemys grandis

Heosemys spinosa (Gray 1830a)

(12:25)

Spiny Turtle

Brunei, Indonesia (Sumatra, Kalimantan), Malaysia

(East, West), Myanmar, Philippines (Sulu Archipela-

go [Tawi-Tawi]), Singapore, Thailand

IUCN: Endangered A1bcd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

CITES: Appendix II

Emys spinosae Gray 1830a:pl.77

Emys spinosa Gray 1831d:20 (nomen novum), Geo-

emyda spinosa, Clemmys (Clemmys) spinosa,

Clemmys spinosa, Heosemys spinosa

____Leucocephalon McCord, Iverson, Spinks, and Shaffer 2000

Leucocephalon McCord, Iverson, Spinks, and Shaf-

fer 2000:86

Leucocephalon yuwonoi (McCord, Iverson, and Boeadi

1995)

(07:42)

Sulawesi Forest Turtle

Indonesia (Sulawesi)

CBFTT Account: Hagen, Platt, and Innis 2009

IUCN: Critically Endangered A1cd+2cd, C1 (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II

Geoemyda yuwonoi McCord, Iverson, and Boeadi

1995:311, Heosemys yuwonoi, Leucocephalon

yuwonoi

____Malayemys Lindholm 1931

Damonia Gray 1869a:193 (junior homonym)

Malayemys Lindholm 1931:30 (nomen novum)

Malayemys macrocephala (Gray 1859)

(07:43)

Malayan Snail-eating Turtle

Malaysia (West), Myanmar, Thailand

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix II

Geoclemmys macrocephala Gray 1859:479, Clem-

mys macrocephala, Emys macrocephala, Damo-

nia macrocephala, Geoclemys macrocephala,

Malayemys macrocephala

Malayemys subtrijuga (Schlegel and Müller 1845)

Mekong Snail-eating Turtle

Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam

Introduced: Indonesia (Java)

IUCN: Vulnerable A1d+2d (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix II

Emys herrmanni Schweigger 1812:311 (nomen

dubium)

Emys subtrijuga Schlegel and Müller 1845:30,

Damonia subtrijuga, Geoclemys subtrijuga,

Malayemys subtrijuga

Cistudo gibbosa Bleeker 1857b:239 (nomen nudum)

Emys nuchalis Blyth 1863:82, Bellia nuchalis

Damonia crassiceps Gray 1870c:43

Damonia oblonga Gray 1871c:367

____Mauremys Gray 1869b

(07:44, 09:26)

Mauremys Gray 1869b:500

Ocadia Gray 1870c:35

Emmenia Gray 1870c:38

Eryma Gray 1870c:44 (junior homonym)

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 381

Cathaiemys Lindholm 1931:29

Pseudocadia Lindholm 1931:30

Chinemys Smith 1931:xxvii

Annamemys Bourret 1939b:15

Mauremys annamensis (Siebenrock 1903a)

(07:44) (29)

Vietnamese Pond Turtle, Annam Pond Turtle

Vietnam

IUCN: Critically Endangered A1d+2d (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II

Cyclemys annamensis Siebenrock 1903a:341, Cuora

(Cyclemys) annamensis, Cuora annamensis,

Annamemys annamensis, Mauremys annamensis,

Cathaiemys annamensis

Annamemys merkleni Bourret 1939b:15

Clemmys guangxiensis Qin 1992:60 (partim, hybrid)

(29)

Mauremys guangxiensis

Ocadia glyphistoma McCord and Iverson 1994:53

(07:33)

(partim, hybrid)

Mauremys caspica (Gmelin 1774)

(09:27, 12:26)

Caspian Turtle, Caspian Terrapin

Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Georgia, Iran, Iraq,

Kuwait, Russia (Dagestan), Saudi Arabia (Northern),

Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan

Introduced: Latvia

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

Testudo caspica Gmelin 1774:59, Emys caspica,

Clemmys caspica, Terrapene caspica, Clemmys

caspica caspica, Mauremys caspica, Mauremys

caspica caspica

Emys grayi Günther 1869:504 (junior homonym),

Emmenia grayi

Mauremys caspica siebenrocki Wischuf and Fritz in

Fritz and Wischuf 1997:240

Mauremys caspica ventrimaculata Wischuf and Fritz

1996:113

Mauremys caspica schiras Wischuf in Maran

1996:17 (nomen nudum)

Mauremys japonica (Temminck and Schlegel 1838)

(10:18) (30)

Japanese Pond Turtle

Japan (Honshu, Kyoshu, Shikoku)

CBFTT Account: Yasukawa, Yabe, and Ota 2008

IUCN: Near Threatened (2000)

CITES: Appendix II

Emys palustris var. Japon Temminck and Schlegel

1834:pls.8-9

(30)

(invalid vernacular name)

Emys vulgaris var. japonaise Temminck and Schlegel

1834:54

(30)

(invalid vernacular name)

Emys vulgaris japonica Temminck and Schlegel

1838:139

(10:18) (30)

, Emys japonica, Emys caspica

japonica, Clemmys japonica, Mauremys ja-

ponica, Ocadia japonica

Mauremys leprosa (Schweigger 1812)

Mediterranean Pond Turtle, Spanish Terrapin

Algeria, France, Libya, Mauritania (prehistoric introduc-

tion?), Mali (prehistoric introduction?), Morocco,

Niger (prehistoric introduction?), Portugal, Spain

(Continental), Tunisia

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

IUCN Regional (Europe): Vulnerable (2004)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

M. l. leprosa (Schweigger 1812)

(07:45)

Mediterranean Pond Turtle

Algeria, France, Morocco, Portugal, Spain (Continental)

Emys leprosa Schweigger 1812:298, Clemmys

(Clemmys) leprosa, Clemmys leprosa, Emys

caspica leprosa, Clemmys caspica leprosa,

Mauremys caspica leprosa, Mauremys leprosa,

Mauremys leprosa leprosa

Emys lutescens Schweigger 1812:302, Clemmys

382 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

(Clemmys) lutescens, Clemmys lutescens

Emys marmorea Spix 1824:13, Clemmys marmorea

Clemmys sigriz Michahelles 1829:1295, Terrapene

sigriz, Emys sigriz, Clemmys caspica sigriz

Emys vulgaris Gray 1830e:9

(10:7)

Emys laticeps Gray 1854a:134, Clemmys laticeps,

Eryma laticeps

Emys fuliginosus Gray 1860c:232, Clemmys fuligi-

nosa, Mauremys fuliginosa

Emys laniaria Gray 1869b:499, Mauremys laniaria

Emys avipes Gray 1869c:643

Emys fraseri Gray 1869c:643 (partim, nomen dubium)

Mauremys leprosa atlantica Schleich 1996:29

(07:45)

Mauremys leprosa erhardi Schleich 1996:29

(07:45)

Mauremys leprosa marokkensis Schleich 1996:29

(07:45)

Mauremys leprosa wernerkaestlei Schleich 1996:29

(07:45)

M. l. saharica Schleich 1996

(07:45)

Saharan Pond Turtle

Algeria, Libya, Mauritania (prehistoric introduction?),

Mali (prehistoric introduction?), Morocco, Niger

(prehistoric introduction?), Tunisia

Emys fraseri Gray 1869c:643 (partim, nomen dubium)

Mauremys leprosa saharica Schleich 1996:29

(07:45)

Mauremys leprosa zizi Schleich 1996:29

(07:45)

Mauremys leprosa vanmeerhaeghei Bour and Maran

1999:25

(07:45)

Mauremys mutica (Cantor 1842)

Yellow Pond Turtle

China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan,

Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang),

Japan (Ryukyu Archipelago), Taiwan, Vietnam

Introduced: Japan (mainland)

IUCN: Endangered A1cd+2cd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II

M. m. mutica (Cantor 1842)

Yellow Pond Turtle

China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan,

Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang),

Taiwan, Vietnam

Emys muticus Cantor 1842:482, Emys mutica, Clem-

mys mutica, Damonia mutica, Geoclemys mutica,

Cathaiemys mutica, Mauremys mutica, Maure-

mys mutica mutica, Cathaiemys mutica mutica

Clemmys schmackeri Boettger 1894:129

Annamemys grochovskiae Dao 1957:1214, Maure-

mys grochovskiae

Mauremys iversoni Pritchard and McCord 1991:140

(07:33)

(partim, hybrid)

Clemmys guangxiensis Qin 1992:60 (partim, hybrid)

(29)

Mauremys guangxiensis

Mauremys pritchardi McCord 1997:555

(07:33)

(partim, hybrid)

M. m. kami Yasukawa, Ota, and Iverson 1996

Ryukyu Yellow Pond Turtle

Japan (Ryukyu Archipelago)

Mauremys mutica kami Yasukawa, Ota, and Iverson

1996:303, Cathaiemys mutica kami

Mauremys nigricans (Gray 1834a)

Chinese Red-necked Turtle, Red-necked Pond Turtle

China (Fujian [?], Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan [?]),

Vietnam (?)

CBFTT Account: Anders and Iverson 2012

IUCN: Endangered A1d+2d (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II

Emys nigricans Gray 1834a:53, Clemmys nigricans,

Damonia nigricans, Chinemys nigricans, Maure-

mys nigricans

Geoclemys kwangtungensis Pope 1934:1, Chinemys

kwangtungensis

Geoclemys palaeannamitica † Bourret 1941a:10

(nomen dubium) [Holocene, Neolithic, subfossil,

Vietnam], Chinemys palaeannamitica

Mauremys reevesii (Gray1831d)

(07:46)

Reeves’ Turtle, Chinese Three-keeled Pond Turtle

China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi,

Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan,

Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shangdong, Shanxi, Shaanxi,

Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Japan (prehistoric

introduction?), North Korea, South Korea, Taiwan

(prehistoric introduction?)

Introduced: Indonesia (Timor), Japan, Palau, Timor-Leste

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 383

CBFTT Account: Lovich, Yasukawa, and Ota 2011

IUCN: Endangered A2bcd+4bcd (2011)

CITES: Appendix III (China)

Emys reevesii Gray 1831d:73, Clemmys (Clemmys)

reevesii, Clemmys reevesii, Geoclemys reevesii,

Damonia reevesii, Geoclemys reevesii reevesii,

Chinemys reevesii, Mauremys reevesii

Emys vulgaris picta Schlegel 1844:127

Emys japonica Duméril and Bibron in Duméril and

Duméril 1851:8 (nomen novum)

Damonia unicolor Gray 1873d:78, Clemmys

unicolor, Damonia reevesii unicolor, Geoclemys

reevesii unicolor

Geoclemys grangeri Schmidt 1925:1, Geoclemys

reevesii grangeri, Chinemys grangeri

Geoclemys paracaretta Chang 1929:1

Chinemys megalocephala Fang 1934:158, Mauremys

megalocephala

Chinemys macrocephala Bourret 1941c:140 (nomen

novum)

Chinemys pani † Tao 1985:45 [Pleistocene, Chi-Ting,

Taiwan]

Mauremys pritchardi McCord 1997:555

(07:33)

(partim,

hybrid)

Mauremys rivulata (Valenciennes in Bory de Saint-Vincent

1833)

(25)

Western Caspian Turtle, Balkan Terrapin

Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,

Cyprus, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Macedonia,

Montenegro, Palestine (West Bank), Syria, Turkey

Introduced: Latvia

IUCN: Not Evaluated

IUCN Regional (Europe): Least Concern (2004)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

Emys rivulata Valenciennes in Bory de Saint-Vincent

1833:planches, pl.9

(25)

(senior homonym), Clem-

mys caspica rivulata, Mauremys caspica rivulata,

Mauremys rivulata, Mauremys rivulata rivulata,

Emmenia rivulata

Emys tristrami Gray 1869a:190, Mauremys rivulata

tristrami

Emys caspica arabica Gray 1870c:36

Emys pannonica Gray 1870c:36

Clemmys caspica orientalis Bedriaga 1881:335

Clemmys caspica obsoleta Schreiber 1912:946

Clemmys caspica cretica Mertens 1946:115, Maure-

mys caspica cretica, Mauremys rivulata cretica

Mauremys sinensis (Gray 1834a)

(07:44)

Chinese Stripe-necked Turtle

China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangxi),

Laos, Taiwan, Vietnam

Introduced: South Korea

IUCN: Endangered A1cd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

CITES: Appendix III (China)

Emys sinensis Gray 1834a:53, Graptemys sinensis,

Clemmys sinensis, Ocadia sinensis, Ocadia

sinensis sinensis, Mauremys sinensis

Emys bennettii Gray 1844:21, Clemmys bennettii

Testudo anyangensis † Ping 1930:217 [Holocene,

Neolithic, subfossil, China (Henan)], Pseudoca-

dia anyangensis

Ocadia sinensis changwui † Tao 1988:229 [Late

Pleistocene, Taiwan]

Ocadia philippeni McCord and Iverson 1992:13

(07:33)

(partim, hybrid)

Ocadia glyphistoma McCord and Iverson 1994:53

(07:33)

(partim, hybrid)

____Melanochelys Gray 1869a

Melanochelys Gray 1869a:187

Chaibassia Theobald 1876:6

Melanochelys tricarinata (Blyth 1856)

Tricarinate Hill Turtle, Three-keeled Land Turtle

Bangladesh, Bhutan, India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam,

Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Nepal

CBFTT Account: Das 2009

IUCN: Vulnerable B1+2c (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix I

Geomyda tricarinata Blyth 1856:714, Geoemyda

tricarinata, Chaibassia tricarinata, Nicoria

tricarinata, Melanochleys tricarinata

Chaibassia theobaldi Anderson 1879:718

384 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Nicoria tricarinata sivalensis † Lydekker 1889:100

[Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene, Siwaliks,

India (Punjab)], Nicoria sivalensis

Melanochelys trijuga (Schweigger 1812)

Indian Black Turtle

Bangladesh, China (?) (Yunnan), India (Andhra Pradesh,

Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maha-

rashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tamil Nadu, Uttar

Pradesh, West Bengal), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan

(?), Sri Lanka

Introduced: British Indian Ocean Territory (Chagos

Archipelago), Maldives

CBFTT Account: Das and Bhupathy 2009b

IUCN: Near Threatened (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Near Threatened

CITES: Appendix II

M. t. trijuga (Schweigger 1812)

Indian Black Turtle

India (Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharash-

tra, Tamil Nadu), Pakistan (?)

Emys trijuga Schweigger 1812:310, Clemmys (Clem-

mys) trijuga, Clemmys trijuga, Melanochelys tri-

juga, Nicoria trijuga, Geoemyda trijuga trijuga,

Melanochelys trijuga trijuga

Emys belangeri Lesson 1831b:291

Emys trijuga maderaspatana Anderson 1879:729

Geoemyda trijuga plumbea Annandale 1915a:192

M. t. coronata (Anderson 1879)

Cochin Black Turtle

India (Kerala)

Emys trijuga coronata Anderson 1879:729, Nicoria

trijuga coronata, Geoemyda nicoria coronata,

Melanochelys trijuga coronata

M. t. edeniana Theobald 1876

(07:47)

Burmese Black Turtle

China (?) (Yunnan), Myanmar

Melanochelys edeniana Theobald 1876:12, Nicoria

trijuga edeniana, Geoemyda trijuga edeniana,

Melanochelys trijuga edeniana, Emys trijuga

edeniana, Melanochelys edeniana edeniana

Emys trijuga burmana Anderson 1879:723

Geoemyda trijuga wiroti Reimann in Nutaphand

1979:177, Melanochelys trijuga wiroti, Mela-

nochelys edeniana wiroti

M. t. indopeninsularis (Annandale 1913)

Bengal Black Turtle

Bangladesh, India (Assam, Bihar, Meghalaya,

Mizoram, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Nepal

Clemmys sivalensis † Lydekker 1885:170 (nomen

dubium) [Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene,

Siwaliks, India (Punjab)], Bellia sivalensis

Clemmys hydraspica † Lydekker 1885:172 (nomen

dubium) [Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene,

Siwaliks, India (Punjab)]

Clemmys theobaldi † Lydekker 1885:173 (nomen

dubium) [Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene,

Siwaliks, India (Punjab)], Bellia theobaldi

Clemmys punjabiensis † Lydekker 1885:175 (nomen

dubium) [Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene,

Siwaliks, India (Punjab)]

Geoemyda indopeninsularis Annandale 1913:71,

Geoemyda trijuga indopeninsularis, Melano-

chelys trijuga indopeninsularis, Melanochelys

edeniana indopeninsularis

M. t. parkeri Deraniyagala 1939

Parker’s Black Turtle

Sri Lanka

Melanochelys trijuga parkeri Deraniyagala 1939:269,

Geoemyda trijuga parkeri

M. t. thermalis (Lesson 1830)

Sri Lanka Black Turtle

India (Tamil Nadu), Sri Lanka

Emys thermalis Lesson 1830:86, Clemmys thermalis,

Nicoria trijuga thermalis, Geoemyda trijuga ther-

malis, Melanochelys trijuga thermalis

Emys sebae Gray 1831d:75, Geoclemys sebae, Mela-

nochelys sebae, Emys trijuga sebae

____Morenia Gray 1870c

Morenia Gray 1870c:62

Morenia ocellata (Duméril and Bibron 1835)

Burmese Eyed Turtle

China (?) (Yunnan), Myanmar

CBFTT Account: Das 2010

IUCN: Vulnerable A1cd+2cd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix I

Emys ocellata Duméril and Bibron 1835:329,

Batagur (Kachuga) ocellata, Batagur ocellata,

Clemmys ocellata, Morenia ocellata

Emys berdmorei Blyth 1859:281, Batagur berdmorei,

Kachuga berdmorei, Morenia berdmorei

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 385

Morenia petersi Anderson 1879

Indian Eyed Turtle

Bangladesh, India (Assam, Bihar, Uttarakhand, Uttar

Pradesh, West Bengal), Nepal

CBFTT Account: Das and Sengupta 2010

IUCN: Vulnerable A1cd+2d (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix II

Batagur (Morenia) petersi Anderson 1879:761,

Batagur petersi, Morenia petersi

____Notochelys Gray 1863e

Notochelys Gray 1863e:177 (senior homonym)

Notochelys platynota (Gray 1834a)

Malayan Flat-shelled Turtle

Brunei, Indonesia (Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra), Malaysia

(East, West), Singapore, Thailand

IUCN: Vulnerable A1cd+2cd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix II

Emys platynota Gray 1834a:54, Cyclemys platynota,

Notochelys platynota

Cistudo bankanensis Bleeker in Gray 1864a:12

Cyclemys giebelii Hubrecht 1881:45

____Orlitia Gray 1873b

Orlitia Gray 1873b:156

Heteroclemmys Peters 1875:622

Brookeia Bartlett 1896:113

Adelochelys Baur 1896:314

Liemys Boulenger 1897a:468

Orlitia borneensis Gray 1873b

(12:27)

Malaysian Giant Turtle

Brunei (?), Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra), Malaysia

(East, West)

IUCN: Endangered A1d+2d (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II

Cistudo borneënsis Bleeker 1857a:473 (nomen

nudum)

Cistudo borneensis Bleeker in Gray 1864a:13 (no-

men nudum et novum)

Orlitia borneensis Gray 1873b:157, Bellia borneen-

sis, Cistudo borneensis

Clemmys (Heteroclemmys) gibbera Peters 1875:622

Hardella baileyi Bartlett 1895b:83, Brookeia baileyi

Adelochelys crassa Baur 1896:319

Liemys inornata Boulenger 1897a:469

Batagur signatus † Jaekel 1911:77 [Pleistocene,

Pithecanthropus Trinil Beds, Indonesia (Java)]

____Pangshura Gray 1856b

(07:48)

Pangshura Gray 1856b:36

Cuchoa Gray 1870c:61

Emia Gray 1870c:61

Jerdonella Gray 1870c:61

Pangshura smithii (Gray 1863g)

Brown Roofed Turtle

Bangladesh, India (Assam, Bihar, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh),

Nepal, Pakistan

IUCN: Near Threatened (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern or Near Threatened

CITES: Appendix II, as Pangshura spp.

P. s. smithii (Gray 1863g)

Brown Roofed Turtle

Bangladesh, India (Assam, Bihar, Punjab, Uttar

Pradesh), Pakistan

386 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Batagur smithii Gray 1863g:253, Pangshura smithii,

Clemmys smithii, Emia smithii, Kachuga smithii,

Kachuga smithii smithii, Pangshura smithii

smithii

P. s. pallidipes (Moll 1987)

Pale-footed Roofed Turtle

India (Bihar, Uttar Pradesh), Nepal

Kachuga smithii pallidipes Moll 1987:8, Pangshura

smithii pallidipes

Pangshura sylhetensis Jerdon 1870

Assam Roofed Turtle

Bangladesh, India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Megha-

laya, Mizoram, Nagaland)

CBFTT Account: Das, Sengupta, and Praschag 2010

IUCN: Endangered B1+2c (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Pangshura spp.

Pangshura sylhetensis Jerdon 1870:69, Jerdonella

sylhetensis, Kachuga sylhetensis

Pangshura tecta (Gray 1830b)

Indian Roofed Turtle

Bangladesh, India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar,

Gujarat, Jammu, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Punjab,

Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Nepal, Pakistan

IUCN: Least Concern (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Near Threatened

CITES: Appendix I

Emys tectum Gray 1830b:pl.72, Emys tecta, Clem-

mys (Clemmys) tecta, Clemmys tecta, Batagur

(Pangshura) tecta, Batagur tecta, Clemmys

tectum, Pangshura tecta, Pangshura tectum, Ka-

chuga tectum, Kachuga tectum tectum, Kachuga

tecta, Kachuga tecta tecta

Testudo dura Hamilton in Gray 1831d:23 (nomen

nudum)

Testudo katuya Hamilton in Gray 1831d:23 (nomen

nudum)

Testudo khagraskata Hamilton in Gray 1831d:23

(nomen nudum)

Emys trigibbosa Lesson 1831a:121

Emys namadicus † Theobald 1860:295 (nomen nu-

dum) [Tertiary, Nerbudda, India], Emys namadica

Pangshura dura Gray 1869a:205

Pangshura ventricosa Gray 1870c:56

Pangshura tentoria (Gray 1834a)

Indian Tent Turtle

Bangladesh, India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Mad-

hya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan, Uttar

Pradesh, West Bengal), Nepal

IUCN: Least Concern (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

CITES: Appendix II, as Pangshura spp.

P. t. tentoria (Gray 1834a)

(07:49)

Indian Tent Turtle

Bangladesh, India (Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh,

Maharashtra, Orissa)

Emys tentoria Gray 1834a:54, Batagur (Pangshura)

tentoria, Batagur tentoria, Clemmys tentoria,

Pangshura tentoria, Pangshura tentorium,

Cuchoa tentoria, Kachuga tectum tentoria, Ka-

chuga tecta tentoria, Kachuga tentoria tentoria,

Pangshura tentoria tentoria

Emys (Pangshura) tectum intermedia Blanford

1870:339, Kachuga intermedia, Kachuga tectum

intermedia

Pangshura leithii Gray 1870c:60

P. t. circumdata (Mertens 1969)

Pink-ringed Tent Turtle

India (Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh)

Kachuga tecta circumdata Mertens 1969a:24, Ka-

chuga tentoria circumdata, Pangshura tentoria

circumdata

P. t. aviventer Günther 1864

(07:49)

Yellow-bellied Tent Turtle

Bangladesh, India (Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Nepal

Pangshura aviventer Günther 1864:35, Kachuga

tecta aviventer, Kachuga tentoria aviventer,

Pangshura tentoria aviventer

Cuchoa aviventris Gray 1870c:61 (nomen novum)

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 387

____Sacalia Gray 1870c

Sacalia Gray 1870c:35

Sacalia bealei (Gray 1831d)

Beale’s Eyed Turtle

China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi?, Guizhou,

Hong Kong, Jiangxi)

IUCN: Endangered A1d+2d (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II

Cistuda bealei Gray 1831d:71, Emys (Pyxidemys)

bealei, Emys bealei, Clemmys bealei, Cistudo

bealei, Sacalia bealei, Mauremys bealei, Sacalia

bealei bealei

Emys bealii Gray 1834a:54 (nomen novum), Clem-

mys bealii, Sacalia bealii, Cistudo bealii, Clem-

mys bealii bealii

Sacalia quadriocellata (Siebenrock 1903a)

(08:24)

Four-eyed Turtle

China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan), Laos, Vietnam

IUCN: Endangered A1d+2d (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

CITES: Appendix II

Clemmys bealii quadriocellata Siebenrock

1903a:336 (senior homonym), Clemmys quadrio-

cellata, Clemmys quadriocellata, Clemmys bealei

quadriocellata, Sacalia quadriocellata, Sacalia

bealei quadriocellata, Sacalia quadriocellata

quadriocellata

Clemmys bealii quadriocellata Li 1958:234 (junior

homonym)

Clemmys beali insulensis Adler 1962:135 (nomen

novum)

(08:24)

Sacalia pseudocellata Iverson and McCord

1992a:426

(07:33)

(partim, hybrid)

Sacalia quadriocellata insularis Artner 2003:xviii

(nomen novum)

____Siebenrockiella Lindholm 1929

Bellia Gray 1869a:197 (junior homonym)

Siebenrockiella Lindholm 1929:280 (nomen novum)

Panyaenemys Diesmos, Parham, Stuart, and Brown

2005:31

Siebenrockiella crassicollis (Gray 1830e)

(10:7)

Black Marsh Turtle

Brunei (?), Cambodia, Indonesia (Java, Kalimantan,

Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia (East, West), Myanmar,

Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam

IUCN: Vulnerable A1cd+2cd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

CITES: Appendix II

Emys crassicollis Gray 1830e:8

(10:7)

, Clemmys

(Clemmys) crassicollis, Clemmys crassicollis,

Bellia crassicollis, Orlitia crassicollis, Sieben-

rockiella crassicollis

Emys nigra Blyth 1856:713 (junior homonym)

Bellia crassilabris Theobald 1876:10 (nomen novum)

Pangshura cochinchinensis Tirant 1884:159, Ka-

chuga cochinchinensis

Siebenrockiella leytensis (Taylor 1920)

(07:50)

Palawan Forest Turtle, Philippine Forest Turtle

Philippines (Palawan [not Leyte])

CBFTT Account: Diesmos, Buskirk, Schoppe, Dies-

mos, Sy, and Brown 2012

IUCN: Critically Endangered A2d, B1+2c (2000)

CITES: Appendix II

Heosemys leytensis Taylor 1920:131, Geoemyda

leytensis, Siebenrockiella leytensis

____Vijayachelys Praschag, Schmidt, Fritzsch, Müller, Gemel, and

Fritz 2006

(07:51)

Vijayachelys Praschag, Schmidt, Fritzsch, Müller,

Gemel, and Fritz 2006:151

388 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Vijayachelys silvatica (Henderson 1912)

Cochin Forest Cane Turtle

India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu)

IUCN: Endangered B1+2c (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

CITES: Appendix II

Geoemyda silvatica Henderson 1912:217, Heosemys

silvatica, Vijayachelys silvatica

___rhinoclemmyDinae Gray 1873j

(12:21)

Rhinoclemmyina Gray 1873j:27

Rhinoclemminae Le and McCord 2008:763

Rhinoclemmydinae Turtle Taxonomy Working Group 2012:274

____Rhinoclemmys Fitzinger 1835

(09:20, 12:21) (31)

Chemelys Ranesque 1815:75 (nomen nudum)

Chemelys Ranesque 1832:64 (nomen suppressum,

ICZN 1985a)

Rhinoclemmys Fitzinger 1835:115 (nomen conser-

vandum, ICZN 1985a)

Callopsis Gray 1863c:183

Rhinoclemmys annulata (Gray 1860b)

Brown Wood Turtle

Colombia (Antioquia, Cauca, Chocó, Córdoba, Nariño,

Valle del Cauca), Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras,

Nicaragua, Panama

IUCN: Near Threatened (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Deficient (South America regional)

Geoclemmys annulata Gray 1860b:231, Clemmys

annulata, Rhinoclemys (Callopsis) annulata,

Chelopus annulatus, Rhinoclemmys annulata,

Nicoria annulata, Geoemyda annulata, Callopsis

annulata

Chelopus gabbii Cope 1876:153, Emys gabbii,

Nicoria gabbii, Geoemyda gabbii, Rhinoclemmys

gabbii

Rhinoclemmys areolata (Duméril and Bibron in Duméril and

Duméril 1851)

Furrowed Wood Turtle

Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Campeche,

Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatán)

CBFTT Account: Vogt, Platt, and Rainwater 2009

IUCN: Near Threatened (2007)

Emys areolata Duméril and Bibron in Duméril and

Duméril 1851:10, Malaclemmys concentrica

areolata, Clemmys areolata, Malaclemys con-

centrica areolata, Chelopus areolatus, Nicoria

punctularia areolata, Geoemyda punctularia

areolata, Geoemyda areolata, Rhinoclemmys

areolata, Callopsis areolata

Rhinoclemmys diademata (Mertens 1954)

Maracaibo Wood Turtle

Colombia (Norte de Santander), Venezuela (Mérida,

Táchira, Trujillo, Zulia)

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

Geoemyda punctularia diademata Mertens 1954:4,

Callopsis punctularia diademata, Rhinoclem-

mys punctularia diademata, Rhinoclemmys

diademata

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 389

Rhinoclemmys funerea (Cope 1876)

Black Wood Turtle

Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama

IUCN: Near Threatened (1996)

Chelopus funereus Cope 1876:154, Emys funerea,

Geoemyda funerea, Geoemyda punctularia fune-

rea, Rhinoclemmys funerea, Callopsis funerea

Geoemyda costaricensis Kanberg 1930:162

Rhinoclemmys melanosterna (Gray 1861b)

(31)

Colombian Wood Turtle

Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Boyacá, Cal-

das, Cauca, Cesar, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca,

La Guajira, Magdalena, Nariño, Santander, Sucre,

Valle del Cauca), Ecuador, Panama

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

Geoclemmys melanosterna Gray 1861b:205, Clem-

mys melanosterna, Rhinoclemmys melanosterna,

Nicoria punctularia melanosternum, Geo-

emyda punctularia melanosternum, Geoemyda

punctularia melanosterna, Callopsis punctu-

laria melanosterna, Rhinoclemmys punctularia

melanosterna

Rhinoclemmys nasuta (Boulenger 1902a)

Large-nosed Wood Turtle

Colombia (Cauca, Chocó, Nariño, Valle del Cauca),

Ecuador

CBFTT Account: Carr and Giraldo 2009

IUCN: Near Threatened (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Near Threatened

Nicoria nasuta Boulenger 1902a:53, Geoemyda

nasuta, Geoemyda punctularia nasuta, Callopsis

punctularia nasuta, Rhinoclemmys punctularia

nasuta, Callopsis nasuta, Rhinoclemmys nasuta

Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima (Gray 1856b)

Painted Wood Turtle

Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico

(Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Nayarit, Oaxaca,

Sinaloa, Sonora), Nicaragua

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

R. p. pulcherrima (Gray 1856b)

Guerrero Wood Turtle

Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca)

Emys pulcherrimus Gray 1856b:25, Clemmys

pulcherrima, Callichelys pulcherrima, Emys pul-

cherrima, Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima, Chelopus

pulcherrima, Pseudemys pulcherrima, Chelopus

pulcherrimus, Nicoria punctularia pulcherrima,

Geoemyda punctularia pulcherrima, Geoemyda

pulcherrima pulcherrima, Rhinoclemmys pul-

cherrima pulcherrima, Callopsis pulcherrima

pulcherrima

R. p. incisa (Bocourt 1868)

Incised Wood Turtle

El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Mexico

(Chiapas, Oaxaca)

Emys incisa Bocourt 1868:121, Chelopus incisa,

Chelopus incisus, Glyptemys incisa, Nicoria

390 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

punctularia incisa, Clemmys incisa, Chrysemys

incisa, Geoemyda punctularia incisa, Rhinoc-

lemmys incisa, Geoemyda pulcherrima incisa,

Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima incisa, Callopsis

pulcherrima incisa

Rhinoclemmys frontalis Gray 1873a:144

Rhinoclemmys bocourtii Gray 1873e:111

R. p. manni (Dunn 1930)

Central American Wood Turtle

Costa Rica, Nicaragua

Geoemyda manni Dunn 1930:33, Geoemyda pul-

cherrima manni, Geoemyda punctularia manni,

Callopsis pulcherrima manni, Rhinoclemmys

pulcherrima manni

R. p. rogerbarbouri (Ernst 1978)

Western Mexican Wood Turtle

Mexico (Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora)

Callopsis pulcherrima rogerbarbouri Ernst 1978:127,

Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima rogerbarbouri

Rhinoclemmys punctularia (Daudin 1801)

(08:12, 09:28)

Spot-legged Turtle

Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), French

Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago,

Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro,

Monagas)

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

R. p. punctularia (Daudin 1801)

(08:12, 09:28)

Eastern Spot-legged Turtle

Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), French

Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad, Venezuela

(Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Monagas)

Testudo scabra Linnaeus 1758:198 (nomen oblitum

and senior homonym)

(08:12)

, Emys scabra, Cal-

lopsis scabra, Rhinoclemmys scabra

Testudo verrucosa Walbaum 1782:116 (unavailable

name)

Testudo verrucosa Suckow 1798:40 (junior hom-

onym), Chemelys verrucosa

Testudo punctularia Daudin 1801:249 (nomen

conservandum, ICZN 1963), Emys punctularia,

Chersine punctularia, Clemmys (Clemmys)

punctularia, Clemmys punctularia, Chelopus

punctularius, Nicoria punctularia, Geoemyda

punctularia, Geoemyda punctularia punctularia,

Rhinoclemmys punctularia, Rhinoclemmys

punctularia punctularia, Callopsis punctularia

punctularia

Testudo dorsata Schoepff 1801:136 (nomen sup-

pressum, ICZN 1963), Emys dorsata, Clemmys

dorsata

Emys dorsualis Spix 1824:11

Rhinoclemys bellii Gray 1863c:183, Rhinoclemmys

bellii, Rhinoclemmys scabra bellii

Geoclemys callocephalus Gray 1863h:254, Clem-

mys callocephala, Geoclemmys callocephala,

Geoclemmys callocephalus, Rhinoclemmys cal-

locephala, Rhinoclemys callocephala

Rhinoclemmys lunata Gray 1873a:144, Geoemyda

punctularia lunata, Callopsis punctularia lunata,

Rhinoclemys lunata, Rhinoclemmys punctularia

lunata

Rhinoclemmys ventricosa Gray 1873a:145, Rhinocle-

mys ventricosa

R. p. ammigera Paolillo 1985

(08:25, 09:28)

Upper Orinoco Spot-legged Turtle

Venezuela (Amazonas)

Rhinoclemmys punctularia ammigera Paolillo

1985:294, Rhinoclemmys ammigera

Rhinoclemmys rubida (Cope 1870a)

Mexican Spotted Wood Turtle

Guatemala (?), Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Jalisco, Mi-

choacán, Oaxaca)

IUCN: Near Threatened (2007)

R. r. rubida (Cope 1870a)

Oaxaca Wood Turtle

Guatemala (?), Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca)

Chelopus rubidus Cope 1870a:148, Geoclemmys

rubida, Emys rubida, Nicoria rubida, Clemmys

rubida, Geoemyda rubida, Geoemyda rubida

rubida, Rhinoclemmys rubida, Rhinoclemmys

rubida rubida, Callopsis rubida, Callopsis rubida

rubida, Chelopus rubidus rubidus

Rhinoclemmys mexicana Gray 1870b:659, Chelopus

mexicana, Chelopus mexicanus, Emys mexicana

R. r. perixantha (Mosimann and Rabb 1953)

Colima Wood Turtle

Mexico (Colima, Jalisco, Michoacán)

Geoemyda rubida perixantha Mosimann and Rabb

1953:1, Rhinoclemmys rubida perixantha,

Callopsis rubida perixantha, Chelopus rubidus

perixanthus

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 391

__TesTuDiniDae Batsch 1788

Testudines Batsch 1788:437

Testudia Ranesque 1814:66

Tortudines Schmid 1819:10

Testudinidae Gray 1825:210

Tylopodae Wagler 1828:861

Dysmydae Ritgen 1828:270

Tylopodes Burmeister 1837:732

Baenodactyli Mayer 1849:198

____Aldabrachelys Loveridge and Williams 1957

(07:52,53, 08:13, 09:29,30,

12:28) (32)

Megalochelys Fitzinger 1843:29 (junior homonym)

Aldabrachelys Loveridge and Williams 1957:166

Dipsochelys Bour 1982:117

Aldabrachelys gigantea (Schweigger 1812)

(07:54,55, 08:13, 09:29,30,

11:10, 12:28) (32)

Aldabra Giant Tortoise

Seychelles (Aldabra, Granitic Islands)

