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Measuring effectiveness of safety programmes in the Thai construction industry
Construction Management and Economics
Abstract
Some safety programmes are more effective than others in improving safety performance at the project level. The effectiveness of safety programmes was evaluated by studying 70 construction projects in the Thai construction sector, examining the relationship between their actual status and associated site safety performance. The actual status was assessed by using an evaluation tool developed in compliance with Thai safety legislation and validated by safety experts. Safety performance was assessed by using reactive and proactive measures. Particularly, the accident rate was used as a reactive indicator, while the unsafe act index and the unsafe condition index were used as proactive indicators. The results demonstrated that safety performance was influenced by the nature of implemented safety programmes. First, safety programmes which positively affect accident rates include accident investigations, jobsite inspections, control of subcontractors and safety incentives. Secondly, five programmes, namely jobsite inspections, accident investigations, job hazard analysis, safety committees and safety record keeping, were found to have the most contributions to fewer unsafe acts. And thirdly, accident investigations, jobsite inspections, job hazard analysis, safety inductions and safety auditing were the most effective programmes in reducing unsafe conditions.
... 6. Observed Unsafe Behavior: It refers dividing the number of observed unsafe behaviors in a calendar year over the number of employees (non-use rate of PPE etc.) [16]. ...
... 10. Proportion Of Trained Workers: It refers dividing the number of trained workers (OHS, emergency situations, occupational risks, first aid etc.) over the number of workers required to be trained by legislation [16]. ...
... 11. Workspace Controls: It refers dividing the number of inspections carried out in the work place in 1 calendar year over the total number of employees [16]. ...
The importance of occupational health and safety is increasing day by day in Turkey; however the literature and researches are not sufficient in this field. There are still many issues that need to be investigated. Performance measurement is also one of the most important subjects in occupational health and safety field. After legislative, regulative changes and taken precautions, it is important to measure how the health and safety performance of the enterprises is affected by these changes. In this study, key performance indicators (KPIs), those are required for the measurement of occupational health and safety performance, are investigated. 15 KPIs, with measurable and concrete characteristics, are selected as a result of literature review and expert interviews. Later, with the help of 3 certified health and safety experts from healthcare sector, KPIs are ranked according to their importance by using Analytical Hierarchy Process, one of the multi criteria decision making methods. As a result, "Fatal Accident Frequency Rate" and "Risks with High Importance" are found the most important safety KPIs in healthcare sector. The main contribution of this study is to find measurable and objective key safety factors in healthcare sector and prioritize them by using the MCDM (Multiple Criteria Decision Making) technique, AHP. To the authors' knowledge this will be the first study in the literature that focuses on measurable KPIs and first study that prioritizes the key safety factors using AHP in healthcare sector.
... With emphasis directly on the concepts of effectiveness and efficiency, three articles were selected (Aksorn et al., 2008;Esmaieli et al., 2013;Hallowell et al., 2011). The first of them presents a methodology to assess the effectiveness of national OSH programs, and was implemented in Thailand. ...
... The first of them presents a methodology to assess the effectiveness of national OSH programs, and was implemented in Thailand. Although this methodology has been used at the national level, it is likely to be used in measuring the effectiveness and efficiency of safety management systems at enterprise level (Aksorn et al., 2008). The two other articles deal specifically with increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of safety performance levels implemented in the construction and maintenance of highways. ...
... Two articles (Bonometti, 2012;Aksorn et al., 2008) refer the safety management systems, only through the components of accident analysis, planning and implementation of training programs. All other components of workplace safety management systems are addressed in a generic way or even omitted. ...
The need to increase effectiveness and efficiency of the traditional instruments of Occupational Safety and Health is a major modern paradigms faced by technicians working in this area. Motorways and its sustainability are key factors for the functioning of a modern society which requires functional pathways for rapid transportation of people and goods. Thus, in order to contribute to the systematization of knowledge in this area, the main objective of this work is to present a systematic review on the relationship between the ef-fectiveness and efficiency of health and safety management on motorways. The systematic review methodolo-gy was the PRISMA Statement®. The search allowed to find 4495 articles based on defined keywords. After a preliminary examination, according established rejection and inclusion criteria, 12 articles were considered relevant to a more detailed study. It was concluded that most of the produced articles fails to link or address the concepts of effectiveness and efficiency through the integration of general principles of prevention in pro-duction processes. In future investigations will be relevant exploring this important gap
... Drawing on Tables 1 and 2 Table 1), studies focus on how it impacts the performance of the industry (Idoro 2008), measuring safety programmes (Aksorn and Hadikusumo 2008), safety culture (Williams et al. 2020) and Covid-19 (Simpeh & Amoah 2021). Other studies are H&S management practices (Aghimien et al., 2019); H&S management systems in construction contractor organisations (Okonkwo and Wuim 2020), and Safety management in infrastructure projects (Ammad et al. 2020). ...
... This is extensively covered in research as shown in Figs. 4-7 and Table 1 with specific examples of studies including Idoro (2008), Aksorn and Hadikusumo (2008), Aghimien et al. (2019), Okonkwo and Wuim (2020) and Ammad et al. (2020). However, the role of digital technologies such as internet-of-things in safety management (Jin et al. 2019a), safety programs in occupational health and safety management in specific DCs (Umeokafor, 2017) and the role of leadership in H&S management in construction require further exploration. ...
This bibliometric and scientometric analyses and critical review of construction health and safety (H&S) research in developing countries (DCs) over the past 31 years, identifies its trends, dissemination, knowledge gaps, study implications, and direction of future research. These are area overlooked. Using a science mapping approach, involving systematic bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database and scientometric analysis with VOSViewer software, this research fills the knowledge gap. The findings include that while construction H&S research is growing in a few countries such as China and South Africa, the majority of DCs such as Venezuela are yet to experience this increase. However, the research focus is not aligned with their problems. The studies examined mainly focus on risk-based research (e.g. risk management and assessment), accidents, human-related factors, safety management, site safety, and performance management. The research focus of construction H&S scholars in DCs differs from their global counterparts. Equality, diversity and inclusion in construction H&S; and safety culture and climate are still minimal. Many aspects of industry 4.0 concerning safety need to be examined, for example, ‘Big data and construction H&S', and industry 4.0 skills and knowledge requirements for construction H&S -associated activities. There is linear relationship (correlation) between keywords occurrences and their total strength. Mainly quantitative surveys and analytic hierarchy processes (AHP) are adopted, hence the need for qualitative methods studies. The study provides the first detailed evidence of the characteristics of construction H&S research in DCs and its underrepresentation in H&S research.
... This situation will greatly influence the employees' perception towards occupational safety and health management in the organization (Rhaffor, Saparuddin, & Maidin, 2018). Hence, safety management practices are the most effective way in reducing the number of unsafe conditions (Aksorn & Hadikusumo, 2008). ...
... This support the proposition described by Sheahan (2017) that safety management is a feature that enhances the efficiency of the business by anticipating operational, procedural or environmental hazards and threats before they happen. It is also aligned the pronouncement of Aksorn and Hadikusumo (2008) which illustrated the safety management practices is the most effective way in reducing the number of unsafe conditions. Table 5.3 mentioned the test of significance relationship among self-esteem and work engagement of non-commissioned police officers registered overall computed r-value of .159 ...
... Observation forms included observed items and criteria for unsafe scores developed in compliance with the Occupational Safety and Health Act (2006) and verified by a form used in a similar previous study in Thailand (Aksorn & Hadikusumo, 2008). The observation of workers' practices at a construction site was conducted first. ...
... The six most highly rated H&S programmes are circled with CV less than 0.50. Three of the five best-ranked H&S programmes differ from those found out by Aksorn & Hadikusumo (2008) in their study of the Thai construction industry. ...
... Observation forms included observed items and criteria for unsafe scores developed in compliance with the Occupational Safety and Health Act (2006) and verified by a form used in a similar previous study in Thailand (Aksorn & Hadikusumo, 2008). The observation of workers' practices at a construction site was conducted first. ...
... The six most highly rated H&S programmes are circled with CV less than 0.50. Three of the five best-ranked H&S programmes differ from those found out by Aksorn & Hadikusumo (2008) in their study of the Thai construction industry. The unsafe condition observation index was 42.8%. ...
... Hallowell and Gambatese (2009) Personal protective equipment (PPE) The provision of the required PPE for all workers PPE program; providing worker with safety clothes and shoes Aksorn andHadikusumo (2008), Choudhry et al. (2008), and Sawacha et al. (1999) Substance abuse The frequency of random drug and alcohol tests to prevent substance abuse among workers Drug and alcohol testing Lingard et al. (2017) and Hinze and Gambatese (2003) Incentives ...
... Examples of how some passive safety leading indicators are assessed and the extent that they predict performance were reviewed. The most prominent passive safety leading indicator is safety training, appearing in the majority of studies on the topic (Jaselskis et al. 1996;Hinze and Gambatese 2003;Aksorn and Hadikusumo 2008;Lai et al. 2011;Cheng et al. 2012;Hinze et al. 2013a;Goh and Chua 2013;Alarcón et al. 2016). The proposition is that having a safety training program on a project reduces the frequency of injuries (Hallowell and Gambatese 2009). ...
