Po-Yu Kuo

National Yunlin University of Science and Technology · Department of Electronic Enginnering

Non-enzymatic dopamine (DA) sensors are important in diagnosing and treating human diseases. However, non-enzymatic sensors frequently encounter interference from other substances, posing a challenge of poor selectivity for such sensors. Herein, we prepared tungsten trioxide nanoparticles (WO3 NPs) via a simple hydrothermal method and immobilized t...

This study investigated the development and optimization of a flexible printed circuit board-based glucose biosensor with an emphasis on high sensitivity, selectivity, and overall performance. Advances in glucose biosensing have highlighted its importance in medical diagnostics, especially diabetes management. The fabrication process involves depos...

Nickel sulfide (NiS) particles with a hollow microsphere structure were prepared by a hydrothermal method. NiS/titanium dioxide nanofibers (NiS/TiO $_{\text{2}}$ NFs) were prepared by the addition of NiS into TiO $_{\text{2}}$ nanofibers (NFs) through electrospinning. There were two methods to modify the photoanodes of dye-sensitized solar cells...

This study investigates the photovoltaic performance of the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by modification of the photoanode with PbTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> –ZnFe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub...

In this study, iron oxide (Fe2O3)/graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofibers (NFs) were used as an additional layer on photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) to improve the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs. The nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning with double jets. The heterogeneous nanofiber composite ma...

Tungsten trioxide (WO $_{\text{3}}\text{)}$ has already been researched and used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) manufacturing, due to its energy band matching with titanium dioxide (TiO $_{\text{2}}\text{)}$ and its high electron mobility. This study fabricates WO $_{\text{3}}$ hollow spheres (WHSs) using the hydrothermal approach and mix...

We improve photovoltaic performance by incorporating graphene quantum dots (GQDs) into dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). GQD can emit green fluorescence (∼530 nm) in the ultraviolet wavelength range (∼340 nm), and this characteristic is applied to enhance the light absorption ability of N719 dye. Using GQDs as auxiliary sensitizers to achieve co-...

In this study, an enzymatic ascorbate oxidase/(AO) ruthenium dioxide (RuO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) ascorbic acid (AA) biosensor was realized by a radio frequency (RF) sputtering system. The characteristics of the RuO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" x...

In a previous study, this laboratory produced and tested a lactic acid biosensor using a copper-doped zinc oxide (CZO) sensing film modified with graphite carbon nitride (g-C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http:...

In this study, a more efficient, convenient, and cost-effective way was proposed to design and fabricate a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device using 3D printing and transfer techniques. Typically, sensor measurements can only be conducted by immersing the sensor in a solution under static conditions. However, in this study, a newly desi...

In this study, the titanium dioxide (TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) thin film prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering system (R.F. sputtering) was used as the blocking layer (BL) of dye-sensitized solar cells. TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathM...

This study proposes a power management circuit integrated with a readout circuit for measuring urea biosensors. The proposed power management circuit replaces the bulky power supply traditionally used in measurement systems. It operates with only a single 3V button cell for voltage reduction and stabilization. We have designed and manufactured a pr...

We present a differential-type enzymatic ruthenium dioxide (RuO $_{\text{2}}\text{)}$ biosensor designed for dopamine detection, with a focus on its application in wearable devices and flexible electronics. The sensor is based on flexible printed circuit boards (FPCBs) and features a RuO $_{\text{2}}$ thin film as the sensing membrane modified wi...

This study primarily focuses on the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), i.e., naturally sensitized solar cells, which were enhanced through the implementation of Zn $_\text{2}$ SnO $_\text{4}$ compounds and zinc stannate (Zn $_\text{2}$ SnO $_{{\text{4}}}$ )/titanium dioxide (TiO $_{{\text{2}}}$ ) nanofiber (NF) composites into t...

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have great potential in solar power generation due to their advantages of easy fabrication and low fabrication cost. One of the main problems of DSSCs is the loss of recombination between the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate/electrolyte. This is mainly due to the mesoporous nature of the TiO <sub xmlns:mml...

In this research, a microfluid-based extended gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) biosensor with an on-chip sensing window (OCSW) was fabricated. The detection window was composed of six metal layers, and a ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) film was spattered on the surface and functionalized with lactase to detect lactic acid (LA). To detect LA in a more...

In our study, the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with double-layer thin films were fabricated. The active bottom layer of the structure was mainly made of the commercially available titanium dioxide (TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) nanoparticles. TiO <sub xmlns:mml="ht...

PbTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> was used as a dopant and PbTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /titanium dioxide (TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1...

This article presents an extended gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) biosensor for sensing ruthenium dioxide (RuO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) ascorbic acid. The device was modified by the addition of a temperature compensation circuit. The proposed circuit was simulated,...