IUCN: Vulnerable D2 (1996)

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

A. g. gigantea (Schweigger 1812)

(07:54, 08:13, 09:29,30, 11:10)

Aldabra Giant Tortoise

Seychelles (Aldabra)

Introduced: Mauritius (Aigrettes, Rodrigues, Round),

Seychelles (Assomption, Alphonse, Astove, Cerf,

Cosmolédo, Cousin, Cousine, Curieuse, D’Arros,

Desroches, Farquhar, Frégate, Grande Soeur, Moy-

enne, North, Rémire, Silhouette), Tanzania (Zanzibar

[Changuu])

Testudo gigantea Schweigger 1812:327

(08:13, 09:29) (32)

(partim, misidentied type) (nomen conservan-

dum, ICZN 2013b), Geochelone (Chelonoidis)

gigantea, Geochelone gigantea, Testudo gigantea

gigantea, Geochelone gigantea gigantea,

Aldabrachelys gigantea, Megalochelys gigantea,

Megalochelys gigantea gigantea, Dipsochelys

gigantea, Aldabrachelys gigantea gigantea,

Dipsochelys giganteus

Testudo dussumieri Schlegel in Gray 1830e:3 (nomen

nudum)

Testudo dussumieri Gray 1831d:9

(09:29) (32)

(nomen

suppressum, ICZN 2013b), Dipsochelys dussumi-

eri, Geochelone dussumieri, Aldabrachelys

dussumieri, Dipsochelys dussumieri dussumieri

Testudo elephantina Duméril and Bibron 1835:110,

Testudo gigantea elephantina, Geochelone ele-

phantina, Geochelone gigantea elephantina, Dip-

sochelys elephantina, Aldabrachelys elephantina,

Dipsochelys elephantina elephantina

Testudo ponderosa Günther 1877:35, Aldabrachelys

ponderosa

Testudo sumeirei Sauzier 1892:396, Geochelone

sumeirei, Dipsochelys sumeirei, Megalochelys

sumeirei, Dipsochelys elephantina sumeirei,

Aldabrachelys sumeirei, Dipsochelys dussumieri

sumeirei

Testudo gouffei Rothschild 1906:753, Geochelone

gouffei, Geochelone (Aldabrachelys) gigantea

gouffei, Geochelone gigantea gouffei, Megalo-

chelys gouffei, Aldabrachelys gouffei

A. g. arnoldi (Bour 1982)

(07:54, 09:30, 11:10)

Arnold’s Giant Tortoise

Seychelles (Mahé?, North? [all extirpated])

Introduced: Seychelles (North, Cousine, Frégate,

Silhouette)

CBFTT Account: Gerlach 2009

Dipsochelys arnoldi Bour 1982:118, Testudo arnoldi,

Aldabrachelys arnoldi, Aldabrachelys gigantea

arnoldi, Dipsochelys dussumieri arnoldi

A. g. daudinii (Duméril and Bibron 1835)

(09:30)

(Extinct, ca. 1850)

Daudin’s Giant Tortoise

Seychelles (Mahé? [extinct])

Testudo daudinii Duméril and Bibron 1835:123,

Testudo gigantea daudinii, Geochelone gigantea

daudinii, Dipsochelys daudinii, Geochelone

daudinii, Aldabrachelys daudinii, Aldabrach-

elys gigantea daudinii, Dipsochelys dussumieri

daudinii

A. g. hololissa (Günther 1877)

(09:30, 11:10)

Seychelles Giant Tortoise

Seychelles (Cerf?, Cousine?, Frégate?, Mahé?,

Praslin?, Round?, Silhouette? [all extirpated])

Introduced: Seychelles (Cerf, Cousine, Round)

CBFTT Account: Gerlach 2011

Testudo hololissa Günther 1877:39, Dipsochelys

hololissa, Geochelone hololissa, Aldabrachelys

hololissa, Aldabrachelys gigantea hololissa,

Dipsochelys dussumieri hololissa

Dipsochelys resurrecta Gerlach and Canning

1996:133 (nomen nudum)

392 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

____Astrochelys Gray 1873i

(07:52)

Astrochelys Gray 1873i:4

Asterochelys Gray 1874:724 (nomen novum)

Angonoka Le, Raxworthy, McCord, and Mertz

2006:528

(09:31)

Astrochelys radiata (Shaw 1802)

Radiated Tortoise, Sokake

Madagascar

Introduced: Mauritius (Rodrigues, Round), Réunion

IUCN: Critically Endangered A4d, E (2008)

CITES: Appendix I

Testudo coui Daudin 1801:271 (nomen oblitum)

Testudo radiata Shaw 1802:22, Psammobates

radiatus, Asterochelys radiata, Testudo radiata

radiata, Geochelone radiata, Astrochelys radiata

Testudo madagascariensis Duméril and Bibron

1835:83 (nomen nudum)

Testudo desertorum Grandidier 1869:257

Testudo hypselonota Bourret 1941b:9

Astrochelys yniphora (Vaillant 1885)

(07:56, 09:31)

Ploughshare Tortoise, Angonoka

Madagascar

IUCN: Critically Endangered A4ad, B2ab(v), C1, E

(2008)

CITES: Appendix I

Testudo yniphora Vaillant 1885:440, Testudo radiata

yniphora, Asterochelys yniphora, Geochelone

yniphora, Geochelone (Asterochelys) yniphora,

Astrochelys yniphora, Angonoka yniphora

Testudo hyniphora Vaillant and Grandidier 1910:40

(nomen novum)

____Centrochelys Gray 1872c

(07:52)

Centrochelys Gray 1872c:5

Centrochelys sulcata (Miller 1779)

(12:29)

African Spurred Tortoise

Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African

Republic, Chad, Djibouti (?), Eritrea, Ethiopia, Mali,

Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia (?), Senegal,

Somalia (?), Sudan, Togo, Yemen (?)

IUCN: Vulnerable A1cd (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2013: Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Testudo sulcata Miller 1779:pl.26, Geochelone (Geo-

chelone) sulcata, Geochelone sulcata, Peltastes

sulcatus, Centrochelys sulcatus, Centrochelys

sulcata

Testudo calcarata Schneider 1784:317 (nomen

novum), Chersine calcarata

Testudo radiata senegalensis Gray 1831d:11,

Geochelone senegalensis, Geochelone sulcata

senegalensis

Geochelone sulcata sudanensis Ballasina, Vandepitte,

Mochi, and Fenwick 2006:111 (nomen nudum)

____Chelonoidis Fitzinger 1835

(07:52)

Chelonoidis Fitzinger 1835:112

Gopher Gray 1870d:706

Elephantopus Gray 1874:724 (junior homonym)

Pampatestudo Lindholm 1929:285 (nomen novum)

Monachelys Williams 1952:547

Darwintestudo Antenbrink-Vetter and Vetter 1998:4

Chelonoidis carbonaria (Spix 1824)

(10:19) (33)

Red-footed Tortoise

Argentina (Chaco, Formosa, Salta), Bolivia (Beni, Co-

chabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz), Brazil (Ala-

goas, Amazonas, Bahia, Maranhão, Mato Grosso,

Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 393

de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, Sergipe), Colombia

(Antioquia, Arauca, Atlántico, Bolívar, Boyacá,

Caldas, Caquetá, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Chocó,

Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Guainía, La Guajira, Mag-

dalena, Meta, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Vichada),

French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru

(San Martín), Suriname, Venezuela (Apure, Barinas,

Bolívar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Falcón, Guárico,

Mérida, Miranda, Portuguesa, Sucre, Yaracuy, Zulia)

Introduced (modern or prehistoric?): Anguilla, Antigua

and Barbuda, Barbados, British Virgin Islands,

Colombia (Providencia, San Andrés), Dominica,

Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat,

Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua (Maíz Grande), Saint

Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the

Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, US Virgin Islands

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Testudo carbonaria Spix 1824:22, Testudo tabulata

carbonaria, Geochelone carbonaria, Chelonoidis

carbonaria, Geochelone carbonaria carbonaria,

Chelonoidis carbonaria carbonaria

Testudo hercules truncata Gray 1830e:3

(10:7,20)

Testudo boiei Wagler 1830a:[unpaginated], pl.XIII

(33)

Geochelone (Chelonoidis) boiei, Geochelone

boiei, Chelonoidis boiei

Chelonoidis chilensis (Gray 1870a)

(07:57, 10:21, 12:30)

Chaco Tortoise, Pampas Tortoise

Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Córdoba,

Formosa, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Rio Negro,

Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Fe, Santiago del

Estero, Tucumán), Bolivia (Santa Cruz, Tarija),

Paraguay

IUCN: Vulnerable A1cd (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Testudo (Gopher) chilensis Gray 1870a:190, Testudo

chilensis, Geochelone chilensis, Geochelone

chilensis chilensis, Chelonoidis chilensis, Chelo-

noidis chilensis chilensis

Testudo argentina Sclater 1870:471 (nomen novum)

Geochelone donosobarrosi Freiberg 1973:83

(12:30)

Geochelone chilensis donosobarrosi, Chelo-

noidis chilensis donosobarrosi, Chelonoidis

donosobarrosi

Geochelone petersi Freiberg 1973:86

(12:30)

, Che-

lonoidis chilensis petersi, Chelonoidis petersi,

Geochelone chilensis petersi

Chelonoidis denticulata (Linnaeus 1766)

(10:19)

Yellow-footed Tortoise

Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz), Brazil (Acre,

Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás,

Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará,

Rio de Janeiro, Roraima), Colombia (Amazonas,

Arauca, Caquetá, Casanare, Guainía, Guaviare,

Meta, Putumayo, Vaupés, Vichada), Ecuador, French

Guiana, Guyana, Peru (Cusco, Loreto, Madre de

Dios, Pasco, Ucayali), Suriname, Trinidad, Venezuela

(Amazonas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Monagas)

Introduced: Guadeloupe

IUCN: Vulnerable A1cd+2cd (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Near Threatened

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Testudo denticulata Linnaeus 1766:352 (senior

homonym), Chersine denticulata, Geochelone

(Geochelone) denticulata, Geochelone denticu-

lata, Chelonoidis denticulata

Testudo tabulata Walbaum 1782:122 (unavailable

name)

Testudo tessellata Schneider 1792:262, Chersine

tessellata

Testudo tabulata Schoepff 1793:56, Chersine

tabulata, Geochelone (Chelonoidis) tabulata,

Geochelone tabulata, Chelonoidis tabulata

Testudo gigantea Schweigger 1812:327

(08:13, 09:29)

(partim, misidentied type)

Testudo terrestris americana Schweigger 1812:445

Testudo terrestris cayennensis Schweigger 1812:445

(nomen dubium)

Testudo terrestris surinamensis Schweigger 1812:445

Testudo hercules Spix 1824:20

Testudo sculpta Spix 1824:21

Testudo cagado Spix 1824:23

Testudo planata Gmelin in Gray 1831d:9 (nomen

nudum)

Testudo foveolata Schinz 1833:40 (nomen nudum)

394 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

______Chelonoidis nigra species complex

(09:32, 12:31)

Galapagos Giant Tortoises

Chelonoidis nigra (Quoy and Gaimard 1824)

(07:58, 09:33, 12:31)

(Extinct, ca. 1850)

Floreana Giant Tortoise, Charles Island Giant Tortoise

Ecuador (Galápagos: Floreana [Charles] [extinct])

IUCN: Extinct (1996), as Chelonoidis nigra nigra

TFTSG Draft 2012: Extinct

CITES: Appendix I

Testudo californiana Quoy and Gaimard 1824a:90

(nomen oblitum)

Testudo nigra Quoy and Gaimard 1824b:174

(nomen novum), Chelonoidis nigra, Geochelone

nigra, Geochelone nigra nigra, Chelonoidis

nigra nigra, Geochelone elephantopus nigra

Testudo galapagoensis Baur 1889:1044, Testudo el-

ephantopus galapagoensis, Geochelone elephan-

topus galapagoensis, Chelonoidis galapagoensis,

Chelonoidis elephantopus galapagoensis,

Geochelone (Chelonoidis) nigra galapagoensis,

Geochelone nigra galapagoensis, Chelonoidis

nigra galapagoensis

Chelonoidis abingdonii (Günther 1877)

(09:34, 12:31)

(Extinct, 2012)

Pinta Giant Tortoise, Abingdon Island Giant Tortoise

Ecuador (Galápagos: Pinta [Abingdon] [extinct])

IUCN: Extinct in the Wild (1996), as Chelonoidis nigra

abingdoni

TFTSG Draft 2012: Extinct

CITES: Appendix I, as Chelonoidis nigra

Testudo ephippium Günther 1875:271

(partim, misidentied type)

Testudo abingdonii Günther 1877:85, Testudo el-

ephantopus abingdonii, Geochelone abingdonii,

Geochelone elephantopus abingdonii, Chelo-

noidis abingdonii, Chelonoidis elephantopus

abingdonii, Geochelone (Chelonoidis) nigra

abingdonii, Geochelone nigra abingdonii, Chelo-

noidis nigra abingdonii, Chelonoidis elephanto-

pus abingdonii

Chelonoidis becki (Rothschild 1901)

(12:31)

Volcan Wolf Giant Tortoise

Ecuador (Galápagos: Isabela [Albemarle])

IUCN: Vulnerable D1+2 (1996), as Chelonoidis nigra

becki

TFTSG Draft 2012: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix I, as Chelonoidis nigra

Testudo becki Rothschild 1901:372, Geochelone

becki, Geochelone elephantopus becki, Chelo-

noidis becki, Chelonoidis elephantopus becki,

Geochelone (Chelonoidis) nigra becki, Geoche-

lone nigra becki, Chelonoidis nigra becki

Chelonoidis chathamensis (Van Denburgh 1907)

(07:59, 12:31)

San Cristobal Giant Tortoise, Chatham Island Giant

Tortoise

Ecuador (Galápagos, San Cristóbal [Chatham])

IUCN: Vulnerable D1+2 (1996), as Chelonoidis nigra

chathamensis

TFTSG Draft 2012: Endangered

CITES: Appendix I, as Chelonoidis nigra

Testudo wallacei Rothschild 1902:619

(12:31)

(partim, nomen dubium), Testudo elephantopus

wallacei, Geochelone elephantopus wallacei,

Geochelone wallacei, Chelonoidis elephantopus

wallacei, Chelonoidis nigra wallacei, Geoche-

lone niga wallacei

Testudo chathamensis Van Denburgh 1907:4, Testudo

elephantopus chathamensis, Geochelone cha-

thamensis, Geochelone elephantopus chatha-

mensis, Chelonoidis chathamensis, Chelonoidis

elephantopus chathamensis, Geochelone (Che-

lonoidis) nigra chathamensis, Geochelone nigra

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 395

chathamensis, Chelonoidis nigra chathamensis

Chelonoidis darwini (Van Denburgh 1907)

(12:31)

Santiago Giant Tortoise, James Island Giant Tortoise

Ecuador (Galápagos: Santiago [San Salvador] [James])

IUCN: Endangered C2a (1996), as Chelonoidis nigra

darwini

TFTSG Draft 2012: Endangered

CITES: Appendix I, as Chelonoidis nigra

Testudo wallacei Rothschild 1902:619

(12:31)

(partim, nomen dubium), Testudo elephantopus

wallacei, Geochelone elephantopus wallacei,

Geochelone wallacei, Chelonoidis elephantopus

wallacei, Chelonoidis nigra wallacei, Geoche-

lone niga wallacei

Testudo darwini Van Denburgh 1907:4, Testudo

elephantopus darwini, Geochelone darwini,

Geochelone elephantopus darwini, Chelonoidis

darwini, Chelonoidis elephantopus darwini, Geo-

chelone (Chelonoidis) nigra darwini, Geochelone

nigra darwini, Chelonoidis nigra darwini

Chelonoidis duncanensis (Garman in Pritchard 1996)

(07:60, 12:31)

Pinzon Giant Tortoise, Duncan Island Giant Tortoise

Ecuador (Galápagos: Pinzón [Duncan])

IUCN: Extinct in the Wild (1996), as Chelonoidis nigra

duncanensis

TFTSG Draft 2012: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix I, as Chelonoidis nigra

Testudo ephippium Günther 1875:271

(partim, misidentied type), Testudo elephan-

topus ephippium, Geochelone elephantopus

ephippium, Geochelone ephippium, Chelonoidis

ephippium, Chelonoidis nigra ephippium, Che-

lonoidis elephantopus ephippium, Geochelone

(Chelonoidis) nigra ephippium, Geochelone

nigra ephippium

Testudo duncanensis Garman 1917:269 (nomen

nudum)

Geochelone nigra duncanensis Garman in Pritchard

1996:47, Chelonoidis nigra duncanensis, Chelo-

noidis duncanensis

Chelonoidis hoodensis (Van Denburgh 1907)

(12:31)

Espanola Giant Tortoise, Hood Island Giant Tortoise

Ecuador (Galápagos: Española [Hood])

IUCN: Critically Endangered D (1996), as Chelonoidis

nigra hoodensis

TFTSG Draft 2012: Endangered

CITES: Appendix I, as Chelonoidis nigra

Testudo hoodensis Van Denburgh 1907:3, Testudo el-

ephantopus hoodensis, Geochelone elephantopus

hoodensis, Geochelone hoodensis, Chelonoidis

hoodensis, Chelonoidis elephantopus hoodensis,

Geochelone (Chelonoidis) nigra hoodensis,

Geochelone nigra hoodensis, Chelonoidis nigra

hoodensis

Chelonoidis phantastica (Van Denburgh 1907)

(07:62, 12:31)

(Extinct, ca. 1970)

Fernandina Giant Tortoise, Narborough Island Giant

Tortoise

Ecuador (Galápagos: Fernandina [Narborough] [extinct])

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Extinct

CITES: Appendix I, as Chelonoidis nigra

Testudo phantasticus Van Denburgh 1907:4, Testudo

phantastica, Testudo elephantopus phantastica,

Geochelone elephantopus phantastica, Geo-

chelone phantastica, Chelonoidis phantastica,

Geochelone phantasticus, Chelonoidis elephan-

topus phantastica, Geochelone (Chelonoidis)

nigra phantastica, Geochelone nigra phantastica,

Chelonoidis nigra phantastica

396 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Chelonoidis porteri (Rothschild 1903)

(07:63, 09:35, 12:31)

Santa Cruz Giant Tortoise, Indefatigable Island Giant

Tortoise

Ecuador (Galápagos: Santa Cruz [Indefatigable])

IUCN: Endangered C2a (1996), as Chelonoidis nigra

porteri

TFTSG Draft 2012: Endangered

CITES: Appendix I, as Chelonoidis nigra

Testudo nigrita Duméril and Bibron 1835:80

(nomen dubium), Testudo elephantopus nigrita,

Geochelone nigrita, Chelonoidis nigrita, Geoche-

lone elephantopus nigrita, Chelonoidis elephan-

topus nigrita, Geochelone (Chelonoidis) nigra

nigrita, Geochelone nigra nigrita, Chelonoidis

nigra nigrita

Testudo porteri Rothschild 1903:119, Geochelone

elephantopus porteri, Geochelone porteri, Geo-

chelone nigra porteri, Chelonoidis elephantopus

porteri, Chelonoidis nigra porteri, Chelonoidis

porteri

Chelonoidis vicina (Günther 1875)

(07:64, 08:14, 09:36, 12:31)

Southern Isabela Giant Tortoise, Albemarle Island Giant

Tortoise

Ecuador (Galápagos: Isabela [Albemarle])

IUCN: Endangered C2a (1996), as Chelonoidis nigra

vicina; includes synonymized C. n. guentheri (En-

dangered C2a [1996]), C. n. microphyes (Vulnerable

D1+2 [1996]), and C. n. vandenburghi (Vulnerable

D2 [1996])

TFTSG Draft 2012: Global: Endangered; Regional

subpopulation (microphyes): Endangered; Regional

subpopulation (vandenburghi): Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix I, as Chelonoidis nigra

Testudo microphyes Günther 1875:275

(08:14)

(nomen dubium), Geochelone elephantopus

microphyes, Geochelone microphyes, Chelo-

noidis microphyes, Chelonoidis elephantopus

microphyes, Geochelone (Chelonoidis) nigra

microphyes, Geochelone nigra microphyes,

Chelonoidis nigra microphyes

Testudo vicina Günther 1875:277, Geochelone

vicina, Geochelone (Chelonoidis) nigra vicina,

Geochelone nigra vicina, Geochelone elephan-

topus vicina, Chelonoidis elephantopus vicina,

Chelonoidis nigra vicina, Chelonoidis vicina

Testudo güntheri Baur 1889:1044

(07:64, 09:36)

(invalid

name, senior homonym), Geochelone elephanto-

pus güntheri, Geochelone güntheri, Geochelone

(Chelonoidis) nigra güntheri, Geochelone nigra

güntheri, Chelonoidis elephantopus güntheri

Testudo macrophyes Garman 1917:273

Testudo vandenburghi DeSola 1930:79, Geochelone

vandenburghi, Geochelone elephantopus vanden-

burghi, Chelonoidis vandenburghi, Chelonoidis

elephantopus vandenburghi, Geochelone (Che-

lonoidis) nigra vandenburghi, Geochelone nigra

vandenburghi, Chelonoidis nigra vandenburghi

Geochelone elephantopus guntheri Baur in Pritchard

1971a:26

(07:64, 09:36)

(nomen novum, junior

homonym), Geochelone elephantopus guntheri,

Geochelone guntheri, Geochelone (Chelonoi-

dis) nigra guntheri, Geochelone nigra guntheri,

Chelonoidis elephantopus guntheri

Geochelone elephantopus guentheri Baur in

Pritchard 1971b:50

(07:64, 09:36)

(nomen novum, ju-

nior homonym), Testudo guentheri, Geochelone

guentheri, Chelonoidis guentheri, Chelonoidis

elephantopus guentheri, Chelonoidis nigra guen-

theri, Geochelone nigra guentheri

Chelonoidis, sp. indet.

Testudo elephantopus Harlan 1827:284

(09:33)

(nomen dubium), Testudo elephantopus elephan-

topus, Geochelone elephantopus, Geochelone el-

ephantopus elephantopus, Chelonoidis elephan-

topus, Chelonoidis elephantopus elephantopus,

Geochelone nigra elephantopus

Testudo planiceps Gray 1854b:12 (nomen dubium

and junior homonym), Geochelone planiceps,

Chelonoidis planiceps

Testudo clivosa Garman 1917:383 (nomen dubium),

Geochelone clivosa, Chelonoidis clivosa

Testudo typica Garman 1917:385 (nomen dubium),

Geochelone typica, Chelonoidis typica

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 397

____Chersina Gray 1830e

(10:7)

Chersina Gray 1830e:5

(10:7)

Goniochersus Lindholm 1929:285

Neotestudo Hewitt 1931:504

Chersina angulata (Schweigger 1812)

(09:37)

Angulate Tortoise, South African Bowsprit Tortoise

Namibia, South Africa

CBFTT Account: Hofmeyr 2009

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

SARCA Draft 2010: Least Concern

TFTSG Draft 2013: Least Concern

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Testudo angulata Schweigger 1812:321, Chersina

angulata, Neotestudo angulata, Goniochersus

angulatus, Chersine angulata

Testudo bellii Gray 1828:2

Chersina angulata pallida Gray 1831d:69

____Cylindraspis Fitzinger 1835

Chelonura Ranesque 1815:74 (nomen nudum)

Chelonura Ranesque 1832:64 (junior homonym)

Cylindraspis Fitzinger 1835:112

Cylindrapis Agassiz 1857a:360 (nomen novum)

Cylindraspis indica (Schneider 1783)

(07:65)

(Extinct, ca. 1840)

Reunion Giant Tortoise

Réunion [extinct]

IUCN: Extinct (1996)

Testudo indica Schneider 1783:355, Chelonura

indica, Cylindrapis indica, Megalochelys indica,

Geochelone indica, Cylindraspis indica

Testudo tabulata africana Schweigger 1812:322

(09:38)

Chersine retusa Merrem 1820:29 (nomen novum),

Testudo retusa

Testudo perraultii Duméril and Bibron 1835:126

(nomen novum), Geochelone (Cylindraspis)

perraultii, Testudo indica perraultii

Testudo graii Duméril and Bibron 1835:135 (nomen

novum), Geochelone graii, Cylindraspis graii

Chersina grayi Strauch 1865:36 (nomen novum),

Geochelone grayi, Geochelone (Cylindraspis) grayi

Cylindraspis borbonica Bour 1978:491

Cylindraspis inepta (Günther 1873)

(Extinct, ca. 1735)

Mauritius Giant Domed Tortoise

Mauritius (Mauritius [extinct])

IUCN: Extinct (1996)

Testudo neraudii Gray 1831d:14 (nomen oblitum)

Testudo inepta Günther 1873:397, Geochelone

inepta, Cylindraspis inepta

Testudo boutonii Günther 1875:297

Testudo sauzieri Gadow 1894:315, Geochelone

sauzieri

Cylindraspis peltastes (Duméril and Bibron 1835)

(Extinct, ca. 1795)

Rodrigues Domed Tortoise

Mauritius (Rodrigues [extinct])

IUCN: Extinct (1996)

Testudo rotunda Latreille in Sonnini and Latreille

1801:107 (partim, nomen dubium), Chersine

rotunda, Geochelone (Geochelone) rotunda

Testudo peltastes Duméril and Bibron 1835:138,

Geochelone peltastes, Geochelone (Cylindraspis)

peltastes, Cylindraspis peltastes

398 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Cylindraspis triserrata (Günther 1873)

(Extinct, ca. 1735)

Mauritius Giant Flat-shelled Tortoise

Mauritius (Mauritius [extinct])

IUCN: Extinct (1996)

Testudo schweigeri Gray 1830e:3

(10:7)

(nomen oblitum)

Testudo schweiggeri Duméril and Bibron 1835:108

(nomen novum et oblitum)

Testudo triserrata Günther 1873:397, Geochelone

triserrata, Cylindraspis triserrata

Testudo leptocnemis Günther 1875:297, Geochelone

leptocnemis, Cylindraspis leptocnemis

Testudo microtympanum Boulenger 1891:4, Geoche-

lone microtympanum

Testudo guentheri Gadow 1894:320 (senior

homonym)

Testudo güntheri Gadow in Van Denburgh 1914:257

(nomen novum, invalid name, junior homonym)

Testudo gadowi Van Denburgh 1914:257 (nomen

novum), Geochelone (Megalochelys) gadowi,

Geochelone (Cylindraspis) gadowi

Cylindraspis vosmaeri (Suckow 1798)

(07:66)

(Extinct, ca. 1795)

Rodrigues Giant Saddleback Tortoise

Mauritius (Rodrigues [extinct])

IUCN: Extinct (1996)

Testudo indica vosmaeri Suckow 1798:57, Testudo

vosmaeri, Geochelone (Cylindraspis) vosmaeri,

Geochelone vosmaeri, Cylindraspis vosmaeri

Testudo rotunda Latreille in Sonnini and Latreille

1801:107 (partim, nomen dubium), Chersine

rotunda, Geochelone (Geochelone) rotunda

Testudo rodericensis Günther 1873:397

Testudo commersoni Vaillant 1898:138, Geochelone

commersoni, Cylindraspis commersoni

____Geochelone Fitzinger 1835

(07:52)

Geochelone Fitzinger 1835:112

Geochelone elegans (Schoepff 1795)

Indian Star Tortoise

India (Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala,

Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu), Pakistan,

Sri Lanka

IUCN: Least Concern (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Testudo elegans Schoepff 1795:111, Chersine el-

egans, Geochelone elegans, Geochelone elegans

elegans

Testudo stellata Schweigger 1812:325, Geochelone

(Geochelone) stellata, Geochelone stellata,

Peltastes stellatus

Testudo actinodes Bell 1828a:419

Testudo actinoides Bell in Gray 1844:7 (nomen

novum), Peltastes stellatus actinoides

Testudo megalopus Blyth 1853:640

Geochelone platynota (Blyth 1863)

Burmese Star Tortoise

Myanmar

CBFTT Account: Platt, Thanda Swe, Win Ko Ko, Platt,

Khin Myo Myo, Rainwater, and Emmett 2011

IUCN: Critically Endangered A1cd+2cd, C2a (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix I

Testudo platynotus Blyth 1863:83, Peltastes platyno-

tus, Testudo platynota, Geochelone platynota,

Geochelone elegans platynota

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 399

____Gopherus Ranesque 1832

Gopherus Ranesque 1815:74 (nomen nudum)

Gopherus Ranesque 1832:64

Xerobates Agassiz 1857a:252

Bysmachelys Johnston 1937:439

Scaptochelys Bramble 1982:852

Gopherus agassizii (Cooper 1861)

(10:22, 11:11)

Mojave Desert Tortoise, Agassiz’s Desert Tortoise

USA (California, Nevada, Utah)

IUCN: Vulnerable A1acde+2cde, E (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Xerobates agassizii Cooper 1861:120

(10:22)

, Tes-

tudo agassizii, Gopherus agassizii, Gopherus

polyphemus agassizii, Geochelone agassizii,

Scaptochelys agassizii

Xerobates lepidocephalus Ottley and Velázquez Solis

1989:496

(11:11)

Gopherus berlandieri (Agassiz 1857a)

(34)

Texas Tortoise, Berlandier’s Tortoise

Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Tamau-

lipas), USA (Texas)

IUCN: Least Concern (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Near Threatened

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Testudo tuberculatu Berlandier 1850:287 (nomen

oblitum)

(34)

Testudo bicolor Berlandier 1850:287 (nomen obli-

tum)

(34)

Xerobates berlandieri Agassiz 1857a:392, Testudo

berlandieri, Xerobates gopher berlandieri,

Gopherus berlandieri, Gopherus polyphemus

berlandieri, Scaptochelys berlandieri

Testudo tuberculata Berlandier in True 1882:441 (no-

men novum et nudum)

(34)

Gopherus auffenbergi † Mooser 1972:61 [Late

Pleistocene, Mexico (Aguascalientes)]

Gopherus avomarginatus Legler 1959

(12:32)

Bolson Tortoise

Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango)

Introduced: USA (New Mexico)

IUCN: Vulnerable A1cd (2007)

TFTSG Draft 2011: (Critically) Endangered

CITES: Appendix I

Gopherus avomarginatus Legler 1959:337, Go-

pherus polyphemus avomarginatus, Gopherus

avomarginata

Gopherus huecoensis † Strain 1966:24 [Early Pleis-

tocene, Blancan, USA (Texas)]

Gopherus morafkai Murphy, Berry, Edwards, Leviton,

Lathrop, and Riedle 2011

(11:11)

Sonoran Desert Tortoise, Morafka’s Desert Tortoise

Mexico (Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Sonora), USA (Arizona)

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

Gopherus morafkai Murphy, Berry, Edwards,

Leviton, Lathrop, and Riedle 2011:53

(11:11)

Gopherus polyphemus (Daudin 1801)

(12:33)

Gopher Tortoise

400 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

USA (Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Mis-

sissippi, Louisiana)

IUCN: Vulnerable A1acde (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Testudo polyphaemus Bartram 1791:18 (nomen

nudum)

Testudo polyphemus Daudin 1801:256, Emys

polyphemus, Gopherus polyphemus, Xerobates

polyphemus, Gopherus polyphemus polyphemus

Testudo depressa Guérin 1829:pl.1, f.1

Testudo gopher Gray 1844:4, Xerobates gopher

Testudo atascosae † Hay 1902:383 (nomen dubium)

[Pleistocene, USA (Texas)], Gopherus atascosae

Gopherus praecedens † Hay 1916a:55 [Late Pleisto-

cene, USA (Florida)]

Gopherus, sp. indet.

Testudo australis Girard 1858:470

(12:34)

(nomen

dubium et oblitum), Gopherus australis

____Homopus Duméril and Bibron 1834

(07:67, 10:23)

Homopus Duméril and Bibron 1834:357

(10:23)

Chersobius Fitzinger 1835:112

Pseudomopus Hewitt 1931:496

Homopus areolatus (Thunberg 1787)

Parrot-beaked Tortoise, Common Padloper

South Africa

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

SARCA Draft 2010: Least Concern

TFTSG Draft 2013: Least Concern

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Testudo areolata Thunberg 1787:180, Chersine

areolata, Homopus areolatus, Homopus areolata

Testudo minuta Thunberg 1788:206 (nomen nudum)

Testudo miniata Lacepède 1788:166

(09:6)

(nomen sup-

pressum, ICZN 2005a)

Testudo fasciata Daudin 1801:294 (junior hom-

onym), Chersine fasciata

Testudo africana Hermann 1804:218

Chersine tetradactyla Merrem 1820:32

Testudo areolata pallida Gray 1831d:13

Homopus boulengeri Duerden 1906

Karoo Dwarf Tortoise, Karoo Padloper

South Africa

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

SARCA Draft 2010: Near Threatened

TFTSG Draft 2013: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Homopus boulengeri Duerden 1906:406, Pseudomo-

pus boulengeri, Chersobius boulengeri

Homopus femoralis Boulenger 1888a

Greater Dwarf Tortoise, Greater Padloper

Lesotho (?), South Africa

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

SARCA Draft 2010: Least Concern

TFTSG Draft 2013: Least Concern

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Homopus femoralis Boulenger 1888a:251, Testudo

femoralis

Homopus signatus (Gmelin 1789)

(10:24)

Speckled Tortoise, Speckled Padloper

South Africa

IUCN: Near Threatened (1996)

SARCA Draft 2010: Vulnerable

TFTSG Draft 2013: Vulnerable

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 401

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Testudo signata Walbaum 1782:120 (unavailable

name)

Testudo signata Gmelin 1789:1043, Chersine sig-

nata, Homopus signatus, Pseudomopus signatus,

Pseudomopus signatus signatus, Chersobius

signatus, Homopus signata, Homopus signatus

signatus

Testudo cafra Daudin 1801:291

(10:24)

, Homopus

signatus cafra, Homopus signatus cafer

Testudo juvencella Daudin 1802:380

(10:25)

Pseudomopus signatus peersi Hewitt 1935:345,

Homopus signatus peersi, Chersobius peersi

Homopus solus Branch 2007

(07:67)

Nama Tortoise, Nama Padloper

Namibia

IUCN: Vulnerable C2a (1996), originally listed as Homo-

pus bergeri

TFTSG Draft 2013: Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Homopus bergeri Lindholm 1906:348 (partim)

Homopus solus Branch 2007:11

____Indotestudo Lindholm 1929

Indotestudo Lindholm 1929:285

Indotestudo elongata (Blyth 1853)

Elongated Tortoise, Yellow-headed Tortoise

Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China (?) (Guangxi,

Yunnan), India (Bihar, Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh,

West Bengal), Laos, Malaysia (West), Myanmar,

Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam

IUCN: Endangered A1cd+2cd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Testudo elongata Blyth 1853:639, Peltastes elonga-

tus, Indotestudo elongata, Geochelone elongata,

Indotestudo elongata elongata, Geochelone

elongata elongata

Testudo parallelus Annandale 1913:76

Indotestudo forstenii (Schlegel and Müller 1845)

Forsten’s Tortoise, East Indian Tortoise

Indonesia (Moluccas [Halmahera, Gebe?], Sulawesi)

IUCN: Endangered A1cd+2cd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Testudo forstenii Schlegel and Müller 1845:30,

Peltastes forstenii, Geochelone forstenii,

Indotestudo forstenii, Indotestudo elongata

forstenii, Geochelone elongata forstenii

Indotestudo travancorica (Boulenger 1907)

(07:68)

Travancore Tortoise

India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu)

CBFTT Account: Deepak, Ramesh, Bhupathy, and

Vasudevan 2011

IUCN: Vulnerable A1cd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Testudo travancorica Boulenger 1907:560, Geoche-

lone travancorica, Indotestudo travancorica,

Indotestudo elongata travancorica, Geochelone

elongata travancorica

402 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

____Kinixys Bell 1827

(12:35)

Kinixys Bell 1827:398

Kinyxis Gray 1830e:6 (nomen novum)

Cinixys Wagler 1830b:138 (nomen novum)

Cinothorax Fitzinger 1835:108

Cinyxis Peters 1866:887 (nomen novum)

Kinothorax Gray 1873i:5 (nomen novum)

Madakinixys Vuillemin 1972b:169

Kinixys belliana Gray 1830e

(07:69, 08:11, 10:7, 12:35)

Bell’s Hinge-back Tortoise

Angola, Burundi, Central African Republic, Congo

(DRC), Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia,

South Sudan, Sudan, Uganda

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

SARCA Draft 2010: Least Concern (regional)

TFTSG Draft 2013: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Testudo (Kinyxis) belliana Gray 1830e:6

(10:7)

, Kinixys

belliana, Cinixys (Cinothorax) belliana, Cinixys

belliana, Cinothorax bellianus, Kinixys belliana

belliana

Kinixys schoensis Rüppell 1845:226, Kinixys belliana

schoensis

Kinixys belliana mertensi Laurent 1956:26

Kinixys erosa (Schweigger 1812)

(12:35)

Forest Hinge-back Tortoise, Serrated Hinge-back Tortoise

Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic,

Congo (DRC), Congo (ROC), Equatorial Guinea,

Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau

(?), Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal,

Sierra Leone, Togo, Uganda

IUCN: Data Decient (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2013: Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Testudo erosa Schweigger 1812:321, Kinixys erosa,

Cinixys erosa, Kinixys belliana erosa

Testudo schoepi Fitzinger 1826:44 (nomen nudum)

Kinixys castanea Bell 1827:398, Cinixys (Cinixys)

castanea, Cinixys castanea

Kinixys homeana Bell 1827

(12:35)

Home’s Hinge-back Tortoise

Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo

(DRC) (?), Equatorial Guinea, Gabon (?), Ghana,

Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Togo

CBFTT Account: Luiselli and Diagne 2013

IUCN: Vulnerable A2cd (2006)

TFTSG Draft 2013: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Kinixys homeana Bell 1827:400, Cinixys homeana,

Testudo (Kinyxis) homeana, Kinixys belliana

homeana

Kinixys lobatsiana Power 1927

(12:35)

Lobatse Hinge-back Tortoise

Botswana, South Africa

IUCN: Not Evaluated

SARCA Draft 2010: Least Concern

TFTSG Draft 2013: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Cinixys lobatsiana Power 1927:410, Kinixys lobatsi-

ana, Kinixys belliana lobatsiana

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 403

Kinixys natalensis Hewitt 1935

(12:35)

Natal Hinge-back Tortoise

Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland

IUCN: Near Threatened (1996)

SARCA Draft 2010: Least Concern

TFTSG Draft 2013: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Kinixys natalensis Hewitt 1935:353, Kinixys belliana

natalensis

Kinixys nogueyi (Lataste 1886)

(08:11, 09:39, 12:35)

Western Hinge-back Tortoise

Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Repub-

lic, Chad (?), Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bis-

sau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania (extirpat-

ed?), Niger (?), Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2013: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Homopus nogueyi Lataste 1886:286, Cinixys

nogueyi, Cinixys belliana nogueyi, Kinixys

nogueyi, Kinixys belliana nogueyi

Cinixys dorri Lataste 1888:164

Kinixys spekii Gray 1863d

(12:35)

Speke’s Hinge-back Tortoise

Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Congo (DRC), Kenya,

Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia (Caprivi), Rwanda,

South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

IUCN: Not Evaluated

SARCA Draft 2010: Least Concern (regional)

TFTSG Draft 2013: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Kinixys spekii Gray 1863d:381, Cinixys spekii,

Kinixys belliana spekii

Homopus darlingi Boulenger 1902b:15, Kinixys

darlingi, Kinixys belliana darlingi

Testudo procterae Loveridge 1923:928, Malacocher-

sus procterae

Kinixys australis Hewitt 1931:477, Kinixys australis

australis, Kinixys belliana australis

Kinixys jordani Hewitt 1931:482

Kinixys youngi Hewitt 1931:486

Kinixys australis mababiensis FitzSimons 1932:37,

Kinixys belliana mababiensis

Kinixys zombensis Hewitt 1931

(12:35)

Southeastern Hinge-back Tortoise

Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Madagas-

car (prehistoric introduction?)