Safety leading indicators are measures of the safety management system that correlate with injury rates. The literature on the topic is dispersed and equivocal in the definition, categorization, and measurement of candidate indicators, which makes validation and replication difficult. This study includes a comprehensive review of safety leading indicator research, offers a distinction between leading indicators and other methods of safety prediction, and defines a clear method for distinguishing between active and passive indicators. By applying these definitions and leveraging empirical data, a statistical meta-analysis was performed to compute the relative effect sizes and significance for all salient indicators. Although active leading indicator research is rare and relatively recent, the meta-analysis indicates that inspections and pretask safety meetings correlate strongly with near-term project safety performance. Passive leading indicator research is relatively common and has been conducted for several decades. The results of the meta-analysis indicate that implementing safety recordkeeping, safety resource, staffing for safety, owner involvement, safety training/orientation, personal protective equipment, safety incentives program, and safety inspections and observation each improves long-term safety performance. The findings validate suspected leading indicators and serve as a first step toward standardization. Practitioners may use the findings to justify and target resource expenditures using pervasive scientific evidence.
... It includes viewing people's actions in a systematic manner and record, analyze and explain their behavior [27]. Many studies in the field of construction safety used observation as a mean to collect data from construction sites through checklists [28][29][30]. For example, observation was used for data collection in a study that aimed to determine the risk factors that affect carpenters working in the construction sites [28]. ...
... For example, observation was used for data collection in a study that aimed to determine the risk factors that affect carpenters working in the construction sites [28]. Furthermore, observation was also used as part of data collection in a study in Thailand that aimed to measure the effectiveness of safety programs in enhancing safety performance in construction sites [29]. New opportunity for safety endorsement in the construction industry may result from the implementation of a systematic safety observation methodology [30]. ...
The construction industry is well known for being one of the most dangerous industries worldwide. It is labor intensive and requires much movement of materials and machinery within a confined area, leading to a high level of safety hazards. In Saudi Arabia, the construction industry is considered a major contributor to work accidents. The current poor record of safety measures within the construction industry is leading to a high rate of accidents. The private sector of the construction industry in Saudi Arabia seems to be the primary source of these accidents, specifically in small-to medium-sized projects. This study aims to investigate the safety performance of small-to medium-sized construction projects in the private sector of Saudi Arabia through observation. The research investigates a number of safety aspects under five groups: 1) general – construction site; 2) workers' personal protective equipment (PPE); 3) heights and fall protection; 4) machinery; and 5) excavation. The findings suggest that there is an urgent need for the improvement of safety performance in the construction industry of Saudi Arabia and a number of recommendations that can assist in the enhancement of safety in the industry are proposed.
... Figura 12. Tipo de coleta de dados utilizada Em alguns casos a coleta foi realizada com vários tipos de coleta de dados, tais como "Measuring effectiveness of safety programs in the Thai construction industry". Nele os autores usaram entrevista e observações (Aksorn & Hadikusumo, 2008). No caso do artigo "Evaluating and selecting key performance indicators: an ANP based model", o autor utilizou entrevista, grupo focal e revisão de documentos (Carlucci, 2010). ...
... Similarly, in Thailand, there has been a growing emphasis on DfS within the construction sector. The Thai government, in collaboration with industry stakeholders, has been promoting DfS practices to reduce construction accidents and improve overall safety performance [19]. Designers in Thailand are encouraged to proactively consider safety aspects during the design process, aligning with international best practices and standards [20]. ...
Despite the rapid growth of infrastructure development in Indonesia, work safety remains a major concern in construction projects. Design-for-safety (DfS) is a critical strategy to prevent work accidents. The implementation of design-for-safety is one of the most important strategies for preventing work accidents. This study aimed to analyze multiple factors that influence the implementation of work safety design using two statistical approaches: structural equation modeling and an artificial neural network. Structural equation modeling analyzes the relationship pattern between variables and their indicators, and artificial neural network maps various similar patterns to predict variables that influence implementation. Designers, owners, policies, tools/equipment, knowledge, and contract documents positively affect design-for-safety implementation, with design and contract documents being the most significant variables. Accordingly, industry and government agencies are advised to prioritize contract documents and design factors, along with other variables as supporting factors in their programs to accelerate design-for-safety implementation in Indonesia.
... Workers who behave positively and safely at work are given promotions and praise [20,23] Safety training The extent to which all skilled and non-skilled employees are trained and made aware of workplace hazards [19,24] Provision of safety clothing and equipment To reduce injuries, it must be ensured that all workers are given the required safety clothing and appropriate personal protective equipment. Also, care must be taken to maintain them on an ongoing basis [4,49] Site planning and organization (layout) To reduce the risks exposed to the site, the site must be planned and organized (operating the site) in terms of the tools and equipment used, the available resources, and the methods used in the work procedures [11] Safety experience Workers who have experience with work accidents tend to attribute the cause of the accident to the environment. Worker safety training must be completed in order to provide the necessary safety capabilities. ...
In Egypt, the construction industry employs about 20% of the total work force in the local market. The health and safety (H&S) performance evaluation is adopted mainly to control H&S risks in construction sites. As such, there is a need to measure the safety performance in construction sites in a way that is proactive rather than just relying on interactive procedures. The main goal of this study is to develop an indicator to evaluate safety performance on construction sites. This is achieved through two basic steps. First, factors that affect safety performance in construction projects are determined by reviewing literature and conducting personal interviews. A total of 47 factors were collected. Then, a questionnaire was conducted to determine the most important factors that affect the H&S of construction projects in Egypt. The incentives and safety training were among the most important factors. Second, an index to evaluate safety performance has been developed. The purpose of this evaluation is to create a determinate through which construction sites safety could be assessed. The proposed model will be a useful tool to assist project managers and safety inspectors to assess safety performance in construction sites and thus help build safety regulations.
... The efficiency refers to obtaining the best safety performance from applying available resources. The effectiveness is the extent to which safety objectives are achieved (Aksorn & Hadikusumo, 2008). According to the earlier studies, Abad et al. (2013) categorized the drivers of the adaptation to the requirements of an OHSMS standard or guideline into two external and internal factors. ...
Occupational injuries are a major problem worldwide and affect all countries, particularly developing ones. In recent decades, the application of approaches such as the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) has led to the successful control of workplace injuries in high-income countries. The Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS) 18001 as a world- recognized OHSMS has gained considerable acceptance by a large number of organizations. However, few studies have examined the effectiveness of ISO 45001on safety performance in certified organizations. This study consisted of four sub-studies, and was conducted to explore the effect of ISO 45001on the occupational injury, safety climate, and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) practices in ISO 45001-certified companies compared with a control group in Iran. ISO 45001practices were also examined in the certified companies, where interviews were conducted to explore the influencing factors on the effectiveness of ISO 45001. A negative binomial regression indicated no significant effect of ISO 45001certification on the occupational injury rate. The second sub-study applied a new safety climate questionnaire, and a hierarchical regression indicated that the safety climate was influenced by the implementation of ISO 45001and safety training. The third sub-study pointed to the better OHS practices of the certified companies compared with the control ones. The results also showed that adopting the ISO 45001standard improved the documentation for the management of OHS, but did not lead to continuous improvement in the required practices. The evaluation of the collected evidence revealed the main reasons for a poor safety culture. The interviewees emphasized the internal and external influencing factors in the effectiveness of OHSAS including commitment of top management and the enforcement of OHS legal requirements. It can be concluded that the implementation of ISO 45001in an organization is not a guarantee of improved safety performance and of the existence of a high-quality management system. This study suggests that certified companies should focus on proper improvement and maintenance of the implemented management systems by escalating their commitment to the requirements of the established management systems and by participating their employees in ISO 45001practices. This study also emphasized the importance of providing safety training for employees who work in the certified companies. These efforts may help the companies in the creation of a good safety culture and the transforming the paper systems into effective management systems to make improvement in OHS performance. The aim of this report to assess and evaluate the effective implementation of occupational health & management system and hazards controls in the Motion & Industrial Automation products manufacturing Industries as per the relevant ISO standards and hierarchy of hazards controls, which is a system used in industry to minimize or eliminate exposure to hazards. Falls, chemical spills, fire, explosions, working at height, confined space working, mechanical material handling, etc. are few kinds of incidents that can happen in a manufacturing environment. Such incidents are not only tragic and frequently fatal for workers, but also extremely expensive for the employers. Between worker’s compensation, regulatory penalties, reduced/diminished productivity and the costs of fixing or replacing damaged equipment, a single incident can financially devastate a business. To avoid industrial accidents / catastrophes, keep your people from harm, ensure manufacturing compliance, and protect your bottom line, you need to get serious about safety. Manufacturing Safety is everything organizations does to ensure the physical well-being of the workers in the manufacturing facility or facilities. Manufacturing Safety is also about more than checking a few boxes or putting up ‘safety first’ signage. Manufacturing Safety keeps people alive and unharmed. Manufacturing Safety is also tied to workforce productivity. Manufacturing Safety is an essential form of risk management. Manufacturing Safety is a legal requirement. Manufacturing Safety and Profitability go hand-in-hand. Safe companies perform better and sustain in the business longer that unsafe companies.
