Peter Palensky

Delft University of Technology | TU · Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy

Integrating electric vehicles (EVs) into the power grid can revolutionize energy management strategies, offering both challenges and opportunities for creating a more sustainable and resilient grid. In this context, model predictive control (MPC) emerges as a powerful tool for addressing the complexities of Grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid...

The virtual integration of geographically distributed Research Infrastructures (RIs) for joint experiments in the domain of power and energy systems poses numerous challenges , particularly in terms of tool compatibility and user-friendliness. To address some of these challenges, this work presents the development and implementation of a laboratory...

Power flow (PF) analysis is a foundational computational method to study the flow of power in an electrical network. This analysis involves solving a set of non-linear and non-convex differential-algebraic equations. State-of-the-art solvers for PF analysis, therefore, face challenges with scalability and convergence, specifically for large-scale a...

Energy system integration promises in-creased resiliency and the unlocking of synergies, while also contributing to our goal of decarbonization. It is enabled by both old and new technologies, glued together with data and digital services. Hydrolyzers, heat pumps, distributed renewable generation, smart buildings, and the digital grid edge are all...

Cascading failures in power systems are extremely rare occurrences caused by a combination of multiple, low probability events. The looming threat of cyberattacks on power grids, however, may result in unprecedented large-scale cascading failures, leading to a blackout. Therefore, new analysis methods are needed to study such cyber induced phenomen...

p>The topology of low-voltage distribution networks (LVDNs) is crucial for system analysis, e.g., distributed energy resources (DERs) integration, network hosting capacity analysis, state estimation, and electric vehicle charging management. However, it is frequently unavailable or incomplete. We develop a data-driven topology identification approa...

p>The topology of low-voltage distribution networks (LVDNs) is crucial for system analysis, e.g., distributed energy resources (DERs) integration, network hosting capacity analysis, state estimation, and electric vehicle charging management. However, it is frequently unavailable or incomplete. We develop a data-driven topology identification approa...

The cyber attacks in Ukraine in 2015 and 2016 demonstrated the vulnerability of electrical power grids to cyber threats. They highlighted the significance of Operational Technology (OT) communication-based anomaly detection. Many anomaly detection methods are based on real-time traffic monitoring, i.e., Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) that may pr...

Electrical power grids are vulnerable to cyber attacks, as seen in Ukraine in 2015 and 2016. However, existing attack detection methods are limited. Most of them are based on power system measurement anomalies that occur when an attack is successfully executed at the later stages of the cyber kill chain. In contrast, the attacks on the Ukrainian po...

Synthetic networks aim at generating realistic projections of real-world networks while concealing the actual system information. This paper proposes a scalable and effective approach based on graph neural networks (GNN) to generate synthetic topologies of Cyber-Physical power Systems (CPS) with realistic network feature distribution. In order to c...

The optimal dispatch of energy storage systems (ESSs) presents formidable challenges due to the uncertainty introduced by fluctuations in dynamic prices, demand consumption, and renewable-based energy generation. By exploiting the generalization capabilities of deep neural networks (DNNs), deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms can learn good...

As power system’s operational technology converges with innovative information and communication technologies, the need for extensive resilience testing for scenarios covering the electrical grid, networking bottlenecks, as well as cyber security threats, become a necessity. This paper proposes a comprehen-sive, multi-disciplinary simulation framew...

With a growing share of electric vehicles (EVs) in our distribution grids, the need for smart charging becomes indispensable to minimise grid reinforcement. To circumvent the associated capacity limitations, this paper evaluates the effectiveness of different levels of network constraints and different dynamic tariffs, including a dynamic network t...

Electromagnetic transients (EMT) is the most accurate, but computationally expensive method of analyzing power system phenomena. Thereby, interconnecting several real-time simulators can unlock scalability and system coverage, but leads to a number of new challenges, mainly in time synchronization, numerical stability, and accuracy quantification....