IUCN: Not Evaluated

SARCA Draft 2010: Least Concern (regional)

TFTSG Draft 2013: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

K. z. zombensis Hewitt 1931

(12:35)

Southeastern Hinge-back Tortoise

Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania

Kinixys belliana zombensis Hewitt 1931:469, Kinixys

zombensis, Kinixys zombensis zombensis

Kinixys belliana zuluensis Hewitt 1931:471, Kinixys

zuluensis

K. z. domerguei (Vuillemin 1972b)

(12:35)

Madagascan Hinge-back Tortoise

Madagascar (prehistoric introduction?)

Madakinixys domerguei Vuillemin 1972b:169,

Kinixys belliana domerguei, Kinixys zombensis

domerguei

404 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

____Malacochersus Lindholm 1929

Malacochersus Lindholm 1929:285

Malacochersus tornieri (Siebenrock 1903b)

Pancake Tortoise

Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia

IUCN: Vulnerable A1bd (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2013: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Testudo tornieri Siebenrock 1903b:443, Testudo

(Malacochersus) tornieri, Malacochersus

tornieri

Testudo loveridgii Boulenger 1920:263, Malacocher-

sus loveridgii

____Manouria Gray 1854a

Manouria Gray 1854a:133

Teleopus Le Conte 1854:187

Scapia Gray 1869a:167

Manouria emys (Schlegel and Müller 1840)

Asian Giant Tortoise

Bangladesh, India (Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland),

Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra), Malaysia (East, West),

Myanmar, Singapore (extirpated), Thailand

IUCN: Endangered A1cd+2cd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

M. e. emys (Schlegel and Müller 1840)

Asian Brown Giant Tortoise

Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra), Malaysia (East,

West), Singapore (extirpated), Thailand

Testudo emys Schlegel and Müller 1840:pl.4, Ma-

nouria emys, Manouria emys emys, Geochelone

emys, Geochelone emys emys, Testudo emys

emys

Testudo emydoides Duméril and Bibron in Duméril

and Duméril 1851:4, Manouria emydoides

Manouria fusca Gray 1854a:134

Teleopus luxatus Le Conte 1854:187, Manouria

luxata

Testudo (Scapia) falconeri Gray 1869a:169 (partim,

nomen dubium), Testudo falconeri, Scapia

falconeri

M. e. phayrei (Blyth 1853)

Burmese Black Giant Tortoise

Bangladesh, India (Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram,

Nagaland), Myanmar, Thailand

Testudo phayrei Blyth 1853:639, Scapia phayrei,

Manouria emys phayrei

Testudo (Scapia) falconeri Gray 1869a:169 (partim,

nomen dubium), Testudo falconeri, Scapia

falconeri

Testudo nutapundi Reimann in Nutaphand 1979:193,

Geochelone nutapundi, Manouria emys nuta-

pundi, Geochelone emys nutapundi, Manouria

nutapundi

Manouria impressa (Günther 1882)

Impressed Tortoise

Cambodia, China (Yunnan), Laos, Malaysia (West),

Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam

IUCN: Vulnerable A1acd, B1+2acd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Geoemyda impressa Günther 1882:343, Testudo

impressa, Geochelone impressa, Manouria

impressa

Geoemyda latinuchalis Vaillant 1894:68, Testudo

latinuchalis

Testudo pseudemys Boulenger 1903a:144

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 405

____Psammobates Fitzinger 1835

Psammobates Fitzinger 1835:113

Chersinella Gray 1870c:8

Psammobates geometricus (Linnaeus 1758)

Geometric Tortoise

South Africa

IUCN: Endangered A1ac, B1+2c (1996)

SARCA Draft 2010: Critically Endangered

TFTSG Draft 2013: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix I

Testudo geometrica Linnaeus 1758:199, Chersine

geometrica, Psammobates geometricus, Peltastes

geometricus, Peltastes geometrica, Chersinella

geometrica, Psammobates geometrica, Geoche-

lone geometrica

Testudo luteola Daudin 1801:277

Peltastes geographicus Gray 1869a:173 (nomen

novum)

Testudo strauchi Lidth de Jeude 1893:312, Chersi-

nella strauchi

Psammobates oculifer (Kuhl 1820)

Serrated Tent Tortoise, Kalahari Tent Tortoise

Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

SARCA Draft 2010: Least Concern

TFTSG Draft 2013: Least Concern

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Testudo oculifera Kuhl 1820:77, Emys oculifera,

Clemmys oculifera, Chersinella oculifera, Psam-

mobates oculifera, Psammobates oculifer, Psam-

mobates oculiferus

Emys occilifera Kuhl in Gray 1830e:9 (nomen

novum)

Emys kuhlii Gray 1831d:73 (nomen dubium)

Testudo semiserrata Smith 1839a:Reptilia,pl.6,

Peltastes semiserratus

Psammobates tentorius (Bell 1828a)

Tent Tortoise

Namibia, South Africa

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

SARCA Draft 2010: Least Concern

TFTSG Draft 2013: Least Concern

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

P. t. tentorius (Bell 1828a)

Southern Tent Tortoise, Common Tent Tortoise

South Africa

Testudo tentoria Bell 1828a:420, Testudo geometrica

tentoria, Peltastes tentorius, Chersinella tentoria,

Chersinella tentoria tentoria, Psammobates ten-

toria, Psammobates tentoria tentoria, Psammo-

bates tentorius, Psammobates tentorius tentorius,

Testudo tentoria tentoria

Testudo geometrica nigriventris Gray 1856b:8

Chersinella tentoria albanica Hewitt 1933b:266,

Psammobates tentoria albanica

Chersinella tentoria tentorioides Hewitt 1933b:268,

Psammobates tentoria tentorioides

Chersinella tentoria piscatella Hewitt 1933b:269,

Psammobates tentoria piscatella

Chersinella tentoria subsulcata Hewitt 1933b:270

Chersinella tentoria karuica Hewitt 1933b:272,

Psammobates tentoria karuica

Chersinella tentoria duerdeni Hewitt 1933b:279,

Psammobates tentoria duerdeni

Chersinella tentoria lativittata Hewitt 1933b:281

Chersinella tentoria karuella Hewitt 1933b:283

P. t. trimeni (Boulenger 1886a)

Western Tent Tortoise

Namibia, South Africa

TFTSG Draft 2013: Endangered

Testudo trimeni Boulenger 1886a:541, Chersinella

trimeni, Psammobates trimeni, Psammobates

tentorius trimeni, Testudo tentoria trimeni, Psam-

mobates tentoria trimeni

Chersinella tentoria hexensis Hewitt 1933b:286

P. t. verroxii (Smith 1839)

Northern Tent Tortoise

Namibia, South Africa

Testudo verroxii Smith 1839b:Reptilia,pl.8, Peltastes

verroxii, Chersinella verroxii, Chersinella ver-

roxii verroxii, Psammobates tentorius verroxii,

Testudo tentoria verroxii, Psammobates tentoria

verroxii, Testudo tentorius verroxii

406 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Peltastes verreauxii Gray 1870b:656 (nomen novum),

Testudo verreauxii, Psammobates verreauxii

Testudo ski Boulenger 1886a:542, Testudo tentoria

ski, Chersinella ski, Chersinella ski ski,

Psammobates ski, Psammobates ski ski

Testudo smithi Boulenger 1886a:542, Chersinella

verroxii smithi, Testudo smithi smithi, Testudo

verroxii smithi

Testudo seimundi Boulenger 1903b:216, Chersinella

ski seimundi

Testudo boettgeri Siebenrock 1904a:194 (junior hom-

onym), Chersinella verroxii boettgeri, Chersi-

nella boettgeri

Homopus bergeri Lindholm 1906:348 (partim),

Testudo bergeri, Chersinella verroxii bergeri,

Testudo smithi bergeri, Testudo verroxii bergeri

Testudo oscarboettgeri Lindholm 1929:295 (nomen

novum)

Chersinella schonlandi Hewitt 1934:303

Chersinella ski cronwrighti Hewitt 1934:317, Psam-

mobates ski cronwrighti

Chersinella ski orangensis Hewitt 1934:319

Chersinella ski colesbergensis Hewitt 1934:321,

Psammobates ski colesbergensis

Chersinella ski grica Hewitt 1934:323

Chersinella ski gricoides Hewitt 1934:326

Chersinella ski amasensis Hewitt 1934:333

Psammobates depressa FitzSimons 1938:154

____Pyxis Bell 1827

Pyxis Bell 1827:395

Acinixys Siebenrock 1902b:12

Bellemys Williams 1950a:512 (nomen novum)

Pyxoides Vuillemin and Domergue 1972:193

Pyxis arachnoides Bell 1827

Spider Tortoise

Madagascar

IUCN: Critically Endangered A4cd, E (2008)

CITES: Appendix I

P. a. arachnoides Bell 1827

(07:70)

Spider Tortoise, Common Spider Tortoise

Madagascar

Pyxis arachnoides Bell 1827:395, Testudo (Pyxis)

arachnoides, Testudo arachnoides, Bellemys

arachnoides, Pyxis arachnoides arachnoides

Testudo (Pyxis) aranoides Gray 1830e:6 (nomen

novum), Pyxis aranoides

Pyxis madagascariensis Lesson 1831a:120

P. a. brygooi (Vuillemin and Domergue 1972)

Northern Spider Tortoise

Madagascar

Pyxoides brygooi Vuillemin and Domergue

1972:193, Pyxis arachnoides brygooi

P. a. oblonga Gray 1869a

Southern Spider Tortoise

Madagascar

Pyxis arachnoidea oblonga Gray 1869a:173, Pyxis

arachnoides oblonga

Pyxis arachnoides matzi Bour 1979:143

Pyxis planicauda (Grandidier 1867)

Flat-tailed Tortoise, Flat-shelled Spider Tortoise

Madagascar

IUCN: Critically Endangered A4acd (2008)

CITES: Appendix I

Testudo planicauda Grandidier 1867:223, Acinixys

planicauda, Pyxis (Acinixys) planicauda, Pyxis

planicauda

Testudo morondavaensis Vuillemin 1972a:127

____Stigmochelys Gray 1873i

(07:52, 10:26)

Stigmochelys Gray 1873i:5

Megachersine Hewitt 1933b:257

Stigmochelys pardalis (Bell 1828a)

(07:71, 10:27)

Leopard Tortoise

Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Congo (DRC), Djibouti,

Eritrea (?), Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique,

Namibia, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa, South

Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

SARCA Draft 2010: Least Concern (regional)

TFTSG Draft 2013: Least Concern

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 407

Testudo pardalis Bell 1828a:420, Geochelone (Geo-

chelone) pardalis, Geochelone pardalis, Testudo

(Stigmochelys) pardalis, Megachersine pardalis,

Testudo pardalis pardalis, Geochelone pardalis

pardalis, Stigmochelys pardalis, Centrochelys

pardalis, Centrochelys pardalis pardalis, Stigmo-

chelys pardalis pardalis, Psammobates pardalis

Testudo biguttata Cuvier 1829:10 (nomen nudum)

Testudo armata Boie in Gray 1830e:4 (nomen

nudum)

Testudo bipunctata Gray 1830e:4 (nomen nudum)

Testudo pardalis babcocki Loveridge 1935:4

(10:27)

Geochelone pardalis babcocki, Geochelone

babcocki, Stigmochelys pardalis babcocki

____Testudo Linnaeus 1758

(07:72)

Testudo Linnaeus 1758:197

Chersus Wagler 1830b:138

Cherseus Gray 1856b:10 (nomen novum)

Peltastes Gray 1869a:171 (junior homonym)

Peltonia Gray 1872c:4 (nomen novum)

Medaestia Wussow 1916:170

(09:40)

(partim, nomen

dubium)

Pseudotestudo Loveridge and Williams 1957:166

Protestudo Chkhikvadze 1970:245

Furculachelys Higheld 1990:1

Testudo graeca Linnaeus 1758

(07:73, 11:12, 12:36) (34)

Spur-thighed Tortoise, Greek Tortoise, Moorish Tortoise

Afghanistan (?), Albania (?), Algeria, Armenia, Azer-

baijan, Bulgaria, Egypt (?) (Sinai), Georgia, Greece,

Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kosovo, Lebanon, Libya,

Macedonia, Moldova, Morocco, Palestine (Gaza (?),

West Bank), Romania, Russia (Chechnya [?], Dages-

tan, Krasnodarskiy), Serbia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey

(Asian, European), Turkmenistan

Introduced: France, Italy (Continental, Sardinia [prehis-

toric], Sicily), Malta (?), Spain (Continental, Balearic

Islands)

IUCN: Vulnerable A1cd (1996)

IUCN Regional (Europe): Vulnerable (2004)

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

T. g. graeca Linnaeus 1758

(09:41)

Mediterranean Spur-thighed Tortoise

Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia

Testudo graeca Linnaeus 1758:198 (senior homonym),

Testudo graeca graeca

Testudo pusilla Linnaeus 1758:199 (senior homonym),

Chersine pusilla

Testudo mauritanica Duméril and Bibron 1835:44,

Testudo graeca mauritanica, Peltastes mauritani-

cus, Testudo ibera mauritanica

Testudo whitei Bennett in White 1836:361

(09:41)

Peltastes marginatus whitei, Furculachelys

whitei, Testudo graeca whitei

Testudo graeca sarda Ballasina 1995:166 (nomen

nudum)

Testudo graeca sardinia van der Kuyl, Ballasina,

Dekker, Maas, Willemsen, and Goudsmit

2002:180 (nomen nudum)

T. g. armeniaca Chkhikvadze and Bakradze 1991

(11:12)

Araxes Tortoise

Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia (Chechnya

[?], Dagestan), Turkey

Testudo graeca armeniaca Chkhikvadze and

Bakradze 1991:60, Testudo armeniaca, Testudo

terrestris armeniaca

Testudo graeca pallasi Chkhikvadze and Bakradze

2002:276, Testudo pallasi

Testudo dagestanica Chkhikvadze, Mazanaeva, and

Shammakov 2011:337

(11:12)

(partim, nomen

dubium), Testudo graeca dagestanica

T. g. buxtoni Boulenger 1921

(10:28)

Buxton’s Tortoise

Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, Turkey

Testudo ecaudata Pallas 1814:19

(10:28)

(nomen

dubium)

Testudo buxtoni Boulenger 1921:251, Testudo ter-

restris buxtoni, Testudo ibera buxtoni, Testudo

graeca buxtoni

Testudo perses Perälä 2002:81, Testudo graeca

perses, Testudo ibera perses

T. g. cyrenaica Pieh and Perälä 2002

Cyrenaican Spur-thighed Tortoise

Libya

Testudo graeca cyrenaica Pieh and Perälä 2002:3,

Testudo cyrenaica

T. g. ibera Pallas 1814

(11:12)

Asia Minor Tortoise

Albania (?), Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia,

Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia, Moldova, Romania,

Russia (Krasnodarskiy), Serbia, Turkey

IUCN: The synonymized taxon Testudo graeca nikolskii

listed as Critically Endangered A1abcde+2bcde (1996)

Testudo ibera Pallas 1814:18, Chersus iberus, Cher-

seus iberus, Medaestia ibera, Testudo graeca

ibera, Testudo ibera ibera, Testudo terrestris

ibera

Testudo iberia Blyth 1853:642 (nomen novum)

Testudo ibera bicaudalis Venzmer 1920:289

Testudo ibera racovitzai Calinescu 1931:169

Testudo graeca nikolskii Chkhikvadze and Tuniyev

1986:618, Testudo ibera nikolskii, Testudo ter-

restris nikolskii, Testudo nikolskii

Testudo graeca pontica Khosatzky 1987:58 (nomen

nudum)

Testudo dagestanica Chkhikvadze, Mazanaeva, and

Shammakov 2011:337

(11:12)

(partim, nomen

dubium), Testudo graeca dagestanica

408 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

T. g. marokkensis Pieh and Perälä 2004

(09:42)

Morocco Tortoise

Morocco

Testudo graeca marokkensis Pieh and Perälä

2004:19

(09:42)

Testudo graeca lamberti Pieh and Perälä 2004:19

(09:42)

T. g. nabeulensis (Higheld 1990)

Nabeul Tortoise

Libya, Tunisia

Testudo avominimaralis Higheld and Martin

1989:[9] (nomen dubium), Testudo graeca

avominimaralis

Furculachelys nabeulensis Higheld 1990:1, Testudo

nabeulensis, Testudo graeca nabeulensis

T. g. soussensis Pieh 2001

Souss Valley Tortoise

Morocco

Testudo graeca soussensis Pieh 2001:209, Testudo

soussensis

T. g. terrestris Forskål 1775

(10:29)

Mesopotamian Tortoise

Egypt (?) (Sinai), Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon,

Palestine (Gaza (?), West Bank), Syria, Turkey

Testudo terrestris Forskål 1775:viii,12 (junior

homonym, nomen conservandum, ICZN 1963),

Testudo graeca terrestris, Testudo terrestris ter-

restris, Testudo ibera terrestris

Testudo zolhafa Forsskål in Gray 1830e:5 (nomen

nudum)

Testudo oweri Bodenheimer 1935:197, Testudo

graeca oweri, Testudo terrestris oweri, Testudo

ibera oweri

Testudo graeca anamurensis Weissinger 1987:14,

Testudo ibera anamurensis, Testudo terrestris

anamurensis, Testudo anamurensis

Testudo antakyensis Perälä 1996:23, Testudo graeca

antakyensis, Testudo terrestris antakyensis, Tes-

tudo ibera antakyensis

T. g. zarudnyi Nikolsky 1896

Iranian Tortoise

Afghanistan (?), Iran, Turkmenistan

Testudo zarudnyi Nikolsky 1896:369, Testudo graeca

zarudnyi, Testudo ibera zarudnyi, Testudo ter-

restris zarudnyi

Testudo kleinmanni Lortet 1883

(07:74)

Egyptian Tortoise

Egypt, Israel, Libya, Palestine (Gaza [extirpated])

IUCN: Critically Endangered A2abcd+3d (2003)

CITES: Appendix I

Testudo leithii Günther 1869:502 (junior homonym),

Peltastes leithii, Medaestia leithii

Testudo kleinmanni Lortet 1883:188, Pseudotestudo

kleinmanni

Testudo werneri Perälä 2001:570

(07:74)

Testudo marginata Schoepff 1793

(07:75, 11:12,13)

Marginated Tortoise

Albania, Greece

Introduced: Cyprus, Italy (Continental, Sardinia

[prehistoric])

IUCN: Least Concern (2004)

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

Testudo tabulata campanulata Walbaum 1782:124

(unavailable name)

Testudo marginata Schoepff 1793:52, Chersine

marginata, Chersus marginatus, Peltastes mar-

ginatus, Peltastes marginata, Testudo marginata

marginata

Testudo graja Hermann in Schoepff 1793:52

Testudo campanulata Gray 1830e:4 (nomen nudum)

Testudo graji Gray 1830e:4 (nomen novum)

Testudo campanulata Strauch 1862:65

Peltastes marginatus melas Gray 1870c:10

Testudo nemoralis Schreiber 1875:557

Testudo marginata sarda Mayer 1992:95

Testudo weissingeri Bour 1996:30, Testudo mar-

ginata weissingeri

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 409

____Testudo Linnaeus 1758 or

Chersine Merrem 1820

(07:72, 09:40)

Chersine Merrem 1820:29

(09:40)

Chersini Merrem in Gray 1825:210 (nomen novum)

Medaestia Wussow 1916:170

(09:40)

(partim, nomen

dubium)

Eurotestudo Lapparent de Broin, Bour, Parham, and

Perälä 2006:803

Testudo hermanni Gmelin 1789

(36)

Chersine hermanni

Hermann’s Tortoise

Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,

France (Continental, Corsica), Greece, Italy (Conti-

nental, Kosovo, Sardinia [prehistoric introduction],

Sicily), Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia,

Slovenia, Spain (Continental, Balearic Islands [pre-

historic introduction]), Turkey (European)

Introduced: Malta (?)

CBFTT Account: Bertolero, Cheylan, Hailey, Livoreil,

and Willemsen 2011

IUCN: Near Threatened (2004)

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

T. h. hermanni Gmelin 1789

(07:76) (36)

C. h. hermanni

Western Hermann’s Tortoise

France (Continental, Corsica [prehistoric introduction?]),

Italy (Continental, Sicily), Spain (Continental)

Introduced: Italy (Sardinia [prehistoric introduction])

IUCN: Endangered B1+2abcde (1996)

Testudo hermanni Gmelin 1789:1041, Testudo her-

manni hermanni, Protestudo hermanni, Agrione-

mys hermanni, Eurotestudo hermanni, Chersine

hermanni, Chersine hermanni hermanni

Testudo (Emys) canstadiensis † Plieninger 1847:208

[Pleistocene, Germany]

Testudo graeca bettai Lataste 1881:396

Testudo globosa † Portis 1890:3

(37)

[Early Pleisto-

cene, Villafranchian, Italy (mainland)]

Testudo oriens † Portis 1890:9

(37)

[Early Pleistocene,

Villafranchian, Italy (mainland)]

Testudo seminota † Portis 1890:10

(37)

[Early Pleisto-

cene, Villafranchian, Italy (mainland)]

Testudo hermanni robertmertensi Wermuth 1952:162

T. h. boettgeri Mojsisovics 1889 or

C. h. boettgeri

Eastern Hermann’s Tortoise

Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,

Greece, Italy (?) (Continental), Kosovo, Macedonia,

Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Turkey

(European)

Testudo graeca boettgeri Mojsisovics 1889:242

(senior homonym), Testudo hermanni boettgeri,

Testudo boettgeri, Testudo boettgeri boettgeri,

Eurotestudo boettgeri, Chersine hermanni

boettgeri

Testudo graeca hercegovinensis Werner 1899:818,

Testudo hercegovinensis, Testudo boettgeri her-

cegovinensis, Testudo hermanni hercegovinensis,

Eurotestudo hercegovinensis

Testudo enriquesi Parenzan 1932:1160

____Testudo Linnaeus 1758 or

Agrionemys Khosatzky and Mlynarski 1966

(07:72, 09:40)

Testudinella Gray 1870c:12 (junior homonym)

Agrionemys Khosatzky and Mlynarski 1966:123 (no-

men novum)

Testudo horseldii Gray 1844

(07:77, 08:15, 09:43, 10:30)

Agrionemys horseldii

Central Asian Tortoise, Steppe Tortoise, Horseld’s

Tortoise

Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang), Iran, Kazakhstan,

Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,

Uzbekistan

Introduced: Latvia

IUCN: Vulnerable A2d (1996)

CITES: Appendix II, as Testudinidae spp.

T. h. horseldii Gray 1844

(10:30)

A. h. horseldii

Central Asian Tortoise, Steppe Tortoise, Horseld’s

Tortoise

Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,

Uzbekistan

Testudo horseldii Gray 1844:7, Testudinella hors-

eldii, Homopus horseldii, Medaestia horsel-

dii, Agrionemys horseldii, Testudo horseldii

horseldii, Agrionemys horseldii horseldii

Homopus burnesii Blyth 1853:642

Testudo baluchiorum Annandale 1906:75

(10:28)

Agrionemys horseldii baluchiorum

T. h. bogdanovi Chkhikvadze in Chkhikvadze, Brushko,

and Kubykin 2008

(10:30)

A. h. bogdanovi

Fergana Valley Steppe Tortoise

Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan

Agrionemys bogdanovi Chkhikvadze in Chkh-

ikvadze, Brushko, and Kubykin 2008:100,

410 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Testudo horseldii bogdanovi, Agrionemys

horseldii bogdanovi

T. h. kazachstanica Chkhikvadze 1988

(09:43, 10:30) (38)

A. h. kazachstanica

Kazakhstan Steppe Tortoise

China (Xinjiang), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan

Agrionemys horseldi kazachstanica Chkhikvadze

1988:110, Testudo horseldii kazachstanica,

Agrionemys horseldii kazachstanica, Agrione-

mys kazachstanica

Agrionemys kazachstanica terbishi Chkhikvadze

2009:60

(10:30) (38)

, Testudo horseldii terbishi,

Agrionemys horseldii terbishi

T. h. kuznetzovi Chkhikvadze, Ataev, Shammakov, and

Zatoka in Chkhikvadze, Ataev, and Shammakov

2009

(10:30)

A. h. kuznetzovi

Turkmenistan Steppe Tortoise

Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan

Agrionemys kazachstanica kuznetzovi Chkhikvadze,

Ataev, Shammakov, and Zatoka in Chkhikvadze,

Ataev, and Shammakov 2009:52, Testudo

horseldii kuznetzovi, Agrionemys horseldii

kuznetzovi

T. h. rustamovi Chkhikvadze, Amiranashvili, and Ataev

1990

(09:43, 10:30)

A. h. rustamovi

Kopet-Dag Steppe Tortoise

Iran, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan

Agrionemys horseldi rustamovi Chkhikvadze, Ami-

ranashvili, and Ataev 1990:73, Agrionemys hors-

eldii rustamovi, Testudo horseldii rustamovi,

Agrionemys rustamovi

_TrionychoiDea Gray 1825

Trionicidae Gray 1825:212

Trionychoidea Fitzinger 1826:5

Trionychia Hummel 1929:362

__careTTochelyiDae Boulenger 1887a

Carettochelydidae Boulenger 1887a:171

Carettochelydes Baur 1891a:190

Carettochelyidae Baur 1891c:637

____Carettochelys Ramsay 1886

Carettochelys Ramsay 1886:158

Carettochelys insculpta Ramsay 1886

(07:78, 08:10)

Pig-Nosed Turtle, Fly River Turtle

Australia (Northern Territory), Indonesia (Papua), Papua

New Guinea (Southern)

CBFTT Account: Georges, Doody, Eisemberg, Alacs,

and Rose 2008

IUCN: Vulnerable A1bd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

CITES: Appendix II

Carettocchelys insculptus Ramsay 1886:158, Caret-

tochelys insculptus, Carettochelys insculpta

Carettochelys insculpta canni Wells 2002:1

(07:78, 08:10, 10:43)

(unavailable name), Carettochelys canni

__TrionychiDae Gray 1825

Amydae Oppel 1811:9 (partim)

Trionyces Schmid 1819:18

Trionicidae Gray 1825:212

Trionychoidea Fitzinger 1826:5

Trionychidae Bell 1828c:515

Trionycidae Bonaparte 1831:63

___cyclanorBinae Lydekker 1889

Cyclanosteina Gray 1864b:94

Cyclanorbinae Lydekker 1889:x

____Cyclanorbis Gray 1854a

Cryptopus Duméril and Bibron 1835:499 (junior

homonym)

Cyclanorbis Gray 1854a:135

Cryptopodus Duméril 1856:374 (nomen novum)

Cyclanosteus Gray 1856a:201

Tetrathyra Gray 1865a:205

Baikiea Gray 1869a:215

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 411

Cyclanorbis elegans (Gray 1869a)

Nubian Flapshell Turtle

Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad,

Ethiopia (?), Ghana, Nigeria, South Sudan, Sudan,

Togo

IUCN: Near Threatened (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2013: Critically Endangered

Baikiea elegans Gray 1869a:215, Cyclanorbis

elegans

Cyclanorbis oligotylus Siebenrock 1902c:810

Cyclanorbis senegalensis (Duméril and Bibron 1835)

Senegal Flapshell Turtle

Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon (?), Central African

Republic (?), Chad, Congo (DRC), Ethiopia (?),

Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia

(?), Mali, Mauritania (extirpated?), Nigeria, Senegal,

South Sudan, Sudan, Togo

IUCN: Near Threatened (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2013: Vulnerable

Cryptopus senegalensis Duméril and Bibron

1835:504, Emyda senegalensis, Cyclanosteus

senegalensis, Cyclanorbis senegalensis

Cyclanorbis petersii Gray 1854a:135, Cyclanosteus

petersii, Cycloderma petersii

Cycloderma senegalense Duméril 1861a:168 (justi-

ed emendation)

Tetrathyra baikii Gray 1865a:205

Cyclanosteus senegalensis callosa Gray 1865b:425

Cyclanosteus senegalensis equilifera Gray

1865b:425

Cyclanosteus senegalensis normalis Gray 1865b:425

Tetrathyra vaillantii Rochebrune 1884:36

____Cycloderma Peters 1854

Cycloderma Peters 1854:216

Heptathyra Cope 1860:294

Aspidochelys Gray 1860a:6

Cycloderma aubryi (Duméril 1856)

(10:31)

Aubry’s Flapshell Turtle

Angola (Cabinda), Central African Republic, Congo

(DRC), Congo (ROC), Gabon

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2013: Vulnerable

Cryptopodus aubryi Duméril 1856:374

(10:31)

, Cryp-

topus aubryi, Cycloderma aubryi, Heptathyra

aubryi

Cycloderma frenatum Peters 1854

Zambezi Flapshell Turtle

Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia (?), Zimbabwe

CBFTT Account: Broadley and Sachsse 2011

IUCN: Near Threatened (1996)

Cycloderma frenatum Peters 1854:216, Cyclanosteus

frenatus, Heptathyra frenata

Aspidochelys livingstonii Gray 1860a:6, Heptathyra

livingstonii

412 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

____Lissemys Smith 1931

(11:14)

Emyda Gray 1830e:19

(10:7)

(junior homonym)

Lissemys Smith 1931:xxviii (nomen novum)

Lissemys ceylonensis (Gray 1856a)

(11:14)

Sri Lankan Flapshell Turtle

Sri Lanka

IUCN: Not Evaluated

CITES: Appendix II [as part of Lissemys punctata]

Emyda ceylonensis Gray 1856a:201, Emyda granosa

ceylonensis, Lissemys ceylonensis

Lissemys punctata (Bonnaterre 1789)

(09:44, 11:14)

Indian Flapshell Turtle

Bangladesh, India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat,

Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Punjab, Tamil

Nadu, West Bengal), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan

Introduced: India (Andaman Islands)

CBFTT Account: Bhupathy, Webb, and Praschag 2014

IUCN: Least Concern (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

CITES: Appendix II

L. p. punctata (Bonnaterre 1789)

(11:14)

Southern Indian Flapshell Turtle

India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)

Testudo punctata Lacepède 1788:171

(09:6)

(nomen

suppressum, ICZN 2005a)

Testudo punctata Bonnaterre 1789:30, Trionyx

(Emyda) punctatus, Trionyx punctatus, Emyda

punctata, Trionyx punctata, Lissemys punctata,

Lissemys punctata punctata, Trionyx punctatus

punctatus

Testudo sonnerati Meyer 1790:83

(09:8)

(nomen novum

et oblitum)

Testudo granulosa Suckow 1798:48 (nomen novum)

Testudo scabra Latreille in Sonnini and Latreille

1801:164 (nomen novum and junior homonym)

Testudo granosa Schoepff 1801:127, Trionyx

granosus, Cryptopus granosus, Emyda granosa,

Emyda granosa granosa, Lissemys punctata

granosa, Trionyx punctatus granosus

Testudo granulata Daudin 1801:81 (nomen novum)

Trionyx coromandelicus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire

1809b:16 (nomen novum)

Emyda dura Buchanan-Hamilton in Anderson

1876:514 (nomen nudum)

L. p. andersoni Webb 1980

(11:14)

Spotted Northern Indian Flapshell Turtle

Bangladesh, India (Assam, Bihar, Haryana, Jammu,

Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Ut-

tar Pradesh, West Bengal), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan

Introduced: India (Andaman Islands)

Lissemys punctata andersoni Webb 1980:554, Lis-

semys andersoni

L. p. vittata (Peters 1854)

(11:14)

Central Indian Flapshell Turtle

India (Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh?, Goa, Gujarat,

Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra,

Orissa, Rajasthan)

Emyda vittata Peters 1854:201, Emyda granosa vit-

tata, Lissemys punctata vittata

Emyda granosa intermedia Annandale 1912a:172

Lissemys scutata (Peters 1868)

(11:14)

Burmese Flapshell Turtle

Myanmar, Thailand (?)

