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1
2 (Welfare
wel fare, well
fare
Roskilde University
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welfare has to offer and what its implications are for the data which is needed to
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Keywords:
Bent Greve
www.cejpp.eu E
—Greve—What
is Welfare?
artiCleS
welfare
or
money
artiCleS— Greve—Wha t is Welfare?
Society at a Glance
welfare
artiCleS— Greve—Wha t is Welfare?
artiCleS— Greve—Wha t is Welfare?
fare:
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artiCleS— Greve—Wha t is Welfare?
artiCleS— Greve—Wha t is Welfare?
artiCleS— Greve—Wha t is Welfare?
23
It has not been possible to have the same countries and the same year in all tables, but this can
be regarded as less of a problem because the main issue here has been to show how to measure
welfare empirically in a comparative perspective.
—Composite index of social indicators and GDP per capita
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
POL HUN CZE PRT GRC ESP ITA DEU FIN SWE FRA GBR AUT NLD DNK CHE
90% confidence
interval for RCI
Average random composite index (RCI)
(based on 10 000 randomly assigned weights for each indicator)
RCI, median value
GDP per capita, normalised score
Source: ESociety at a Glance,
Social indicators).
—Public spending and public plus occupational spending on welfare as a
Net Gross Net Gross
Czech Republic
Denmark
France
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Poland
Spain
Sweden
Sources:
Note:
on Hungary and Poland are from Eurostat. The data do not include, as would have been desirable, all
artiCleS— Greve—Wha t is Welfare?
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Source: E
Note: This is one of Eurostat indicators on social cohesion.
0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
35 000
40 000
45 000
GDP pr. inhabitants
Average happiness
0 2 4 6 8 10
Denmark
Sweden
United Kingdom
Finland
Belgium
Germany
Italy
Spain
Slovenia
Portugal
Czech Republic
Estonia
Slovakia
Poland
Bulgaria
France
Source: See note ii
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tion whether to use purchasing power parities, but this would not alter the conclusion. For Italy
artiCleS— Greve—Wha t is Welfare?
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Sweden
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artiCleS— Greve—Wha t is Welfare?
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artiCleS— Greve—Wha t is Welfare?