In this study, a low-frequency instrumentation amplifier (LFIA) integrated with an extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) is presented to realize the simplicity common source amplifier (CSA) structure. The proposed EGFET CSA was developed by the 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS process technology of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC...

The temperature effect has been discussed in the past on pH sensors. In this study, the temperature effect is analyzed for the ascorbic acid (AA) biosensor based on enzymatic ascorbate oxidase (AO). To reduce this effect, a novel temperature compensation circuit was implemented by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (TSMC) 180 nm complemen...

The advantage of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is utilized indoor fluorescent light illumination, but the output power of DSSC is not high enough. In this study, we provided a structure for DSSCs, and characterized the photovoltaic performances under air mass 1.5 global and indoor fluorescent light illumination. The photoanode of DSSC is bas...

In this study, the content of ZnFe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> /TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub>...

This study used copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) modified molybdenum trioxide (MoO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) film prepare non-enzymatic ascorbic acid (AA) sensor. We used polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as the substrate for the AA sensor. The properties of the devic...

We fabricated a potentiometric non-enzymatic ascorbic acid sensor. The main sensing materials are molybdenum trioxide (MoO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) film and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). Basic sensors and sensing materials were fabricated by the screen printing...

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) demonstrate excellent performance under low-light conditions. In this current study, an investigation into the DSSCs photovoltaic performance under different light densities was conducted. The photoanode was made with spin coating and doctor blade methods. The photovoltaic efficiency increased when the titanium te...

In this work, we design a high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) and low unity gain frequency (UGF) cross-coupled instrumentation amplifier (CCIA). This design was implemented by the TSMC 0.18μm CMOS process technology. By using the three proposed cross-coupled operational amplifier, the cross-coupled instrumentation amplifiers (CCIAs) was designe...

γ-Fe $_2$ O $_3$ nanoparticles (NPs) or γ-Fe $_2$ O $_3$ /TiO $_2$ nanofibers (NFs) were added into the photoanode to modify the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The material properties of γ-Fe $_2$ O $_3$ /TiO $_2$ NFs were characterized by X-ray diffractometer and field emission scanning electron microscope....

In this research, we proposed a potentiometric sensor based on copper doped zinc oxide (CZO) films to detect glucose. Silver nanowires were used to improve the sensor’s average sensitivity, and we used the low power consumption instrumentation amplifier (UGFPCIA) designed by our research group to measure the sensing characteristics of the sensor. I...

There are relatively few studies on uric acid biosensors that are modified with silver nanomaterials and have high selectivity for analytes and are potentiometric uric acid biosensor. But many studies had shown that using nanomaterials thus results in a greatly enhanced sensitivity, and it could keep the activity of an enzyme. We proposed to use th...

In this study, we prepared a non-enzymatic potentiometric ascorbic acid sensor based on molybdenum oxide (MoO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). Also, we prepared a potentiometric sensor by monitoring the voltage change between the sensor and asc...

In this study, the extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) with an on-chip sensing window under the TSMC 0.18μm 1P6M (one poly and six metals) CMOS process technology was fabricated as a biosensor. The sensing window was composed of six metal layers and functionalized with the ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) thin film and uricase for uric acid detec...

In order to improve the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> )/titanium dioxide (TiO <s...

This study proposed a nonenzymatic sensor for lactic acid detection based on copper doped zinc oxide (CZO) modified by graphitic carbon nitride (g-C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4...

How to detect uric acid is an important issue. For the purpose of preparing a potentiometric uric acid biosensor, this research used nickel oxide (NiO) as the sensing film to deposit it onto the substrate by radio frequency sputtering, then modified it with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and silver (Ag) nanowires. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) not onl...

The non-enzymatic copper doped zinc oxide glucose sensor, which is covered with silver nanowires (AgNWs) and modified with Nafion, can be employed to measure glucose with a concentration of 2 mM - 14 mM. In this study, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the film of the working electrodes, and the AgNWs on the electrode surfa...

This study proposed a potentiometric non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for glucose detection based on copper doped zinc oxide (CZO) as a sensing film. In this article, a metal oxide film was used, which was able to react catalytically with glucose. The wires of the sensor were prepared by screen printing technology, and the CZO thin film was dep...

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) possess excellent mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and superior flexibility, thus making them exceptional candidates for dopant nanometal. A photoanode modified with AgNWs-titanium dioxide (TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) composite fil...

In this work, an extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) applied to resistive divider integrated with the low unity-gain frequency and power consumption instrumentation amplifier (UGFPCIA) was developed successfully in a chip by the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 180nm CMOS process technology. The EGFET was designed based o...

Potentiometric biosensors based on flexible arrayed silver paste electrode and copper-doped zinc oxide sensing film modified by iron-platinum nanoparticles (FePt NPs) are designed and manufactured to detect lactate in human. The sensing film is made of copper-doped zinc oxide (CZO) by a radio frequency (RF) sputtering system, and then modified by i...

TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nanofibers (NF) and FePt/TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nan...

The goal of this research is to reduce the hysteresis effect of the urea biosensor modified by urease-silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs)/ruthenium dioxide (RuO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) thin film. A new analog back-end circuit with a voltage regulation approach was proposed f...

In this study, a novel low unity-gain frequency and low power consumption instrumentation amplifier (UGFPCIA) was designed and applied to the readout circuit of the potentiometric biosensor measurement system. The proposed UGFPCIA was developed using the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ process technology, and...

In this article, silver nanowires (AgNWs) were prepared and introduced into the double-layer photoanode of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Silver nanowires with a diameter of about 50–60 nm and a length of 1–2 mm were prepared by the polyol method. The power conversion efficiency of the double-layer photoanode DSSC made of AgNWs@TiO2 and AgNPs@...

In this study, we synthesized the titanium dioxide nanofibers (NFs) doped with ZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to modify photoanode of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Commercial titanium dioxide P25 was used as the compact layer coated on...

In this article, novel double-layer films were designed and examined for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The commercial titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles as a bonding underlayer, and the silver nanowires (AgNWs) were used and prepared by means of the polyol method. They which were doped into TiO2 composite materials. The microstructure of A...

From our other works, we have developed urea biosensor based on graphene oxide/nickel oxide sensing film modified either by Au nanoparticles or γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. In this study, we have further developed back-end calibration circuit to reduce the drift effect and hysteresis effect of the two types of the urea biosensors. The back-end calibratio...

Stability is one of the most important characteristics of the potentiometric urea biosensors; however, it has rarely been discussed in previous literature. In this article, the stability of the potentiometric urea biosensor based on the urease-Ag NPs/RuO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">...

The conventional shift register consists of master and slave (MS) latches with each latch receiving the data from the previous stage. Therefore, the same data are stored in two latches separately. It leads to consuming more electrical power and occupying more layout area, which is not satisfactory to most circuit designers. To solve this issue, a n...

In this study, the characteristics and stability of the nickel oxide (NiO) based uric acid biosensors modified with graphene and magnetic beads (MBs) were investigated. The sensitivity and linearity of the different membranes were compared by using the voltage-time (V-T) measurement system. Then, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was...

A photoanode modified with silver (Ag)-zinc oxide (ZnO)-titanium dioxide (TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) composite nanofibers (NFs) was prepared and used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www...

In this work, we used radio frequency (RF) system and screen printing technology to fabricate urea biosensor based on urease-maghemite nanoparticles (γ-Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xl...

In this work, the flexible arrayed urea biosensor is composed of silver paste electrodes by screen printing technology. The sensing film is made of the nickel oxide (NiO) by radio frequency (R.F.) sputtering system and then modified by Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) and graphene oxide (GO). The average sensitivity, response time, interference effect, an...

Titanium dioxide (TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) is an excellent photoanode material in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). However, the surface morphology of TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nanopa...

Current research shows dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) can be increased when dye absorption on double layers of titanium dioxide (TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) are modified using magnetic beads (MBs) and reduced graphene oxide (r...

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are low-cost solar cells belonging to the thin-film photovoltaic cell type. In this study, we studied the photovoltaic performances of DSSCs based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofibers (NFs) containing silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) under low illumination. We used the sol-gel method with the electrospinning techn...

In this study, the zinc oxide (ZnO)-titanium dioxide (TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) composite nanofiber (NF) is prepared and used as an additional layer between TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> lay...

This study used reduced graphene oxide (rGO) applied to a platinum (Pt) counter electrode to improve light conversion efficiency. The study also used an Al-doped Zinc Oxide (AZO) nanosheet/TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> photoanode for the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). P...

In this study, a novel potentiometric glucose biosensor based on magnetic beads-Nafion-glucose oxidase/graphene oxide/aluminium-doped zinc oxide (MBs-Nafion-GOx/GO/AZO) membranes on a PET substrate with arrayed screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) was proposed. The morphologies, elemental analysis, and surface roughnesses of the sensing membranes were...

The goal of this study was to reduce the drift effect of RuO2 urea biosensors. A new calibration circuit (NCC) based on the voltage regulation technique with the advantage of having a simple structure was presented. To keep its simplicity, the proposed NCC was composed of a non-inverting amplifier and a voltage calibrating circuit. A ruthenium oxid...

A novel noise‐cancelling readout circuit (NCRC) is proposed to improve the linearity and sensitivity of traditional voltage–time (V–T) measurement system for ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) urea biosensor. To reduce the non‐ideal effect related to traditional V–T measurement system that negatively threatened by the impact of power line noise, this NCRC ad...

With the existing circuit topologies, the conventional multi-stage amplifiers (MSA) can only achieve low gain-bandwidths (<5 MHz) and low slew rates (<10 V/μs). These specifications are not satisfied by most operational amplifier (OPA) related circuit designers. To solve this issue, a novel enhanced scheme of multi-stage (ESMS) amplifier is propose...