IUCN: Data Decient (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Near Threatened

CITES: Appendix II

Emyda scutata Peters 1868:449, Emyda granosa

scutata, Lissemys punctata scutata, Trionyx

punctatus scutatus, Lissemys scutata

Emyda fuscomaculata Gray 1873c:308

___Trionychinae Gray 1825

Amydae Oppel 1811:9 (partim)

Trionyces Schmid 1819:18

Trionicidae Gray 1825:212

Trionychoidea Fitzinger 1826:5

Trionychinae Lydekker 1889:4

____Amyda Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809a

Amyda Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809a:365

Amida Duméril and Bibron 1834:416 (nomen

novum)

Potamochelys Fitzinger 1843:30

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 413

Aspilus Gray 1864b:83 (junior homonym)

Ida Gray 1873g:55 (junior homonym)

Amyda cartilaginea (Boddaert 1770)

Asiatic Softshell Turtle

Brunei, Cambodia, India (Mizoram), Indonesia (Java,

Kalimantan, Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia (East, West),

Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam

Introduced: Indonesia (Lesser Sundas, Sulawesi)

IUCN: Vulnerable A1cd+2cd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix II

Testudo cartilaginea Boddaert 1770:1, Gymnopus

cartilaginea, Trionyx cartilagineus, Aspidonectes

cartilagineus, Potamochelys cartilagineus,

Amyda cartilaginea

Testudo membranacea Blumenbach 1779:257 (no-

men dubium)

Testudo boddaerti Schneider 1787:12 (nomen novum),

Trionyx boddaerti

Testudo striata Suckow 1798:37 (partim, nomen

novum)

Trionyx javanicus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809a:365

(senior homonym), Aspidonectes javanicus,

Trionyx stellatus javanica, Aspilus javanicus,

Potamochelys javanicus

Trionyx stellatus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809a:365

(nomen novum), Potamochelys stellatus

Trionyx cariniferus Gray 1856b:67, Aspilus carin-

iferus, Trionyx carinifera

Trionyx ornatus Gray 1861a:41, Aspilus ornatus, Ida

ornata

Aspilus punctulatus Gray 1864b:84

Trionyx phayrei Theobald 1868b:18, Aspidonectes

phayrei

Trionyx jeudi Gray 1869a:217

Trionyx ephippium Theobald 1875:177

Trionyx phayrii Boulenger 1889:ix (nomen novum),

Amyda phayrii

Trionyx trinilensis † Jaekel 1911:78 [Pleistocene,

Pithecanthropus Trinil Beds, Indonesia (Java)]

Trionyx nakornsrithammarajensis Nutaphand 1979:8,

Amyda nakornsrithammarajensis

Trionyx cartilageneus nakorn Nutaphand 1990:[8]

(nomen novum), Trionyx cartilagineus nakorn

____Apalone Ranesque 1832

Aplaxia Ranesque 1817:166 (nomen oblitum)

Apalone Ranesque 1832:64

Mesodeca Ranesque 1832:64

Platypeltis Fitzinger 1835:109

Callinia Gray 1869a:221

Euamyda Stejneger 1944:7

Apalone ferox (Schneider 1783)

Florida Softshell Turtle

USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina)

IUCN: Least Concern (2011)

Testudo ferox Schneider 1783:330, Emydes ferox,

Trionyx ferox, Amyda ferox, Aspidonectes ferox,

Platypeltis ferox, Amyda ferox ferox, Trionyx

ferox ferox, Apalone ferox

Testudo mollis Lacepède 1788:137

(09:6)

(nomen sup-

pressum, ICZN 2005a)

Testudo mollis Bonnaterre 1789:25

Testudo (ferox) verrucosa Schoepff 1795:90 (senior

homonym)

Testudo bartrami Daudin 1801:74 (nomen novum),

Chelys bartrami, Trionyx bartrami, Mesodeca

bartrami

Trionyx georgianus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809a:367

(nomen novum)

Trionyx carinatus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809b:14,

Aspidonectes carinatus

Trionyx georgicus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809b:17

(nomen novum)

Trionyx brongniarti Schweigger 1812:288 (no-

men novum), Testudo brongniarti, Platypeltis

brongniarti

Trionyx harlani Bell in Harlan 1835:159

Apalone mutica (LeSueur 1827)

Smooth Softshell Turtle

USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota,

Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, North

Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania [extirpated],

South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia,

Wisconsin)

414 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

IUCN: Least Concern (2011)

A. m. mutica (LeSueur 1827)

Midland Smooth Softshell Turtle

USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kan-

sas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi,

Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota,

Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania [extirpated], South

Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia, Wisconsin)

Trionyx pusilla Ranesque 1822:5 (nomen dubium et

suppressum, ICZN 1984)

Trionyx muticus LeSueur 1827:263, Aspidonectes

muticus, Gymnopus muticus, Amyda mutica, Tri-

onyx muticus, Trionyx muticus muticus, Apalone

mutica, Apalone muticus, Apalone mutica mutica

Potamochelys microcephalus Gray 1864b:87, Cal-

linia microcephala, Potamochelys microcephala

A. m. calvata (Webb 1959)

Gulf Coast Smooth Softshell Turtle

USA (Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi)

Trionyx muticus calvatus Webb 1959:519, Apalone

mutica calvata

Apalone spinifera (LeSueur 1827)

(12:37)

Spiny Softshell Turtle

Canada (Ontario, Québec), Mexico (Chihuahua, Coa-

huila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas), USA (Alabama, Ar-

kansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mich-

igan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana,

Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina,

North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South

Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont,

Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming)

Introduced: USA (Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada,

New Jersey, Utah)

IUCN: Least Concern (2011)

A. s. spinifera (LeSueur 1827)

(08:22)

Northern Spiny Softshell Turtle

Canada (Ontario, Québec), USA (Arkansas, Colorado,

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisi-

ana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississip-

pi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico,

New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio,

Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennes-

see, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin,

Wyoming)

Aplaxia nasica Ranesque 1817:166 (nomen nudum)

Trionyx nasica Ranesque 1822:5 (nomen

suppressum, ICZN 1984)

Trionyx spiniferus LeSueur 1827:258, Gymnopus

spiniferus, Gymnopodus spiniferus, Aspidonectes

spinifer, Gymnopus spinifer, Trionyx spinifer,

Callinia spinifera, Platypeltis spinifer, Tyrse

spinifera, Amyda spinifera, Platypeltis spinifera,

Amyda spinifer, Amyda spinifera spinifera, Trion-

yx spinifera, Trionyx spinifera spinifera, Amyda

ferox spinifera, Trionyx ferox spinifera, Trionyx

spinifer spinifer, Trionyx spiniferus spiniferus,

Apalone spinifera, Apalone spiniferus, Apalone

spinifera spinifera

Trionyx ocellatus LeSueur 1827:261 (senior

homonym)

Apalone hudsonica Ranesque 1832:64

Trionyx annulifer Wied 1839:140 (nomen novum)

Tyrse argus Gray 1844:48, Trionyx argus

Trionyx annulatus Gray 1856b:69 (nomen novum)

Aspidonectes nuchalis Agassiz 1857a:402, Platypeltis

nuchalis

Gymnopus olivaceus Wied 1865:55 (nomen novum)

Amyda spinifera hartwegi Conant and Goin

1948:1

(08:22)

, Amyda ferox hartwegi, Trionyx

ferox hartwegi, Trionyx spinifer hartwegi,

Trionyx spiniferus hartwegi, Apalone spinifera

hartwegi

A. s. aspera (Agassiz 1857a)

Gulf Coast Spiny Softshell Turtle

USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North

Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee)

Aspidonectes asper Agassiz 1857a:402, Platypeltis

asper, Amyda spinifera aspera, Amyda ferox

aspera, Trionyx ferox aspera, Trionyx spinifer

asper, Trionyx spiniferus asper, Trionyx spiniferus

asperus, Apalone spinifera asper, Apalone spi-

nifera aspera

Platypeltis agassizii Baur 1888c:1121, Trionyx agas-

sizii, Pelodiscus agassizii, Aspidonectes agassizii,

Trionyx spiniferus agassizii, Amyda agassizii,

Amyda ferox agassizii, Trionyx ferox agassizii

A. s. atra (Webb and Legler 1960)

(07:79, 08:23, 12:37)

Black Spiny Softshell Turtle, Cuatro Cienegas Softshell

Mexico (Coahuila)

CBFTT Account: Cerdá-Ardura, Soberón-Mobarak,

McGaugh, and Vogt 2008

IUCN: Critically Endangered A1ace+2c (1996), origi-

nally listed as Apalone ater

CITES: Appendix I

Trionyx ater Webb and Legler 1960:21, Trionyx

spinifer ater, Trionyx spiniferus ater, Apalone

spinifera ater, Apalone ater, Apalone spiniferus

ater, Apalone spinifera atra, Apalone (Apalone)

atra, Apalone atra

A. s. emoryi (Agassiz 1857a)

(12:37)

Texas Spiny Softshell Turtle

Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamauli-

pas), USA (Texas)

Aspidonectes emoryi Agassiz 1857a:392, Trionyx

emoryi, Platypeltis emoryi, Amyda emoryi, Amy-

da ferox emoryi, Trionyx ferox emoryi, Trionyx

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 415

spinifer emoryi, Trionyx spinifera emoryi, Trionyx

spiniferus emoryi, Apalone spinifera emoryi

Aspidonectes emyda Gray 1870c:95 (nomen novum)

Aspidonectes georgii Gray 1870c:109 (nomen novum)

A. s. guadalupensis (Webb 1962)

Guadalupe Spiny Softshell Turtle

USA (Texas)

Trionyx spinifer guadalupensis Webb 1962:517, Tri-

onyx spiniferus guadalupensis, Apalone spinifera

guadalupensis

A. s. pallida (Webb 1962)

Pallid Spiny Softshell Turtle

USA (Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas)

Trionyx spinifer pallidus Webb 1962:522, Trionyx

pallidus, Trionyx spiniferus pallidus, Apalone

spinifera pallida, Apalone spinifera pallidus

____Chitra Gray 1844

Chitra Gray 1844:49

Chitra chitra Nutaphand 1986

Asian Narrow-headed Softshell Turtle

Indonesia (Java, Sumatra), Malaysia (West), Thailand

IUCN: Critically Endangered A1cd, B1+2c (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix I

C. c. chitra Nutaphand 1986

Siamese Narrow-headed Softshell Turtle

Indonesia (Sumatra), Malaysia (West), Thailand

Chitra chitra Nutaphand 1986:64 (nomen conservan-

dum, ICZN 2005b), Chitra chitra chitra

C. c. javanensis McCord and Pritchard 2003

Javanese Narrow-headed Softshell Turtle

Indonesia (Java)

Chitra selenkae † Jaekel 1911:80 (nomen suppressum,

ICZN 2005b) [Pleistocene, Pithecanthropus Trinil

Beds, Indonesia (Java)]

Chitra chitra javanensis McCord and Pritchard

2003:41

Chitra indica (Gray 1830e)

(10:7)

Indian Narrow-headed Softshell Turtle

Bangladesh, India (Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh,

Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar

Pradesh, West Bengal), Nepal, Pakistan

CBFTT Account: Das and Singh 2009

IUCN: Endangered A1cd+2cd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Chitra spp.

Trionyx indicus Gray 1830e:18

(10:7)

, Trionyx egyptia-

cus indicus, Trionyx aegyptiacus indica, Chitra

indica, Gymnopus indicus, Trionyx aegyptianus

indicus, Aspidonectes indicus

Testudo chitra Buchanan-Hamilton in Gray 1831d:47

(nomen nudum)

Gymnopus lineatus Duméril and Bibron 1835:491,

Trionyx lineatus

Chitra vandijki McCord and Pritchard 2003

Burmese Narrow-headed Softshell Turtle

Myanmar, Thailand

CBFTT Account: Platt, Platt, Win Ko Ko, and Rainwa-

ter 2014

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix I

Chitra burmanica Jaruthanin 2002:40 (nomen

nudum)

Chitra vandijki McCord and Pritchard 2003:39

416 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

____Dogania Gray 1844

Dogania Gray 1844:49

Sarbieria Gray 1869a:211

Dogania subplana (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809b)

Malayan Softshell Turtle

Brunei, Indonesia (Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra), Malaysia

(East, West), Myanmar, Philippines (Luzon, Mind-

anao, Mindoro, Palawan), Singapore, Thailand

IUCN: Least Concern (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

CITES: Appendix II

Trionyx subplanus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809b:11,

Gymnopus subplanus, Amyda subplana, Dogania

subplana, Dogania subplanus

Trionyx frenatus Gray 1856b:67, Potamochelys

frenatus, Sarbieria frenata

Dogania guentheri Gray 1862c:265, Trionyx

guentheri

Trionyx dillwynii Gray 1873c:306

Trionyx vertebralis Strauch 1890:113

Trionyx pecki Bartlett 1895a:30

____Nilssonia Gray 1872a

(07:80, 11:15)

Nilssonia Gray 1872a:332

Isola Gray 1873g:51

Aspideretes Hay 1904:274

Nilssonia formosa (Gray 1869a)

Burmese Peacock Softshell Turtle

China (?) (Yunnan [?]), Myanmar, Thailand (?)

IUCN: Endangered A1cd+2d, B1+2c (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II

Trionyx formosus Gray 1869a:217, Nilssonia for-

mosa, Aspidonectes formosus, Isola formosa, Tri-

onyx formosa, Amyda formosus, Amyda formosa

Trionyx peguensis Gray 1870c:99, Isola peguensis

Trionyx grayii Theobald 1875:176

Nilssonia gangetica (Cuvier 1825)

(12:38)

Indian Softshell Turtle

Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India (Bihar, Gujarat, Jammu,

Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar

Pradesh), Nepal, Pakistan

IUCN: Vulnerable A1d+2d (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

CITES: Appendix I, as Aspideretes gangeticus

Trionyx gangeticus Cuvier 1825:186, Aspidonectes

gangeticus, Tyrse gangetica, Isola gangetica, As-

pideretes gangeticus, Trionyx gangeticus, Amyda

gangetica, Nilssonia gangetica

Trionyx javanicus Gray 1830e:19

(10:7)

(partim, junior

homonym), Tyrse javanica

Gymnopus duvaucelii Duméril and Bibron 1835:487

(partim, nomen novum)

Trionyx gangeticus mahanaddicus Annandale

1912b:262

Nilssonia hurum (Gray 1830e)

(10:7)

Indian Peacock Softshell Turtle

Bangladesh, India (Assam, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh,

Orissa, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal),

Nepal, Pakistan

CBFTT Account: Das, Basu, and Singh 2010

IUCN: Vulnerable A1cd+2d (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

CITES: Appendix I, as Aspideretes hurum

Trionyx occellatus Gray 1830d:pl.78 (nomen

oblitum)

Trionyx hurum Gray 1830e:18

(10:7)

, Isola hurum,

Aspideretes hurum, Aspidonectes hurum, Tyrse

hurum, Amyda hurum, Nilssonia hurum

Testudo chim Buchanan-Hamilton in Gray 1831d:47

(nomen nudum)

Trionyx ocellatus Gray 1832a:directions (nomen

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 417

novum and junior homonym), Gymnopus

ocellatus

Gymnopus duvaucelii Duméril and Bibron 1835:487

(partim, nomen novum)

Trionyx sewaare Gray 1872a:336

Trionyx bellii Gray 1872a:337

Trionyx buchanani Theobald 1874:78

Trionyx hurum sivalensis † Lydekker 1889:9 [Late

Pliocene to Early Pleistocene, Siwaliks, India

(Punjab)], Trionyx sivalensis

Nilssonia leithii (Gray 1872a)

Leith’s Softshell Turtle

India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya

Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil Nadu)

CBFTT Account: Das, Sirsi, Vasudevan, and Murthy 2014

IUCN: Vulnerable A1c (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II

Trionyx javanicus Gray 1830e:19

(10:7)

(partim, junior

homonym), Tyrse javanica

Testudo gotaghol Buchanan-Hamilton in Gray

1831d:48 (nomen nudum)

Trionyx leithii Gray 1872a:334, Isola leithii, Aspider-

etes leithii, Amyda leithii, Nilssonia leithii

Aspilus gataghol Gray 1872a:339

Trionyx sulcifrons Annandale 1915b:341

Nilssonia nigricans (Anderson 1875)

(07:81)

Black Softshell Turtle, Bostami Softshell

Bangladesh, India (Assam)

IUCN: Extinct in the Wild (2002)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix I, as Aspideretes nigricans

Trionyx nigricans Anderson 1875:284, Amyda nigri-

cans, Aspideretes nigricans, Nilssonia nigricans

____Palea Meylan 1987

Palea Meylan 1987:77

Palea steindachneri (Siebenrock 1906a)

Wattle-necked Softshell Turtle

China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yun-

nan), Laos, Vietnam

Introduced: Mauritius, USA (Hawaii [Kauai, Oahu])

IUCN: Endangered A1cd+2cd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

CITES: Appendix II

Aspidonectes californiana Rivers 1889:233 (no-

men suppressum, ICZN 1982), Pelodiscus

californianus

Trionyx steindachneri Siebenrock 1906a:578

(nomen conservandum, ICZN 1982), Amyda

steindachneri, Palea steindachneri, Pelodiscus

steindachneri

____Pelochelys Gray 1864b

Pelochelys Gray 1864b:89

Pelochelys bibroni (Owen 1853)

New Guinea Giant Softshell Turtle

Indonesia (Papua), Papua New Guinea (Southern)

IUCN: Vulnerable A1cd+2cd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix II, as Pelochelys spp.

Trionyx (Gymnopus) bibroni Owen 1853:185, Tri-

onyx bibroni, Pelochelys bibroni

418 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Pelochelys cantorii Gray 1864b

Asian Giant Softshell Turtle, Cantor’s Giant Softshell Turtle

Bangladesh, Cambodia, China (Anhui [extirpated], Fu-

jian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi,

Yunnan, Zhejiang), India (Kerala, Orissa, Tamil

Nadu, West Bengal), Indonesia (Java, Kalimantan,

Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia (East, West), Myanmar,

Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao), Singapore (extir-

pated), Thailand, Vietnam

CBFTT Account: Das 2008

IUCN: Endangered A1cd+2cd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Pelochelys spp.

Pelochelys cantorii Gray 1864b:90

Pelochelys cumingii Gray 1864b:90, Chitra indica

cumingii

Pelochelys cantoris Boulenger 1889:ix (nomen

novum)

Pelochelys poljakowii Strauch 1890:118

Chitra minor † Jaekel 1911:80 [Pleistocene, Pith-

ecanthropus Trinil Beds, Indonesia (Java)]

Pelochelys signifera Webb 2003

Northern New Guinea Softshell Turtle

Indonesia (Papua), Papua New Guinea (Northern)

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

CITES: Appendix II, as Pelochelys spp.

Pelochelys signifera Webb 2003:100

____Pelodiscus Fitzinger 1835

(07:82, 10:32, 11:16)

Pelodiscus Fitzinger 1835:110

Landemania Gray 1869a:211

Psilognathus Heude 1880:24

Temnognathus Heude 1880:25

Gomphopelta Heude 1880:27

Coelognathus Heude 1880 :29

Tortisternum Heude 1880:31

Ceramopelta Heude 1880:33

Coptopelta Heude 1880:34

Cinctisternum Heude 1880:36

Pelodiscus axenaria (Zhou, Zhang, and Fang 1991)

(10:32, 11:16)

Hunan Softshell Turtle

China (Guangxi, Hunan)

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

CITES: Appendix II

Trionyx axenaria Zhou, Zhang, and Fang 1991:382,

Pelodiscus axenaria, Pelodiscus axenarius

Pelodiscus maackii (Brandt 1857)

(10:32, 11:16)

Northern Chinese Softshell Turtle

China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Monggu),

North Korea, Russia (Amurskaya, Khabarovskiy,

Primorskiy, Yevreyskaya), South Korea

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

CITES: Appendix II

Trionyx maackii Brandt 1857:110, Amyda maackii,

Pelodiscus maackii

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 419

Pelodiscus parviformis Tang 1997

(10:32, 11:16)

Lesser Chinese Softshell Turtle

China (Guangxi, Hunan), Vietnam

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

CITES: Appendix II

Pelodiscus parviformis Tang 1997:13

Pelodiscus sinensis (Wiegmann 1835)

(10:32, 11:16) (30)

Chinese Softshell Turtle

China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi,

Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei,

Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi,

Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Japan (Honshu, Kyoshu,

Shikoku), Taiwan

Introduced: Brazil (Pará), Guam, Indonesia (Kalimantan,

Sumatra, Timor), Japan (Bonin Islands, Ryukyu Ar-

chipelago), Malaysia (East, West), Northern Mariana

Islands, Philippines (Bohol, Cebu, Latvia, Leyte, Lu-

zon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Panay), Singapore, South

Korea, Spain, Thailand, Timor-Leste, USA (Hawaii

[Kauai, Oahu]), Vietnam

IUCN: Vulnerable A1d+2d (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable or Endangered

Testudo rostrata Thunberg 1787:179 (nomen sup-

pressum, ICZN 1991), Emydes rostrata

Testudo striata Suckow 1798:37 (partim, nomen

novum)

Testudo semimembranacea Hermann 1804:219 (no-

men suppressum, ICZN 1963)

Trionyx stellatus var. Japon Temminck and Schlegel

1834:pls.5,7

(10:18) (30)

(invalid vernacular name)

Trionyx (Aspidonectes) sinensis Wiegmann 1835:189

(nomen conservandum, ICZN 1963, 1991), Tri-

onyx sinensis, Pelodiscus sinensis, Tyrse sinensis,

Amyda sinensis, Trionyx sinensis sinensis, Amyda

sinensis sinensis, Pelodiscus sinensis sinensis

Trionyx japonica Temminck and Schlegel 1838:139

(30)

Amyda japonica, Pelodiscus sinensis japonicus

Trionyx tuberculatus Cantor 1842:482, Potamochelys

tuberculatus, Amyda tuberculata, Trionyx sinen-

sis tuberculatus, Amyda sinensis tuberculata,

Pelodiscus sinensis tuberculatus

Tyrse perocellata Gray 1844:48, Trionyx perocel-

latus, Potamochelys perocellatus, Landemania

perocellata, Gymnopus perocellatus

Trionyx schlegelii Brandt 1857:111, Amyda schlegelii

Landemania irrorata Gray 1869a:216

Trionyx peroculatus Günther in Gray 1869a:216 (no-

men nudum)

Gymnopus simonii David 1875:214 (nomen nudum)

Psilognathus laevis Heude 1880:24

Temnognathus mordax Heude 1880:26

Gomphopelta ofcinae Heude 1880:27

Coelognathus novemcostatus Heude 1880:29

Tortisternum novemcostatum Heude 1880:31

Ceramopelta latirostris Heude 1880:33

Coptopelta septemcostata Heude 1880:35

Cinctisternum bicinctum Heude 1880:37

Trionyx cartilagineus newtoni Ferreira 1897:114,

Trionyx sinensis newtoni

Amyda schlegelii haseri Pavlov 1932:27

Amyda schlegelii licenti Pavlov 1932:28

Amyda schlegelii laoshanica Pavlov 1933:3

____Rafetus Gray 1864b

Rafetus Gray 1864b:81

Oscaria Gray 1873f:157 (junior homonym)

Yuen Heude 1880:18

Rafetus euphraticus (Daudin 1801)

Euphrates Softshell Turtle

Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey

IUCN: Endangered A1ac+2c (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

Testudo euphratica Daudin 1801:305, Trionyx

euphraticus, Gymnopus euphraticus, Rafetus

euphraticus, Pelodiscus euphraticus, Amyda

euphratica, Tyrse euphratica

Testudo rafcht Olivier 1807:328

Testudo rascht Gray 1830e:19 (nomen novum)

Tyrse rafeht Gray 1844:65 (nomen novum), Trionyx

rafeht

420 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Rafetus swinhoei (Gray 1873f)

(07:83, 10:33, 11:17)

Red River Giant Softshell Turtle, Yangtze Giant Softshell

Turtle, Swinhoe’s Softshell Turtle

China (Anhui [?, extirpated?], Jiangsu [?, extirpated?],

Yunnan, Zhejiang [?, extirpated?]), Vietnam

IUCN: Critically Endangered A1cd+2cd (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II

Oscaria swinhoei Gray 1873f:157, Pelodiscus swin-

hoei, Trionyx swinhoei, Amyda swinhoei, Rafetus

swinhoei

Yuen leprosus Heude 1880:20

Yuen maculatus Heude 1880:22, Pelochelys maculatus

Yuen elegans Heude 1880:23

Yuen viridis Heude 1880:23

Yuen pallens Heude 1880:23

Trionyx swinhonis Boulenger 1889:ix (nomen novum)

Pelochelys taihuensis † Zhang 1984:71 [Holocene,

Neolithic, subfossil, China (Zhejiang)]

Trionyx liupani † Tao 1986:28 [Late Pleistocene,

Taiwan]

Rafetus hoankiemensis Ha 1995:4 (nomen nudum)

Rafetus hoguomensis Ha 1995:4 (nomen nudum)

Rafetus leloii Ha 2000:104

(11:17)

Rafetus vietnamensis Le, Le, Tran, Phan, Phan, Tran,

Pham, Nguyen, Nong, Phan, Dinh, Truong, and

Ha 2010:950

(10:33, 11:17)

____Trionyx Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809a

Trionyx Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809a:363

Aspidonectes Wagler 1830b:134

Gymnopus Duméril and Bibron 1835:472

Gymnopodus Duméril and Bibron 1835:484 (nomen

novum)

Tyrse Gray 1844:47

Fordia Gray 1869a:219

Trionyx triunguis (Forskål 1775)

(10:29, 11:18)

African Softshell Turtle, Nile Softshell Turtle

Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Chad, Congo (DRC), Congo

(ROC), Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia,

Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Is-

rael, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lebanon, Liberia, Maurita-

nia, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone,

Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, Togo,

Turkey, Uganda

Mediterranean subpopulation: Egypt (extirpated), Israel,

Lebanon, Syria, Turkey

IUCN: Global: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]; Medi-

terranean subpopulation: Critically Endangered C2a

(1996)

TFTSG Draft 2013: Vulnerable

Testudo triunguis Forskål 1775:ix

(10:29)

, Amyda

triunguis, Trionyx triunguis, Pelodiscus triunguis,

Aspidonectes triunguis, Tyrse triunguis, Amyda

triunguis triunguis

Testudo striata Suckow 1798:37 (partim, nomen

novum)

Trionyx egyptiacus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809a:366

Trionyx aegyptiacus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809b:12

(nomen novum), Aspidonectes aegyptiacus, Gym-

nopodus aegyptiacus, Gymnopus aegyptiacus

Trionyx niloticus Gray 1831d:46 (nomen novum),

Tyrse nilotica

Trionyx (Pelodiscus) labiatus Fitzinger 1835:127,

Trionyx labiatus, Pelodiscus labiatus

Trionyx mortoni Hallowell 1844:120

Aspidonectes aspilus Cope 1860:295, Gymnopus

aspilus

Fordia africana Gray 1869a:219

Trionyx triunguis rudolanus Deraniyagala 1948:30,

Amyda triunguis rudolanus

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 421

• pleuroDira Cope 1864

(08:20)

Pleurodères Duméril and Bibron 1834:354

Pleurodera Lichtenstein 1856:2

(08:20)

Pleurodera Cope 1864:181

Pleurodira Cope 1865:186

__cheliDae Gray 1825

(12:39)

Chelides Cuvier 1816:14

Chelydes Schmid 1819:17

Chelidina Gray 1825:211

Chelydoidea Fitzinger 1826:7

Chelydae Gray 1831d:7

Chelydidae Gray 1831d:37

Hydraspidina Bonaparte 1836:3 (partim)

Chelina Bonaparte 1836:4

Hydraspididae Agassiz 1857a:249

Chelyidae Baur 1893a:211

Chelodinidae Baur 1893a:211

Hydromedusidae Baur 1893a:211

Rhinemydidae Baur 1893a:212

Chelidae Lindholm 1929:289

___chelinae Gray 1825

(12:39)

Chelides Cuvier 1816:14

Chelydes Schmid 1819:17

Chelidina Gray 1825:211

Chelina Bonaparte 1831:63

Chelidinae Georges, Birrell, Saint, McCord, and

Donnellan 1998:235

Chelinae Turtle Taxonomy Working Group 2012:289

____Acanthochelys Gray 1873c

(39)

Acanthochelys Gray 1873c:305

Acanthochelys macrocephala (Rhodin, Mittermeier, and

McMorris 1984)

(07:84)

Pantanal Swamp Turtle, Big-headed Pantanal Swamp Turtle

Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso

do Sul), Paraguay

CBFTT Account: Rhodin, Métrailler, Vinke, Vinke,

Artner, and Mittermeier 2009

IUCN: Near Threatened (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2012: Near Threatened or Least Concern

Phrynops schoepfi Fitzinger in Siebenrock

1904b:27 (nomen nudum, partim)

Platemys macrocephala Rhodin, Mittermeier, and

McMorris 1984:38, Acanthochelys macrocephala

Phrynops chacoensis Fritz and Pauler 1992:299

(07:84)

, Acanthochelys chacoensis, Mesoclemmys

chacoensis

Acanthochelys pallidipectoris (Freiberg 1945)

Chaco Side-necked Turtle

Argentina (Chaco, Formosa, Salta, Santa Fe), Bolivia

(Tarija), Paraguay

Introduced: Argentina (Mendoza)

CBFTT Account: Vinke, Vinke, Richard, Cabrera,

Paszko, Marano, and Métrailler 2011

IUCN: Vulnerable A1c, D1 (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

Platemys pallidipectoris Freiberg 1945:19, Acantho-

chelys pallidipectoris

Acanthochelys radiolata (Mikan 1820)

(39)

Brazilian Radiolated Swamp Turtle

Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso,

Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Sergipe)

IUCN: Near Threatened (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

Emys radiolata Mikan 1820:[unpaginated], Chelo-

dina radiolata, Rhinemys radiolata, Chelys (Hy-

draspis) radiolata, Chelys radiolata, Hydraspis

radiolata, Platemys radiolata, Platemys radiolata

radiolata, Acanthochelys radiolata

Platemys gaudichaudii Duméril and Bibron 1835:427,

Hydraspis gaudichaudii

Platemys werneri Schnee 1900:463

Platemys radiolata quadrisquamosa Luederwaldt

1926:437, Platemys quadrisquamosa

422 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Acanthochelys spixii (Duméril and Bibron 1835)

Black Spiny-necked Turtle, Spix’s Sideneck Turtle

Argentina (Corrientes, Mendoza), Brazil (Bahia, Goiás,

Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa

Catarina, São Paulo), Paraguay (?), Uruguay

IUCN: Near Threatened (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Near Threatened

Emys depressa Spix 1824:4 (junior homonym)

Emys aspera Gray 1830e:16

(10:7)

(nomen dubium et

oblitum)

Platemys spixii Duméril and Bibron 1835:409,

Hydraspis spixii, Acanthochelys spixii, Platemys

radiolata spixii

____Chelus Duméril 1805

(10:11)

Chelus Duméril 1805:76

(10:11)

Chelys Oppel 1811:6 (nomen novum)

Chelyda Ranesque 1815:75 (nomen novum)

Matamata Merrem 1820:21 (nomen novum)

Chelus mbriata (Schneider 1783)

Matamata Turtle

Bolivia (Beni, Pando, Santa Cruz), Brazil (Amapá, Ama-

zonas, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima,

Tocantins), Colombia (Amazonas, Arauca, Caquetá,

Casanare, Guainía, Meta, Putumayo, Vaupés, Vicha-

da), Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru (Loreto,

Ucayali), Suriname, Trinidad, Venezuela (Amazonas,

Anzoátegui, Apure, Barinas, Bolívar, Cojedes, Delta

Amacuro, Guárico, Monagas, Sucre, Zulia [?])

CBFTT Account: Pritchard 2008

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

Testudo terrestris Fermin 1765:51 (nomen suppres-

sum, ICZN 1963)

Testudo mbriata Schneider 1783:349 (nomen

conservandum, ICZN 1963), Chelus mbriata,

Chelys mbriata, Matamata mbriata, Chelus

mbriatus

Testudo mbria Gmelin 1789:1043 (nomen novum)

Testudo matamata Bruguière 1792:257, Emydes

matamata, Chelus matamata, Chelys matamata

Testudo bispinosa Ruiz de Xelva in Daudin 1801:94,

Chelys bispinosa, Matamata bispinosa

Testudo rapara Gray 1831d:44 (nomen nudum)

Testudo raparara Gray 1844:44 (nomen nudum)

Chelys boulengerii Baur 1890b:968

____Mesoclemmys Gray 1873c

(07:100)

Mesoclemmys Gray 1873c:305

Batrachemys Stejneger 1909:126

Bufocephala McCord, Joseph-Ouni, and Lamar

2001:732

Ranacephala McCord, Joseph-Ouni, and Lamar

2001:732

Mesoclemmys dahli (Zangerl and Medem 1958)

(12:40)

Dahl’s Toad-headed Turtle

Colombia (Atlántico, Bolívar, Cesar, Córdoba, Magda-

lena, Sucre)

CBFTT Account: Forero-Medina, Castaño-Mora,

Cárdenas-Arevalo, and Medina-Rangel 2013

IUCN: Critically Endangered B1+2c (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

Phrynops (Batrachemys) dahli Zangerl and Medem

1958:376, Phrynops dahli, Batrachemys dahli,

Phrynops nasutus dahli, Mesoclemmys dahli

Mesoclemmys gibba (Schweigger 1812)

Gibba Turtle

Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso,

Pará, Roraima, Tocantins), Colombia (Amazonas,

Arauca, Caquetá, Casanare, Guainía, Guaviare,

Meta, Putumayo, Vaupés, Vichada), Ecuador, French

Guiana, Guyana, Peru (Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de

Dios, Puno, Ucayali), Suriname, Trinidad, Venezuela

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 423

(Amazonas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Monagas)

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

Emys gibba Schweigger 1812:299, Rhinemys gibba,

Hydraspis cayennensis gibba, Platemys gibba,

Hydraspis (Podocnemis) gibba, Hydraspis gibba,

Phrynops gibbus, Mesoclemmys gibba, Phrynops

(Mesoclemmys) gibba, Mesoclemmys gibbus

Emys stenops Spix 1824:12, Hydraspis stenops

Platemys miliusii Duméril and Bibron 1835:431,

Phrynops miliusii, Hydraspis miliusii

Hydraspis gordoni Gray 1868:563

Hydraspis bicolor Gray 1873c:304

Mesoclemmys heliostemma (McCord, Joseph-Ouni, and

Lamar 2001)

(07:101, 12:41)

Yellow-crowned Toad-headed Turtle

Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia,

Roraima), Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Guainía,

Putumayo, Vaupés), Ecuador, Peru (Loreto), Venezu-

ela (Amazonas)

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

Batrachemys heliostemma McCord, Joseph-Ouni,

and Lamar 2001:734, Mesoclemmys heliostemma

Mesoclemmys hogei (Mertens 1967)

Hoge’s Side-necked Turtle

Brazil (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São

Paulo?)