... Determining safety training contents is another purpose of JSA [5]. Many retrospective studies have found that implementing a proper JSA is effective in preventing accidents [6,7] and promoting safety behavior [8]. Albrechtsen et al [9] asserted that JSA has at least six benefits: (1) formalization of work, (2) accountability, (3) participation of employees, (4) organizational learning, (5) hazard identification and situation awareness, and (6) loss prevention. ...
Background:
Job safety analysis (JSA) is a popular technique for hazard identification and risk assessment in workplaces that has been applied across a wide range of industries. This systematic review was conducted to answer four main questions regarding JSA: (1) which sectors and areas have used JSA? (2) What has been the aim of employing JSA? (3) What are the shortcomings of JSA? (4) What are the new advances in the field of JSA?
Methods:
Three main international databases were searched: SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PubMed. After screening and eligibility assessment, 49 articles were included.
Results:
Construction industries have used JSA the most, followed by process industries and healthcare settings. Hazard identification is the main aim of JSA, but it has been used for other purposes as well. Being time-consuming, the lack of an initial list of hazards, the lack of a universal risk assessment method, ignoring hazards from the surrounding activities, ambiguities regarding the team implementing JSA, and ignorance of the hierarchy of controls were the main shortcomings of JSA based on previous studies.
Conclusion:
In recent years, there have been interesting advances in JSA making attempts to solve shortcomings of the technique. A seven-step JSA was recommended to cover most shortcomings reported by studies.
... Safety auditing and review are directly related to safety performance (Moosa and Oriet, 2022;Shaikh et al., 2020). Various research studies have investigated the effectiveness of audits or reviews in safety performance and management (Teo and Ling, 2006;Aksorn and Hadikusumo, 2008;Moosa and Oriet, 2022;Nielsen et al., 2008;Yiu et al., 2018). ...
Purpose: Construction safety is heavily affected by using new technologies in this growing trend of technology adoption. Especially, safety performance is enhanced through the utilization of some effective technologies such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality, BIM, and wearable devices. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of emerging technologies on construction safety performance and quantify the relationship between those. The proposed components of emerging technologies are BIM, GIS, VR, RFID, AI, ML, Eye tracking and serious games, and wearable devices, whereas the dimensions of construction safety performance are safety planning, safety training, safety inspection and monitoring, safety audits and reviews, and safety leadership.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A structural model was composed consisting of emerging technologies and safety performance indicators. Then, a questionnaire was designed and administered to construction professionals and data from 167 projects was analyzed using structural equation modeling. The data was analyzed by using software, called SPSS AMOS.
Findings: The analysis of the structural model proves that there is a positive and significant relationship between emerging technologies and construction safety performance. Moreover, the factor loadings for each factor were found to be high indicating a good representation of the construct by the components developed. Among the technologies, BIM, robotics and automation, AI, and wearable devices were detected to be the most significant technologies in terms of impacting safety performance.
Originality/Value: The study contributes to the body of knowledge in that it develops a conceptual framework consisting of specific technologies in terms of emerging technologies, reveals the impact of such technologies on safety performance, and proposes several tools and strategies for enabling effective safety management along the project life cycle. Industry practitioners may benefit from the framework developed by adopting such technologies to enhance their safety performance on construction projects.
... De rol van regelovertreding komt in mindere mate aan de orde. Wel werd eerder de samenhang tussen zelfgerapporteerde naleving van veiligheidsmaatregelen en arbeidsongevallen onder constructiewerkers (Aksorn & Hadikusumo, 2008;Goldenhar, Williams & Swanson, 2003), hoogspanningswerkers (Hayes, Perander, Smecko & Trask, 1998) en werknemers van Brzo-bedrijven (Vinodkumar & Bhasi, 2009) onderzocht. Deze studies laten een verband zien tussen naleving van bepaalde veiligheidsmaatregelen en minder arbeidsongevallen. ...
Nederland is de laatste jaren opgeschrikt door een aantal ernstige incidenten in de chemische industrie. Bedrijven met grote hoeveelheden gevaarlijke stoffen worden over het algemeen jaarlijks geïnspecteerd op basis van het Besluit risico’s zware ongevallen (Brzo). Marieke Kluin en collega’s hebben de inspectierapporten van 494 van deze bedrijven onder de loep genomen om in kaart te brengen welke regels deze bedrijven overtreden en of er achterliggende patronen te ontdekken zijn die voorspellend kunnen zijn voor toekomstige incidenten.
Conclusie
Uit de analyse blijkt dat 9 op de 10 bedrijven de regels weleens overtreedt. Gemiddeld zijn er 15 overtredingen per bedrijf geregistreerd. Een klein aantal ‘notoir overtredende’ bedrijven (7%) is hierbij verantwoordelijk voor een kwart van alle geregistreerde overtredingen. Verder blijkt dat bedrijven die de regels overtreden, veel verschillende regels overtreden. Het gaat daarbij om overtredingen op het gebied van externe veiligheid, ongevalsrisico en milieuschade.
Op basis van de data hebben de onderzoekers patronen ontdekt waarbij de bedrijven in 3 groepen ingedeeld kunnen worden:
bedrijven waarbij de overtredingen toenemen
bedrijven waarbij de overtredingen afnemen
bedrijven waarbij de overtredingen gelijk blijven
Bedrijfskenmerken en de branche hangen slechts in beperkte mate samen met deze indeling. In een deelstudie zijn de onderzoekers nagegaan of incidenten en de ernst ervan te voorspellen zijn aan de hand van eerdere patronen van regelovertreding, eerder gemelde incidenten en een aantal bedrijfskenmerken. Dit lijkt tot op heden niet het geval te zijn. Dit geldt ook voor de inzet van toezicht.
... Figura 12. Tipo de coleta de dados utilizada Em alguns casos a coleta foi realizada com vários tipos de coleta de dados, tais como "Measuring effectiveness of safety programs in the Thai construction industry". Nele os autores usaram entrevista e observações (Aksorn & Hadikusumo, 2008). No caso do artigo "Evaluating and selecting key performance indicators: an ANP based model", o autor utilizou entrevista, grupo focal e revisão de documentos (Carlucci, 2010). ...
RESUMO: A ergonomia está relacionada à proteção da saúde dos trabalhadores involucrando os domínios físico, cognitivo e organizacional atingindo uma abordagem sistêmica em todos os aspectos da atividade humana. No mesmo sentido das atividades do Sistema de Gestão de Segurança e Saúde Ocupacional (SGSST). Essas atividades de prevenção precisam ser avaliadas para verificar sua eficácia e consequentemente estabelecer estratégias confiáveis de melhoria. Consequentemente, a avaliação de desempenho é considerada essencial no avanço do sistema e seus indicadores devem mensurar as particularidades dos riscos no contexto da empresa permitindo definir os planos de ação. Por tanto, caracterizar o tipo de avaliação e os indicadores de desempenho foi o objetivo deste artigo. Na pesquisa utilizou-se o ProKnow-C, realizando a análise sistêmica que identificou e explorou as características dos métodos aplicados. Foi verificado que 11 artigos utilizaram indicadores individuais ou isolados para medir o desempenho, 14 aplicaram um conjunto de indicadores. Os sistemas de avaliação aplicados consideram-se genéricos, por não se ajustar às particularidades da organização. Identificou-se uma lacuna de pesquisa em relação aos indicadores usados para avaliar o SGSST, por ser genéricos podem não oferecer informação precisa da situação do SGSST, isso pode levar a erros na definição de estratégias de melhoria. Igualmente, há ausência de estruturas para definir indicadores de desempenho ajustados às características da organização. Além disso, é necessário definir procedimentos de monitoramento para os indicadores, permitindo responder de forma eficaz ao controle dos riscos ocupacionais e contribuir na melhoria contínua da organização. A ergonomia busca adaptar o trabalho ao ser humano, abrangendo não apenas as atividades realizadas com máquinas e equipamentos utilizados para transformar os materiais. Além disso, toda a relação entre a pessoa e a atividade produtiva. Isso envolve, além do ambiente físico, aspectos cognitivos e organizacionais. Portanto, para alcançar os resultados desejados do trabalho, tanto nas atividades de planejamento e projeto quanto nas de controle e avaliação devem incluir a ergonomia com seus domínios físico, cognitivo e organizacional de forma a se obter um sistema de gestão completo (Iida & Buarque, 2016). Obter áreas de trabalho seguras, proporcionar a saúde física, psicológica e social de seus trabalhadores é uma preocupação constante das organizações. Para atingir esses objetivos foi desenvolvido Sistema de Gestão da Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho (SGSST). Entre 1970 e 1980, três desenvolvimentos fazem do sistema de gestão da segurança um tema de interesse geral: o aumento da demanda por regulamentos de segurança nos países europeus; os relatórios
... Safety investment is the bottom baseline with the specific objective of minimizing the incidence of injuries rather than representing serviceable cost. In safety investment, there is a huge gap between the degree of importance and real scenario in proper allocation of resources on Thai construction sites (Aksorn & Hadikusumo, 2008). Researchers used some indicators of safety investment construct to study the relationship-based determinants of safety performance on construction sites in India (Patel & Jha, 2016). ...