In this study, both zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) nanosheets were deposited by hydrothermal growth on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass. After a photoanode was added to ZnO nanorods or AZO nanosheets, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) increased due to improved electron transport and enhanced dye absorpt...

A novel low power sense-amplifier based flip-flop (FF) is presented. By using a simplified SRAM based latch design and pass transistor logic (PTL) circuit scheme, the transistor-count of the FF design is greatly reduced as well as leakage power performance. The performance claims are verified through extensive post-layout simulations. Compared to t...

In this work, we used sputtering and screen-printing technology to develop a sensitive potentiometric ascorbic acid (AA) biosensor with the magnetic beads-ascorbate oxidase/graphene oxide/zinc oxide (MBs-AO/GO/ZnO) membrane-based arrayed screen-printed electrodes (SPEs). The morphology of membranes was characterized by using a scanning probe micros...

Two types of urea biosensors were integrated with a wireless measurement system and microfluidic measurement system. The two biosensors used were (i) a magnetic beads (MBs)-urease/graphene oxide (GO)/titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based biosensor and (ii) an MBs-urease/GO/ nickel oxide (NiO)-based biosensor, respectively. The wireless measurement system w...

This study fabricated a novel dye-sensitized solar cell with ZnO nanorod-modified $\rm TiO_{2}$ photoanode. Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) was sputtered onto a fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass to generate a seed crystal layer. Hydrothermal synthesis was used to prepare zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods, which were sprayed with titanium dioxide ( $\r...

In this study, we used successfully sol-gel method with electrospinning technique to prepare the titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofibers (NFs) containing graphene oxide (GO) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). We modified the photoanode of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based on various composited TiO2 NFs. TiO2 colloid was first deposited on the flu...

In this study, the L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) biosensor based on magnetic beads-ascorbate oxidase /graphene oxide/indium gallium zinc oxide/aluminum (MBs-AOX/GO/IGZO/Al) membrane was integrated with microfluidic system in order to investigate the different sensing characteristics under the static condition and dynamic condition. The L-AA biosensor show...

An L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) biosensor based on an indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO)/aluminum (Al) membrane modified by graphene oxide (GO) and magnetic beads (MBs) was produced and trusted to investigate its potential biosensor applications. An atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS...

The predominance for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is its application in low illumination. However, there are only a few studies to investigate the performance of DSSC under low illumination. In this study, we investigated DSSC's effect on photovoltaic performance under low illumination. The photoelectrode of DSSC is based on titanium dioxide–re...

LED (Light Emitting Diode) lighting can provide rich colors for many applications such as stage lights and LED display panels. This paper presents a 4-channel LED dimming chip based on SPI(serial parallel interface) and multi-level current control for true color lighting. This chip includes four channels, each of which can drive a current of about...

The FIR equalizer is a common way to compensate for the effect of ISI in high speed data transmission. One key issue for the FIR equalizer design is to find the optimal tap coefficient (TC) set. In this work, the TC search is formulated as an eye-diagram based global optimization problem and an efficient and robust multi-start point (MSP) optimizer...

The mixer is a crucial circuit block in a WiMax system receiver. The performance of a mixer depends on three specifications: conversion gain, linearity and noise figure. Many mixers have been recently proposed for UWB and wideband systems; however, they either cannot achieve the high conversion gain required for a WiMAX system or they are prone to...

Mobile wireless communication is the fastest growing segment of the communication industry. However, it is faced with the challenge of providing reliable high-speed communications due to channel impediments which change over time in unpredictable ways. To analyze the reliability and performance of real communication system, the Rayleigh fading chan...

The continued scaling of the minimum feature size of contemporary chips has made circuit performance increasingly susceptible to the process variations. Many approaches have been proposed to estimate the circuit performance bounds with respect to process or circuit parameter variations in the recent years. The Monte Carlo method is the most popular...

Continuous scaling in CMOS fabrication process makes integrated circuits more vulnerable to process variations. The impact on circuit performance caused by process variations in CMOS circuit is usually analyzed by Monte Carlo method with a large number of simulation runs. This paper proposes a novel approach to estimate the impact of analog circuit...

SAT problem has been an active research subject and many impressive SAT solvers have been proposed. Most of algorithms used in modern SAT solvers are based on tree structured searching strategy, combining with heuristic approaches to reduce the search space. In contrast to most existing solvers, we treat SAT problem as a logical optimization issue...

Power management is necessary to reduce the standby power of portable electronics such as cellular phones, pagers, laptops, etc. The LDO (low- dropout regulator) is one of the most popular DC-DC converters widely used in power management and the demand for LDO is increasing by the growing demand for their applications. For Li-Ion battery of portabl...