IUCN: Endangered B1+2c (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

Phrynops hogei Mertens 1967:73, Mesoclemmys

hogei, Ranacephala hogei

Mesoclemmys nasuta (Schweigger 1812)

Guyanan Toad-headed Turtle

Brazil (Amapá), French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

Emys nasuta Schweigger 1812:298, Rhinemys

nasuta, Hydraspis (Rhinemys) nasuta, Hydraspis

nasuta, Platemys nasuta, Batrachemys nasuta,

Phrynops (Batrachemys) nasuta, Phrynops

nasuta, Phrynops nasutus, Phrynops nasutus

nasutus, Phrynops nasuta nasuta, Batrachemys

nasutus, Mesoclemmys nasuta

Emys barbatula Gravenhorst 1829:15, Hydraspis

barbatula

Platemys schweiggerii Duméril and Bibron 1835:435

(nomen novum)

Hydraspis maculata Gray 1873c:305

Phrynops walbaumi Fitzinger in Siebenrock

1904b:20 (nomen nudum)

Mesoclemmys perplexa Bour and Zaher 2005

Cerrado Side-necked Turtle

Brazil (Ceará, Goiás, Piauí)

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

Mesoclemmys perplexa Bour and Zaher 2005:298

424 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Mesoclemmys raniceps (Gray 1856b)

(12:41)

Amazon Toad-headed Turtle

Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso,

Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia (Amazonas,

Caquetá, Guainía, Putumayo, Vaupés), Ecuador, Peru

(Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Ucayali), Venezuela

(Amazonas)

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

Hydraspis raniceps Gray 1856b:55, Platemys rani-

ceps, Phrynops raniceps, Batrachemys raniceps,

Batrachemys raniceps raniceps, Mesoclemmys

raniceps

Phrynops wermuthi Mertens 1969b:132, Phrynops

tuberculatus wermuthi, Phrynops (Batrachemys)

nasutus wermuthi, Phrynops nasutus wermuthi,

Phrynops nasuta wermuthi, Batrachemys rani-

ceps wermuthi

Mesoclemmys tuberculata (Luederwaldt 1926)

Tuberculate Toad-headed Turtle

Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Goiás, Maranhão, Per-

nambuco, Piauí, Sergipe)

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

Rhinemys tuberculata Luederwaldt 1926:428, Ba-

trachemys tuberculata, Phrynops (Batrachemys)

tuberculata, Phrynops tuberculata, Phrynops

(Batrachemys) tuberculatus, Phrynops tuber-

culatus, Phrynops tuberculatus tuberculatus,

Mesoclemmys tuberculata

Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei (Bour 1973)

Vanderhaege’s Toad-headed Turtle

Argentina (Corrientes, Formosa, Misiones), Bolivia, Bra-

zil (Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas

Gerais, Paraná, São Paulo, Tocantins), Paraguay

IUCN: Near Threatened (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2012: Data Decient or Near Threatened

Phrynops schöpi Fitzinger in Diesing 1839:237

(nomen nudum)

Phrynops schoepfi Fitzinger in Siebenrock 1904b:22

(nomen nudum, partim)

Phrynops paraguayensis Vanzolini in Donoso-Barros

1965:13 (nomen nudum)

Phrynops tuberculatus vanderhaegei Bour 1973:175,

Phrynops (Batrachemys) vanderhaegei, Phry-

nops vanderhaegei, Batrachemys vanderhaegei,

Bufocephala vanderhaegei, Mesoclemmys

vanderhaegei

Mesoclemmys zuliae (Pritchard and Trebbau 1984)

(12:40)

Zulia Toad-headed Turtle

Colombia (?) (Norte de Santander), Venezuela (Zulia)

IUCN: Vulnerable B1+2c (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

Phrynops (Batrachemys) zuliae Pritchard and

Trebbau 1984:4, Phrynops zuliae, Batrachemys

zuliae, Mesoclemmys zuliae

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 425

____Phrynops Wagler 1830b

(07:100)

Phrynops Wagler 1830b:135

Spatulemys Gray 1872b:463

Parahydraspis Wieland 1923:2

Phrynops geoffroanus (Schweigger 1812)

(10:44) (40)

Geoffroy’s Side-necked Turtle

Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones), Bolivia (Beni), Brazil

(Acre?, Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará,

Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato

Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná,

Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do

Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa

Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe?, Tocantins?), Colombia

(Amazonas, Caquetá, Casanare, Guainía, Meta, Pu-

tumayo, Vaupés, Vichada), Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru

(Cusco, Huanuco, Junin, Loreto, Madre de Dios,

Pasco)

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

Emys geoffroana Schweigger 1812:302, Chelodina

geoffroana, Phrynops geoffroanus, Platemys

geoffroana, Hydraspis (Phrynops) geoffroana,

Hydraspis geoffroana, Phrynops geoffroana,

Rhinemys geoffroana, Phrynops geoffroana geof-

froana, Phrynops geoffroanus geoffroanus

Emys depressa Merrem 1820:22 (senior homonym),

Chelys (Hydraspis) depressa, Chelys depressa,

Hydraspis depressa, Platemys depressa

Emys viridis Spix 1824:3, Chelys (Hydraspis) viridis,

Chelys viridis, Hydraspis viridis

Emys tritentaculata Saint-Hilaire in Cuvier 1829:11

(nomen nudum et dubium)

(40)

Emys geoffroyana Gray 1830e:16 (nomen novum),

Phrynops geoffroyana, Hydraspis geoffroyana,

Platemys geoffroyana

Platemys geoffreana Duméril and Bibron 1835:418

(nomen novum)

Platemys waglerii Duméril and Bibron 1835:422,

Hydraspis waglerii, Phrynops waglerii

Platemys neuwiedii Duméril and Biborn 1835:425

(nomen novum)

Hydraspis boulengeri Bohls 1895:53

Parahydraspis paranaensis † Wieland 1923:6 [Plio-

cene or Pleistocene, Argentina]

Hydraspis lutzi Ihering in Luederwaldt 1926:441,

Phrynops lutzi

Phrynops hilarii (Duméril and Bibron 1835)

Saint-Hilaire’s Side-necked Turtle

Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Córdoba, Corrientes,

Entre Rios, Formosa, Mendoza, Misiones, San Juan,

Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán), Brazil

(Paraná (?), Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina),

Paraguay, Uruguay

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

Platemys hilarii Duméril and Bibron 1835:428,

Hydraspis hilarii, Hydraspis geoffroyana hilarii,

Phrynops hilarii, Phrynops geoffroana hilarii,

Phrynops geoffroanus hilarii

Hydraspis hilairii Gray 1844:40 (nomen novum),

Platemys hilairii, Phrynops (Phrynops) geoffroa-

nus hilairii, Phrynops geoffroanus hilairii

Spatulemys lasalae Gray 1872b:463

Phrynops tuberosus (Peters 1870)

(10:44)

Guianan Shield Side-necked Turtle

Brazil (Roraima), Guyana, Venezuela (Bolívar)

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

Platemys tuberosa Peters 1870:311, Hydraspis tu-

berosa, Phrynops tuberosa, Phrynops geoffroana

tuberosa, Phrynops geoffroanus tuberosus, Phry-

nops (Phrynops) tuberosus, Phrynops tuberosus

426 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Phrynops williamsi Rhodin and Mittermeier 1983

Williams’ Side-necked Turtle

Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones), Brazil (Paraná, Rio

Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina), Paraguay, Uruguay

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

Phrynops williamsi Rhodin and Mittermeier 1983:58

____Platemys Wagler 1830b

(39)

Platemys Wagler 1830b:135

Platemys platycephala (Schneider 1792)

(41)

Twist-necked Turtle

Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba), Brazil (Acre, Amapá?,

Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Roraima),

Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Guainía, Guaviare,

Meta, Putumayo, Vaupés, Vichada), Ecuador, French

Guiana, Guyana, Peru (Amazonas, Huánuco, Loreto,

Madre de Dios, Puno, Ucayali), Suriname, Venezuela

(Amazonas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Monagas)

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

P. p. platycephala (Schneider 1792)

Eastern Twist-necked Turtle, Common Twist-necked Turtle

Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba), Brazil (Acre, Amapá?,

Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Roraima),

Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Putumayo, Vaupés),

French Guiana, Guyana, Peru (Huánuco, Loreto,

Madre de Dios, Puno, Ucayali), Suriname, Venezuela

(Amazonas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Monagas)

Testudo platycephala Schneider 1792:261, Platemys

platycephala, Platemys platycephala platycephala

Testudo planiceps Schneider 1792:pl.7 (senior hom-

onym), Emys planiceps, Hydraspis planiceps,

Clemmys planiceps, Platemys planiceps, Chelys

(Hydraspis) planiceps, Chelys planiceps

Testudo martinella Daudin 1802:377, Platemys

martinella

Emys discolor Thunberg in Schweigger 1812:302,

Hydraspis (Phrynops) discolor, Hydraspis

discolor

Emys canaliculata Spix 1824:10, Hydraspis cana-

liculata, Platemys canaliculata

Emys carunculata Saint-Hilaire in Cuvier 1829:11

(nomen nudum et dubium)

(41)

Emys constricta Cuvier in Gray 1830e:17 (nomen

nudum)

Hydraspis pachyura Boie in Gray 1830e:17 (nomen

nudum), Emys pachyura

Hydraspis constricta Gray 1831d:43

P. p. melanonota Ernst 1984

Black-backed Twist-necked Turtle

Ecuador, Peru (Amazonas, Loreto)

Platemys platycephala melanonota Ernst 1984:347

____Rhinemys Wagler 1830b

(07:100)

Rhinemys Wagler 1830b:134

Rhinemys rupes (Spix 1824)

Red Side-necked Turtle, Red-footed Sideneck Turtle

Brazil (Amazonas, Pará), Colombia (Amazonas, Guainía,

Vaupés), Peru (?) (Loreto), Venezuela (?) (Amazonas)

IUCN: Near Threatened (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

Emys rupes Spix 1824:7, Hydraspis rupes, Rhine-

mys rupes, Chelys (Hydraspis) rupes, Chelys

rupes, Platemys rupes, Phrynops rupes

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 427

___hyDromeDusinae Baur 1893a

(12:39)

Hydromedusidae Baur 1893a:211

Hydromedusinae Georges, Birrell, Saint, McCord,

and Donnellan 1998:235

____Hydromedusa Wagler 1830b

Hydromedusa Wagler 1830b:135

Chelomedusa Gray 1873c:303

Hydromedusa maximiliani (Mikan 1825)

Brazilian Snake-necked Turtle, Maximilian’s Snake-

necked Turtle

Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás [?], Minas Gerais,

Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo)

CBFTT Account: Souza and Martins 2009

IUCN: Vulnerable B1+2cd (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Near Threatened

Emys maximiliani Mikan 1825:[unpaginated], Che-

lodina maximiliani, Hydromedusa maximiliani,

Hydraspis maximiliani

Emys maximiliana Gray 1830e:17 (nomen novum),

Hydromedusa maximiliana

Chelodina avilabris Duméril and Bibron 1835:446,

Hydromedusa avilabris

Hydromedusa subdepressa Gray 1854a:134

Hydromedusa depressa Gray 1856b:60 (nomen

novum)

Hydromedusa bankae Giebel 1866b:19

Hydromedusa tectifera Cope 1870a

South American Snake-necked Turtle

Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Córdoba, Corrientes,

Entre Rios, Formosa, Misiones, Santa Fe, Santiago

del Estero), Brazil (Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Ja-

neiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo),

Paraguay, Uruguay

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

Hydromedusa tectifera Cope 1870a:147

Hydromedusa platanensis Gray 1873c:302, Hydro-

medusa platensis

Platemys antiqua † Ameghino 1882:41 (nomen

nudum) [Pleistocene or Holocene, Argentina

(Buenos Aires)]

Platemys fossilis † Ameghino 1882:41 (nomen

nudum) [Pleistocene or Holocene, Argentina

(Buenos Aires)]

Platemys laevis † Ameghino 1882:41 (nomen

nudum) [Pleistocene or Holocene, Argentina

(Buenos Aires)]

Platemys robusta † Ameghino 1882:41 (nomen

nudum) [Pleistocene or Holocene, Argentina

(Buenos Aires)]

Hydromedusa wagleri Günther 1884:423

___cheloDininae Baur 1893a

(12:39)

Chelodinidae Baur 1893a:211

Chelodininae Georges, Birrell, Saint, McCord, and

Donnellan 1998:235

____Chelodina Fitzinger 1826

(07:85, 08:2, 10:34)

Chelodina Fitzinger 1826:6

Hydraspis Bell 1828b:512

Chelyodina Agassiz 1846:79 (nomen novum)

Hesperochelodina Wells and Wellington 1985:9 (no-

men nudum)

Macrochelodina Wells and Wellington 1985:9

Macrodiremys McCord and Joseph-Ouni 2007b:57

______Chelodina (Chelodina) Fitzinger 1826

(10:34)

Chelodina Fitzinger 1826:6

Hydraspis Bell 1828b:512

Chelyodina Agassiz 1846:79 (nomen novum)

Hesperochelodina Wells and Wellington 1985:9 (no-

men nudum)

Chelodina (Chelodina) canni McCord and Thomson 2002

(07:86)

Cann’s Snake-necked Turtle

Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Near Threatened

Chelodina rankini Wells and Wellington 1985:8 (no-

men nudum)

Chelodina canni McCord and Thomson 2002:256,

Chelodina (Chelodina) canni, Chelodina novae-

guineae canni

Chelodina rankini Wells 2007a:2

(07:86, 10:43)

(unavail-

able name)

428 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Chelodina (Chelodina) gunaleni McCord and Joseph-Ouni

2007a

(10:35)

Gunalen’s Snake-necked Turtle

Indonesia (Papua)

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

Chelodina gunaleni McCord and Joseph-Ouni 2007a:48,

Chelodina (Chelodina) gunaleni

Chelodina (Chelodina) longicollis (Shaw 1794)

Eastern Snake-necked Turtle, Common Snake-necked Turtle

Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, South Austra-

lia, Victoria)

Introduced: Australia (Tasmania)

CBFTT Account: Kennett, Roe, Hodges, and Georges 2009

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

Testudo longicollis Shaw 1794:19, Emys longicol-

lis, Chelodina longicollis, Hydraspis longicollis,

Chelys (Chelodina) longicollis, Chelys longicol-

lis, Chelodina longicollis longicollis, Chelodina

(Chelodina) longicollis

Chelodina novaehollandiae Duméril and Bibron

1835:443

Chelodina sulcata Gray 1856a:201, Chelodina longi-

collis sulcata

Chelodina sulcifera Gray 1856b:59 (nomen novum),

Chelodina longicollis sulcifera

Chelodina (Chelodina) mccordi Rhodin 1994b

(10:36)

Roti Island Snake-necked Turtle

Indonesia (Lesser Sundas [Roti]), Timor-Leste

CBFTT Account: Rhodin, Ibarrondo, and Kuchling 2008

IUCN: Critically Endangered A1d, B1+2e (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II

C. (C.) m. mccordi Rhodin 1994b

(10:36)

Western Roti Snake-necked Turtle

Indonesia (Lesser Sundas [Roti])

Chelodina rottiensis Brongersma in Rhodin 1994b:3

(nomen nudum)

Chelodina mccordi Rhodin 1994b:4, Chelodina mc-

cordi mccordi, Chelodina (Chelodina) mccordi,

Chelodina (Chelodina) mccordi mccordi

C. (C.) m. roteensis McCord, Joseph-Ouni, and Hagen

2007b

(07:87, 10:36)

Eastern Roti Snake-necked Turtle

Indonesia (Lesser Sundas [Roti])

Chelodina mccordi roteensis McCord, Joseph-Ouni,

and Hagen 2007b:59, Chelodina (Chelodina)

mccordi roteensis

C. (C.) m. timorensis McCord, Joseph-Ouni, and Hagen

2007a

(07:89, 10:36)

Timor Snake-necked Turtle

Timor-Leste

Chelodina timorensis McCord, Joseph-Ouni, and

Hagen 2007a:54, Chelodina mccordi timorensis,

Chelodina (Chelodina) mccordi timorensis

Chelodina mccordi timorlestensis Kuchling, Rhodin,

Ibarrondo, and Trainor 2007:213

Chelodina (Chelodina) novaeguineae Boulenger 1888b

New Guinea Snake-necked Turtle

Indonesia (Papua), Papua New Guinea (Southern)

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 429

IUCN: Least Concern (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

Chelodina novaeguineae Boulenger 1888b:450, Che-

lodina novaeguineae novaeguineae, Chelodina

(Chelodina) novaeguineae

Chelodina (Chelodina) pritchardi Rhodin 1994a

Pritchard’s Snake-necked Turtle

Papua New Guinea (Southern)

IUCN: Endangered B1+2e (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

Chelodina pritchardi Rhodin 1994a:4, Chelodina

(Chelodina) pritchardi

Chelodina (Chelodina) reimanni Philippen and Grossmann 1990

Reimann’s Snake-necked Turtle

Indonesia (Papua), Papua New Guinea (Southern)

IUCN: Near Threatened (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

Chelodina reimanni Philippen and Grossman

1990:95, Chelodina novaeguineae reimanni,

Chelodina (Chelodina) reimanni

Chelodina (Chelodina) steindachneri Siebenrock 1914

(07:85)

Steindachner’s Snake-necked Turtle

Australia (Western Australia)

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

Chelodina steindachneri Siebenrock 1914:386,

Hesperochelodina steindachneri, Chelodina

(Chelodina) steindachneri

Chelodina millymillyensis Glauert 1923:53

______Chelodina (Macrochelodina) Wells and Wellington 1985

(07:85, 08:2, 10:34)

Macrochelodina Wells and Wellington 1985:9

Chelodina (Macrochelodina) burrungandjii Thomson, Kennett,

and Georges 2000

Arnhem Snake-necked Turtle, Sandstone Snake-necked

Turtle

Australia (Northern Territory)

CBFTT Account: Thomson, Kennett, Tucker, FitzSim-

mons, Featherston, Alacs, and Georges 2011

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

Chelodina burrungandjii Thomson, Kennett, and

Georges 2000:675, Macrochelodina burrungand-

jii, Chelodina (Macrochelodina) burrungandjii

Chelodina (Macrochelodina) expansa Gray 1857

Broad-shelled Snake-necked Turtle

Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, South Austra-

lia, Victoria)

CBFTT Account: Bower and Hodges 2014

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Near Threatened

Chelodina expansa Gray 1857:370, Chelodina

oblonga expansa, Macrochelodina expansa,

Chelodina (Macrochelodina) expansa

430 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Chelodina (Macrochelodina) kuchlingi Cann 1997d

(07:90, 10:37) (42)

Kuchling’s Snake-necked Turtle

Australia (Western Australia)

IUCN: Not Evaluated

Chelodina kuchlingi Cann 1997d:41

(07:90, 10:37) (42)

Macrochelodina kuchlingi, Chelodina (Macro-

chelodina) kuchlingi

Chelodina (Macrochelodina) oblonga Gray 1841

(43)

[formerly C. (M.) rugosa Ogilby 1890]

(07:91, 10:37)

Northern Snake-necked Turtle

Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western

Australia), Indonesia (Papua), Papua New Guinea

(Southern)

CBFTT Account: Kennett, Fordham, Alacs, Corey, and

Georges 2014

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Near Threatened

Chelodina oblonga Gray 1841:446

(43)

(nomen con-

servandum, ICZN 2013a), Chelodina (Macroche-

lodina) oblonga

Chelodina rugosa Ogilby 1890:56

(43)

, Chelodina

oblonga rugosa, Macrochelodina rugosa, Macro-

chelodina rugosa rugosa, Chelodina (Macroche-

lodina) rugosa

Chelodina siebenrocki Werner 1901a:60, Chelodina

oblonga siebenrocki, Macrochelodina siebenrocki,

Macrochelodina rugosa siebenrocki

Chelodina intergularis Fry 1915:88

Macrochelodina billabong Wells and Wellington

1985:9 (nomen nudum), Chelodina billabong

Chelodina (Macrochelodina) parkeri Rhodin and Mitter-

meier 1976

Parker’s Snake-necked Turtle

Indonesia (Papua), Papua New Guinea (Southern)

IUCN: Vulnerable D2 (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Near Threatened

Chelodina parkeri Rhodin and Mittermeier 1976:465,

Macrochelodina parkeri, Chelodina (Macroche-

lodina) parkeri

Chelodina (Macrochelodina) walloyarrina McCord and

Joseph-Ouni 2007b

(08:4, 10:38)

Kimberley Snake-necked Turtle

Australia (Western Australia)

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

Macrochelodina walloyarrina McCord and Joseph-

Ouni 2007b:59, Chelodina (Macrochelodina)

walloyarrina

______Chelodina (Macrodiremys) McCord and Joseph-Ouni 2007b

(10:34,39) (44)

Macrodiremys McCord and Joseph-Ouni 2007b:57

(08:3, 10:39)

Chelodina (Macrodiremys) colliei Gray 1856a

(07:88, 08:3, 10:39) (44)

[formerly C. (M.) oblonga Gray 1841]

(43)

Southwestern Snake-necked Turtle

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 431

Australia (Western Australia)

IUCN: Near Threatened (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Near Threatened

Chelodina oblonga Gray 1841:446

(43)

(misidenti-

ed type), Macrodiremys oblonga, Chelodina

(Macrodiremys) oblonga

Chelodina colliei Gray 1856a:200, Macrodiremys

colliei, Chelodina (Macrodiremys) colliei

____Elseya Gray 1867

(07:92) (45)

Elseya Gray 1867:44

Pelocomastes De Vis 1897:6

Elseya albagula Thomson, Georges, and Limpus 2006

White-throated Snapping Turtle, Southern Snapping Turtle

Australia (Queensland)

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

Elseya albagula Thomson, Georges, and Limpus

2006:75, Elseya dentata albagula

Elseya branderhorsti (Ouwens 1914)

(07:93)

White-bellied Snapping Turtle, Branderhorst’s Snapping

Turtle

Indonesia (Papua), Papua New Guinea (Southern)

IUCN: Vulnerable B1+2e (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

Emydura branderhorsti Ouwens 1914:31, Elseya

branderhorsti

Elseya dentata (Gray 1863a)

Northern Snapping Turtle

Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western

Australia)

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

Chelymys dentata Gray 1863a:98, Podocnemis den-

tata, Elseya dentata, Emydura dentata, Elseya

dentata dentata

Chelymys elseyi Gray 1864d:132 (nomen nudum)

Chelymys elseya Gray 1870c:76 (nomen nudum)

Elseya intermedia Gray 1872c:23

Elseya aviventralis Georges, Doody, Young, and

Cann 2000:7 (nomen nudum)

Elseya jukesi Wells 2007b:5

(07:94, 10:43)

(unavailable

name)

Elseya irwini Cann 1997c

Irwin’s Snapping Turtle

Australia (Queensland)

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

Elseya stirlingi Wells and Wellington 1985:9 (nomen

nudum)

Elseya irwini Cann 1997c:36, Elseya dentata irwini

Elseya stirlingi Wells 2007b:4

(07:96, 10:43)

(unavailable

name)

432 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Elseya lavarackorum (White and Archer 1994)

Riversleigh Snapping Turtle, Gulf Snapping Turtle

Australia (Queensland)

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

Emydura lavarackorum † White and Archer

1994:159 [Pleistocene, Australia (Queensland)],

Elseya lavarackorum, Elseya dentata

lavarackorum

Elseya novaeguineae (Meyer 1874)

(10:40)

(45)

New Guinea Snapping Turtle

Indonesia (Aru Islands, Misool, Papua, Waigeo); Papua

New Guinea (Southern)

Introduced: Palau (Babeldaob)

IUCN: Least Concern (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

Platemys novaeguineae Meyer 1874:128, Emydura

novaeguineae, Elseya novaeguineae, Elseya

latisternum novaeguineae, Elseya dentata no-

vaeguineae, Elseya novaeguineae novaeguineae,

Myuchelys novaeguineae

Elseya schultzei (Vogt 1911)

(07:95, 10:40) (45)

Schultze’s Snapping Turtle

Indonesia (Papua); Papua New Guinea (Northern)

Introduced: Solomon Islands (?) (Malaita)

IUCN: Not Evaluated

Emydura schultzei Vogt 1911:410, Elseya schultzei,

Elseya novaeguineae schultzei

____Elusor Cann and Legler 1994

Elusor Cann and Legler 1994:83

Elusor macrurus Cann and Legler 1994

Mary River Turtle

Australia (Queensland)

IUCN: Endangered B1+2c (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

Elusor macrurus Cann and Legler 1994:83

____Emydura Bonaparte 1836

Emydura Bonaparte 1836:7

Chelymys Gray 1844:42

Euchelymys Gray 1871a:118

Tropicochelymys Wells and Wellington 1985:9

Emydura macquarii (Gray 1830e)

(10:7)

Eastern Short-necked Turtle, Southern River Turtle

Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, South Austra-

lia, Victoria)

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

E. m. macquarii (Gray 1830e)

(07:98, 10:7,41,42)

Macquarie River Turtle

Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, South Aus-

tralia, Victoria)

Emys macquaria Cuvier 1829:11 (nomen nudum)

Chelys (Hydraspis) macquarii Gray 1830e:15

(10:7)

Chelys macquarii, Emys macquarii, Emydura

macquarii, Chelymys macquarii, Emydura mac-

quarii macquarii

Hydraspis macquarrii Gray 1831d:40 (nomen

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 433

novum), Emydura macquarrii, Emydura mac-

quarrii macquarrii

Platemys macquaria Duméril and Bibron 1835:438

(nomen novum), Hydraspis macquaria, Chelymys

macquaria

Hydraspis australis Gray 1841:445

(10:41)

(nomen

dubium), Chelymys australis, Emydura australis,

Emydura australis australis

Euchelymys sulcifera Gray 1871a:118

Emydura macquariae Boulenger 1889:ix (nomen

novum)

Emydura signata Ahl 1932:127

(10:42)

, Emydura

macquarrii signata, Chelymys signata, Emydura

macquarii signata

Emydura canni Worrell 1970:pl.6 (nomen nudum)

Chelymys cooki Wells and Wellington 1985:8 (nomen

nudum), Emydura cooki

Chelymys johncanni Wells and Wellington 1985:8

(nomen nudum)

Emydura macquarii binjing Cann 1998:116

(10:42)

Emydura macquarii dharra Cann 1998:120

(10:42)

Emydura macquarii gunabarra Cann 1998:123

(10:42)

Emydura macquarii dharuk Cann 1998:126

(10:42)

E. m. emmotti Cann, McCord, and Joseph-Ouni in Mc-

Cord, Cann, and Joseph-Ouni 2003

Cooper Creek Turtle

Australia (Queensland)

Chelymys windorah Wells and Wellington 1985:8

(nomen nudum), Emydura windorah

Emydura macquarii emmotti Cann, McCord, and

Joseph-Ouni in McCord, Cann, and Joseph-Ouni

2003:59, Emydura emmotti

E. m. krefftii (Gray 1871b)

Krefft’s River Turtle

Australia (Queensland)

Chelymys krefftii Gray 1871b:366, Emydura krefftii,

Emydura australis krefftii, Emydura macquar-

rii krefftii, Tropicochelymys krefftii, Emydura

macquarii krefftii

Chelymys victoriae marmorata Gray 1872d:506

Chelymys victoriae sulcata Gray 1872d:506

E. m. nigra McCord, Cann, and Joseph-Ouni 2003

Fraser Island Short-necked Turtle

Australia (Queensland)

Tropicochelymys insularis Wells and Wellington

1985:9 (nomen nudum), Emydura insularis

Emydura macquarii nigra McCord, Cann, and

Joseph-Ouni 2003:59, Emydura nigra

Emydura subglobosa (Krefft 1876)

Red-bellied Short-necked Turtle

Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland), Indonesia

(Papua), Papua New Guinea (Southern)

Introduced: Papua New Guinea (New Britain, Northern)

IUCN: Least Concern (2000)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

E. s. subglobosa (Krefft 1876)

New Guinea Red-bellied Short-necked Turtle

Australia (Queensland), Indonesia (Papua), Papua New

Guinea (Southern)

Euchelymys subglobosa Krefft 1876:390, Emydura

subglobosa, Emydura australis subglobosa,

Emydura macquarrii subglobosa, Chelymys sub-

globosa, Tropicochelymys subglobosa, Emydura

subglobosa subglobosa

Emydura albertisii Boulenger 1888b:449, Emydura

australis albertisii

Tropicochelymys goodei Wells and Wellington

1985:9 (nomen nudum), Emydura goodei

E. s. worrelli (Wells and Wellington 1985)

(07:99)

Worrell’s Short-necked Turtle, Diamond-head Turtle

Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)

Tropicochelymys leichhardti Wells and Wellington

1985:9 (nomen nudum)

Tropicochelymys worrelli Wells and Wellington

1985:9, Emydura worrelli, Emydura subglobosa

worrelli

Emydura tanybaraga Cann 1997b

Northern Yellow-faced Turtle

Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2011: Data Decient

Emydura tanybaraga Cann 1997b:24, Emydura

subglobosa tanybaraga

434 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Emydura victoriae (Gray 1842)

Northern Red-faced Turtle

Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia)

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

Hydraspis victoriae Gray 1842:55, Chelymys

victoriae, Emydura victoriae, Tropicochelymys

victoriae

____Flaviemys Le, Reid, McCord, Naro-Maciel, Raxworthy, Amato,

and Georges 2013

(46)

Flaviemys Le, Reid, McCord, Naro-Maciel, Raxwor-

thy, Amato, and Georges 2013:257

Flaviemys purvisi (Wells and Wellington 1985)

(46)

Manning River Sawshelled Turtle

Australia (New South Wales)

IUCN: Data Decient (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Near Threatened

Elseya purvisi Wells and Wellington 1985:8, Wol-

lumbinia purvisi, Elseya latisternum purvisi,

Myuchelys purvisi, Flaviemys purvisi

____Myuchelys Thomson and Georges 2009

(09:45, 10:43)

Wollumbinia Wells 2007c:1

(07:97, 10:43)

(unavailable

name)

Myuchelys Thomson and Georges 2009:33

(09:45)

Myuchelys bellii (Gray 1844)

(07:97)

Bell’s Sawshelled Turtle, Western Sawshelled Turtle

Australia (New South Wales, Queensland)

IUCN: Endangered B1+2c (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

Phrynops bellii Gray 1844:41, Hydraspis bellii,

Elseya bellii, Wollumbinia bellii, Elseya latister-

num bellii, Myuchelys bellii

Myuchelys georgesi (Cann 1997a)

Bellinger River Sawshelled Turtle

Australia (New South Wales)

IUCN: Data Decient (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

Elseya georgesi Cann 1997a:18, Wollumbinia

georgesi, Elseya latisternum georgesi, Myuchelys

georgesi

Myuchelys latisternum (Gray 1867)

(09:47)

Sawshelled Turtle, Common Sawshelled Turtle

Australia (New South Wales, Queensland)

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 435

CBFTT Account: Freeman and Cann 2014

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Least Concern

Elseya latisternum Gray 1867:44, Emydura latister-

num, Elseya latisternum latisternum, Wollum-

binia latisternum, Myuchelys latisternum

Euchelymys spinosa Gray 1871a:118

(09:47)

Elseya latisternon Gray 1871b:292 (nomen novum)

Wollumbinia dorsii Wells 2009:2

(09:46, 10:43)

(unavail-

able name)

____Pseudemydura Siebenrock 1901

Pseudemydura Siebenrock 1901:248

Pseudemydura umbrina Siebenrock 1901

Western Swamp Turtle

Australia (Western Australia)

IUCN: Critically Endangered A1c, B1+2c, C1+2b, D (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix I

Pseudemydura umbrina Siebenrock 1901:249

Emydura inspectata Glauert 1954:125

____Rheodytes Legler and Cann 1980

Rheodytes Legler and Cann 1980:1

Rheodytes leukops Legler and Cann 1980

Fitzroy River Turtle

Australia (Queensland)

IUCN: Vulnerable A1c+2c, D2 (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

Rheodytes leukops Legler and Cann 1980:1, Elseya

leukops

__pelomeDusiDae Cope 1868a

(11:19)

Hydraspidina Bonaparte 1836:3 (partim)

Pelomedusidae Cope 1868a:119

____Pelomedusa Wagler 1830b

(11:19)

Pelomedusa Wagler 1830b:136 (nomen conservan-

dum, ICZN 1989)

Pentonyx Duméril and Bibron 1835:389

Pelomedusa subrufa (Bonnaterre 1789)

(10:45, 11:19)

Helmeted Turtle, African Helmeted Terrapin

Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cam-

eroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (DRC),

Congo (ROC), Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho,

Liberia, Madagascar (prehistoric introduction?), Ma-

lawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger,

Nigeria, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia (Southern), Senegal,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan,

Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Yemen,

Zambia, Zimbabwe

CBFTT Account: Boycott and Bourquin 2008

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2013: Least Concern

Testudo planitia Meuschen 1778:11 (nomen dubium

and senior homonym), Hydraspis (Pelomedusa)

planitia, Hydraspis planitia

Testudo subrufa Lacepède 1788:173

(07:102, 09:6)

(nomen

suppressum, ICZN 2005a)

Testudo subrufa Bonnaterre 1789:28, Emys sub-

rufa, Pelomedusa subrufa, Chelys (Hydraspis)

subrufa, Chelys subrufa, Hydraspis subrufa, Pe-

lomedusa galeata subrufa, Pelomedusa subrufa

subrufa

Testudo rubra Meyer 1790:83

(09:8)

(nomen novum et

oblitum)

Testudo galeata Schoepff 1792:12 (nomen conser-

vandum, ICZN 1989), Emys galeata, Pelome-

dusa galeata, Pentonyx galeata, Hydraspis (Pelo-

medusa) galeata, Hydraspis galeata, Pelomedusa

galeata galeata

Testudo badia Donndorff 1798:34

Testudo rubicunda Suckow 1798:49

Emys olivacea Schweigger 1812:307 (senior hom-

onym), Hydraspis (Pelomedusa) olivacea, Hy-

draspis olivacea, Pelomedusa subrufa olivacea

Pentonyx capensis Duméril and Bibron 1835:390

Pentonyx gehae Rüppell 1835:2, Pelomedusa

galeata gehae, Pelomedusa subrufa gehae

Pelomedusa gehaae Gray 1844:38 (nomen novum)

Pentonix americana Cornalia 1849:312

436 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Pelomedusa mossambicensis Peters in Lichtenstein

1856:2 (nomen nudum)

Pelomedusa mozambica Peters in Gray 1856b:53

(nomen nudum)

Pelomedusa nigra Gray 1863b:99, Pelomedusa

galeata nigra, Pelomedusa subrufa nigra

Pelomedusa gasconi Rochebrune 1884:25

Pelomedusa galeata disjuncta Vaillant and Grandi-

dier 1910:56

Pelomedusa galeata orangensis Hewitt 1935:332,

Pelomedusa subrufa orangensis

Pelomedusa galeata devilliersi Hewitt 1935:337

Pelomedusa galeata damarensis Hewitt 1935:338,

Pelomedusa subrufa damarensis

Pelomedusa subrufa wettsteini Mertens 1937:141

____Pelusios Wagler 1830b

(11:19)

Sternothaerus Bell 1825a:305 (partim, nomen sup-

pressum, ICZN 1989)

Pelusios Wagler 1830b:137 (nomen conservandum,

ICZN 1989)

Tanoa Gray 1863f:193

Notoa Gray 1863f:195

Anota Gray 1863f:196 (junior homonym)

Pelusios adansonii (Schweigger 1812)

Adanson’s Mud Turtle

Benin (?), Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad,

Ethiopia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal,

South Sudan, Sudan

CBFTT Account: Bour 2008

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2013: Least Concern

Emys adansonii Schweigger 1812:308, Hydraspis

adansonii, Pelomedusa adansonii, Sternotherus

adansonii, Sternothaerus adansonii, Pentonyx

adansonii, Pelusios adansonii, Pelusios adanso-

nii adansonii

Chelys (Hydraspis) adamsonii Gray 1830e:15 (no-

men novum)

Pelusios bechuanicus FitzSimons 1932

Okavango Mud Turtle

Angola, Botswana, Namibia (Caprivi), Zambia,

Zimbabwe

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2013: Least Concern

Pelusios bechuanicus FitzSimons 1932:37, Pelusios

castaneus bechuanicus, Pelusios bechuanicus

bechuanicus

Pelusios broadleyi Bour 1986

Turkana Mud Turtle

Kenya

IUCN: Vulnerable D2 (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2013: Endangered

Pelusios broadleyi Bour 1986:23

Pelusios carinatus Laurent 1956

African Keeled Mud Turtle

Congo (DRC), Congo (ROC), Gabon

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2013: Least Concern

Pelusios carinatus Laurent 1956:26

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 437

Pelusios castaneus (Schweigger 1812)

(47)

West African Mud Turtle

Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African

Republic, Congo (DRC), Congo (ROC), Equato-

rial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,

Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, São Tomé and

Príncipe (historical introduction?), Senegal, Sey-

chelles (extirpated; prehistoric introduction?), Sierra

Leone, Togo

Introduced: Guadeloupe

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2013: Least Concern

P. c. castaneus (Schweigger 1812)

(47)

West African Mud Turtle

Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde,

Central African Republic, Congo (DRC), Congo

(ROC), Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea,

Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria,

São Tomé and Príncipe (historical introduction?),

Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo

Emys castanea Schweigger 1812:314, Pelusios

castaneus, Chelys (Sternotherus) castaneus,

Chelys castaneus, Sternotherus castaneus, Clem-

mys (Pelusios) castanea, Clemmys castanea,

Sternothaerus castaneus, Sternothaerus nigricans

castaneus, Sternothaerus nigricans castanea,

Pelusios nigricans castaneus, Pelusios subniger

castaneus, Pelusios castaneus, Pelusios casta-

neus castaneus

Sternothaerus leachianus Bell 1825a:306, Sterno-

therus leachianus

Sternotherus derbianus Gray 1844:37, Sternothaerus

derbianus, Pelusios derbianus, Pelusios casta-

neus derbianus

P. c. seychellensis (Siebenrock 1906c)

(07:103) (47)

(Extinct, ca. 1950)

Seychelles Mud Turtle

Seychelles (Mahé [extinct]) (prehistoric introduction?)

CBFTT Account: Bour and Gerlach 2008

IUCN: Extinct (2003)

Sternothaerus nigricans seychellensis Siebenrock

1906c:38, Pelusios subniger seychellensis,

Sternothaerus castaneus seychellensis, Pelusios

castaneus seychellensis, Pelusios seychellensis

Pelusios castanoides Hewitt 1931

(11:19, 12:42)

Yellow-bellied Mud Turtle

Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Seychelles

(prehistoric introduction?), South Africa, Tanzania

IUCN: Least Concern (1996)

SARCA Draft 2010: Least Concern (regional)

TFTSG Draft 2013: Least Concern

P. c. castanoides Hewitt 1931

(11:19, 12:42)

East African Yellow-bellied Mud Turtle

Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, South

Africa, Tanzania

Pelusios nigricans castanoides Hewitt 1931:463,

Pelusios subniger castanoides, Pelusios casta-

neus castanoides, Pelusios castanoides, Pelusios

castanoides castanoides

Pelusios castaneus kapika Bour 1979:144, Pelusios

castanoides kapika

P. c. intergularis Bour 1983

(11:19, 12:42)

Seychelles Yellow-bellied Mud Turtle

Seychelles (Cerf, Fregate, La Digue, Mahé, Praslin,

Silhouette) (prehistoric introduction?)