This research concentrates on exploring systematic partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLSSEM) for Prospective Safety Performance Evaluation (PSPE) in construction industry, showing causal relationships along with interactions within enablers and goals of PSPE which are taken into account. A questionnaire survey has been selected to test the conceptual model as the methodology with 135 valid respondents among three levels of construction; namely: private, public and International Non-Governmental
Organizations (INGOs) construction industry. The value of R2 for the endogenous latent variable is 0.532. The higher beta value is 0.288 along with a t- value of 4.350, which indicates that safety culture is strongly proportional to safety performance on the site more than any other construct factor. Moreover, private
construction with a value of 0.355 ranged in II (Good), public construction with value of 0.316 ranged in III (Fair) and INGO construction with a value of 0.374 ranged in II (Good) range as per Maximum Degree of Membership (MDM) principle. As per the evaluation results, the variation in various construction industry categories in the safety performance practice is analyzed and compared. This research can facilitate the advancement of safety performance in construction industries, as it provides clear insights into the cause-effect
relationship of safety performance factors and goals.
... These initiatives were designed to lead to a greater awareness on safety by all employees and improve their level of risk perception. In a company with an OH&S management system, activities related to the risk management developed by the organization are optimized, such as workplace inspections, risk assessment, risk control, risk communication and consultation, accident recording and analysis, as well as safety training (Aksorn and Hadikusumo, 2010;Vinodkumar and Bhasi, 2009;Abad et al., 2013). Consequently, the work conditions are improved and the risk perception levels increase, influencing employees' safety behaviors, and consequently, the accident rates (Arezes and Miguel, 2008;Fern andez-Muñiz et al., 2009;Ji et al., 2011;Barbosa et al., 2019). ...
The positive impact of introducing Occupational Health & Safety (OH&S) standards at the organization level is recognized by governments, employers and workers. Nevertheless, the knowledge on its effective use in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises is still limited. This case study aims to provide a better understanding of how the implementation of Integrated Management Systems (IMSs) influences the improvement of OH&S risk management process in medium-sized business. Particular attention was given to employees’ awareness about risk management effectiveness. The study was conducted in a company working in the area of solid waste treatment certified in 2009 with an IMSs for Quality, Environment, Occupational Health and Safety. The evolution of accidents before and after the implementation of the IMSs was analysed and a questionnaire was used to capture the perceptions of the technicians on the risk management system. The questionnaire was answered by 16 technicians of the company from different departments and in a second phase were conducted interviews with the Chief Executive Officer and the Technician responsible for the Management System. Finally, it was proved that there was an improvement in the record of occupational accidents and that the IMSs brought a greater involvement of workers in risk management activities, but their participation has not yet reached the desired level.
... De rol van regelovertreding komt in mindere mate aan de orde. Wel werd eerder de samenhang tussen zelfgerapporteerde overtreding van veiligheidsmaatregelen en arbeidsongevallen onder constructiewerkers (Aksorn & Hadikusumo, 2008;Goldenhar, Williams & Swanson, 2003), hoogspanningswerkers (Hayes, Perander, Smecko & Trask, 1998) en werknemers van chemische bedrijven (Vinodkumar & Bhasi, 2009) onderzocht. Deze studies laten een verband zien tussen overtreding van bepaalde veiligheidsmaatregelen en arbeidsongevallen. ...
Zowel in het oog springende rampen, als kleinere incidenten bij chemische bedrijven trekken een wissel op de leefomgeving. Brzo-regelgeving heeft als doel de gevolgen van chemische bedrijvigheid voor mens en milieu te beperken. Hieruit ontstaat de verwachting dat overtreding van deze regels voorspellend is voor het zich voordoen van incidenten. In de huidige studie worden de mogelijkheden onderzocht incidenten bij chemische bedrijven te voorspellen aan de hand van hun geschiedenis van regelovertreding, eerder gemelde incidenten en bedrijfskenmerken. Analyse van drie jaar aan inspectiegegevens en vijf jaar aan rapportage van incidenten toont aan dat de branche en het aantal eerder gemelde incidenten het plaatsvinden van een incident voorspellen. De bedrijfsgeschiedenis van regelovertreding voorspelt incidenten echter niet. Om het ontbreken van dit verband te kunnen duiden is nader onderzoek nodig.
... The training program, as suggested by previous evidence [12], provided for: inspection of the workplace (for analogy, in step 1 with video), safety incentives (reinforced on the job during step 2 by the person in charge), injury analysis (step 3, study of personal incidents). STEP 1 (4h): improvement of knowledge and favourable attitudes towards the protection of one's own health and that of others. ...
Our aim was to evaluate the effect of training on safety knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and health outcomes.
... In the previous study described that One of the efforts in preventing the level of effective workplace accidents is to improve the policy or regulation of regulation of safety management system in the construction industry. [19] concluded that one of the measures to minimize the risk of accidents is that the government needs to develop, enforce and monitor safety regulations and procedures as well as strictly. ...
Working accidents in the construction industry are among the highest in the world, affecting the three levels of both macro (National) mezzo (Enterprise) and micro (Projects) that need to be integrated in building a safety culture. The purpose of this research is to develop a conceptual framework in improving safety culture in the construction industry in Indonesia. The methodology was developed using literature study and deductive analysis which then performed expert validation to ensure the concept developed. The result of this research is that policy and institution as input to build safety culture which need to be followed up with increasing of company maturity which have implication to safety performance and construction project performance.
... is a topic of increasing concern for both academics and practitioners (Øien et al., 2011a, 2011b, OECD, 2008, Reiman and Pietikainen, 2012, HSE(Health and Safety Executive), 2006, Aksorn and Hadikusumo, 2008b, Hinze et al., 2013b, Dingsdag et al., 2008, Cipolla et al., 2009, Guo and Yiu, 2015. Leading indicators have taken on such importance because they monitor the level of safety in a system, identify safety problems and motivate people who are in a position to take remedial actions (Hale, 2009). ...
... In recent years, the design of safety leading indicators has been a topic of increasing concern to both academics and practitioners (Aksorn and Hadikusumo 2008;Cipolla et al. 2009;Dingsdag et al. 2008;Hinze et al. 2013;Øien et al. 2011a, b;Reiman and Pietikainen 2012). Leading indicators are expected to provide early warnings of accidents and motivate people to take remedial actions (Hale 2009). ...
This paper aims to develop a set of safety leading indicators that can be used by construction companies to assess safety levels and measure safety performance at the project level. The development process follows a four-step method: conceptualization, operationalization, indicator generation, and validation and revision. A pressure-state-practice (PSP) model is developed as an overall framework for developing safety leading indicators. The safety level of a construction project is conceptualized as a high-level abstract construct that can be assessed by state indicators, pressure indicators, and practice indicators. Criterion validity (i.e., concurrent validity and predictive validity), practicability, and cost-effectiveness of the leading indicators were qualitatively tested and supported by the empirical evidence collected from three construction projects. This paper adds to the literature on the development of safety leading indicators for the construction industry. The safety leading indicators developed in this paper provide the construction industry a promising tool to proactively measure safety performance and facilitate safety assessments.
... In addition, Hinze (2000) believes that investments in safety must be viewed as a means to improve the bottom line and, naturally, to reduce the incidence of injuries rather than just an operational cost. However, Aksorn and Hadikusumo (2008) found a large gap between the degree of importance and actual status in sufficient resource allocation, particularly in the safety budget when studying the safety program in the Thai construction industry. Nonetheless, this impact is largely an issue of probabilities, as there might be no injuries even if there is no investment in safety. ...
Safety performance in construction projects is attributed to many determinants (factors) in a safety system. This study identifies various directly or indirectly related determinants and their effects on safety performance of construction projects. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), this study empirically examines the effect of safety climate (SC), hazard management (HM), safety budget (SB), safety rules and regulations (SR), and safe work behavior (WB) of employees and workers on safety performance (SP) of projects. The unit of analysis of this study is a construction project. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and 230 responses were collected from different types of construction projects across India. The results provide evidence that safety climate, safety budget, and hazard management positively influence safe work behavior of employees and the safety performance of the project. Conversely, the SEM findings demonstrate that implementation of safety rules and regulations are positively but weakly related to safe work behavior of employees, although they positively and more strongly influence the safety performance of the project. On the basis of these empirical results, the study advocates allocating a sufficient safety budget to Indian construction projects. It also recommends considering the effects of the safety rules and regulations on safe work behavior of employees and workers while framing and revising them.
... A similar analysis of 70 Thai construction projects found that safety inductions were effective in reducing unsafe conditions. 13 By reviewing to the important status of safety training in reducing construction safety issues, high priority should be focused to ensure the effectiveness of the OSH training to raise the safety awareness level of the workers and shaping their safe work behaviour. ...
