The diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES) constitutes various types of
cells of the gastrointestinal system. These cells produce and secrete different
peptides, which exert several effects on the digestive process and feeding
behavior. The objective was to study, using immunohistochemistry, the
distribution of endocrine cells of the DNES, immunoreactive to the peptides
GAS, CCK-8, NPY and CGRP in the digestive system of dourado (Salminus
brasiliensis). Twelve juvenile fish with weight of 144.8 ± 21.7 g and total length
of 25.5 ± 3.5 cm were used. After 24 hours of fasting, the fish were euthanized
and samples were collected of five different segments: stomach: pyloric region
(PE); medium intestine: pyloric caeca (CP), loop 1 (A1) and loop 2 (A2); and
posterior intestine (IP). The tissue samples were fixed in Bouin solution for 12
hours, placed in 70% alcohol and processed according to routine histological
methods. For the immunohistochemistry, all the reactions were performed in a
humid chamber and, in the washing procedures, PBS 0.1 M was used. The
obstruction of the endogenous peroxidase and of non-specific bonds was done
using commercial reagents Dako®. The samples were incubated with polyclonal
primary antibody (Bachem, USA) against GAS, CCK-8, NPY and CGRP.
Subsequently, they were incubated with anti-rabbit secondary antibody
EnVision+System/HRP, revealed by the enzymatic method using 3.3
tetrahydrochloride diaminobenzidine, DAB, and counterstained with Carazzi
hematoxylin. The average number of immunoreactive endocrine cells for each
peptide in each sampled segment and in each fish was determined by the total
count of immunostained cells. The total number of cells was determined using a
microscope, while the area was measured capturing the image (20x objective)
correspondent to the total area of epithelial mucosa ascertained using the
program Image J. The resulting data were submitted to ANAVA in factorial
scheme and the means compared by the Tukey test at 5%. The use of developed
antibodies against mammal peptides was shown, for the first time, to be efficient
in the immunolocalization of GAS, CCK-8, NPY and CGRP in dourado. All the
peptides were identified in all the samples segments, despite being scarce in
certain segments. The largest number of endocrine cells immunoreactive to
GAS, CCK-8 and CGRP were, mainly, in the pyloric region of the stomach and
in the pyloric caeca. As for the NPY, the immunostained cells were notably
restricted to the medium intestine of the dourado.