CBFTT Account: Gerlach 2008a

IUCN: Critically Endangered A2c, B2ab (2003)

Pelusios castanoides intergularis Bour 1983:345

Pelusios chapini Laurent 1965

(11:19)

Central African Mud Turtle

Central African Republic, Congo (DRC), Congo (ROC),

438 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Gabon, Uganda

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2013: Least Concern

Pelusios castaneus chapini Laurent 1965:21, Pelu-

sios chapini

Pelusios cupulatta Bour and Maran 2003

Ivory Coast Mud Turtle

Benin, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra

Leone, Togo

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2013: Least Concern

Pelusios cupulatta Bour and Maran 2003:28

Pelusios gabonensis (Duméril 1856)

African Forest Turtle

Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo (DRC), Congo

(ROC), Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ivory Coast,

Liberia, Nigeria (?), Tanzania, Uganda

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2013: Least Concern

Pentonyx gabonensis Duméril 1856:373, Pelom-

edusa gabonensis, Sternothaerus gabonensis,

Pelusios gabonensis

Pentonyx gaboonensis Gray 1863f:194 (nomen

novum)

Pelomedusa gabonica Peters 1864:644 (nomen

novum)

Sternothaerus steindachneri Siebenrock 1902a:6

Pelusios marani Bour 2000

Gabon Mud Turtle

Congo (ROC), Gabon

IUCN: Not Evaluated

TFTSG Draft 2013: Data Decient

Pelusios marani Bour 2000:3

Pelusios nanus Laurent 1956

African Dwarf Mud Turtle

Angola, Congo (DRC), Zambia

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2013: Data Decient

Pelusios nanus Laurent 1956:26, Pelusios adansonii

nanus

Pelusios niger (Duméril and Bibron 1835)

West African Black Mud Turtle

Benin, Cameroon, Congo (ROC) (?), Equatorial Guinea,

Gabon, Nigeria

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2013: Near Threatened

Sternotherus niger Duméril and Bibron 1835:397,

Sternothaerus niger, Pelusios niger

Sternothaerus oxyrhinus Boulenger 1897b:919

Sternothaerus heinrothi Kanberg 1924:195

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 439

Pelusios rhodesianus Hewitt 1927

(11:19)

Variable Mud Turtle, Mashona Hinged Terrapin

Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Congo (DRC), Congo (ROC),

Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa,

Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

CBFTT Account: Broadley and Boycott 2008

IUCN: Least Concern (1996)

SARCA Draft 2010: Vulnerable (regional)

Pelusios nigricans rhodesianus Hewitt 1927:375,

Pelusios subniger rhodesianus, Pelusios rhode-

sianus, Pelusios castaneus rhodesianus, Pelusios

rhodesianus rhodesianus

Pelusios sinuatus (Smith 1838)

(11:19)

Serrated Hinged Terrapin

Botswana, Burundi, Congo (DRC), Ethiopia, Kenya, Ma-

lawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa,

Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

CBFTT Account: Broadley and Boycott 2009

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

SARCA Draft 2010: Least Concern (regional)

TFTSG Draft 2013: Least Concern

Sternotherus sinuatus Smith 1838:Reptilia,pl.1,

Sternothaerus (Tanoa) sinuatus, Sternothaerus

sinuatus, Pelusios sinuatus, Pelusios sinuatus

sinuatus

Sternotherus dentatus Peters 1848:494, Sternothae-

rus dentatus

Sternothaerus bottegi Boulenger 1895a:9

Pelusios sinuatus zuluensis Hewitt 1927:371

Pelusios sinuatus leptus Hewitt 1933a:45

Sternothaerus rudolphi † Arambourg 1947:461

[Pleistocene, Ethiopia], Pelusios rudolphi

Pelusios subniger (Bonnaterre 1789)

(12:43)

East African Black Mud Turtle

Botswana, Burundi, Congo (DRC), Madagascar, Malawi,

Mozambique, Namibia (Caprivi), Seychelles (prehis-

toric introduction?), South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

Introduced: British Indian Ocean Territory (Chagos

Archipelago), Glorioso Islands, Mauritius

IUCN: Least Concern (1996)

SARCA Draft 2010: Least Concern (regional)

TFTSG Draft 2013: Least Concern

P. s. subniger (Bonnaterre 1789)

(12:43)

East African Black Mud Turtle

Botswana, Burundi, Congo (DRC), Madagascar, Ma-

lawi, Mozambique, Namibia (Caprivi), South Africa,

Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Testudo subnigra Lacepède 1788:175

(09:6)

(nomen

conservandum, ICZN 1989; nomen suppressum,

ICZN 2005a)

Testudo subnigra Bonnaterre 1789:30, Emys sub-

nigra, Pelusios subniger, Sternotherus subniger,

Clemmys (Pelusios) subnigra, Clemmys sub-

nigra, Sternothaerus subniger, Pelusios subniger,

Pelusios subniger subniger

Testudo nigricans Donndorff 1798:34, Terrapene

nigricans, Sternotherus nigricans, Sternothaerus

nigricans, Sternothaerus nigricans nigricans,

Pelusios nigricans, Pelusios nigricans nigricans

P. s. parietalis Bour 1983

(12:43)

Seychelles Black Mud Turtle

Seychelles (Cerf, Cousin [extirpated], Fregate, La Digue,

Mahé, Praslin, Silhouette, St. Anne [extirpated]) (pre-

historic introduction?)

CBFTT Account: Gerlach 2008b

IUCN: Critically Endangered A2c, B2ab(ii,iii) (2003)

Pelusios subniger parietalis Bour 1983:345

440 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Pelusios upembae Broadley 1981

Upemba Mud Turtle

Congo (DRC)

IUCN: Data Decient (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2013: Data Decient

Pelusios bechuanicus upembae Broadley 1981:639,

Pelusios upembae

Pelusios williamsi Laurent 1965

Williams’ Mud Turtle

Congo (DRC), Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2013: Least Concern

P. w. williamsi Laurent 1965

Lake Victoria Mud Turtle

Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda

Pelusios williamsi Laurent 1965:12, Pelusios wil-

liamsi williamsi, Pelusios castaneus williamsi

P. w. laurenti Bour 1984

Ukerewe Island Mud Turtle

Tanzania

Pelusios williamsi laurenti Bour 1984:29

P. w. lutescens Laurent 1965

Albert Nile Mud Turtle

Congo (DRC), Uganda

Pelusios williamsi lutescens Laurent 1965:16, Pelu-

sios castaneus lutescens

__poDocnemiDiDae Cope 1868b

(07:104, 09:48, 11:20)

Hydraspidina Bonaparte 1836:3 (partim)

Podocnemididae Cope 1868b:282

Peltocephalidae Gray 1870f:718

____Erymnochelys Baur 1888a

Dumerilia Grandidier 1867:232 (junior homonym)

Erymnochelys Baur 1888a:421 (nomen novum)

Erymnochelys madagascariensis (Grandidier 1867)

Madagascan Big-headed Turtle, Rere

Madagascar

IUCN: Critically Endangered A4d (2008)

CITES: Appendix II

Dumerilia madagascariensis Grandidier 1867:232,

Podocnemis madagascariensis, Erymnochelys

madagascariensis

Podocnemis madagascariensis bilaris Boettger

1893:14

____Peltocephalus Duméril and Bibron 1835

Peltocephalus Duméril and Bibron 1835:377

Peltocephalus dumerilianus (Schweigger 1812)

Big-headed Sideneck Turtle

Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), Colombia

(Amazonas, Caquetá, Guainía, Guaviare, Meta, Pu-

tumayo, Vaupés, Vichada), Ecuador, French Guiana,

Peru (Loreto), Venezuela (Amazonas, Apure)

IUCN: Vulnerable A1acd (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix II

Emys dumeriliana Schweigger 1812:300, Podocne-

mis dumeriliana, Hydraspis dumeriliana, Pelto-

cephalus dumerilianus, Chelonemys dumeriliana,

Peltocephalus dumeriliana

Emys macrocephala Spix 1824:5 (senior homonym),

Peltocephalus macrocephala

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 441

Chelys (Hydraspis) dumerilliana Gray 1830e:17 (no-

men novum)

Emys icterocephala Spix in Gray 1830e:17 (nomen

nudum)

Emys tracaxa Spix 1824:6, Hydraspis tracaxa,

Podocnemis tracaxa, Peltocephalus tracaxa,

Peltocephalus tracaxus

Peltocephalus tracaya Troschel 1848:646 (nomen

novum)

____Podocnemis Wagler 1830b

Podocnemis Wagler 1830b:135

Chelonemys Gray 1864d:134 (junior homonyn)

Bartlettia Gray 1870f:720 (junior homonym)

Podocnemis erythrocephala (Spix 1824)

(10:46)

Red-headed Amazon River Turtle

Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), Colombia (Guainía,

Guaviare, Vaupés, Vichada [?]), Venezuela

(Amazonas)

IUCN: Vulnerable A1bd (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix II, as Podocnemis spp.

Emys cayennensis Schweigger 1812:298

(10:48)

(partim, misidentied type), Chelys (Hydraspis)

cayennensis, Chelys cayennensis, Hydraspis

cayennensis, Podocnemis cayennensis

Emys erythrocephala Spix 1824:9, Podocnemis

erythrocephala, Hydraspis expansa erythroceph-

ala, Chelys (Hydraspis) erythrocephala, Chelys

erythrocephala

Emys bitentaculata Cuvier in Gray 1830e:17

(48)

(no-

men nudum et dubium)

Hydraspis bitentaculata Gray 1831d:42

(48)

(nomen

oblitum et dubium)

Podocnemis agassizii Coutinho in Göldi 1886:277

(10:46)

Podocnemis coutinhii Göldi 1886:279 (nomen

novum)

Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger 1812)

Giant South American River Turtle, Giant Amazon River

Turtle, Arrau

Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz),

Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Goiás, Mato Gros-

so, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, Tocantins), Colombia

(Amazonas, Arauca, Caquetá, Casanare, Guainía,

Meta, Putumayo, Vaupés, Vichada), Ecuador, French

Guiana (?), Guyana, Peru (Loreto, Ucayali), Trinidad

(?), Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoátegui, Apure,

Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Guárico, Monagas)

IUCN: Lower Risk/conservation dependent (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Podocnemis spp.

Emys expansa Schweigger 1812:299, Podocnemis

expansa, Chelys (Hydraspis) expansa, Chelys

expansa, Hydraspis expansa

Testudo arrau Humboldt 1819a:243

(49)

, Emys arrau

Emys amazonica Spix 1824:1

Podocnemis lewyana Duméril 1852

(12:44)

Magdalena River Turtle

Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Boyacá,

Caldas, Cesar, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, La Guajira,

Magdalena, Santander, Sucre, Tolima)

CBFTT Account: Páez, Restrepo, Vargas-Ramirez, and

Bock 2009

IUCN: Endangered A1bd (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Critically Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Podocnemis spp.

Podocnemis lewyana Duméril 1852:242

442 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Podocnemis sextuberculata Cornalia 1849

(10:47)

Six-tubercled Amazon River Turtle, Pitiu

Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), Colombia (Amazo-

nas, Caquetá, Putomayo, Vaupés), Peru (Loreto)

IUCN: Vulnerable A1acd (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix II, as Podocnemis spp.

Podocnemis sextuberculata Cornalia 1849:312

Podocnemis pitiu Coutinho 1868:150

(10:47)

Bartlettia pitipii Gray 1870f:720

Podocnemis unilis Troschel 1848

(07:105, 08:16, 09:49, 10:48,49) (50)

Yellow-spotted River Turtle, Yellow-spotted Sideneck

Turtle, Tracaja

Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa

Cruz), Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Goiás, Mato

Grosso, Maranhão, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, Tocan-

tins), Colombia (Amazonas, Arauca, Caquetá, Casa-

nare, Guainía, Meta, Putumayo, Vaupés, Vichada),

Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru (Huanuco,

Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Ucayali), Suriname,

Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoátegui, Apure, Barinas,

Bolívar, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Guárico, Monagas)

IUCN: Vulnerable A1acd (1996)

TFTSG Draft 2011: Endangered

CITES: Appendix II, as Podocnemis spp.

Emys cayennensis Schweigger 1812:298

(10:48)

(50)

(partim, misidentied type, provisional nomen

suppressum), Chelys (Hydraspis) cayennensis,

Chelys cayennensis, Hydraspis cayennensis,

Podocnemis cayennensis

Testudo terekay Humboldt 1819a:243

(49)

(nomen

oblitum), Emys terekay

Chelys (Hydraspis) lata Bell in Gray 1830e:17 [Bell

1830b]

(08:16, 10:7)

(nomen oblitum), Chelys lata,

Hydraspis lata

Podocnemis unilis Troschel 1848:647

Podocnemis tracaya Coutinho 1868:149

(10:49)

Podocnemis vogli Müller 1935

Savanna Sideneck Turtle, Llanos Sideneck Turtle

Colombia (Arauca, Casanare, Guaviare, Meta, Vichada),

Venezuela (Anzoátegui, Apure, Barinas, Bolívar, Co-

jedes, Delta Amacuro, Guárico, Monagas, Portuguesa)

Introduced: Venezuela (Zulia)

IUCN: Not Listed [Least Concern 1996]

TFTSG Draft 2011: Vulnerable

CITES: Appendix II, as Podocnemis spp.

Podocnemis vogli Müller 1935:97

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 443

ANNOTATIONS

Comments on taxonomic change or other annotations

in this and earlier checklists are indicated by superscripts.

New annotations in each new checklist are simple bold

numbers in separate parentheses

(1-xx)

. Previous annota-

tions from any of the earlier checklists are indicated in

subsequent checklists by two-part non-bold superscripts

in separate parentheses that indicate either the year of

publication

(07-12:1-xx)

(used in this year’s checklist) or the nu-

merical checklist

(1-5:1-xx)

(used in previous checklists), and

the annotation number from that year.

1. TTWG 2007b (CRM 4:173-199)

(07:1-105)

2. Rhodin et al. 2008 (000.1-38.checklist.v.1)

(08:2-25)

3. TTWG 2009 (000.39-84.checklist.v.2)

(09:3-49)

4. TTWG 2010 (000.85-164.checklist.v.3)

(10:4-49)

5. TTWG 2011 (000.165-242.checklist.v.4)

(11:5-20)

6. TTWG 2012 (000.243-328.checklist.v.5)

(12:6-44)

These previous checklists are all available as open-access

publications online (www.iucn-tftsg.org/checklist/).

1. Macrochelys temminckii: Two new names for Alliga-

tor Snapping Turtles were coined by Hoser (2013). There are

signicant nomenclatural, technical, and biological problems

inherent in these descriptions, and at this time it seems ap-

propriate to treat his names, Macrochelys temminckii muscati

and Macrochelys maxhoseri, as unavailable synonyms of

Macrochelys temminckii.

2. Caretta caretta: Considerable confusion has sur-

rounded the names and authors and dates of publication

of the turtle descriptions published in various outputs of

the Expédition Scientique de Morée, currently cited in

our checklist as Valenciennes (1833), Bibron and Bory de

Saint-Vincent (1833), and Bory de Saint-Vincent (1835).

See the detailed clarication below in annotation 25 for

Emys orbicularis hellenica. The name Chelonia pelasgorum

was rst published on plate 6 by Valenciennes (1833), but

rendered as C. pelasgica in the subsequent text by Bibron

and Bory de Saint-Vincent (1833), where they synonymized

it with Chelonia caouanna (= Caretta caretta).

3. Eretmochelys: In last year’s checklist, in annotation

7, we outlined our reasoning for recognizing the subfamilies

Cheloniinae and Carettinae. Unfortunately, we made an edito-

rial error in listing Eretmochelys under the Cheloniinae when,

in fact, studies have shown that it is more closely related

to Caretta and Lepidochelys, and belongs in the Carettinae,

as we pointed out in our annotation. We correct the error in

this year’s checklist.

4. Eretmochelys imbricata: The junior synonym

Chelonia grisea Eschscholtz 1829b has for many years

been incorrectly cited as Chelonia griseam in our previous

checklists and in Fritz and Havaš (2007) and extensively on

the web. Having nally successfully accessed the obscure

original publication, we now note this long-standing error

and correct it.

5. Chelonia mydas: We note also that in the same

obscure publication cited above, Eschscholtz (1829b) also

described Chelonia castanea from Surinam as a new species.

The name has been overlooked since its description and is

a nomen oblitum and junior synonym of C. mydas.

6. Dermochelys coriacea: The original citation for the

junior synonym Dermatochelys porcata is actually Wagler

(1830b), not Wagler (1833) as listed in our previous check-

lists, but which contained no new turtle descriptions.

7. Dermochelys coriacea: In our previous checklists we

had included the name Testudo marina Wilhelm 1794 in the

synonymy of D. coriacea, based on its inclusion in older

checklists (e.g., Fritz and Havaš 2007). However, examina-

tion of Wilhelm’s (1794) work indicates that his use of the

name Testudo marina was as an incorrect collective group

name for “marine” species (sea turtles and softshells), as

he also grouped most “terrestrial” turtles (testudinids and

kinosternids) under the incorrect group name Testudo ter-

restris, and all other freshwater turtles under the group name

Testudo uviatilis. In discussing separate species under these

group names, he used names previously described by other

authors (including a description of the Leatherback, using the

name Testudo coriacea), but not in a consistently binomial

manner. His work therefore has no standing nomenclaturally,

and we have removed the name Testudo marina Wilhelm

1794 from the synonymy of D. coriacea.

On the other hand, Ranzani (1832) published a descrip-

tion in Latin of the Leatherback Turtle in which he described

it as Testudine coriacea marina. This description is valid (as

the trinomen Testudo coriacea marina), as per ICZN Code

Article 11(h)(ii) allowing for the use of adjectival Latin de-

scriptions, as previously noted by Smith and Rhodin (1986)

in regard to the validity of the original authorship of Testudo

coriacea Vandelli 1761.

8. Dermatemys mawii: González-Porter et al. (2013)

presented microsatellite data that supported their previous

mitochondrial DNA studies (González-Porter et al. 2011)

in recognizing populations of Dermatemys mawii in the

Papaloapan River drainage as genetically distinctive.

However, they made no taxonomic recommendations based

on their results. In addition, they also identied a small

sample of genetically divergent individuals in the Sarstun

and Salinas River basins along the southeastern distribu-

tion of the species that they speculated might represent a

cryptic taxon.

9. Kinosternidae: Iverson et al. (2013) sequenced three

mtDNA and three nuclear markers for every recognized

species and most subspecies of kinosternids. Their analyses

revealed three well-resolved clades within the Kinosterninae,

corresponding to Sternotherus, a previously unnamed clade

that they described as the new genus Cryptochelys, and

Kinosternon sensu stricto. Their molecular data support for

Cryptochelys was strong, but data support for non-monophyly

of Kinosternon with respect to Sternotherus was weak. The

identied groups are broadly consistent with morphological

and biogeographical features. Their new genus Cryptochelys

was diagnosed based on an extensive set of morphological

444 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

and molecular characters, and contains the designated type

species leucostoma, as well as acuta, angustipons, creaseri,

dunni, and herrerai.

As we are aware of a parallel study of kinosternid

phylogenetics, currently in review, that reaches different

taxonomic conclusions, we present the recommended tax-

onomy of Iverson et al. (2013) as an additional alternative

to the traditional arrangement, in the knowledge that we will

revisit kinosternid taxonomy again in our next edition, and

hopefully come to a consensus position then.

10. Kinosternon abaxillare: A multivariate analysis

of morphometric data by Berry (1978) demonstrated the

distinctiveness of the endemic, allopatric taxon K. scorpi-

oides abaxillare from the parapatric K. s. cruentatum. In

addition, preliminary molecular sampling of the K. scorpi-

oides complex by Iverson et al. (2013) suggested that K. s.

abaxillare was more closely related to K. oaxacae than to

K. s. cruentatum (or any other K. scorpioides). Given both

the morphometric and molecular evidence, the latter authors

followed Alvarez del Toro (1972, among many others) and

suggested that K. abaxillare be recognized as a full species.

Until more thorough geographic and molecular sampling is

completed, we acknowledge both options in this checklist,

but treat the taxon as more likely a species.

11. Kinosternon chimalhuaca: In 1996, while the

original, full description by Berry et al. (1997) of K. chim-

alhuaca was in press, it was shared with Manfred Rogner

for inclusion in his forthcoming book. However, though

unintended, Rogner’s abbreviated version, clearly attributed

to Berry et al., was published rst (in 1996). Hence, although

many authors have cited Berry et al. (1997) as the original

description for this taxon, the proper attribution should be

Berry, Seidel, and Iverson in Rogner (1996). The ICZN

has now been petitioned (Rogner et al. 2013) to ofcially

conrm this proper authorship and date, which has already

been used in all previous TTWG checklists.

12. Kinosternon subrubrum steindachneri: Based

on osteology, Bourque (2012) recommended that K. s.

steindachneri be elevated to full species status, as it was

originally described. Preliminary molecular data provided

by Iverson et al. (2013) supported this conclusion. However,

until a more complete, range-wide study of molecular and

morphological variation of the K. subrubrum-baurii complex

is available, we here retain steindachneri as a subspecies of

K. subrubrum.

13. Staurotypinae or Staurotypidae: Highlighting

the extensive divergence of the staurotypines from the

kinosternines based on morphology (Hutchison 1991), ge-

netics (Iverson et al. 2103), karyotype (Bickham and Carr

1983), and sex determination mechanisms (Ewert et al. 2004),

Iverson et al. (2013) followed Bickham and Carr (1983) in

recognizing the Staurotypidae as a separate family. Within

the TTWG we have differing opinions on the appropriate

ranking of this taxonomic node, and recognize that the views

and actions of the wider turtle taxonomic community will

determine its eventual accepted ranking; until consensus

emerges, we provide alternative rankings in the checklist.

14. Graptemys: In a historical review of the taxonomic

history of the genus Graptemys, Lindeman (2013:20) men-

tioned two genus names from an unpublished manuscript by

Georg Baur: Neoclemmys (intended to include pseudogeo-

graphica and oculifera) and Megaloclemmys (for pulchra),

while Graptemys would have been retained for geographica

and kohnii. However, Lindeman only used these names in a

conditional manner, without formal status as valid taxa, and

hence the names Neoclemmys and Megaloclemmys were not

made available according to Article 15.1 of the International

Code of Zoological Nomenclature (see also annotation 19

for Graptemys intermedia).

15. Graptemys avimaculata: Using microsatellite loci,

Selman et al. (2013) demonstrated a signicant degree of

genetic structure across the range of the species in the Pas-

cagoula River basin, with the greatest divergence between

the main Pascagoula basin and the lowland Escatawpa River

tributary, historically separate drainages. Although they

urged that at least these two units be managed separately,

they made no taxonomic recommendations.

16. Graptemys ouachitensis or G. o. ouachitensis: See

annotation number 19 below regarding the taxon sabinensis,

previously listed as a subspecies of ouachitensis, but now

conditionally elevated to full species status, therefore also

necessitating listing the Ouachita Map Turtle as a full spe-

cies, rather than the nominate subspecies.

17. Graptemys pulchra: In his historical review of the

taxonomic history of Graptemys, Lindeman (2013:20) also

made reference to Baur’s manuscript names for the species

he eventually described as Graptemys pulchra; we hereby

designate these names, G. alabamensis and G. grandis, as

nomina nuda, and associate them with the synonymy of

G. pulchra, as they were considered for application to that

taxon.

18. Graptemys sabinensis or G. o. sabinensis:

Originally described as a subspecies of Graptemys pseu-

dogeographica by Cagle (1953), the Sabine Map Turtle

(G. sabinensis) was later classied by Vogt (1980) as a

subspecies of G. ouachitensis, and most subsequent authors

have followed that arrangement. However, based on a small

sample of skulls, Ward (1980) believed that sabinensis

was so distinctive that it warranted species status. Recent

analyses of morphology, mitochondrial DNA, and nuclear

DNA have generally failed to resolve the relationships of

sabinensis with condence, and the interrelationships of

the “narrow-headed Graptemys” remain largely unresolved

(Stephens 1998; Stephens and Wiens 2003; Myers 2008;

Wiens et al. 2010; Brown et al. 2012). Based on these

previous studies and his own extensive examinations of

Gulf Coast Graptemys specimens, Lindeman (2103) noted

that sabinensis is allopatric, non-intergrading, and diag-

nosable morphologically, and concluded that it should be

recognized as a full species. While subspecic as well as

specic recognition can each be supported, we conclude that

enough uncertainty remains regarding this lineage to list it

as either a species or subspecies. Further sampling of the

nuclear genome and more strongly supported phylogenetic

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 445

trees will be necessary to settle this issue as well as the

relationships across the entire genus Graptemys.

19. Graptemys sabinensis or G. o. sabinensis: In

a checklist of turtles of Louisiana, Beyer (1900) listed

“Malacoclemmys intermedia Baur” from the “southern

and southwestern parts”, referring to a manuscript name by

Georg Baur for the taxon subsequently described as Grapte-

mys pseudogeographica sabinensis by Cagle (1953). The

name was based on specimens from the Mermentau River

basin, now in the Tulane University Museum collection,

sent to Baur by Joseph Gustave Kohn (Lindeman 2013).

The original publication of the name Malacoclemmys in-

termedia is therefore attributable to Beyer and pre-dates the

name sabinensis Cagle by 53 years, but is clearly a nomen

nudum. Furthermore, it has not been used in over 113 years

and would have the status of nomen oblitum. In his discus-

sion of the history of the name Graptemys intermedia used

by Baur in his unpublished manuscript, Lindeman (2013)

published Baur’s original manuscript drawings (Fig. 2.4)

and a photograph of the Kohn specimens on which Baur

had intended his diagnosis to rest (Fig. 8.18). Lindeman also

clearly identied intermedia as a synonym of the taxon he

recognized by the name of G. sabinensis. However, Linde-

man only, and consistently, used the name G. intermedia in

a conditional manner, without formal status of valid taxon,

and the name intermedia as used by Lindeman, published

after 1960, has not been made available according to Article

15.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

20. Pseudemys: Based on three mitochondrial and ten

nuclear gene loci, Spinks et al. (2013) examined variation

across all recognized taxa of the genus Pseudemys. Their

analyses revealed essentially no support for currently recog-

nized species groups, species, or subspecies. Only P. gorzugi

was consistently recovered as monophyletic across all their

analyses, while their molecular evidence identied three

geographically cohesive groups that do not correspond to

current species boundaries. They concluded that the genus

Pseudemys has probably been oversplit taxonomically. How-

ever, they made no explicit recommendations for change until

a much larger and more denitive, multi-character data set is

brought to bear on this complex. Thus we retain Pseudemys

essentially unchanged from the previous checklist.

21. Trachemys: In their book on Mexican turtles,

Legler and Vogt (2013) continued to follow the taxonomy

for Trachemys as used by Legler (1990) (i.e., all Mexican

taxa as subspecies of T. scripta), and did not provide data

or rationale to refute the phylogenetic data and taxonomic

opinions published since 1990. Because implementing that

taxonomy here would reverse 23 years of increased under-

standing and progress toward a stable classication of this

complex genus, we have not incorporated the Trachemys

taxonomy presented by Legler and Vogt (2013) in our cur-

rent checklist.

22. Trachemys (Caribbean): Parham et al. (2013) ex-

amined variation in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers

for Trachemys populations across the Greater Antilles. They

identied the morphologically distinct population reported

by Tuberville et al. (2005) in northwestern Jamaica as T.

d. decussata, representing a signicant range extension

from eastern Cuba. Parham et al. (2013) demonstrated the

monophyly of West Indian taxa, as well as evidence of

hybridization between T. decorata and T. stejnegeri in the

southern Dominican Republic, and between T. terrapen and

T. d. decussata in northwestern Jamaica. The authors were

unable to determine whether the presence of decussata on

Jamaica and localized hybridization with terrapen was the

result of natural or human-mediated dispersal.

Their data also supported the continued recognition of

the subspecies T. s. stejnegeri (Puerto Rico) and T. s. vicina

(Hispaniola), with occasional gene ow (natural or human-

mediated) between them. They also acknowledged that

morphological and genetic data suggest the recognition of T.

d. decussata (eastern Cuba) and T. d. angusta (western Cuba)

as full species, but declined to make that recommendation

pending further sampling in Cuba.

Finally, they speculated that the occurrence of T. d.

angusta on the Cayman Islands was “non-native”. Given

that Grand Cayman was periodically inundated even in the

latest Pleistocene (20–25 thousand years ago; Iturralde-

Vinent 2006), and that the prevailing winds and currents

would make a natural colonization from the northwest dif-

cult, we concur that the Grand Cayman populations of T. d.

angusta are likely the result of human introduction. This is

further supported by Echternacht et al. (2011) who, in their

review of the herpetofauna of the Cayman Islands, explicitly

stated that since no Trachemys fossils have been found in

peat deposits on the island (which contained many other

vertebrates), they presumed T. decussata to be introduced.

In addition, Parham et al. (2013) analyzed a small sample

of Trachemys from Central America that yielded results

indicating genetic similarity of T. venusta and T. emolli,

demonstrating the need for further sampling and analysis

to evaluate the sweeping taxonomic changes proposed by

Fritz et al. (2012) and the subspecies described by McCord

et al. (2010). Until such additional information becomes

available, Parham et al. (2013) recommended taxonomic

conservatism and cautious interpretation of preliminary

results, and proposed no taxonomic changes.

23. Trachemys (Central America): Using mitochondrial

DNA sequence data for Trachemys downloaded from the Eu-

ropean Nucleotide Archive and new data from two Honduran

specimens, McCranie et al. (2013) conrmed that the range

of the taxon emolli extends from northwestern Costa Rica

to southeastern El Salvador (see Ibarra Portillo et al. 2009).

Because of the extensive overlap in their analysis with the

data used by Fritz et al. (2012), McCranie et al. (2013) sup-

ported their earlier taxonomic recommendations. McCranie

et al. (2013) also commented on the status of the taxon T. v.

uhrigi, originally described from Honduras, but subsequently

reported from Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama,

and argued that the diagnostic coloration of uhrigi is not

exhibited consistently by Caribbean Honduran specimens

(and presumably occurs in individuals of T. venusta as far

away as Colombia), and suggested that T. v. uhrigi has no

446 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

taxonomic validity. In contrast, Páez et al. (2012) listed T. v.

uhrigi as being the subspecies occurring in the Colombian

Departments of Antioquia and Chocó. However, until ad-

ditional molecular data are forthcoming from the Caribbean

versant of Central America, particularly from the Yucatan

peninsula, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and

Colombia, we adhere mainly to the alternative taxonomies

of Seidel (2002) and Fritz et al. (2012).

24. Emys (sensu lato): In a molecular analysis of emydine

turtles, Angielczyk and Feldman (2013) found strong support

for a monophyletic Emys (including orbicularis, blandingii,

and marmorata) using mtDNA sequence data, but strong

support for a paraphyletic Emys using 14 nuclear genes. The

combined data set resolved a monophyletic Emys, but the

results were apparently driven by the much more variable

mitochondrial genome. Despite some uncertainty about the

monophyly of Emys sensu lato (see also Wiens et al. 2010),

we retain both options of a narrow and a broad denition of

the genus Emys, pending even more genetic data.

25. Emys orbicularis hellenica and Mauremys rivu-

lata: Considerable confusion has surrounded the names and

authors and dates of publication of the turtle descriptions

published in various outputs of the Expédition Scientique

de Morée, currently cited in our checklist as Valenciennes

(1833), Bibron and Bory de Saint-Vincent (1833), and Bory

de Saint-Vincent (1835). Sherborn and Woodward (1901)

documented that the zoology sections dealing with verte-

brates, in which turtle descriptions (Chelonia pelasgorum,

Emys hellenica, Emys iberica, and Emys rivulata) appear,

were all rst published sequentially in 1833 in looseleaf

“livraisons” with sets of plates (“planches”) and text, and

later all the plates were re-published as a bound volume in

1835. Confusion about the sequence of publication of the

turtle plates and the text has arisen due to the imprint of

“1832” on the frontispiece of the text, but it actually appeared

in 1833, after the plates. That the unbound turtle plates by

Valenciennes (1833:pls.6–9) were published rst was clearly

documented in the subsequent text by Bibron and Bory de

Saint-Vincent (1833:61, lines 5–9, 21–23, footnote 2), who

referred to the specically numbered plates as coming from

the “troisième séries”.

The name Emys hellenica was rst published in the third

series of planches (plate 8, gures 2–2a), where it was at-

tributed to Valenciennes in the legend, and then subsequently

described (as Cistuda hellenica) on pages 61–62 of the text,

where it was attributed to Bibron and Bory de Saint-Vincent.

Proper original attribution of the name is therefore Emys

hellenica Valenciennes in Bory de Saint-Vincent 1833:pl.8.

That name was subsequently synonymized, as “Cistude

hellénique”, with Cistudo europaea, another synonym of

Emys orbicularis, by Duméril and Bibron (1835:227), but

is today recognized as a valid subspecies of that taxon (Fritz

et al. 2005; Fritz and Havaš 2007).

According to Bibron and Bory de Saint-Vincent (1833),

in their text on page 61, lines 5–9, under the synonymy of

Cistuda europaea (= Emys orbicularis), they noted that

Valenciennes (1833) had “for unknown reasons” (“on ne

sait pourquoi”) named the juvenile specimen of Emys on

plate 9 as iberica [not Emys iberica Eichwald 1831]. The

original typeface in the legend of plate 9 reads “Emyde

ibérienne. Emys iberica. Val.”; however, in at least some

contemporary copies of the subsequently bound atlas (Bory

de Saint-Vincent 1835), a small printed label in similar text

reading “des anciens” has been pasted over “ibérienne”, and

a second label reading “antiquorum” pasted over “iberica”

and the rst part of “Va l .” We do not know if these labels

were originally added as an “erratum” to all looseleaf cop-

ies at the time of their original publication in 1833, or more

likely only to some of them when bound into the atlas in

1835, because some copies today lack the labels (e.g., that

in the Paris Museum, but apparently not those in the British

Museum [Gray 1844:31] or the Museum of Comparative

Zoology at Harvard [Loveridge and Williams 1957:213]).

It must also be noted that Bibron and Bory de Saint-Vincent

(1833) commented on the name iberica printed on the original

plate, but made no mention of the name antiquorum. This

uncertainty greatly complicates these names and their author-

ship. If the “antiquorum” labels were added to all copies of

this work by the publisher, then Emys iberica Valenciennes

was technically never described, and Emys antiquorum would

presumably be attributable to Bory de Saint-Vincent, the edi-

tor of the 1835 atlas, although the remaining partial exposure

of the name “Val.” led Gray (1844:31) to attribute the name

antiquorum to Valenciennes when he (Gray) synonymized

that name with Cistudo europaea [= Emys orbicularis]. If

the labels were inconsistently added to only some copies of

the original work, then the name antiquorum would have no

nomenclatural status. Pending the availability of additional

historic information about the consistency of this labeling

and the reasons behind it, we here attribute the name Emys

iberica to Valenciennes in Bory de Saint-Vincent (1833), and

declare Emys antiquorum Bory de Saint-Vincent (1835) a

nomen nudum; and interpret both names as junior synonyms

of Emys orbicularis hellenica (Valenciennes in Bory de

Saint-Vincent 1833).

26. Emys orbicularis, ssp. indet.: Rook et al. (2013)

synonymized the two Upper Pliocene fossil taxa, E. major and

E. latens, described by Portis (1890), with Emys orbicularis,

citing an unpublished thesis by Chesi (2009). The fossils

were from Valdarno (d’Arno valley) along the northwest

Italian Ligurian coast, within the range of the present-day

subspecies E. o. galloitalica. However, given the subsequent

Pleistocene and Holocene climate-associated range shifts of

E. orbicularis, we do not associate these fossil names with

any current subspecies at this time.

27. Terrapene: Martin et al. (2103) examined variation

in two mitochondrial genes and one nuclear gene across

all previously recognized taxa of Terrapene (except T.

nelsoni klauberi). Both mtDNA and a single nuclear gene

supported the monophyly of T. ornata, T. carolina (includ-

ing T. coahuila), and T. nelsoni. All analyses conrmed the

distinctiveness of T. nelsoni and T. ornata, but found no

support for distinction between T. o. ornata and T. o. luteola,

and hence, they recommended the synonymy of the latter.

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 447

For mtDNA only, they found signicant divergence within

the previously recognized T. carolina group taxa (includ-

ing T. coahuila), and identied a western clade (including

triunguis, mexicana, and yucatana) and an eastern clade (all

others, including coahuila); the western clade was strongly

supported based on mtDNA, but the eastern clade had only

very weak support. The authors recommended the recogni-

tion of the western clade as a full species, T. mexicana, with

three subspecies (mexicana, triunguis, and yucatana). They

were not able to resolve the relationships among bauri,

major, and carolina, and retained them as subspecies of T.

carolina. Similarly, the relationship of T. coahuila to Gulf

Coast T. carolina was suggested but not resolved, and they

recommended continued recognition of T. coahuila at the

species level. Meanwhile, Legler and Vogt (2013) treated T.

mexicana and T. yucatana as full, monotypic species, and

continued to recognize T. o. luteola as the subspecies of T.

ornata inhabiting Mexico.