Safety issues have become a vital issue in the management of facilities in the construction industry, as the labour-intensive construction industry is particularly regarded as one of the most unsafe industrial sectors worldwide. To increase workplace safety, Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) training has been introduced and pursued. Based on previous research, training methods range from less to more engaging. This paper has reviewed the research from 2006 to present done on effectiveness of different training methods as the first investigation research was carried out in 2006. The literatures were searched through multiple electronic databases for published peer-reviewed articles. Findings have suggested that both training methods were able to impart safety knowledge and safety awareness to the workers; however, more engaging training methods would be more effective on training outcomes. Nevertheless, it was noted that those research projects did not take into consideration on the multiculturalism issue where language communication problem exist. Hence, this research proposes a mix mode of less and more engaging training methods to be applied in a multi-cultural workplace to enhance the effectiveness of training outcomes. This review may provide information on effective safety training methods to be applied in the multi-cultural construction industry.
... Growing concern over the limitations of outcome indicators and auditing has promoted a wide search for leading safety indicators (OECD 2003, HSE 2006, Aksorn and Hadikusumo 2008, Dingsdag et al. 2008, Cipolla et al. 2009, Øien et al. 2011a, 2011b, Reiman and Pietikainen 2012, Hinze et al. 2013). In the construction industry, a number of sets of leading indicators have been developed to help people measure safety performance and manage safety in a proactive manner (see Table 1). ...
Measuring safety performance provides feedback for proactive safety management and continuous improvements. Safety performance indicators can be considered as filters through which the reality is perceived, experienced and understood. This paper aims to assess the ability of existing safety performance indicators in the construction industry to capture the reality of safety. To fulfil the objective, an extensive literature review was conducted and three types of measurement methods were identified (e.g., outcome indicators, auditing, leading indicators). This paper discusses the limitations of each type of measurement method. The review reveals that the three types of measurement method are selected based on the safety management system (SMS) model. This paper argues that it may be inappropriate, and even dangerous, to use safety performance indicators that are selected based on the normative SMS approach as an evaluative tool to identify safety problems, offer solutions and measure safety performance. Given our limited knowledge about complex safety phenomena, safety performance indicators should be selected to first develop a valid description of a level of safety, before they are used as norms for evaluating safety performance and making decision.
... A regression analysis of the safety strategies and the site safety records of 45 Hong Kong construction companies identified safety training as one of the four most effective components of a safety programme (Tam and Fung, 1998). A similar analysis of 70 Thai construction projects found that safety inductions were effective in reducing unsafe conditions (Aksorn and Hadikusumo, 2008). Based on a survey of design and construction firms in Pennsylvania with 105 responses, Toole (2002) identified lack of training as one of eight root causes of construction accidents. ...
Construction workers’ ability to identify and assess risks is acquired through training and experience and is among the key factors that determine their behaviour and thus their safety. Yet researchers have questioned the effectiveness of conventional safety training. This research tested the hypotheses that safety training in a virtual reality (VR) construction site would be feasible and more effective, in terms of workers’ learning and recall in identifying and assessing construction safety risks, than would equivalent training using conventional methods. Sixty-six subjects were provided training in construction safety and their safety knowledge was tested prior to the training, immediately afterward, and one month later. Half of the subjects received traditional classroom training with visual aids; the other half were trained using a 3D immersive VR power-wall. Significant advantage was found for VR training for stone cladding work and for cast-in-situ concrete work, but not for general site safety. VR training was more effective in terms of maintaining trainees’ attention and concentration. Training with VR was more effective over time, especially in the context of cast-in-situ concrete works. Given the need for improved training and the advantages of training using VR, incorporation of VR in construction safety training is strongly recommended.
... In turn, Aksorn and Hadikusumo (2008), when exploring the performance of 17 programmes for the improvement of OSH in the construction sector in Thailand, noted that the greatest impact on the reduction in accident rate is exerted by actions in the following areas: accident investigations, safety inspections, control of subcontractors, and incentives for employees to work safely. Furthermore, Hinze et al. (2013), when discussing the concept of PPIs application in the construction sector, focused on two indicators: (1) percent of worker observations that were safe, and (2) number of positive reinforcements provided per 200,000 h). ...
Occupational safety and health management systems (OSH MSs) have been implemented in numerous enterprises worldwide since the mid-1980s. While stakeholders still have expectations on better prevention of occupational injuries and diseases, and on improving the working conditions, it suggest that new approaches are now needed to ensure OSH MS effectiveness, including development of new methods that would facilitate measurement of OHS MS operational status aimed at the genuine improvement of OSH management practices. A review of literature on leading pro-active safety performance indicators (PPIs) provided a rationale for a concept to elaborate a relatively small number of key performance indicators (KPIs) for measuring OSH MS operational performance. As a basis for this process an initial set of 109 PPIs was developed, composed of 20 sub-sets assigned respectively to individual OSH MS components. Next, for the selection of KPIs the method of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed. The ranking and prioritization of leading performance indicators was made in relation to a set of SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-bound) criteria.
... Haynes et al. (1982) were one of the early pioneers in this research area where they conducted a field research at a transport company and found that the combination of social influence, feedback and incentives reduced accidents among urban transit drivers. Aksorn and Hadikusumo (2008) and Hasan and Jha (2013) studied the construction industry in Thailand and India and found that SIP has potential to improve safety performance. However, these studies did not provide important details i.e. how were the SIPs introduced and implemented? ...
... 재해 위험요 소 도출 수준을 높이기 위해서 IT기술을 활용한 시스템을 함께 제 시하였다. Aksorn and Hadikusumo[11]은 재해 예방을 위한 프로그램들을 정량적으로 측정하여 효과적인 프로그램을 제시하 고 있다. 연구결과 안전정책이 가장 효과가 높은 프로그램으로 파 악되었다. ...
Building construction projects have various risk factors, so accidents is easily occurred in construction field. Therefore, many studies have been carried out to find methods for reducing such accidents. However, most of these studies have been focused to engineering factors, such as working methods and safety guards and equipments. The purpose of this study is to select the key accident risk factors in building construction projects. For this study, we identified the accident risk factors, which include engineering, education, and enforcement factors, and quantitatively evaluated these factors using an analytic hierarchical process. Identifying the key accident risk factors will help to reduce accidents in building construction projects.
... Other theorists have come to a similar conclusion and research exists to support the link between specific safety management practices and safety performance. For example, Aksorn and Hadikusumo (2008) found that safety management system practices including incident investigations, jobsite inspections, control of subcontractors, and safety incentives decreased incident rates; jobsite inspections, incident investigations, job hazard analysis, safety committees and safety recordkeeping decreased the number of unsafe acts that occurred; and incident investigations, jobsite inspections, job hazard analysis, and safety auditing were most effective in reducing the number of unsafe conditions. Vinodkumar and Bhasi (2011) found significantly differing perceptions of the linkage between safety management systems and safety performance in OHSAS 18001-certified organizations versus those that were not certified. ...
The overall research objective was to theoretically and empirically develop the ideas around a system of safety management practices (ten practices were elaborated), to test their relationship with objective safety statistics (such as accident rates), and to explore how these practices work to achieve positive safety results (accident prevention) through worker engagement.
Data were collected using safety manager, supervisor and employee surveys designed to assess and link safety management system practices, employee perceptions resulting from existing practices, and safety performance outcomes.
Results indicate the following: there is a significant negative relationship between the presence of ten individual safety management practices, as well as the composite of these practices, with accident rates; there is a significant negative relationship between the level of safety-focused worker emotional and cognitive engagement with accident rates; safety management systems and worker engagement levels can be used individually to predict accident rates; safety management systems can be used to predict worker engagement levels; and worker engagement levels act as mediators between the safety management system and safety performance outcomes (such as accident rates).
Even though the presence of safety management system practices is linked with incident reduction and may represent a necessary first-step in accident prevention, safety performance may also depend on mediation by safety-focused cognitive and emotional engagement by workers. Thus, when organizations invest in a safety management system approach to reducing/preventing accidents and improving safety performance, they should also be concerned about winning over the minds and hearts of their workers through human performance-based safety management systems designed to promote and enhance worker engagement.
Purpose – This paper aims to identify the unidimensionality and reliability of 84 factors that influence the
performance of construction projects and develop a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model.
Design/methodology/approach – The study adopted a deductive research approach and started by
identifying the positive factors that influence construction project performance. This was followed by the
modification of the identified factors. After that, a questionnaire was developed out of the factors for data
collection. Exploratory factor analysis was used to establish the factor structure of the positive factors, and
this was verified using CFA afterwards. A model fit analysis was performed to determine the goodness of fit
of the hypothesisedmodel, followed by the development of the confirmatory model.
Findings – The study demonstrated substantial correlation in the data, sufficient unidimensionality and
internal reliability. In addition, the estimated fit indices suggested that the postulated model adequately
described the sample data.
Practical implications – The paper revealed that performance can be enhanced if stakeholders identify
and leverage the positive factors influencing performance. The paper suggests that project stakeholders,
particularly government, project owners, consultants and construction firms, can improve project
performance by critically examining economic and financial systems (EFS), regulation and policy-making
systems (RPS), effective management practices (EMP) and project implementation strategies (PIS).