The massive integration of renewable-based distributed energy resources (DERs) inherently increases the energy system's complexity, especially when it comes to defining its operational schedule. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms arise as a promising solution due to their data-driven and model-free features. However, current DRL algorithm...

Meshed offshore grids (MOGs) present a viable option for a reliable bulk power transmission topology. The station-level control of MOGs requires faster dynamics along with multiple objective functions, which is realized by the model predictive control (MPC). This paper provides control, and protection design for the Modular Multilevel Converter (MM...

With the proliferation of distributed energy resources (DERs), electricity consumers in virtual power plants (VPPs) are transitioning into prosumers and are encouraged to share surplus energy with peers. Nevertheless, large-scale energy sharing among thousands of prosumers may encounter communication-related challenges. Communication network conges...

The power system is in change, and the most fundamental changes are happening in the distribution grid. Formerly passive consumers get active and smart, storage and distributed generation appears, and the “grid edge” is upgraded with Intenet of Things (IoT). Gone are the days where distribution infrastructure consisted of passive assets, dimensione...

Anomaly detection is of considerable significance in engineering applications, such as the monitoring and control of large-scale energy systems. This paper investigates the ability to accurately detect and localize the source of anomalies, using an autoencoder neural network-based detector. Correlations between residuals are identified as a source...

Cascading effects in the power grid involve an uncontrolled, successive failure of elements. The root cause of such failures is the combined occurrence of multiple, statistically rare events that may result in a blackout. With increasing digitalisation, power systems are vulnerable to emergent cyber threats. Furthermore, such threats are not statis...

The solar industry in residential areas has been witnessing an astonishing growth worldwide. At the heart of this transformation, affecting the edge of the electricity grid, reside smart inverters (SIs). These IoT-enabled devices aim to introduce a certain degree of intelligence to conventional inverters by integrating various grid support capabili...

Future carbon-neutral power systems impose many challenges; one is the urgent need for a simulation platform that allows replicating the complex systems' actual dynamic performance. This paper shows the results of implementing a cyber-physical testbed co-simulation in real-time to analyse the system frequency response considering primary frequency...

For planning of power systems and for the calibration of operational tools, it is essential to analyse system performance in a large range of representative scenarios. When the available historical data is limited, generative models are a promising solution, but modelling high-dimensional dependencies is challenging. In this paper, a multivariate l...

This article discusses the application of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) as power redistributors in three-phase distribution grids as an add-on functionality to typical BESS applications, such as congestion management and energy arbitrage. Combining those ancillary services into a single power unit is not yet performed in practice but may c...

As the penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) increases significantly in the distribution networks, their integration reshapes distribution system power flows and leads to serious voltage quality problems in distribution networks. In this paper, a novel distributed cooperation voltage regulation method is proposed for future distributio...

Flexibility will be required as more renewable generation is integrated in the power system. Therefore, entities such as Flexibility Service Providers (FSPs) have emerged who can control a diverse set of resources in their portfolio to provide requested flexibility. An accurate and reliable assessment of the amount of dispatchable flexibility in FS...

Generating power system states that have similar distribution and dependency to the historical ones is essential for the tasks of system planning and security assessment, especially when the historical data is insufficient. In this paper, we described a generative model for load profiles of industrial and commercial customers, based on the conditio...

This paper deals with the essentials of synchrophasor applications for future power systems aimed at increasing system reliability and resilience. In this work, several applications are presented, covering real-time disturbance detection and blackout prevention. Firstly, an advanced big-data management platform built in real-time digital simulation...

The electric power sector is one of the later sectors in adopting digital twins and models in the loop for its operations. This article firstly reviews the history, the fundamental properties, and the variants of such digital twins and how they relate to the power system. Secondly, first applications of the digital twin concept in the power and ene...

In this article, a hybrid Si/Si carbide (SiC) switch (HyS) modulation with minimum SiC MOSFET conduction (mcHyS) is experimentally characterized, so as to derive its conduction and switching performance. These are later used to derive a silicon (Si) area analytical model for the HyS configuration. The chip area model is used to benchmark the mcHyS...