As the suggested taxonomic rearrangements of Martin

et al. (2013) and Legler and Vogt (2013) are not based on

a comprehensive analysis of morphology, mitochondrial

DNA, and nuclear genes, and show disagreement with both

the traditional taxonomy of Terrapene and the molecular

phylogeny presented by Butler et al. (2011), we consider

that the phylogenetic relationships within this genus remain

insufciently resolved for us to adopt such signicant taxo-

nomic changes, especially in light of the desire for minimal

uctuations in taxonomy of this genus, given its extensive

inclusion in State, Federal, and CITES legislation.

28. Terrapene putnami: This species was described by

Hay (1906) based on a single fossil hypoplastron from the

Alaa River basin in Florida with imprecise stratigraphic

data, but presumably Late Pleistocene. The taxon has been

widely assumed to represent virtually all eastern North

American fossil Terrapene material from the Miocene to the

late Pleistocene, which is clearly an exaggerated concept of

the taxon (Ehret et al. 2011). This has become increasingly

problematic because of recent molecular analyses of extant

taxa that suggested that T. putnami should be synonymized

with T. carolina major (Butler et al. 2011; followed in TTWG

2012) or that argued that putnami be retained as an extinct

subspecies of T. carolina (Martin et al. 2013). To facilitate

future attempts to resolve the relationships among living

and fossil turtles of the T. carolina complex, Ehret et al.

(2013) proposed to the ICZN the designation of a neotype

for T. putnami with precise locality and stratigraphic data,

and consisting of a nearly complete carapace and plastron

with numerous associated postcranial elements.

We here maintain T. putnami as a synonym of T. caro-

lina major as recommended by Butler et al. (2011), until the

ICZN makes a ruling and additional research claries the

relationships of extant and fossil members of the T. carolina

group.

29. Mauremys annamensis: Clemmys guangxiensis was

described by Qin (1992) based on two market specimens

supposedly originating from Guangxi, China. Iverson and

McCord (1994) speculated that the type series might be a

composite of Mauremys mutica and M. iversoni (the latter

now known to be of hybrid origin between Cuora trifasciata

and M. mutica; Parham et al. 2001). As a result, we have

previously included C. guangxiensis in the synonymies of

both C. trifasciata and M. mutica. However, Hu et al. (2013)

provided sequence data from a single mitochondrial gene

for four specimens of Mauremys from Guangxi purported

to be M. guangxiensis, along with two M. mutica from the

same province. When included in a phylogenetic analysis

with sequences of Mauremys downloaded from GenBank,

they determined that their four specimens of M. guangxiensis

were nearly identical to M. annamensis (which is endemic to

Vietnam) and not M. mutica. Assuming their four specimens

represented the same taxon as described by Qin (1992), Hu

et al. (2013) interpreted their results as indicating that M.

guangxiensis was either synonymous with M. annamensis

or a subspecies of the latter. However, their analysis did not

address the possibility of a hybrid origin for guangxiensis.

Pending further study of specimens being referred to M.

guangxiensis, we add guangxiensis to the synonymy of an-

namensis (as partim, hybrid), while retaining its inclusion

in the synonymy of M. mutica and C. trifasciata.

30. Mauremys japonica and Pelodiscus sinensis: Tem-

minck and Schlegel’s publications in Fauna Japonica are

usually recorded as having been published in 1835. However,

their chapter on “Les Cheloniens” (pp. 1–80, plates 1–9) was

actually published in 1834 (see Hoogmoed et al. 2010) and

only contained invalid vernacular names. Their valid names

Trionyx japonica = Pelodiscus sinensis and Emys vulgaris

japonica = Mauremys japonica were not published until

1838 when Schlegel wrote and published (on p. 139) his

dated explanation of the previously published plates and for

the rst time provided Latin names for the two new species

described earlier in French (Trionyx stellatus Var. Japon

[pls. 5 and 7] = Trionyx japonica and Emys palustris Var.

Japon [pls. 8 and 9] = Emys vulgaris japonica). Although

the species name “palustris” was used on the plate, in the

text it was corrected to “vulgaris”, but never with a specic

“var. Japon” modier attached to it.

31. Rhinoclemmys: Based on both mitochondrial and

nuclear DNA data, Vargas-Ramírez et al. (2103) identied sig-

nicant phylogeographic structuring within R. melanosterna,

but found conicting phylogenetic relationships among the

allopatric/parapatric members of the R. punctularia group

(including R. funerea, R. diademata, and R. melanosterna).

They recommended no taxonomic changes without further

geographic and genome sampling.

32. Aldabrachelys gigantea: After several years of

vigorous debate, the ICZN (2013b) published their decision

(Opinion 2316) regarding the appropriate scientic name

for the Aldabra Tortoise (Case 3463; Frazier 2008, 2009).

The Commission ruled to conserve the long-term use of

the specic name Testudo gigantea Schweigger (1812) for

this tortoise, to afrm the neotype designation of Frazier

(2006), and to suppress the more recently used name Tes-

tudo dussumieri Gray (1831d). One effect of this action was

also to validate the genus name Aldabrachelys Loveridge

448 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

and Williams (1957) over Dipsochelys Bour (1982). Com-

ments were published in BZN 66:80–87, 169–186, 274–290,

352–357; 67: 71–90, 170–178, 246–254, 319–331; 68:

72–77, 140–143, 294–300. With 83 published comments,

this represented the most extensive correspondence received

by the Commission on a Case to date.

33. Chelonoidis carbonaria: The original citation for

the junior synonym Testudo boiei is actually Wagler (1830a),

not Wagler (1833) as listed in our previous checklists; the

latter contained no new turtle descriptions.

34. Gopherus berlandieri: In 1850, Berlandier described

two terrestrial turtles from the “llanos” of Tamaulipas,

Mexico: Testudo bicolor (not to be confused with Testudo

bicolor Schweigger 1812 or Terrapene bicolor Bell 1826,

both synonyms for Testudo [= Cuora] amboinensis Daudin

1801) and Testudo tuberculatu [sic] (not to be confused

with Testudo tuberculata Schoepff 1801 [= Dermochelys

coriacea]). His ample description leaves little doubt that the

names referred to a juvenile and adult male, respectively,

of Xerobates [= Gopherus] berlandieri Agassiz 1857a, and

hence should be considered senior subjective synonyms

of the latter. However, since 1850, T. tuberculatu has only

been mentioned by True (1882), as T. tuberculata. In 1980

Berlandier’s manuscript was translated and republished, with

both species recorded again, as T. bicolor and T. tuberculata,

with distinct diagnostic characters, “and they are common on

both banks of the Rio Bravo.” No other publications seem to

include these names, both considered here as being nomina

oblita.

35. Testudo graeca: Based strictly on morphology Chkh-

ikvadze et al. (2013) continued to argue for the recognition of

six taxa of tortoises in the Caucasus (Testudo graeca ibera,

T. g. nikolskii, T. g. armeniaca, T. marginata pallasi, T. m.

buxtoni, and T. dagestanica). However, genetic sampling by

Fritz et al. (2007), Mashkaryan et al. (2013), and Mikulíček

et al. (2013), including specimens from within the ranges of

each of those six purported taxa, supports only the recogni-

tion of three taxa in the area (T. g. ibera, T. g. buxtoni, and

T. g. armeniaca). Because the unreliability of morphology

in establishing species boundaries within the genus Testudo

has been well documented (Parham et al. 2006; Fritz et al.

2007, 2009; Mikulíček et al. 2013; Danilov et al. 2013; among

others), we have not followed Chkhikvadze et al. (2013),

pending further genetic sampling.

36. Testudo or Chersine hermanni: Perez et al. (2014)

examined variation in mitochondrial DNA and nuclear mic-

rosatellites across the range of T. hermanni, and found sub-

stantial geographic differentiation based on distance between

sites. They documented the greatest divergence between the

recognized subspecies, with the eastern subspecies (T. h.

boettgeri) ranging westward to and including the Po River

valley in northeastern Italy, Their data also demonstrated the

effects of thousands of years of human-mediated dispersal

of these tortoises. Although they noted that the isolated

population in France could have been established via natural

or human dispersal, their data supported the hypothesis that

the Spanish, Corsican, and Sardinian populations were likely

the result of prehistoric human introductions of animals with

Sicilian genotypes.

37. Testudo or Chersine h. hermanni: Lapparent de

Broin et al. (2006) analyzed all known fossil specimens of T.

globosa, T. oriens, and T. seminota, and concluded that oriens

and seminota were synonymous with globosa and that globo-

sa was apparently synonymous with western T. h. hermanni.

38. Testudo or Agrionemys h. kazachstanica: Agrione-

mys kazachstanica terbishi was described by Chkhikvadze

(2009) based on a mummied specimen, supposedly from

Mongolia, in the Kohovd University collection (Kohovd

City, Mongolia). Ansorge et al. (2012) reported that the type

specimen has been lost, that the herpetologist who collected

the specimen believed that it was a pet brought from Kazach-

stan, and that there is no conrmed record of an extant tortoise

indigenous to Mongolia. They recommended that Testudo

horseldii terbishi (Chkhikvadze 2009) should be regarded

as a nomen dubium and allocated to the synonymy of Testudo

horseldii; they also recommended that Mongolia should be

excluded from its distribution range. We adopt these recom-

mendations and associate the taxon with T. or A. h. kazach-

stanica by virtue of it having originally been described as a

subspecies of that taxon.

39. Acanthochelys and Platemys: Sequence data from

two mitochondrial genes analyzed by Huebinger et al. (2013)

supported the sister group relationship between Platemys and

Acanthochelys, the monophyly of the latter, and the possibil-

ity that A. radiolata as currently dened morphologically may

be polyphyletic. We continue to afrm the recognition of both

genera, even though Platemys is monotypic.

40. Phrynops geoffroanus: The name Emys tritentacu-

lata was listed by Cuvier (1829) as attributed to Auguste de

Saint-Hilaire, a botanist who traveled in Brazil and subse-

quently deposited several chelid turtles in the Paris Museum

(Bour, unpubl. data). Based on the name, suggestive of sev-

eral barbels, we assign it tentatively to the synonymy of P.

geoffroanus pending further study of Saint-Hilaire’s original

specimens. The name E. tritentaculata does not refer to the

American Box Turtle, Terrapene carolina, as originally syn-

onymized by Wermuth and Mertens (1961) and followed by

several others since then.

41. Platemys platycephala: The name Emys caruncu-

lata Cuvier 1829 was listed by Wermuth and Mertens (1961,

1977) and Fritz and Havaš (2007) as an ex errore name for E.

canaliculata Spix 1824, itself a synonym of P. platycephala.

However, the name E. carunculata was attributed by Cuvier

(1829) to Auguste de Saint-Hilaire, while in the same para-

graph also listing E. canaliculata as attributed to Spix. The

two names clearly represent different nomina nuda. Pending

further studies of the chelid turtles that Saint-Hilaire collected

in Brazil (Bour, unpubl. data), we leave E. carunculata in the

synonymy of P. platycephala for the present.

42. Chelodina (Macrochelodina) kuchlingi: This spe-

cies, originally described by Cann (1997d), was synony-

mized under “Chelodina rugosa” (now Chelodina oblonga)

by Georges and Thomson (2010). Their original basis for the

synonymization was “that names that are available under the

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 449

Code, but that apply to supposed taxa, unsupported by scien-

tic evidence either in the original account or subsequently,

are placed in synonymy.” They also indicated that C. kuchlingi

was described from a single specimen of uncertain origin with

a long history of captivity and so was treated as a junior syn-

onym of “C. rugosa” (now C. oblonga), citing Georges and

Thomson (2006) who had questioned the distinction between

C. kuchlingi and C. rugosa, but did not synonymize them. The

synonymization by Georges and Thomson (2010) was sub-

sequently followed by us (TTWG 2010) and Kennett et al.

(2014) in their recent CBFTT species account for C. oblonga

(see link under that species). However, the synonymization

has recently been challenged by Kuchling (CCB, in review,

and in litt.), who has provided data that C. kuchlingi is an ap-

parently demonstrably valid and distinct range-restricted spe-

cies, with a more extensive distribution in northeastern West-

ern Australia (including the Ord River basin) than noted in

the original description. Kuchling also raised serious concerns

about the conservation status and potential regional develop-

ment threats to C. kuchlingi. Georges (in litt.) has acknowl-

edged the difference in opinion, but stands by his opinion that

the original description was decient, and that there has been

insufcient evidence presented to date that C. kuchlingi is a

valid taxon.

We take note of this on-going controversy here and, based

on our own principles of making only data-driven taxonomic

changes in the checklist, acknowledge that our original deci-

sion to follow the hypotheses of Georges and Thomson (2006,

2010) to synonymize C. kuchlingi was likely premature, and

also inconsistent with our continued recognition at that time of

other species also synonymized by Georges and Thomson at

the same time (e.g., C. gunaleni and C. walloyarrina). Given

the potential conservation threats to this range-restricted spe-

cies and the lack of data supporting the prior synonymization,

we therefore now reverse our earlier decision and resurrect C.

kuchlingi from its synonymy with “C. rugosa” (now C. ob-

longa) and await further data-driven analyses from Kuchling,

Georges, and others.

43. Chelodina oblonga (formerly C. rugosa): Thomson

(2000) demonstrated that the holotype of Chelodina oblonga

Gray 1841 is actually a specimen of what had over the last ca.

40 years been referred to as Chelodina rugosa Ogilby 1890

from northern Australia. The ICZN was petitioned (Thomson

2006, 2007) to conserve current usage of the name C. rugosa

for the Northern Snake-necked Turtle and to apply the next

available name, Chelodina colliei Gray 1856a, to the South-

western Snake-necked Turtle, instead of the commonly and

erroneously used name C. oblonga. We previously discussed

this ICZN case in our second checklist (Rhodin et al. 2008).

Recently, in their Opinion 2315, the ICZN (2013a) declined

to support the petition to give precedence to the younger, re-

cently used name C. rugosa over the older name C. oblonga

for the Northern Snake-necked Turtle. Although the latter spe-

cies has been known as C. rugosa since 1974 and was listed as

such in previous editions of this checklist, we now follow the

ruling of the ICZN and use the name Chelodina (Macroche-

lodina) oblonga Gray 1841 for the Northern Snake-necked

Turtle, although the name Chelodina (Macrochelodina) ru-

gosa Ogilby 1890 remains an available name in the synon-

ymy of C. oblonga. The decision by the ICZN has also been

followed by Kennett et al. (2014) in their recently published

account on the Northern Snake-necked Turtle in this CBFTT

monograph series.

44. Macrodiremys: In an attempt to conserve usage of the

name Chelodina oblonga for the Southwestern Snake-necked

Turtle, McCord and Joseph-Ouni (2007b) designated the lec-

totype of Chelodina colliei (set by Thomson 2000) as the neo-

type of Chelodina oblonga. At the time this was done, there

was already an open case before the ICZN (Thomson 2006)

concerning whether to use the name C. oblonga or C. rugosa

for the Northern Snake-necked Turtle (see annotation 43). It

should also be noted that the setting of a neotype where an ex-

tant holotype (or lectotype) already exists can only be done by

the ICZN. In their subsequent Opinion (ICZN 2013a), it was

ruled that, considering the confusion over these names and

the potential for further confusion, that the Principle of Prior-

ity should be followed, and that C. oblonga should maintain

priority over C. rugosa for the northern taxon. By associat-

ing the new name Macrodiremys oblonga to the lectotype of

C. colliei, McCord and Joseph-Ouni (2007b) had effectively

erected a new nominal species as a junior objective synonym

of C. colliei. Thus, since M. oblonga was the type species for

the new genus Macrodiremys, then in effect so was also its

senior objective synonym, C. colliei. Fortunately, the latter

was not already a type species for another genus. Georges and

Thomson (2010) reduced the various genera of snake-necked

turtles to subgeneric status, all under the oldest genus name

Chelodina; this has been recognized in previous editions of

the checklist (TTWG 2012), however, the subgenus name for

C. colliei was left undetermined because of the uncertainty

surrounding the case. In this checklist edition, now that the

ICZN Opinion has been published, this matter can be rectied

by restoring the subgeneric name Macrodiremys, which fol-

lows the intent of McCord and Joseph-Ouni (2007b).

45. Elseya and E. schultzei: Based primarily on mtDNA

data, Georges et al. (2014) identied three reciprocally mono-

phyletic, deeply divergent clades within the taxon formerly

recognized as Elseya novaeguineae: 1) the Birds Head

(Kepala Burung, Vogelkop, or Doberai Peninsula) population

of western Indonesian New Guinea, 2) the population on the

New Guinea mainland north of the Central Range, and 3) the

mainland population south of the Central Range. They also

demonstrated some phylogeographic structure within each of

those three clades, and conrmed the genetic distinction of E.

branderhorsti of the southern lowlands / Fly River oodplain

as separate from the E. novaeguineae clades. They suggested

that these three clades each deserved species rank, and they

followed Rhodin and Genorupa (2000) in noting that the

southern form is distinct and undescribed and that the name E.

schultzei (Vogt 1911) is available for the northern population.

They also implied that the name E. novaeguineae should be

applied to the Birds Head population (the source of the type).

We follow these recommendations and now recognize E.

schultzei as a full species (again), and await additional work

450 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

in progress to determine the appropriate name for the southern

form, whose populations we retain under E. novaeguineae

pending further work.

46. Flaviemys and F. purvisi: Using molecular data

only, Le et al. (2013) concluded that the species known as

Myuchelys purvisi is the sister taxon to all other taxa that were

included in Emydura, Elseya and/or Myuchelys. To correct

this paraphyly, they erected a new monotypic genus, Flavie-

mys, with type species Elseya purvisi Wells and Wellington

1985, by original designation and monotypy. There is also

support for this in previous studies, where Flaviemys purvisi

and Myuchelys georgesi were perceived as a cryptic species

pair, very similar by appearance, but on analysis were found

not to be sister taxa (Georges and Adams 1992; Georges et

al. 1998; Thomson and Georges 2009; Georges and Thomson

2010; Fielder et al. 2012; Fielder 2013). We follow this new

taxonomy here.

47. Pelusios castaneus seychellensis: Based on mi-

tochondrial gene sequence data from all known lineages of

Pelusios, Stuckas et al. (2013) found that the lectotype of P.

seychellensis was nested among specimens of the West Afri-

can P. castaneus. They concluded that P. seychellensis was

most likely based on specimens of P. castaneus not native to

the Seychelles Islands, and recommended the synonymy of P.

seychellensis with P. castaneus. However, Bour (1983) identi-

ed signicant morphological differences between these two

taxa, and recently (Bour 2013) argued that seychellensis might

represent an ancient prehistoric introduction of castaneus to

the islands by humans that has subsequently diverged mor-

phologically from the ancestral population. He recommended

the use of the subspecic designation P. castaneus seychellen-

sis until additional comparisons (especially morphological)

can be made between castaneus and seychellensis, a recom-

mendation we have adopted. See also the pertinent discussion

of the geographic occurrence of this species in the distribu-

tional data appendix below.

48. Podocnemis erythrocephala: The forgotten names

Emys bitentaculata and Hydraspis bitentaculata were not list-

ed or synonymized by Wermuth and Mertens (1961, 1977) or

Fritz and Havaš (2007). Gray (1830e) rst placed the Cuvier

manuscript name Emys bitentaculata under his concept of

Chelys (Hydraspis) and subsequently (Gray 1831d) described

it himself as Hydraspis bitentaculata: “Testa rufa, subtus pal-

lide lutea nigro maculate, scutello nuchal nullo.” Fitzinger

(1835) synonymized both names under his concept of Hy-

draspis (Podocnemis) tracaxa (which also included Podocne-

mis expansa in part and some chelid turtles). Gray’s descrip-

tion did not identify the species very well, but the combination

of a red shell (testa rufa), two barbels (bitentaculata), and lack

of a nuchal scute (scutello nuchal nullo) suggests that it is in-

deed a Podocnemis, and we tentatively place it as most likely

synonymous with P. erythrocephala, which shares those fea-

tures, including a red shell margin in juveniles.

49. Humboldt Podocnemis names: Alexandre de Hum-

boldt rst published the names Testudo arrau (= P. expansa)

and Testudo terekay (= P. unilis) in the French version of

his original work (Humboldt 1819a:243). This work was

subsequently translated into English (Humboldt 1819b:482),

and later (Humboldt 1820:415) into German. These various

translations have caused some confusion in the literature, and

some authors (including our previous TTWG checklists) have

even attributed the names to Humboldt in Gray (1831d:77).

However, the French version remains the original source for

these names. Both names are considered nomina oblita (see

also annotation for P. unilis).

50. Podocnemis unilis: Emys cayennensis was de-

scribed from French Guiana by Schweigger (1812), but was

incorrectly applied to Podocnemis erythrocephala for most of

its history (reviewed in Pritchard and Trebbau 1984; but see

David 1994 and Bour 2006). In 1819 Humboldt (see annota-

tion 49) described Testudo terekay from Venezuela; however,

this obscure work was ignored by most subsequent authors

(but see Schinz 1833). In 1830 Bell (in Gray 1830e) described

Chelys (Hydraspis) lata from Guyana and this name was also

ignored by most subsequent authors until Rhodin et al. (2008)

declared it a nomen oblitum (see also Schneider et al. 2012).

All three of these names apply to the taxon Podocnemis

unilis that was nally described from Guyana by Troschel

(1848), and the latter name has been applied to the Yellow-

spotted Amazon Turtle by most (but not all) authors over the

last 165 years. In light of this complicated nomenclatural his-

tory, and in an effort to ensure the stability of Troschel’s name,

Vogt et al. (2013) petitioned the ICZN to conserve the name

Podocnemis unilis Troschel 1848 for the Yellow-spotted

Amazon Turtle, giving it precedence over Emys cayennensis

whenever the two are considered synonymous. Furthermore,

they declared the names Testudo terekay Humboldt 1819a and

Chelys (Hydraspis) lata Bell in Gray 1830e as nomina oblita.

Our checklist reects this arrangement, pending an ICZN

ruling.

appenDix –

DisTriBuTional DaTa

Distribution Updates: Having provided distribution data in

earlier checklists, we record a number of updates and corrections

that have been made in this year’s checklist.

Chelydra acutirostris: Páez et al. (2012) listed the occurrence of

this species in the Colombian Departments of Caldas and Quindio,

but did not list records from Atlántico, Bolivar, Magdalena, or Sucre.

Trachemys c. or o. callirostris: Páez et al. (2012) reported

the occurrence of this taxon in the Colombian Department of

Cundinamarca.

Trachemys d. decussata: Parham et al. (2013) documented

the occurrence of this taxon in northwestern Jamaica, including

hybridization with T. terrapen; whether the occurrence is native

or introduced remains unknown.

Trachemys emolli or grayi emolli: McCranie et al. (2013)

documented the occurrence of this taxon in Honduras, while

Ibarra Portillo et al. (2009) documented its occurrence in eastern

El Salvador.

Cuora amboinensis: Wangyal et al. (2012) reported this and

four other species from southern Bhutan, the rst turtles reported

from that country.

Cuora mouhotii: Rahman (2012) reported the occurrence of

this species in the southern Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh,

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 451

Wangyal et al. (2012) reported it from southern Bhutan, and Ly et

al. (2013) extended its range in southern Vietnam.

Cyclemys gemeli: Wangyal et al. (2012) reported this species

from southern Bhutan.

Melanochelys tricarinata: Wangyal et al. (2012) reported this

species from southern Bhutan.

Aldabrachelys gigantea: The historic and present distribution

of native and introduced populations of the various morphotypes

or subspecies (gigantea, arnoldi, and hololissa) of giant tortoises

in the Seychelles (including all granitic and coralline islands) has

been analyzed in detail and updated by Gerlach et al. (2013).

Centrochelys sulcata: Participants at the IUCN/TFTSG Sub-

Saharan African Red List workshop in 2013 noted that C. sulcata

occurs in Benin, Cameroon, and Togo, and may possibly occur in

Djibouti, Somalia, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen. Its presence in Yemen

and Saudi Arabia was also previously noted by Gasperetti et al. (1993).

Indotestudo elongata: Wangyal et al. (2012) reported this

species from southern Bhutan.

Kinixys erosa: Participants at the Sub-Saharan African Red

List workshop considered that Kinixys erosa certainly occurs in

Benin and Togo, but is absent from Burkina Faso.

Kinixys homeana: In their CBFTT species account, Luiselli and

Diagne (2013) noted that K. homeana occurs in the Central African

Republic. They questioned its occurrence in Gabon and noted that

it does not occur in Congo (ROC) and that old historical records

from the eastern Congo (DRC) were likely based on misidentied

K. erosa. These historical records need further evaluation.

Kinixys nogueyi: Participants at the Sub-Saharan African

Red List workshop considered the distribution of Kinixys nogueyi

to include the Central African Republic, but that the species does

not range as far south as Equatorial Guinea or Gabon, and that

records from Mauritania are likely historic, but that the species

no longer occurs there.

Cyclanorbis senegalensis: Participants at the Sub-Saharan

African Red List workshop considered that the occurrence of C.

senegalensis is uncertain in Cameroon, Central African Republic,

and Liberia, and that the species is likely extirpated from Mauritania.

Rafetus swinhoei: Wang et al. (2013) extended and dened the

known recent historic range of this Critically Endangered species

in the upper Red River of southern Yunnan, China.

Mesoclemmys dahli: Páez et al. (2012) and Forero-Medina

et al. (2013, CBFTT account) documented the occurrence of M.

dahli in the Colombian Department of Magdalena.

Mesoclemmys gibba: Páez et al. (2012) recorded the occurrence

of M. gibba in the Colombian Departments of Arauca and Guaviare.

Mesoclemmys perplexa: Campos et al. (2011) recorded the

occurrence of M. perplexa in the Brazilian State of Goiás.

Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei: Vinke et al. (2013) reviewed

the distribution of M. vanderhaegei and concluded that there are

no conrmed records for Bolivia.

Platemys platycephala: Páez et al. (2012) recorded the occur-

rence of P. platycephala in the Colombian Departments of Guainía,

Guaviare, Meta, and Vichada.

Peltocephalus dumerilianus: Páez et al. (2012) reported P.

dumerilianus to inhabit the Colombian Department of Guaviare.

Pelusios bechuanicus: In earlier versions of this checklist,

we included Congo (DRC) as part of the range of P. bechuani-

cus. However, we have been unable to verify this occurrence,

and consider that this was based on old literature records of P.

upembae, which was originally described as a subspecies of P.

bechuanicus.

Pelusios castaneus: Stuckas et al. (2013) questioned earlier

records of occurrence of P. castaneus on Cape Verde and suggested

that our recording of that presence on our previous checklists was

outdated. We have investigated this further and agree with them.

Although Boulenger (1906) documented the collection of a speci-

men of “Sternothaerus derbianus” (= P. castaneus) from a “small

island in Praja Bay, S. Jago” (= Santiago), Chevalier (1935) noted

that the specimen was most likely introduced from West Africa and

that no Caboverdians were aware of any freshwater turtles in the

islands. However, Boulenger’s record (mapped among others by

Iverson 1992) led to the assumption for a long time that the spe-

cies occurred in the islands; but surveys of the local herpetofauna

have failed to record its presence (Schleich 1982, 1987, 1996;

Vasconcelos et al. 2013), even as an introduced population. The

small island where it was originally collected housed a prison where

turtles had evidently been released into a small pond at some point

in the past. We therefore remove Cape Verde from the distribution

of P. castaneus.

For this same species, we also question whether it occurs na-

tively on São Tomé. Although it has been recorded from there, and

specimens have been collected and genetically analyzed (Stuckas

et al. 2013), the species does not occur on either nearby Príncipe or

the other volcanic oceanic islands in the same archipelago (Manaças

1956; Jones 1994), nor is there any record of the species occurring

on the nearby continental island of Bioko (Equatorial Guinea) off the

coast of Cameroon. São Tomé was rst settled by the Portuguese,

who brought African slaves to the island, so it appears most likely

that West African P. castaneus were introduced to São Tomé in

conjunction with the slave trade. In fact, the genetic analysis by

Stuckas et al. (2013) demonstrated that their São Tomé specimen

was essentially indistinguishable from an Ivory Coast specimen,

lending further strength to this theory.

Podocnemis erythrocephala: Páez et al. (2012) reported that P.

erythrocephala occurs in the Colombian Department of Guaviare,

and perhaps in Vichada.

Podocnemis lewyana: Páez et al. (2012) reported that the range

of P. lewyana extends into the Colombian Department of Tolima.

Podocnemis sextuberculata: Páez et al. (2012) reported that P.

sextuberculata occurs in the Colombian Departments of Caquetá

and Putomayo.

Podocnemis vogli: Páez et al. (2012) reported that P. vogli

occurs in the Colombian Department of Guaviare, but did not

indicate occurrence in Boyacá.

Distribution of Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles

Freshwater and terrestrial turtles and tortoises (excluding sea

turtles) have now been recorded as occurring in 163 nations or

territories (excluding introductions, but including 8 nations where

these taxa have been extirpated in modern times). Since our last

checklist, Bhutan, Kosovo, and Palestine have been added and

Mongolia and Cape Verde deleted from this list.

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia,

Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh,

Belarus, Belgium (extirpated), Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bhutan,

Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bul-

garia, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cay-

man Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Colombia,

Congo (DRC), Congo (ROC), Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus,

Czech Republic (extirpated), Denmark (extirpated), Djibouti,

Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial

Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia (extirpated), Ethiopia, France, French

Guiana, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece,

Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,

Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast,

452 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5

Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kuwait,

Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,

Lithuania, Luxembourg (extirpated), Macedonia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius (extirpated),

Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myan-

mar, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands (extirpated), Nicaragua, Niger,

Nigeria, North Korea, Pakistan, Palestine, Panama, Papua New

Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto

Rico, Réunion (extirpated), Romania, Russia, Rwanda, São Tomé

and Príncipe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra

Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa,

South Korea, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname,

Swaziland, Switzerland (extirpated), Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan,

Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago,

Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA,

Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

Distribution of Marine Turtles: Sea turtles have now been

recorded as occurring in 168 nations or territories (excluding cases

of presumed vagrancy).

Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua

and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Ascension, Australia, Bahamas,

Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bonaire,

Brazil, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands,

Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Cayman

Islands, Chile, China, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands,

Colombia, Comoros, Congo (DRC), Congo (ROC), Cook Islands,

Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica,

Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial

Guinea, Eritrea, Fiji, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia,

French Southern Territories, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Great Brit-

ain, Greece, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea,

Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran,

Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya,

Kiribati, Kuwait, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malay-

sia, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania,

Mauritius, Mayotte, Mexico, Micronesia, Monaco, Montenegro,

Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru,

Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua,

Nigeria, Niue, North Korea, Northern Mariana Islands, Oman,

Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines,

Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Réunion, Russia, Saint Kitts and

Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, São

Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Le-

one, Singapore, Sint Maarten, Slovenia, Society Islands, Solomon

Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka,

Sudan, Suriname, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste,

Togo, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuamotu, Tunisia,

Turkey, Turks and Caicos, Tuvalu, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay,

US Virgin Islands, USA, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Wallis and

Futuna, Western Sahara, Yemen.

LITERATURE CITED

This bibliography is divided into four sections: 1) all primary

taxonomic citations noted in this checklist, including all descriptions of

new species, subspecies, and genera, nomen nudum and nomen novum

replacement names for all taxa and genera, and cited suprageneric

names, 2) secondary literature cited in this year’s introduction and

in the annotations to the current checklist, including taxonomic revi-

sions and related publications that do not contain primary taxonomic

citations, and 3) CBFTT accounts and checklists published in this

monograph project and referred to in the checklist.

Most of the primary taxonomic citations listed here

are available online as downloadable pdf’s at

www.iucn-tftsg.org/taxonomic-literature-database/.

primary Taxonomic liTeraTure

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AgAssiz, louis. 1857a. Contributions to the Natural History of the

United States of America. First Monograph. Vol. I. Part I. Essay on

Classication. Part II. North American Testudinata. Boston: Little,

Brown and Co., Vol. I, pp. 1–452.

AgAssiz, louis. 1857b. Contributions to the Natural History of the

United States of America. First Monograph. Vol. II. Part III. Em-

bryology of the Turtle. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., Vol. II, pp.

453–643.

Ahl, ernst. 1932. Beschreibung einer neuen Schildkröte aus Australien.

Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu

Berlin 1932(1/3):127–129.

Ameghino, Florentino. 1882. Catálogo explicativo de las colecciones de

Antroplogía, prehistoria y de paleontología de Florentino Ameghino.

Buenos Aires: Catálogo de la Sección de la Provincia de Buenos

Aires en la Exposición Continental Sud Americana, Anexo A:35–42.

Anderson, John. 1875. Description of some new Asiatic mammals and

Chelonia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)16:282–285.

Anderson, John. 1876. Note on the plastron of the Gangetic mud-turtle

(Emyda dura of Buchanan-Hamilton). Journal of the Proceedings

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Anderson, John. 1879 [“1878”]. Anatomical and Zoological Re-

searches, Comprising an Account of the Zoological Results of the

Two Expeditions to Western Yunnan in 1868 and 1875. London:

Bernard Quaritch, Vol. I, 985 pp., Vol. II, 29 pp. + pls.

AnnAndAle, nelson. 1906. Testudo baluchiorum, a new species. Journal

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AnnAndAle, nelson. 1912a. The Indian mud–turtles (Trionychidae).

Records of the Indian Museum 7(2):151–180.

AnnAndAle, nelson. 1912b. The aquatic chelonia of the Mahanaddi

and its tributaries. Records of the Indian Museum 7(3):261–266.

AnnAndAle, nelson. 1913. The tortoises of Chota Nagpur. Records

of the Indian Museum 9(5):63–78.

AnnAndAle, nelson. 1915a. Notes on some Indian Chelonia. Records

of the Indian Museum 11(11):189–195.

AnnAndAle, nelson. 1915b. Herpetological notes and descriptions.

Records of the Indian Museum 11(19):341–347.

AnnAndAle, nelson. 1918. Chelonia and Batrachia of the Inlé Lake.

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Antenbrink-Vetter, SUSAnne And Vetter, holger. 1998. Neuer Name

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bArboUr, thomAS And CArr, ArChie F., Jr. 1938. Another Bahamian

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bArboUr, thomAS And CArr, ArChie F., Jr. 1940. Antillean terrapins.

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seconDary liTeraTure ciTeD in

This year’s inTroDucTion anD annoTaTions

Many of the secondary citations listed here and in previous

checklists are available online as downloadable pdf’s at

www.iucn-tftsg.org/taxonomic-literature-database/. All citations

from the CBFTT monograph series are listed in the next section

AlVAreZ del toro, m. 1972. Los Reptiles de Chiapas, 2nd. Ed. Tuxtla

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AngielCZyk, k.d. And FeldmAn, C.R. 2013. Are diminutive turtles

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Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 108:727–755.

AnSorge, h., FritZ, U., terbiSh, k., And ShAr, S. 2012. "Agrionemys

kazachstanica terbishi" or the two-faced Mongolian steppe tortoise.

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BerlAndier, J.L. 1980. Journey to Mexico during the years 1826 to

1834. Translated by S.M. Ohlendorff, J.M. Bigelow, and M.M.

Standifer. Botanical notes by C. H. Muller and K. K. Muller. Denton,

TX: The Texas State Historical Association. Two Volumes, 672 pp.

berry, J.F. 1978. Variation and systematics in the Kinosternon

scorpioides and K. leucostomum complexes (Reptilia: Testudines:

Kinosternidae) of Mexico and Central America. Ph.D. Thesis,

University of Utah.

Boulenger, G.A. 1906. Report on the reptiles collected by the late L.

Fea in West Africa. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di

Genova (3)2(42):196–216.

Bour, R. 2006. Types of Podocnemidae in the Muséum National

d’Histoire Naturelle. Emys 13(1):27–40.

Bour, R. 2013. Actualités chez les tortues des Seychelles. Chéloniens

29:27–41.

boUrqUe, J.r. 2012. A fossil mud turtle (Testudines, Kinosternidae)

from the early middle Miocene (early Barstovian) of New Mexico.

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32(4):836–853.

brown, A.d., temple-miller, k., rooSenberg, w.m., And white,

M.M. 2012. Mitochondrial DNA variation in the Ouachita map

turtle. Copeia 2012:301–306.

bUhlmAnn, k.A., Akre, t.S.b., iVerSon, J.b., kArApAtAkiS, d., mit-

termeier, r.A., georgeS, A., rhodin, A.g.J., VAn diJk, p.p., And

giBBons, J.W. 2009. A global analysis of tortoise and freshwater

turtle distributions with identication of priority conservation areas.