Originality/value – The contribution of this paper to the present literature is identifying the positive
factors and developing the confirmatory factor model. The model comprised 42 positive variables under four
indicators: EMP, RPS, PIS and EFS.
Keywords Construction industry, Multivariate analysis, Performance, Positive factors, Projects,
Stakeholders
Purpose
This paper aims to identify the unidimensionality and reliability of 84 factors that influence the performance of construction projects and develop a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model.
Design/methodology/approach
The study adopted a deductive research approach and started by identifying the positive factors that influence construction project performance. This was followed by the modification of the identified factors. After that, a questionnaire was developed out of the factors for data collection. Exploratory factor analysis was used to establish the factor structure of the positive factors, and this was verified using CFA afterwards. A model fit analysis was performed to determine the goodness of fit of the hypothesised model, followed by the development of the confirmatory model.
Findings
The study demonstrated substantial correlation in the data, sufficient unidimensionality and internal reliability. In addition, the estimated fit indices suggested that the postulated model adequately described the sample data.
Practical implications
The paper revealed that performance can be enhanced if stakeholders identify and leverage the positive factors influencing performance. The paper suggests that project stakeholders, particularly government, project owners, consultants and construction firms, can improve project performance by critically examining economic and financial systems (EFS), regulation and policy-making systems (RPS), effective management practices (EMP) and project implementation strategies (PIS).
Originality/value
The contribution of this paper to the present literature is identifying the positive factors and developing the confirmatory factor model. The model comprised 42 positive variables under four indicators: EMP, RPS, PIS and EFS.
Introduction:
The complex and dynamic nature of building repair and maintenance (R&M) work tends to create safety risks for workers. Resilience engineering approach is identified as a complementary to conventional safety management techniques. Resilience of safety management systems is characterized by the capabilities to recover from, respond during, and prepare for unexpected situations. This research aims to conceptualize resilience of safety management systems in the building repair and maintenance context by introducing resilience engineering principles into the safety management system concept.
Method:
Data were collected from 145 professionals in building repair and maintenance companies in Australia. The structural equation modeling technique was utilized to analyze the collected data.
Results:
The results confirmed three dimensions (i.e., people resilience, place resilience, and system resilience) with 32 measurement items for assessing resilience of safety management systems. The results revealed that safety performance of building R&M companies was significantly affected by the interactions between people resilience and place resilience and the interactions between place resilience and system resilience.
Conclusions:
Theoretically, this study contributes to the safety management knowledge by theoretically and empirically supporting the development of concept, definition, and purpose of resilience for safety management systems.
Practical applications:
Practically, this research proposes a framework for assessing the level of resilience of safety management systems that is characterized by employees' capabilities, supportiveness of workplace, and supportiveness of management to recover from safety incidents, react during unexpected situations, and prepare for preventative actions before occurrence of undesirable events.
Günümüz rekabet koşulları içerisinde işletmeler sektörlerinde ve/veya alanlarında en iyi olmayı kendilerine hedef olarak seçmek ve bu hedefi gerçekleştirmek zorundadırlar. Küreselleşme nedeniyle kurumların hayatta kalabilmeleri ve her alanda en iyi olma hedefine ulaşabilmeleri için, en iyi uygulamaları bünyelerinde bir araya getirebilmeleri ve eş zamanlı olarak her bir uygulamada en iyi performansı gösterebilmeleri gerekmektedir. Her uygulamada en iyi olmayı ve içinde barındırdığı her stratejiyi mükemmel düzeyde gerçekleştirmeyi hedefleyen yaklaşım son yıllarda Dünya Klasmanında Üretim (WCM) olarak anılmaktadır. WCM'nin içinde barındırdığı uygulama ve stratejilerin sinerjik etkisi, işletmelerin gücünü istenen seviyeye çıkarmada yardımcı olacaktır. Alanında en iyi olmak isteyen işletmelere yol gösteren WCM'nin başarısı için uygulanan tüm stratejilerde insana verilen değer, ön planda tutulmalıdır. Dünya klasmanında üretim kapsamında işletmelerin öncelikli olarak ele aldığı İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği (İSG) uygulamalarında üst seviyede performans göstermeleri, günümüz işletmelerini rakiplerinden bir adım öteye götürerek en iyi olmalarını sağlayacaktır. Bu anlamda Dünya Klasmanında İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliğinin (World Class Safety-WCS) başarısını güvenlik kültürü, İSG liderliği, İSG programı ve İSG performansı elemanlarının bir fonksiyonu olarak tanımlayan Larry Hansen'in modeli çalışmamızın referans noktası olmuştur. Uygulanan modelden hareketle çalışmada Ege Bölgesi Sanayi Odası'nın belirlediği Türkiye'nin en büyük 500 sanayi kuruluşu listesinden belirli bir bölge içinde kalan işletmelerde, WCS bileşenlerinin ve varsa alt bileşenlerinin WCS başarısına etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla yapılan çalışma sayesinde, dünya klasmanında üretim kapsamında İSG uygulamaları ve WCS bileşenlerine yönelik ülkemiz için ilk kez İzmir ve civarında bir pilot çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Dünya Klasmanında Üretim, Dünya Klasmanında İSG, Dünya Klasmanında İSG Bileşenleri
Modular integrated construction (MiC) has been introduced in high-rise construction for achieving sustainable development. As high-rise MiC disruptively transforms the construction process compared with conventional construction, it is imperative to systematically understand its performance, which however has not been sufficiently reported in previous literature. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a new framework of key performance indicators (KPIs) for project stakeholders to comprehensively measure and effectively benchmark the performance of high-rise MiC projects. This framework is developed based on the concept of sustainable construction that covers social, environmental and economic aspects. Through a comprehensive literature review, expert interviews, and a focus group meeting, 32 KPIs are established in the three sustainability aspects. An eight-step process is suggested for project stakeholders to adopt these KPIs to measure MiC performance in three tiers, i.e., overall building, off-site and on-site, and modular works. A case study is then presented which demonstrates that the framework is effective in measuring the sustainability of high-rise MiC and applicable for comparing MiC with conventional practices. The framework fills the knowledge gap of performance measurement on high-rise modular construction and contributes a methodological foundation for future quantitative benchmarking of MiC sustainability.
Inadequate compliance with safety practices is a major hurdle in the construction industry, and a single-level source of input to assess safety culture is a major limitation of the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to capture multi-level employees' (top management (TM), middle management (MM), and workers) perceptions to assess multi-level safety culture (organization level (OL), project level (PL), and personnel level (PPL)) in the construction industry. This study considered Indian construction industry a study area and used a questionnaire survey and interview technique as research instruments. 184 responses were collected from multi-level employees. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistical method and hypothesis testing using the Mann-Whitney U test followed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Post Hoc test. Findings highlighted inadequate safety compliances and significant (p < 0.05) perception differences among multi-level employees. Further, root cause analysis for observed perception differences was performed, and managerial implications were discussed from implementation perspectives.
Safety leading indicators have been investigated as an emergent area in the construction industry. Yet the fundamental concepts of leading indicators, including definitions, viability and effectiveness, have not been commonly agreed. Despite this, various indicators have been proposed in construction management research. However, the findings are sporadic, and the relationships between proposed leading indicators and accident attributors remain unclear. This knowledge gap can hamper the implementation of safety leading indicators and proactive safety management in the construction industry. Based on a systematic literature review, the present study aims to: develop a common working definition of safety leading indicator for a better understanding of the current research in the construction sector; identify construction safety leading indicators; and create an integrated framework that fits in the complex and fragment structure of the construction industry for proactive safety management. The findings revealed sixteen indicators that were categorized into two dimensions to: 1) measure the safety performance of firms, projects or groups and individuals; and 2) identify potential incidents and injuries caused by organizational, operational or cognitive and behavioral issues. The findings call for researchers and practitioners to take an ecosystem perspective, consider the temporal effects, and combine qualitative and quantitative measurements in future research and implementing safety leading indicators in the construction industry.
Many countries have put in place policies and legislation to reduce accidents and diseases on construction sites though having varied degree of comprehensiveness, the extent of implementation, will and capacity of enforcement. In spite of these efforts, it has been revealed that the increase in the rate of unsafe acts and rate of fatalities in the construction industry is significant due to poor safety culture. Hence, this study assessed the level of health and safety (H&S) culture in construction firms in Abuja by self-administering a total of 152 questionnaires on H&S issues to construction professionals. It included Builders, Quantity Surveyors, Architects, Civil Engineers, and Project Managers/supervisors who were involved in construction works. The data obtained were analysed using percentages and mean scores. It was discovered that despite the increasing growth in the construction firms in Nigeria, the H&S culture practice in construction firms is highly fragmented and poorly implemented. It is recommended among others that there should be high commitment from the top of organisations which will in turn produce higher level of motivation and commitment throughout the organisations.