Taking advantage of their data-driven and model-free features, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms have the potential to deal with the increasing level of uncertainty due to the introduction of renewable-based generation. To deal simultaneously with the energy systems' operational cost and technical constraints (e.g, generation-demand powe...

Equilibrium analysis has been widely studied as an effective tool to model gaming interactions and predict market results. However, as competition modes are fundamentally changed by the decarbonization and decentralization of power systems, analysis techniques must evolve. This article comprehensively reviews recent developments in modelling method...

The traditional methodology for conducting technical assessments of multi-energy systems involved using domain-specific modeling tools to focus on the energy sector of interest, while making simplifying assumptions about any coupled energy sector. This was acceptable since the interactions between energy domains were minimal. However, with the expe...

An N-1 contingency can negatively affect the reliability and security of electrical power systems. A single transmission line outage can cause overload on the local healthy transmission systems, and actions are required to alleviate the overload. Traditionally the system operator uses two actions depending on the operating local area power balance:...

Cosimulation techniques are gaining popularity amongst the power system research community to analyze future scalable smart grid solutions. However, complications such as multiple communication protocols, uncertainty in latencies are holding up the widespread usage of these techniques for the power system analysis. These issues are even further exa...

In this paper, a Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based approach to optimally dispatch PV inverters in unbalanced distribution systems is presented. The proposed approach exploits a decentralized architecture in which PV inverters are operated by agents that perform all computational processes locally; while communicating with a central agent to guarant...

https://openresearch.amsterdam/nl/page/83648/oplossingsrichtingen-voor-congestie-in-middenspanningsnetten

This work proposes a hybrid space vector modulation (HSVM) scheme for Multiport Hybrid Converters (MHCs). Moreover, the impact of shifting the auxiliary currents from the main ones is proposed and investigated in order to enhance the converter efficiency. The proposed operational schemes have been implemented in a three-phase 5 kW MHC prototype. It...

The concept of the internet of energy (IoE) emerged as an innovative paradigm to encompass all the complex and intertwined notions relevant to the transition of current smart grids towards more decarbonization, digitalization and decentralization. With a focus on the two last aspects, the amount of intelligent devices being connected in a scattered...

This is a comprehensive but a concise and educational (e-)book aiming at advertising Modelica-based technologies, particularly useful for power system modeling applications. We hope that this book is useful not only for power system modelers desiring to get a quick idea about the benefits of employing Modelica but also for those Modelica modelers d...

This is a private actual copy of the whole e-book for those who cannot purchase it. Also, those who intend to contribute or conduct a solid scientific review, are welcome to get an actual free copy. Order details: View https://github.com/Mathemodica/ModelicaPowerSystemBook. Costs: The e-book is both freely online accessible and sponsorable on the...

Simulation is one of the most important tools in power system planning and analysis, both for the electrical system as a standalone subject and as a part of an interdependent, multi-physical system. In this chapter, a glossary of essential terminologies to be consulted or refreshed is introduced. Afterwords, traditional approaches to power system s...

In (Bartolini et al. 2019), the Modelica library PowerSystems (Franke and Wiesmann 2014) is briefly evaluated as follows: The very high level of abstraction, coupled with an extensive use of inheritance, allows to accommodate a very wide scope in a unified framework spanning DC, one- and three-phase AC in both quasi-static and dynamic regimes. The...

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In this chapter, the advantages of Modelica features in the context of future power systems modeling applications are summarized. Then some future research directions related to language features are highlighted.

Due to their weak nature, such as low inertia, offshore energy hubs are prone to unprecedented fast dynamic phenomena. This can lead to undesired instability problems. Recent literature, with main focus on onshore systems, suggests that electrolysers could be an attractive option to support wind generators in the mitigation of balancing problems. T...