Chelonian Conservation and Biology 8(2):116–149.

bUtler, J.m., dodd, C.k., Jr., AreSCo, m., And AUStin, J.D. 2011.

Morphological and molecular evidence indicates that the Gulf Coast

box turtle (Terrapene carolina major) is not a distinct evolutionary

lineage in the Florida Panhandle. Biological Journal of the Linnean

Society 102:889–901.

CAmpoS, F.S., morAeS, r.l. de, And pereirA, C.S.A. 2011. New state

record of Mesoclemmys perplexa Bour and Zaher, 2005 (Reptilia:

Chelidae) in Brazil. Herpetology Notes 4:263–264.

CheSi, F. 2009. Il registro fossile italiano dei cheloni. Ph.D. Thesis,

Università di Firenze, Italy.

CheVAlier, A. 1935. Les îles du Cap Vert. Géographie, biogéographie,

agriculture. Flore de l'archipel. Revue de Botanique Appliquée et

d'Agriculture Tropicale, Paris 15:733–1090.

ChkhikVAdZe, V.m., mAZAnAeVA, l.F., And kVAChAdZe, T.O. 2013.

[Terrestrial turtles of the Caucasus and North-West Iran]. Buletin

ştinţic–Revistă de Etnograe, Ştiinţele Naturii şi Muzeologie

(Ştiinţele Naturii). Serie nouă 18(31):72–86. [In Russian]

dAniloV, i.g., CherepAnoV, g.o., And Vitek, n.S. 2013. Chelonologi-

cal studies of L.I. Khosatzky with his annotated bibliography on

turtles. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute Russian Academy

of Sciences 317(4):382–425.

dAVid, p. 1994. Liste des reptiles actuels du monde. I. Chelonii.

Dumerilia 1:7–127.

eChternACht, A.C., bUrton, F.J., And blUmenthAl, J.M. 2011. The

amphibians and reptiles of the Cayman Islands: conservation issues

in the face of invasion. In: Hailey, A., Wilson, B.S., and Horrocks,

J.A. (Eds.). Conservation of Caribbean Island Herpetofaunas. Vol-

ume 2. Regional Accounts of the West Indies. Brill, pp. 129–147.

ehret, d.J., boUrqUe, J.r., And hUlbert, r.C., Jr. 2013. Case 3628.

Terrapene putnami Hay, 1906 (Testudines, Emydidae): replacement

of the holotype by designation of a neotype. Bulletin of Zoological

Nomenclature 70(3):193–198.

ewert, m.A., etChberger, C.r., And nelSon, C.E. 2004. Turtle

sex-determining modes and TSD patterns, and some TSD pattern

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downloadable doi-designated pdf's

cBfTT monograph

rhodin, A.g.J., pritChArd, p.C.h., VAn diJk, p.p., SAUmUre, r.A.,

bUhlmAnn, k.A., iVerSon, J.b., And mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.).

2008–2014. Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tor-

toises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Fresh-

water Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs,

No. 5 (Installments 1–7). Lunenburg, Massachusetts: Chelonian

Research Foundation, 1070 pp.

cBfTT checklisTs

rhodin, A.g.J., VAn diJk, p.p., And pArhAm, J.F. 2008. Turtles of the

world: annotated checklist of taxonomy and synonymy. Chelonian

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tUrtle tAxonomy working groUp [rhodin, A.g.J., pArhAm, J.F., VAn

diJk, p.p., And iVerSon, J.b.]. 2009. Turtles of the world: annotated

checklist of taxonomy and synonymy, 2009 update, with conservation

status summary. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(2):000.39–84.

tUrtle tAxonomy working groUp [rhodin, A.g.J., VAn diJk, P.P.,

iVerSon, J.b., And ShAFFer, h.b.]. 2010. Turtles of the world,

2010 update: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distri-

bution, and conservation status. Chelonian Research Monographs

5(3):000.85–164.

tUrtle tAxonomy working groUp [VAn diJk, P.P., iVerSon, J.b.,

ShAFFer, h.b., boUr, r., And rhodin, A.g.J.]. 2011. Turtles of the

world, 2011 update: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy,

distribution, and conservation status. Chelonian Research Mono-

graphs 5(4):000.165–242.

tUrtle tAxonomy working groUp [VAn diJk, P.P., iVerSon, J.b.,

ShAFFer, h.b., boUr, r., And rhodin, A.g.J.]. 2012. Turtles of the

world, 2012 update: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy,

distribution, and conservation status. Chelonian Research Mono-

graphs 5(5):000.243–328.

tUrtle tAxonomy working groUp [VAn diJk, P.P., iVerSon, J.b.,

rhodin, A.g.J., ShAFFer, h.b., And boUr, r.]. 2014a. Turtles of

the world, 7th edition: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synon-

ymy, distribution with maps, and conservation status. Chelonian

Research Monographs 5(7):000.329–479.

tUrtle tAxonomy working groUp [rhodin, A.g.J., thomSon, S.,

georgAliS, g.l., kArl, h.-V., dAniloV, i.g., tAkAhAShi, A., de

lA FUente, m.S., boUrqUe, J.r., delFino, m., boUr, r., iVerSon,

J.b., ShAFFer, h.b., And VAn diJk, P.P.]. 2014b. Turtles and tor-

toises of the world during the rise of humanity: checklist of extinct

Holocene and Pleistocene chelonian taxa. Chelonian Research

Monographs 5(7): in preparation.

cBfTT species accounTs

AnderS, b. And iVerSon, J.B. 2012. Mauremys nigricans (Gray 1834)

– Red-necked Pond Turtle, Chinese Red-necked Turtle, Kwang-

tung River Turtle, Black-necked Pond Turtle. Chelonian Research

Monographs 5(5):068.1–9.

berry, J.F. And iVerSon, J.B. 2011. Kinosternon scorpioides (Linnaeus

1766) – Scorpion Mud Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs

5(4):063.1–15.

bertolero, A., CheylAn, m., hAiley, A., liVoreil, b., And willemSen,

R.E. 2011. Testudo hermanni (Gmelin 1789) – Hermann’s Tortoise.

Chelonian Research Monographs 5(4):059.1–20.

bhUpAthy, S., webb, r.g, And prASChAg, P. 2014. Lissemys punctata

(Bonnaterre 1789) – Indian Flapshell Turtle. Chelonian Research

Monographs 5(7):076.1–12.

blAnkenShip, e.l., bUtterField, b.p., And godwin, J.C. 2008. Grapte-

mys nigrinoda Cagle 1954 – Black-knobbed Map Turtle, Black-

knobbed Sawback. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(1):005.1–6.

boCk, b.C., páeZ, V.p., And dAZA, J.M. 2010. Trachemys callirostris

(Gray 1856) – Colombian Slider, Jicotea, Hicotea, Galapago, Mor-

rocoy de Agua. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(3):042.1–9.

Bour, R. 2008. Pelusios adansonii (Schweigger 1812) – Adanson’s

Mud Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(1):017.1–4.

boUr, r. And gerlACh, J. 2008. Pelusios seychellensis (Siebenrock

1906) – Seychelles Mud Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs

5(1):018.1–3.

bower, d.S. And hodgeS, k.m. 2014. Chelodina expansa Gray 1857

– Broad-Shelled Turtle, Giant Snake-Necked Turtle. Chelonian

Research Monographs 5(7):071.1–8.

boyCott, r.C. And boUrqUin, O. 2008. Pelomedusa subrufa (Lacepède

1788) – Helmeted Turtle, Helmeted Terrapin. Chelonian Research

Monographs 5(1):007.1–6.

broAdley, d.g. And boyCott, R.C. 2008. Pelusios rhodesianus Hewitt

1927 – Variable Mud Turtle, Variable Hinged Terrapin. Chelonian

Research Monographs 5(1):004.1–3.

broAdley, d.g. And boyCott, R.C. 2009. Pelusios sinuatus (Smith

1838) – Serrated Hinged Terrapin. Chelonian Research Monographs

5(2):036.1–5.

broAdley, d.g. And SAChSSe, W. 2011. Cycloderma frenatum Peters

1854 – Zambezi Flapshell Turtle, Nkhasi. Chelonian Research

Monographs 5(4):055.1–5.

bUhlmAnn, k.A., gibbonS, J.w., And JACkSon, D.R. 2008. Deirochelys

reticularia (Latreille 1801) – Chicken Turtle. Chelonian Research

Monographs 5(1):014.1–6.

bUry, r.b. And germAno, D.J. 2008. Actinemys marmorata (Baird and

Girard 1852) – Western Pond Turtle, Pacic Pond Turtle. Chelonian

Research Monographs 5(1):001.1–9.

bUSkirk, J.r. And ponCe-CAmpoS, P. 2011. Terrapene nelsoni Stejneger

1925 – Spotted Box Turtle, Tortuga de Chispitas, Tortuga de Monte.

Chelonian Research Monographs 5(4):060.1–9.

CArr, J.l. And girAldo, A. 2009. Rhinoclemmys nasuta (Boulenger

1902) – Large-nosed Wood Turtle, Chocoan River Turtle. Chelonian

Research Monographs 5(2):034.1–6.

Cerdá-ArdUrA, A., Soberón-mobArAk, F., mCgAUgh, S.e., And

vogt, R.C. 2008. Apalone spinifera atra (Webb and Legler 1960)

– Black Spiny Softshell Turtle, Cuatrociénegas Softshell, Tortuga

Concha Blanda, Tortuga Negra de Cuatrociénegas. Chelonian Re-

search Monographs 5(1):021.1–4.

Congdon, J.d., grAhAm, t.e., hermAn, t.b., lAng, J.w., pAppAS,

m.J., And breCke, B.J. 2008. Emydoidea blandingii (Holbrook

1838) – Blanding’s Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs

5(1):015.1–12.

dAs, I. 2008. Pelochelys cantorii Gray 1864 – Asian Giant Softshell

Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(1):011.1–6.

dAs, I. 2009. Melanochelys tricarinata (Blyth 1856) – Tricarinate

Hill Turtle, Three-keeled Land Turtle. Chelonian Research Mono-

graphs 5(2):025.1–5.

dAs, I. 2010. Morenia ocellata (Duméril and Bibron 1835) – Bur-

mese Eyed Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(3):044.1–5.

dAS, i. And bhUpAthy, S. 2009a. Hardella thurjii (Gray 1831)

– Crowned River Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs

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5(2):023.1–6.

dAS, i. And bhUpAthy, S. 2009b. Melanochelys trijuga (Schweigger

1812) – Indian Black Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs

5(2):038.1–9.

dAS, i. And bhUpAthy, S. 2010. Geoclemys hamiltonii (Gray 1830)

– Spotted Pond Turtle, Black Pond Turtle. Chelonian Research

Monographs 5(3):043.1–6.

dAS, i. And SengUptA, S. 2010. Morenia petersi Anderson 1879 – In-

dian Eyed Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(3):045.1–5.

dAS, i. And Singh, S. 2009. Chitra indica (Gray 1830) – Narrow-

headed Softshell Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs

5(2):027.1–7.

dAS, i., bASU, d., And Singh, S. 2010. Nilssonia hurum (Gray 1830)

– Indian Peacock Softshell Turtle. Chelonian Research Mono-

graphs 5(3):048.1–6.

dAS, i., SengUptA, S., And prASChAg, P. 2010. Pangshura sylhetensis

Jerdon 1870 – Assam Roofed Turtle. Chelonian Research Mono-

graphs 5(3):046.1–6.

dAS, i., SirSi, S., VASUdeVAn, k., And mUrthy, B.H.C.K. 2014.

Nilssonia leithii (Gray 1872) – Leith’s Softshell Turtle. Chelonian

Research Monographs 5(7):075.1–5.

deepAk, V., rAmeSh, m., bhUpAthy, S., And VASUdeVAn, K. 2011. In-

dotestudo travancorica (Boulenger 1907) – Travancore Tortoise.

Chelonian Research Monographs 5(4):054.1–6.

dieSmoS, A.C., bUSkirk, J.r., SChoppe, S., dieSmoS, m.l.l., Sy, e.y.,

And brown, R.M. 2012. Siebenrockiella leytensis (Taylor 1920)

– Palawan Forest Turtle, Philippine Forest Turtle. Chelonian Re-

search Monographs 5(5):066.1–9.

dodd, C.k., Jr. 2008. Sternotherus depressus Tinkle and Webb

1955 – Flattened Musk Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs

5(1):013.1–7.

Forero-medinA, g. And CAStAño-morA, O.V. 2011. Kinosternon

scorpioides albogulare (Duméril and Bocourt 1870) – White-

throated Mud Turtle, Swanka Turtle. Chelonian Research Mono-

graphs 5(4):064.1–5.

Forero-medinA, g., CAStAño-morA, o.V., CárdenAS-AreVAlo, g.,

And medinA-rAngel, g.F. 2013. Mesoclemmys dahli (Zangerl and

Medem 1958) – Dahl’s Toad-Headed Turtle, Carranchina, Tortuga

Montañera. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(6):069.1–8.

FreemAn, A. And CAnn, J. 2014. Myuchelys latisternum (Gray 1867)

– Sawshelled Turtle, Saw-Shell Turtle. Chelonian Research Mono-

graphs 5(7):073.1–8.

georgeS, A., doody, J.S., eiSemberg, C., AlACS, e.A., And roSe, M.

2008. Carettochelys insculpta Ramsay 1886 – Pig-nosed Turtle,

Fly River Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(1):009.1–17.

gerlACh, J. 2008a. Pelusios castanoides intergularis Bour 1983

– Seychelles Yellow-bellied Mud Turtle, Seychelles Chestnut-

bellied Terrapin. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(1):010.1–4.

gerlACh, J. 2008b. Pelusios subniger parietalis Bour 1983 – Sey-

chelles Black Mud Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs

5(1):016.1–4.

gerlACh, J. 2009. Aldabrachelys arnoldi (Bour 1982) – Arnold’s Gi-

ant Tortoise. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(2):028.1–5.

gerlACh, J. 2011. Aldabrachelys hololissa (Günther 1877) –

Seychelles Giant Tortoise. Chelonian Research Monographs

5(4):061.1–5.

hAgen, C., plAtt , S.g., And inniS , C.J. 2009. Leucocephalon yu-

wonoi (McCord, Iverson, and Boeadi 1995) – Sulawesi Forest

Turtle, Kura-kura Sulawesi. Chelonian Research Monographs

5(2):039.1–7.

hoFmeyr, M.D. 2009. Chersina angulata (Schweigger 1812) – An-

gulate Tortoise, South African Bowsprit Tortoise. Chelonian Re-

search Monographs 5(2):030.1–6.

howeth, J.g. And brown, W.S. 2011. Terrapene coahuila Schmidt

and Owens 1944 – Coahuilan Box Turtle. Chelonian Research

Monographs 5(4):049.1–13.

iVerSon, J.b. And Vogt, R.C. 2011. Kinosternon acutum Gray 1831

– Tabasco Mud Turtle, Montera, Chechagua de Monte. Chelonian

Research Monographs 5(4):062.1–6.

iVerSon, J.b., CArr, J.l., CAStAño-morA, o.V., gAlViS-riZo,

C.A., renteríA-moreno, l.e., And Forero-medinA, G. 2012.

Kinosternon dunni Schmidt 1947 – Dunn’s Mud Turtle, Cabeza

de Trozo. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(5):067.1–5.

JACkSon, D.R. 2010. Pseudemys nelsoni Carr 1938 – Florida Red-

bellied Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(3):041.1–8.

JoneS, r.l. And SelmAn, W. 2009. Graptemys oculifera (Baur 1890)

– Ringed Map Turtle, Ringed Sawback. Chelonian Research

Monographs 5(2):033.1–8.

kennett, r., roe, J., hodgeS, k., And georgeS, A. 2009. Chelodina

longicollis (Shaw 1784) – Eastern Long-necked Turtle, Common

Long-necked Turtle, Common Snake-necked Turtle. Chelonian

Research Monographs 5(2):031.1–8.

kennett, r., FordhAm, d.A., AlACS, e., Corey, b., And georgeS, A.

2014. Chelodina oblonga Gray 1841 – Northern Snake-Necked

Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(7):077.1–13.

leAry, C.J., dobie, J.l., mAnn, t.m., Floyd, p.S., And nelSon, D.H.

2008. Pseudemys alabamensis Baur 1893 – Alabama Red-bellied

Cooter, Alabama Red-bellied Turtle. Chelonian Research Mono-

graphs 5(1):019.1–9.

lindemAn, P.V. 2008. Sternotherus carinatus Gray 1856 – Razorback

Musk Turtle, Razor-backed Musk Turtle. Chelonian Research

Monographs 5(1):012.1–6.

loViCh, J.e., godwin, J.C., And mCCoy, C.J. 2011. Graptemys ernsti

Lovich and McCoy 1992 – Escambia Map Turtle. Chelonian Re-

search Monographs 5(4):051.1–6.

loViCh, J.e., godwin, J.C., And mCCoy, C.J. 2014. Graptemys pulchra

Baur 1893 – Alabama Map Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs

5(7):072.1–6.

loViCh, J.e., SelmAn, w., And mCCoy, C.J. 2009. Graptemys gib-

bonsi Lovich and McCoy 1992 – Pascagoula Map Turtle, Pearl

River Map Turtle, Gibbons’ Map Turtle. Chelonian Research

Monographs 5(2):029.1–8.

loViCh, J.e., yASUkAwA, y., And otA, H. 2011. Mauremys reevesii

(Gray 1831) – Reeves’ Turtle, Chinese Three-keeled Pond Turtle.

Chelonian Research Monographs 5(4):050.1–10.

lUiSelli, l. And diAgne, t. 2013. Kinixys homeana Bell 1827 –

Home’s Hinge-Back Tortoise. Chelonian Research Monographs

5(6):070.1–10.

moll, e.o., plAtt, k., plAtt, S.g., prASChAg, p., And VAn diJk, p.p.

2009. Batagur baska (Gray 1830) – Northern River Terrapin.

Chelonian Research Monographs 5(2):037.1–10.

otA, h., yASUkAwA, y., FU, J., And Chen, t.h. 2009. Cuora avo-

marginata (Gray 1863) – Yellow-margined Box Turtle. Chelonian

Research Monographs 5(2):035.1–10.

páeZ, V.p., reStrepo, A., VArgAS-rAmireZ, m., And boCk, B.C. 2009.

Podocnemis lewyana (Duméril 1852) – Magdalena River Turtle.

Chelonian Research Monographs 5(2):024.1–6.

plAtt, S.g., thAndA Swe, win ko ko, plAtt, k., khin myo myo,

rAinwAter, t.r., And emmett, D. 2011. Geochelone platynota

(Blyth 1863) – Burmese Star Tortoise, Kye Leik. Chelonian Re-

search Monographs 5(4):057.1–9.

plAtt, S.g., plAtt, k., win ko ko, And rAinwAter, T.R. 2014. Chitra

vandijki McCord and Pritchard 2003 – Burmese Narrow-Headed

Softshell Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(7):074.1–7.

pritChArd, p.C.H. 2008. Chelus mbriata (Schneider 1783) – Mata-

mata Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(1):020.1–10.

Turtles of the World Checklist – 7th Edition – 2014 479

rhodin, A.g.J., ibArrondo, b.r., And kUChling, G. 2008. Chelodina

mccordi Rhodin 1994 – Roti Island Snake-necked Turtle, Mc-

Cord’s Snake-necked Turtle, Kura-kura Rote. Chelonian Research

Monographs 5(1):008.1–8.

rhodin, A.g.J., métrAiller, S., Vinke, t., Vinke, S., Artner, h., And

mittermeier, R.A. 2009. Acanthochelys macrocephala (Rhodin,

Mittermeier, and McMorris 1984) – Big-headed Pantanal Swamp

Turtle, Pantanal Swamp Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs

5(2):040.1–8.

SChoppe, S. And dAS, I. 2011. Cuora amboinensis (Riche in Daudin

1801) – Southeast Asian Box Turtle. Chelonian Research Mono-

graphs 5(4):053.1–13.

SelmAn, w. And JoneS, R.L. 2011. Graptemys avimaculata Cagle

1954 – Yellow-blotched Sawback, Yellow-blotched Map Turtle.

Chelonian Research Monographs 5(4):052.1–11.

SoUZA, F.l. And mArtinS, F.I. 2009. Hydromedusa maximiliani (Mi-

kan 1825) – Maximilian’s Snake-necked Turtle, Brazilian Snake-

necked Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(2):026.1–6.

StUArt, J.n. And wArd, J.P. 2009. Trachemys gaigeae (Hartweg

1939) – Big Bend Slider, Mexican Plateau Slider, Jicotea de la Me-

seta Mexicana. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(2):032.1–12.

thomSon, S., kennett, r., tUCker, A., FitZSimmonS, n.n., FeAther-

Ston, p., AlACS, e.A., And georgeS, A. 2011. Chelodina burrun-

gandjii Thomson, Kennett, and Georges 2000 – Sandstone Snake-

Necked Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(4):056.1–7.

Vinke, t., Vinke, S., riChArd, e., CAbrerA, m.r., pASZko, l., mA-

rAno, p., And métrAiller, S. 2011. Acanthochelys pallidipectoris

(Freiberg 1945) – Chaco Side-necked Turtle. Chelonian Research

Monographs 5(4):065.1–7.

Vogt, r.C., plAtt, S.g., And rAinwAter, T.R. 2009. Rhinoclemmys

areolata (Duméril and Bibron 1851) – Furrowed Wood Turtle,

Black-bellied Turtle, Mojena. Chelonian Research Monographs

5(2):022.1–7.

Vogt, r.C., poliSAr, J.r., moll, d., And gonZAleZ-porter, G. 2011.

Dermatemys mawii Gray 1847 – Central American River Turtle,

Tortuga Blanca, Hickatee. Chelonian Research Monographs

5(4):058.1–12.

wArd, J.p. And JACkSon, D.R. 2008. Pseudemys concinna (Le

Conte 1830) – River Cooter. Chelonian Research Monographs

5(1):006.1–7.

yASUkAwA, y. And otA, H. 2008. Geoemyda japonica Fan 1931 –

Ryukyu Black-breasted Leaf Turtle, Okinawa Black-breasted

Leaf Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(1):002.1–6.

yASUkAwA, y. And otA, H. 2010. Geoemyda spengleri (Gmelin

1789) – Black-breasted Leaf Turtle. Chelonian Research Mono-

graphs 5(3):047.1–6.

yASUkAwA, y., yAbe, t., And otA, H. 2008. Mauremys japonica

(Temminck and Schlegel 1835) – Japanese Pond Turtle. Chelo-

nian Research Monographs 5(1):003.1–6.

Citation Format for this Account:

tUrtle tAxonomy working groUp [VAn diJk, P.P., iVerSon, J.b.,

rhodin, A.g.J., ShAFFer, h.b., And boUr, r.]. 2014. Turtles of the

world, 7th edition: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy,

distribution with maps, and conservation status. In: Rhodin, A.G.J.,

Pritchard, P.C.H., van Dijk, P.P., Saumure, R.A., Buhlmann, K.A.,

Iverson, J.B., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biol-

ogy of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of

the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group.

Chelonian Research Monographs 5(7):000.329–479, doi:10.3854/

crm.5.000.checklist.v7.2014.

First successful reproduction of the Chinese striped-necked turtle Mauremys sinensis (Gray, 1834) in a European wetland

Article

Jan 2021

Alien species are considered one of the main threats to biodiversity, and amongst them turtles are the most traded taxon worldwide. We are reporting observations on the Chinese striped-necked turtle (Mauremys sinensis Gray, 1834) and particularly the first evidence of reproduction in a European wetland. During an eradication project of non-native turtles, underway since 2019, we observed a hatchling of Mauremys sinensis in the Torre Flavia wetland (Tyrrhenyan coast of Central Italy). This finding suggests the naturalization of the local population, requiring increased attention since the disturbance by M. sinensis adds to that of the invasive population of Trachemys scripta in the study area. In the absence of control and management on introduced nuclei, this situation can lead to a widespread naturalization of M. sinensis, with detrimental and irreversible impacts on endangered native taxa such as Emys orbicularis.

Assessing Brazilian turtles’ vulnerability BY USING species distribution models AND dispersal constraints

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2024
BIODIVERS CONSERV

Most assessments of the conservation status of Brazilian turtles use the IUCN geographic range criteria performed by the Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP). This technique often leads to over- or under-estimating the geographic distribution of rare, vulnerable, or endangered species. We aimed to demonstrate that using Species Distribution Models (SDM) on the geographic range assessment of turtles could be more accurate than using the minimum polygon convex. We reduced overestimation of species’ extent of occurrence by adding dispersal constraints, which avoids under- or over-estimating the impact of threatening events. The extent of occurrence derived from MCP was 31% higher than SDM on average, ranging from 4 to 311% higher. Using remaining habitat variables, we found that habitat loss within the predicted extent of occurrence increased by 79% from 1985 to 2019, and inferred population fragmentation increased by 161%. The distribution of turtles Acanthochelys radiolata, Acanthochelys spixii, Hydromedusa maximiliani, Hydromedusa tectifera, Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei, Phrynops williamsi, and Ranacephala hogei is severely fragmented, with most of their extent of occurrence being split into patches that are unavailable to the species persistence. Our findings highlight the importance of using SDM combined with dispersal constraints, which may further benefit from future information about the dispersal capacity of turtles. Furthermore, adding environmental layers to this combination makes it possible to discuss processes affected by habitat fragmentation, such as the fragmentation of species populations, an aspect essential to evaluate population viability and local extinctions.

New species of Polystomoides (Monogenoidea: Polystomatidae) parasitizing the urinary bladder of a freshwater turtle in Brazil Nova espécie de Polystomoides (Monogenoidea: Polystomatidae) parasitando a bexiga urinária de uma tartaruga de água doce no Brasil

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2023
REV BRAS PARASITOL V

How to cite: Lignon JS, Cohen SC, Justo MCN, Du Preez L, Comarella CG, Nishimaru RA, et al. New species of Polystomoides (Monogenoidea: Polystomatidae) parasitizing the urinary bladder of a freshwater turtle in Brazil. Braz J Vet Parasitol 2023; 32(3): e007823. https://doi. Abstract Trachemys dorbigni is the most abundant freshwater turtle species in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Chelonians are known to host a wide variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, hemoparasites and helminths. Among these, nine genera of polystomatid flatworms (Monogenoidea; Polystomatidae) infect freshwater turtles: Apaloneotrema, Aussietrema, Fornixtrema, Manotrema, Pleurodirotrema, Polystomoidella, Polystomoides, Uropolystomoides and Uteropolystomoides. However, little is known about the biology of these parasites in the Neotropical Realm. Through investigative cystoscopy, specimens of Polystomatidae were located inside the urinary bladder of the host T. dorbigni. Retrieved specimens were fixed and stained whole mounts prepared for taxonomic identification. In the present paper, a new species of Polystomoides (Monogenoidea: Polystomatidae) parasitizing the urinary bladder of a freshwater turtle of the species T. dorbigni in Brazil is described. Polystomoides santamariensis n. sp. differs from the congeneric species on the length of the genital spines, which are longer. Given the enormous diversity of freshwater turtles around the world, it is likely that a large number of chelonian polystomatids are still unknown.

ANALISIS FILOGENI KURA-KURA BATOK (Cuora Amboinensis) WILAYAH INDONESIA TIMUR (AMBON, LUWU, DAN GORONTALO) BERBASIS SEKUEN GEN CYTOCHROME B

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2023

Candra Hermawan

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan kekerabatan Kura-Kura Batok (Cuora amboinensis) wilayah Ambon, Luwu, dan Gorontalo dilihat dari analisis konstruksi pohon filogeni, jarak genetik, dan similaritas berdasarkan variasi sekuens gen Cytochrome b. Penelitian ini masuk ke dalam penelitian deskriptif eksploratif yang dilakukan di dalam laboratorium. Tahapan dalam penelitian ini meliputi isolasi DNA jaringan, purifikasi DNA, Poly Chain Reaction (PCR), elektroforesis horizontal, sekuensing gen, dan analisis filogeni menggunakan software MEGA 6. Sampel dalam penelitian ini merupakan 8 spesies yang berasal dari Ambon, Gorontalo, dan Luwu. Hasil analisis filogeni menunjukkan nilai jarak genetik sebesar 0,003-0,349 dan nilai similaritas genetik sebesar 65,13%-99,70%. Cuora amboinensis dari daerah yang sama memiliki hubungan kekerabatan lebih tinggi dibanding dari daerah yang berbeda. Terdapat anomali pada sampel Gorontalo 10 yang berkerabat dekat dengan wilayah Ambon padahal kedua sampel tersebut terletak pada pulau yang berbeda. Kondisi ini dapat karena terjadi perdagangan lintas wilayah pada C. amboinensis sehingga menyebabkan variasi genetik rendah serta tingkat simialiaritas genetik tinggi pada spesies yang terletak pada pulau berbeda.

History and historical DNA: Identity of Chelodina intergularis Fry, 1915 and type localities of C. intergularis and C. rugosa Ogilby, 1890

Article

Full-text available

May 2024
ZOOTAXA

Based on the phylogenetic placement of a near-complete mitogenome sequence of the holotype of Chelodina intergularis Fry, 1915 generated with hDNA approaches, we present evidence for the synonymy of this nominal species with Chelodina rugosa Ogilby, 1890. The type specimens of both taxa are housed in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Scrutinizing historical records, we conclude that the type locality of both taxa is most likely the vicinity of Somerset, at the northern extremity of Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia. We figure and describe both type specimens. Our results support the earlier conclusion that the exceptional arrangement of intergular and gular scutes in the holotype of C. intergularis is an individual aberration.

Conservation units alone are insufficient to protect Brazilian Amazonian chelonians

Article

Full-text available

May 2024

The creation of protected areas (PAs) is not always based on science; consequently, some aquatic species may not receive the same level of protection as terrestrial ones. The objective of this study was to identify priority areas for the conservation of chelonians in the Brazilian Amazon basin and assess the contribution of PAs, distinguishing between Full Protection Areas, Sustainable Use Areas, and Indigenous Lands for group protection. The entire species modeling procedure was carried out using Species Distribution Models. Location records were obtained from platforms such as SpeciesLink, GBIF, the Hydroatlas database, and WorldClim for bioclimatic variables adjusted with algorithms like Maximum Entropy, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Gaussian-Bayesian. Indigenous lands cover more than 50% of the distribution areas of chelonian species in the Brazilian Amazon. Protected areas with higher conservation importance (Full Protection Areas and Sustainable Use Areas) hold less than 15% of the combined species distribution. Researchers face significant challenges when making decisions with models, especially in conservation efforts involving diverse taxa that differ significantly from one another within a group of individuals.

Review of the distribution, population trends, threats, and conservation options for the endangered Zambezi flapshell turtles (Cycloderma frenatum Peters, 1854) in range states

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2024

Beaven Utete

The endangered Zambezi flapshell turtle, Cycloderma frenatum Peters, 1854, is endemic to southern and eastern Africa. Habitat ecology and usage are not well known for the Zambezi flapshell turtle, although its population has been reported to have undergone massive declines in recent years. This review examined the i) population trends, ii) habitat range shifts, and iii) threats and conservation options for the Zambezi flapshell turtle in its range states. The species is data deficient because of a lack of assessments of trends in population size and distribution. Trafficking, overfishing, poaching, habitat degradation, and infrastructural developments in riparian zones affect the distribution of the Zambezi flapshell turtle. Conservation options such as deterrent punishments and protection of aquatic habitats are important, although they need to be consistently implemented. Carefully managed harvest plans supported by captive breeding, highly controlled incubation of eggs, hatching of larvae, and remotely sensed tracing of specimens to curb trafficking are potentially effective conservation options for the Zambezi flapshell turtle. Inclusion in international wildlife trade regulations, integration of local ecological knowledge into management, and development of connectivity conservation strategies are priority actions for sustaining the Zambezi flapshell turtle populations across the shared basins where it is endemic.

Testudines Cognition

Chapter

May 2022

“We’re gonna die!” Do Brazilian conservation units provide protection to the Amazonian chelonians?

Preprint

Full-text available

Dec 2023

The creation of conservation areas (CAs) is not always based on science; consequently, some aquatic species may not receive the same level of protection as terrestrial ones. The objective was to identify priority areas for the conservation of chelonians in the Brazilian Amazon basin and assess the contribution of CAs, distinguishing between Full Protection Areas, Sustainable Use Areas, and Indigenous Lands for group protection. The entire species modeling procedure was carried out using Species Distribution Models (SDMs). Data points were obtained from platforms such as SpeciesLink, GBIF, the Hydroatlas database, and WorldClim for bioclimatic variables adjusted for algorithms like Maximum Entropy, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Gaussian-Bayesian. Indigenous lands cover more than 50% of the distribution areas of chelonians species in the Brazilian Amazon. Protection areas with higher conservation importance (Full Protection Areas and Sustainable Use Areas) hold less than 15% of the combined species distribution. Researchers face significant challenges when making decisions with models, especially in conservation efforts involving diverse taxa that differ significantly from one another within a group of individuals.

Turtle and tortoise mitogenomes under contrasting positive selection pressure

Article

Oct 2023

Testudinoidea represents an evolutionarily unique taxon comprising both turtles and tortoises. Turtles and tortoises are closely associated groups that inhabit contrasting habitats associated with unique physio-ecological challenges, which enable distinct adaptive evolutionary strategies. To compare the pattern and strength of Darwinian selection and physicochemical evolution in both turtle and tortoise mitogenomes, we used divergence and selection analyses. We analysed codon models and changes in structural and biochemical properties in mitochondrial protein coding genes (PCGs) of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) respiratory system. We detected strong evidence of positive selection in turtles whereas weak selection pressure were observed in tortoises. In turtles, highest gene and site-wise positive selection was detected in Platysternidae family. Among turtles, NAD2, NAD4 genes of OXPHOS Complex I, and COB gene of Complex III showed more positively selected sites, indicating convergent evolution. Across Testudinoidea, we observed pervasive selection in NAD3 and lineages specific selection in NAD2. This study revealed specific mitogenome sites responsible for physiochemical changes influencing positive selection in turtles and tortoises. Hence, our study provides insight into the selection pressure shaping distinct evolutionary pathways in two closely related reptiles which are often overlooked.

Bour, R. Une nouvelle espèce de Pelusios du Gabon (Reptilia, Chelonii, Pelomedusidae). Manouria, 3 (8): 1–32.

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2000

Bour, R. (2000) Une nouvelle espèce de Pelusios du Gabon (Reptilia, Chelonii, Pelomedusidae). Manouria, 3 (8): 1–32.

Taxinomie de Mauremys leprosa (Schweigger, 1812) dans le sud du Maroc: la « Tortue aux yeux bleus » (Reptilia, Chelonii, Geoemydidae). Manouria, 1(2): 22–52.

Article

Full-text available

Dec 1998

Mauremys leprosa est une espèce de Tortue d'eau douce dont l'aire de répartition s'étend principalement sur la péninsule Ibé-rique et le Maghreb occidental. Son identité spécifique, longtemps déniée, a été naguère revalidée, et tout récemment plusieurs races géographiques, toutes marocaines, ont été formellement décrites. Nous présentons ici une nouvelle sous-espèce également marocaine.

Myuchelys gen. nov. a new genus for Elseya latisternum and related forms of Australian freshwater turtle (Testudines: Pleurodira: Chelidae)

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2009

Myuchelys, a new genus, is erected for a well supported clade of Australasian freshwater turtles; its establishment resolves an unacceptable paraphyly in relationships among species of the genus Elseya. Molecular and morphological evidence indicates that the closest relationship of the new genus is with Emydura, not the redefined Elseya.

Some notes on the morphology of Emys orbicularis in Anatolia, especially on E. o. luteofusca and E. o. colchica, with the description of a new subspecies from southeastern Turkey

Article

Full-text available

Jan 1998

The identity of Testudo punctata Lacepède, 1788 (Testudines, Trionychidae)

Article

Jan 1980

Robert G. Webb

Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation: Pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée

Book

Jun 2015

Georges Cuvier

French zoologist and naturalist Georges Cuvier (1769–1832), one of the most eminent scientific figures of the early nineteenth century, is best known for laying the foundations of comparative anatomy and palaeontology. He spent his lifetime studying the anatomy of animals, and broke new ground by comparing living and fossil specimens - many he uncovered himself. However, Cuvier always opposed evolutionary theories and was during his day the foremost proponent of catastrophism, a doctrine contending that geological changes were caused by sudden cataclysms. He received universal acclaim when he published his monumental Le règne animal, which made significant advances over the Linnaean taxonomic system of classification and arranged animals into four large groups. The sixteen-volume English translation and expansion, The Animal Kingdom (1827–35), is also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection. First published in 1817, Volume 2 of the original version covers reptiles and fish.

Sea turtles in Baja Californian waters (with special reference to those of the Gulf of California), and the description of a new subspecies of northeastern Pacific green turtle

Article