The concept of Safety in Design (SiD) is strongly influenced by the UK CDM Regulations and the drive to improve safety and health in the industry. Designers have a responsibility not only for design and build; but for use and maintenance by designing out any hazards at any of these phases. The impact that designers have on site safety is dependent on their skills, knowledge, experience and organisational capability to modify designs towards improving safety. This study reviewed the impact of SiD during use and maintenance of 12 existing public buildings in London by visually inspecting and adopting a scoring matrix for the design hazards. The inspection data acquired were evaluated using a design control-measure database with recommended alternative design decisions capable of improving safety. The findings suggest that buildings post-CDM 1994 incorporated better safety initiatives in the designs than buildings pre-CDM. In principle, 9 out of the 12 (75%) buildings inspected had good level of SiD implemented in the design e.g. the foyer. Eight (8) of the 12 buildings had safety-related issues with manhole chambers/access shafts located in busy access areas, damaged or uneven entrance to the buildings, external wall-window systems, working at height, slips and trips, location of plant rooms and SiD implementation in buildings pre and post-CDM regulations. This study contributes to the discussions around public building safety by demonstrating that the implementation of SiD in the overall design of the entire building significantly improves the safety of buildings rather than SiD in some specific areas of the building. The limitations of this study included restricted access to plant rooms and small sample size which inhibits the generalisation of the findings. Therefore, future studies would benefit from using larger sample sizes and prior permission from the building operators to gain unrestricted access to conduct inspections.
Safety in construction is crucial to avoid fatal accidents. To enhance safety in construction sites it is necessary to recognize the causes of accidents and take proper measures. It is necessary to make workers aware of such hazards which is possible through trainings, meetings, toolbox talks, communication among workers etc. Indian construction sites which have a diverse language speaking work force will have difficulty in communicating efficiently. This paper tries to identify the major causes of accidents in construction sites and to analyse the communication patterns of the workforce using Social Network Analysis (SNA) in the construction sites of Chennai. The study also measures the safety performance of the workforce and compare it with the network characteristics identified through SNA. The study would thus help to recognize all the safety issues and to measure the current safety condition of the Indian construction Industry
Many countries have put in place policies and legislation to reduce accidents and diseases on construction sites though having varied degree of comprehensiveness, the extent of implementation, will and capacity of enforcement. In spite of these efforts, it has been revealed that the increase in the rate of unsafe acts and rate of fatalities in the construction industry is significant due to poor safety culture. Hence, this study assessed the level of health and safety (H&S) culture in construction firms in Abuja by self-administering a total of 152 questionnaires on H&S issues to construction professionals. It included Builders, Quantity Surveyors, Architects, Civil Engineers, and Project Managers/supervisors who were involved in construction works. The data obtained were analysed using percentages and mean scores. It was discovered that despite the increasing growth in the construction firms in Nigeria, the H&S culture practice in construction firms is highly fragmented and poorly implemented. It is recommended among others that there should be high commitment from the top of organisations which will in turn produce higher level of motivation and commitment throughout the organisations.
Purpose
The construction industry is considered one of the most dangerous industries especially in developing countries such as Egypt. Although safety in Egypt is regulated by mainly four pivotal legislations, namely, Law No. 12 (2003) and Ministerial Decrees No. 211, 126 and 134, construction accident records in Egypt are high. Accordingly, this paper aims to develop a framework to activate the health and safety regulations in the Egyptian construction industry.
Design/methodology/approach
To achieve this aim, a research methodology consisting of a literature review and a survey questionnaire was developed to accomplish three objectives. First, a literature review was used to identify the causes of site accidents and strategies adopted in different countries to improve and enforce safety, safety roles of stakeholders. Second, a survey questionnaire was conducted with a representative sample of large- and medium-sized construction firms in Egypt to examine their perception of the causes of site accidents. Finally, a framework was developed to activate the health and safety regulations in the Egyptian construction industry.
Findings
The research identified 16 causes of construction site accidents. These causes were classified into three categories based on the party responsible for the occurrence of site accidents, namely, workers, organization management and government. Results of data analysis showed that “lack of housekeeping” and “lack of governmental inspection for safety” were ranked the highest causes of site accidents in the Egyptian construction industry, whereas “inefficiency of old safety equipment or no safety equipment at all” and “reluctance to input resources for safety” were ranked the least causes.
Originality/value
This research provides valuable information about the nature of the construction industry with a particular focus on site accidents, causes and impacts of construction site accidents. The study highlighted the safety roles of the Egyptian Governmental bodies in Egypt to improve and enforce safety. The research tackled a topic that received scant attention in construction literature especially in the Egypt context. The framework presented in this paper represents a synthesis that is important and adds value to the knowledge in a manner that has not previously occurred in the Egyptian construction industry.
Lagging indicators have been widely used in the construction industry to measure and improve safety performance for decades; however, they are criticised for providing insufficient information to generate continuous improvement because they only indicate safety outputs. Against this backdrop, industry and academia have investigated safety leading indicators in addition to traditionally used lagging indicators. Leading indicators are proactive in nature because they measure safety initiatives that provide an early indication of impending adverse events, which in turn allows management to initiate corrective steps. Although leading indicators are an emergent area of research, there is limited knowledge to guide their implementation in terms of their selection and use. Having insight regarding their relative importance could thus be useful. To address the knowledge gap, this study conducted a systematic literature review on safety leading indicators in construction which resulted in the identification of 16 safety leading indicators. A subsequent two-round Delphi technique involving industry experts was used to determine the relative importance. The results show that organisational commitment, client engagement, main contractor engagement, supply chain engagement, and designer engagement are perceived by the industry experts as being among the topmost important indicators for safety management performance. The findings would enhance the construction industry’s understanding of safety leading indicators and help organisations prioritise efforts to enhance their safety performance.
Steel Industry provides a major contribution to the development of an economy of any nation. This industry comprises of various risks and hazards in its process. With the advent of technology, quality and safe steel is now becoming a matter of important concern. Amongst the various strategies used to create a safe working environment in the steel industry – “Technology” takes the priority.
Though large construction companies in Pakistan are following various safety management systems, unsafe behaviours and unsafe conditions are at times noticed resulting in fatal accidents. This necessitates exploring the root causes of such accidents as well as identifying the significant safety climate (SC) factors that can positively influence the safety performance (SP) in the Pakistani construction industry (CI). For this study, a mixed-method research strategy comprising concurrent and sequential research methods was adopted. The study concludes that accidents in the Pakistani CI can be reduced by: strict enforcement of safety rules and regulations by the Government agencies; guaranteed provision of a safety budget and the introduction of safety incentives by the clients; adequate provision of safety training and resources by the contractors; and giving due importance to past SP while selecting the subcontractors. A 24-item SC scale, comprised of four SC factors, was developed and validated for the Pakistani CI. The study also verified the significant positive impact of SC on safety compliance and safety participation, and the negative impact on the number of self-reported accidents/injuries. The analysis of demographic variables confirmed that the employees in the age group of 20 years or below, and working for more than 40 hours per week, have a tendency towards unsafe behaviour. The study adds to the body of knowledge by highlighting the implications of adopting an existing SC scale across the region and culture, and revealing the deviations in SC dimensions. Caution should be exercised while generalizing the research findings to other sectors of CI. Nonetheless, the study’s robust methodology can be replicated in other industries and regions for element prioritization and SC investigation.
https://www.routledge.com/Construction-Health-and-Safety-in-Developing-Countries/Manu-Emuze-Saurin-Hadikusumo/p/book/9781138317079
Considerable attention has been focused on addressing construction health and safety risks in developed economies. Sadly, the same cannot be said of developing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa where accident figures are extremely high. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of the contextual environment within which Ghanaian construction small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) manage occupational health and safety (OH&S). A questionnaire survey was administered to construction SMEs to better understand the health and safety management practices and associated problems followed up by field interviews to explore key issues identified by the survey. The results of the study highlight the institutional structure for implementing OH&S standards, prevailing economic climate, and extended family culture as challenges to the management of OH&S. The study identifies low literacy levels, low socioeconomic status of workers, owner/managers' ignorance of their OH&S responsibilities, commitment to extended family obligations, and ineffective OH&S administration as key factors limiting the capacity of construction SMEs to manage OH&S effectively. The study concludes that effective institutional structure and an enabling socioeconomic environment are needed to enhance the OH&S performance of SMEs and advocates for more proactive OH&S management that take into consideration the work cultures of SMEs.
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of an Injury and Illness Prevention (IIP) program intervention on occupational safety behavior among rice farmers in Nakhon Nayok Province, Thailand. This was a quasi-experimental study in an intervention group and a control group. It was carried out in two rice farming communities, in which most people are rice farmers with similar socio-demographic characteristics. Multistage sampling was employed, selecting one person per rice farming household. The intervention group was 62 randomly selected rice farmers living in a rural area; another 55 rice farmers served as the control group. A structured face-to-face interview questionnaire was administered to participants to evaluate their safety behaviors in four areas: equipment use, pesticide use, ergonomics, and working conditions. The 2-week intervention program consisted of four elements: 1) health education, 2) safety inspection, 3) safety communication, and 4) health surveillance. Data were collected at baseline and 4 months after the intervention (follow-up). We used a general linear model repeated-measures analysis of variance to assess the mean difference between baseline and follow-up occupational safety behavior points between the intervention and control groups. Pesticide safety behaviors significantly increased in the intervention group compared with the control group. Ergonomics and working conditions points also increased in the intervention group, but not significantly so. The equipment use score decreased in the intervention group. It is necessary to identify and develop further measures to improve occupational safety behaviors. Some methods, such as effective risk communication, could be added to increase risk perception.