The main objective of this article is to develop scalable dynamic anomaly detectors with high-fidelity simulators of power systems. On the one hand, models in high-fidelity simulators are typically “intractable” if one opts to describe them in a mathematical formulation in order to apply existing model-based approaches from the anomaly detection li...

For planning of power systems and for the calibration of operational tools, it is essential to analyse system performance in a large range of representative scenarios. When the available historical data is limited, generative models are a promising solution, but modelling high-dimensional dependencies is challenging. In this paper, a multivariate l...

Abstract—Inverter based generation (IBG) is a necessary technology in the energy transition and reaching ambitious objectives of zero-net emission. However, the colossal penetration of IBG may create several issues. Using Voltage source converters (VSCs) equipped with the so-called grid forming control is thought of as a long-term solution of IBG-d...

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The electric power sector is one of the later sectors in adopting digital twins and models in the loop for its operations. This article firstly reviews the history, the fundamental properties, and the variants of such digital twins and how they relate to the power system. Secondly, first applications of the digital twin concept in the power and ene...

To promote the integration of renewable energy resources into modern energy systems, high-voltage dc (HVdc) and circuit breaker (CB) technologies have become critical to achieving secure and efficient energy transmission. This article reviews the technical development of the related areas, compares diverse breaker concepts and topologies, investiga...

This paper concerns the feasibility of Fast Active Power Regulation (FAPR) in renewable energy hubs. Selected state-of-the-art FAPR strategies are applied to various controllable devices within a hub, such as a solar photovoltaic (PV) farm and an electrolyzer acting as a responsive load. Among the selected strategies are droop-based FAPR, droop der...

The ongoing energy transition introduces new load and generation units like photovoltaic generation in the mediumvoltage systems network. These generation units increase the variance of the power injections, resulting in increased stochasticity of the power flow values. For confident assessment of the system’s operating condition, a measurement sch...

Local protection elements such as fuses and relays are the first protective mechanism to clear the fault and isolate the affected part of the power grid. Although the selectivity, speed, and sensitivity of these primary protection devices are relatively high, they cannot be considered flawless. There is a small percentage of events for which relays...

The multi-modular converter (MMC) technology is becoming the preferred option for the increased deployment of variable renewable energy sources (RES) into electrical power systems. MMC is known for its reliability and modularity. The fast adjustment of the MMC’s active/reactive powers, within a few milliseconds, constitutes a major research challen...

Future electrical power systems will be dominated by power electronic converters, which are deployed for the integration of renewable power plants, responsive demand, and different types of storage systems. The stability of such systems will strongly depend on the control strategies attached to the converters. In this context, laboratory-scale setu...

The frequency stability of the power system is challenged by the high penetration of power electronic interfaced renewable energy sources (RES). This paper investigates the improvements of the frequency response of fully decoupled wind power generators (FDWG) by proposing a novel generic model implementation of ultracapacitors (UC) within a hybrid...

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) are a new asset for Primary Frequency Regulation (PFR). PFR consists of varying the generator's power output proportionally to the frequency deviations, so to preserve the grid stability. The implementation and remuneration of PFR are determined by the system operators. However, assessing the revenue stream is...

In this study, a novel methodology is proposed for sensitivity-based tuning and analysis of derivative-based fast active power injection (FAPI) controllers in type-4 wind turbine units integrated into a low-inertia power system. The FAPI controller is attached to a power electronic interfaced generation (PEIG) represented by a generic model of wind...

This paper proposes a Electro-Magnetic Transient (EMT) model of a 2 GW offshore network with the parallel operation of two Modular Multi-level Converter (MMC)—High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission links connecting four Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) to two onshore systems, which represent a large scale power system. Additionally, to mitigate...

The increase in Power Electronic (PE) converters due to the increase in offshore wind energy deployment have given rise to technical challenges (e.g., due to unprecedented fast dynamic phenomena) related to voltage and frequency stability in the power system. In the Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs), the currently available current injection-based voltage...