The construction industry is increasingly reliant on the voluntary effort of contractors to reduce accidents on construction sites. This study aims to investigate the effects of contractors’ safety investments on safety performance and identify the factors influencing the effects of safety investments on safety performance. To fulfill the research aims, a regression/correlation research design was adopted. Data were collected using multiple techniques (structured interviews, archival data and questionnaires) with 47 completed building projects. Bivariate correlation and moderated regression techniques were used to analyze the data collected. The results show that the effect of basic safety investments on safety performance does not hold constant under different project conditions. Basic safety investments have a stronger positive effect on accident prevention under a higher safety culture level and a project hazard level; while the effect of basic safety investments on accident prevention might not be positive if the project hazard level and safety culture level of the project were low. The implication of the findings is that more protection and safer environment do not always produce better safety performance without the improvement of safety culture. To achieve better safety performance, contractors need to implement the interventions that synthesize physical protection with cultivation of positive safety culture. The findings of this study offer a better understanding of the theory behind the role of safety investments in accident prevention and provide the theoretical basis to support contractors’ decisions to invest in safety.
Many facility managers are now required to deal directly with small firms engaged in the maintenance, alteration and cleaning of physical infrastructure. Increasingly the performance of small firms reflects on the manager of the facility, and so an understanding of their operation is required. It is mandatory for all firms to provide a safe working environment for their workers and subcontractors. Consequently, occupational health and safety (OHS) is a major issue for companies mainly due to the fear of prosecution. The introduction of Zero Tolerance by the Victorian government WorkCover Authority in 1999 provided even higher OHS safety standards for the construction industry. This has placed an increased burden on construction and maintenance companies especially small firms that are not in a position of financial strength. The size of the company has been found to be a major contributing factor to the OHS performance of construction contractors. This research is based on a benchmarking study of 44 construction companies in Victoria, Australia. The results show that the major factors influencing safety performance were; company size, and management and employee commitment to OHS.
The factors influencing safety on construction sites are discussed. The impacts of the historical, economical, psychological, technical, procedural, organizational and the environmental issues are considered in terms of how these factors are linked with the level of site safety. The historical factor is assessed by the background and characteristics of the individual, such as age and experience. The economic factor is determined by the monetary values which are associated with safety such as, hazard pay. The psychological factor is assessed by the safety behavior of fellow workers on site including supervisors. The technical and procedural factors are assessed by the provision of training and handling of safety equipment on site. The organizational and environmental factors are assessed by the type of policy that the management adopts to site safety. Information regarding these factors were correlated with accidents' records in a sample of 120 operatives. Results of the factor analysis suggest that variables related to the `organization policy' are the most dominant group of factors influencing safety performance in the United Kingdom Construction Industry. The top five important issues found to be associated with site safety were: (1) management talk on safety; (2) provision of safety booklets; (3) provision of safety equipment; (4) providing safety environment and (5) appointing a trained safety representative on site.
In this paper I describe the concept of 'Safety Culture' and its measurement, with particular regard to aviation. The impetus for the paper stems from a proposed intervention into a segment of the aviation market and a desire to measure the effectiveness of the intervention. The paper commences with a discussion on the term 'safe(ty)' to place some boundaries on the term and to frame the proceeding discussion. Closely linked to the concept of 'Safety Culture' is 'Safety Climate' which is also discussed in some detail. Whilst the paper considers the divergence of views on the definitions of 'Safety Culture' it also draws out significant similarities and ties different perspectives to a framework espoused by Cooper (1999). As the paper demonstrates, measurement of 'Safety Culture' can be a significant task however acceptable levels of measurement can be obtained by the administration and evaluation of surveys or questionnaires.
This paper provides strategies for improving construction safety performance through the analysis of numerical profiles of companies and projects with varying levels of safety performance. This research perspective compliments much of the previous safety-related research, which tends to be more qualitative in nature, addressing "what" factors are important for success as opposed to "how much" is appropriate to achieve successful safety outcomes. Corporate safety coordinators completed questionnaires that solicited quantitative data (e.g., number of safety inspections, dollars spent on safety program, and percentage of time devoted to safety issues) at both the company and project levels. Several safety performance measures were investigated: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) incidence rates, experience modification rating (EMR), and a subjective project performance rating. Forty eight company programs and 69 individual project safety programs are included in the analysis. Results from the statistical data analysis point to several company- and project-specific factors that are statistically significant in improving safety performance. This paper can benefit contractors, specialty contractors, and owners by providing them with objective strategies to consistently achieve better safety performance.
Problem: Compared to other industries, construction has the third-highest death rate. Many agree, and research has shown, that one way to change these statistics is through effective worker safety and health training. Little is known about the quality and nature of safety and health training available to open-shop (nonunion) construction workers. Method: It was the goal of this preliminary study to provide some initial background information about the nature and quality of safety and training in open-shop construction operations. Results: While the majority of contractors surveyed did provide safety and health training, most did not quantitatively evaluate their training programs in terms of reduction in hazardous behaviors or exposures, or increased job satisfaction or productivity. Impact on Industry: Learning about the major parameters (e.g., methods, policies, barriers, company/worker perceptions, etc.) influencing nonunion construction safety training will help guide future construction safety-related research and intervention strategies on a national basis.
Because of the poor safety records, there have been a number of safety improvement measures developed in the construction industry of Hong Kong. However, not all of these programs are cost, time and resources effective. If the degree of effectiveness of these programs can be compared and analyzed, it helps management focus their effort and better deploy resources. This study tries to evaluate the safety management systems and prioritize these measures with the consideration of various decision criteria. The Non-structural fuzzy decision support system (NSFDSS) is applied to facilitate the decision making process for these multi-objective problems. Modified NSFDSS is presented that is suitable for the appraisal of complex construction problems, which allows assessment based on a pair-wise comparison of alternatives using semantic operators, even under the condition that insufficient precise information is available.
This research describes a study of safety attitudes, practices and characteristics of construction firms in Hong Kong and their relationship to safety performance on construction sites. Forty-five construction companies are compared and studied. Each adopts different safety management strategies. The 45 companies were composed of 11 small, 25 medium and 9 large-scale construction firms. Construction firms' safety performance is measured by site casualty rates. Based upon the information collected from the survey, the accident rates are first derived and compared with the industrial norms. Then the following safety measures, and strategies of contractors in Hong Kong and their associated safety performance, are compared: involvement of top management in safety management; safety orientation programmes for new workers; safety awards or incentive schemes; use of post-accident investigation systems; safety training schemes; safety committees; level of subcontracting. The first part of the research studies the relation between these measures and the safety performance using a number of tables. The results show that these practices have indeed improved site safety. The second part uses a multiple regression analysis to study the combined effect of these schemes and practices on safety performance. The study concludes that the provision of safety training, the use of directly employed labour, the use of post-accident investigation as a feedback, and promoting safety practices by safety award campaigns and incentive schemes, are the most effective tool in mitigating site casualties.
The safety inspectors carried out monitoring visits to 305 building construction sites, and the results were compared with the accident figures of the same sites. The average number of observations per site was 144, and the observed safety aspects were: working habits, scaffolding and ladders, machines and equipment, protection against falling, lighting and electricity, and order and tidiness. Each item was scored as 'correct' if it met the safety standards, otherwise the item was scored as 'not correct'. The safety index was calculated as a percentage of the 'correct' items related to all the observed items. Only some hours of training were needed for making reliable observations, when the observers already knew the safety standards. Also the validity proved to be good. The sites were grouped according to the observed safety index in order to limit the huge random variation in the accident rates of single sites. There was a significant correlation between the observed safety index and the accident rate of the site groups. The sites with the lowest observed safety index had, on average, a three times higher accident rate than the sites with the highest safety index. The method is used by the site personnel as an internal weekly safety inspection and feedback tool. The state safety inspectors use the method as a means of objective feedback for the companies.
The aims of this article are to review the situation of occupational health and safety and to describe research priority in this field in Thailand. Thailand is one of newly industrialized countries in Southeast Asia. Approximately half of the working population is still in agriculture. The data from Thai Workmen's Compensation Fund showed that incidence rate of occupational injuries and diseases was 3-4% each year. Almost were occupational injuries from various accidents in workplaces. At least 3 relevant governmental agencies, including Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Public Health, and Ministry of Industry, are responsible in occupational health and safety in the country. Nowadays, those agencies collaborate and develop projects and activities to prevent and control of the problems. Because of lack of staff and other resources, research priority is needed and has been developed recently. The framework of research needed focuses on research and development such as how to improve occupational health and safety management at all levels, setting up and development of standard guidelines for health and environmental assessment, and implementation of suitable control measures in workplaces. Finally, improvement of research system in the country is essential to cope with new occupational health problems in the near future.
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