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Publications (118)
The intrinsic complexity of smart grids requires computer-aided power system analysis to evaluate novel monitoring and control strategies and innovative devices. Due to the enormous computational requirements and the necessary Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) and Power Hardware-In-the-Loop (PHIL) applications, real-time power system simulation plays a fu...
Smart Grid integration plays a crucial role in transitioning towards a climate-neutral future by enabling advanced monitoring, management, and control of renewable energy sources, energy systems, and networks. However, several barriers hinder the integration of these innovative resources and strategies into current power systems due to the inherent...
The electric vehicle (EV) market is growing rapidly due to the necessity of shifting from fossil fuel-based mobility to a more sustainable one. Smart charging paradigms (such as vehicle-to-grid (V2G), vehicle-to-building (V2B), and vehicle-to-home (V2H)) are currently under development, and the existing implementations already enable a bidirectiona...
Electromagnetic transients (EMT) is the most accurate, but computationally expensive method of analyzing power system phenomena. Thereby, interconnecting several real-time simulators can unlock scalability and system coverage, but leads to a number of new challenges, mainly in time synchronization, numerical stability, and accuracy quantification....
Higher education plays a crucial role in modern society and in emerging energy systems, due to the rising complexity of the phenomena and the interplay among various layers (physical, cyber, social and economic). To cope with this context, universities need to develop new visions and tools for education and training. Real-time simulation (RTS) is e...
The energy transition represents the actual challenge in the next future, and requires new scientific tools of analysis in order to quickly and effectively deploy the most suitable technological solutions. This is required both to reduce as much as possible the long test phases on the field and to make investments more effective. This paper present...
The 55th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC 2020) has been held on 1–4 September 2020 in the Virtual Conference mode because of the limitations due to the pandemics, hosted by Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy [...]
Cosimulation techniques are gaining popularity amongst the power system research community to analyze future scalable smart grid solutions. However, complications such as multiple communication protocols, uncertainty in latencies are holding up the widespread usage of these techniques for the power system analysis. These issues are even further exa...
Many drivers are determining continuous changes in the structure and operation of distribution grids. In addition to the now long-lasting effects introduced by the smart grid paradigm, a number of new trends are emerging. This chapter provides an overview of how distribution systems are changing. Modernisation is the key point to pass from network...
Electric infrastructures have been pushed forward to handle tasks they were not originally designed to perform. To improve reliability and efficiency, state-of-the-art power grids include improved security, reduced peak loads, increased integration of renewable sources, and lower operational costs. In this framework“, smart grids” are built around...
Cold ironing represents an effective solution to remove air polluting emissions from ports. The high voltage shore connection system is the key enabling facility that allows to provide power from the shore side electrical system to the ship. The design of the shore connection needs a comprehensive assessment of the fault currents in different opera...
Cold ironing represents an effective solution to remove air polluting emissions from ports. The high voltage shore connection system is the key enabling facility that allows to provide power from the shore side electrical system to the ship. The design of the shore connection needs a comprehensive assessment of the fault currents in different opera...
Nowadays, buildings are responsible for large consumption of energy in our cities. Moreover, buildings can be seen as the smallest entity of urban energy systems. On these premises, in this paper, we present a flexible and distributed co-simulation platform that exploits a multi-modelling approach to simulate and evaluate energy performance in smar...
The modern applied research requires multi-disciplinary approaches and can be effectively enriched thanks to the close collaboration of universities' and industries' working teams. This kind of collaboration implies sharing of hardware and software facilities, and profitable contamination of knowledge and expertise among the members of the differen...
This paper proposes a Hybrid Microgrid (HμG) model including distributed generation (DG) and a hydrogen-based storage system, controlled through a tailored control strategy. The HμG is composed of three DG units, two of them supplied by solar and wind sources, and the latter one based on the exploitation of theProton Exchange Membrane (PEM) technol...
The growing interest in Multi-Energy Systems (MES) leads the scientific community to implement innovative technologies to analyse and simulate these complex systems. Two main research trends are identified in such analysis: i) improve the usability and capability of preexisting reference architectures in the energy field to cope with high-level use...
Nowadays, buildings are responsible for large consumption of energy in our cities. Moreover, buildings can be seen as the smallest entity of urban energy systems. On these premises, in this paper, we present a flexible and distributed co-simulation platform that exploits a multi-modelling approach to simulate and evaluate energy performance in smar...
Global Earthing Systems (GESs) are defined by international standards IEC 61936-1 and EN 50522 as an equivalent Earthing System (ES) created by the interconnection of local ESs. Thanks to this interconnection, just a percentage of the total fault current is injected to ground in a single ES, reducing the risk of electrocution. However, even if seve...
DC urban light railway systems are used for public transportation in many towns worldwide. In these systems, short circuit currents are often similar, both in steady state magnitude and in rate-of-rise, to normal operation currents. In order to properly set the protection relays, to obtain short circuit discrimination and to avoid nuisance tripping...
A model describing the relationship between tensile strength and total porosity in brittle open‐cell macroporous foams is developed and applied to silicate ceramic scaffolds produced by sponge replication and subsequent sinter‐crystallization. The tensile strength of the scaffolds decreased from 7.4 to 2.3 MPa as the total porosity increased from 0...
While the initial aim of smart meters is to provide energy readings for billing purposes, the availability of these measurements could open new opportunities for the management of future distribution grids. This paper presents a multilevel state estimator that exploits the smart meter measurements for monitoring both low and medium voltage grids. T...
Both Standards EN 50522 and IEEE 81 propose the Fall of Potential Method (FPM) to carry out the measurement of the Resistance to Earth (RES) of an Earthing System (ES). However, in urban areas, the recommended distances between the ES and auxiliary electrodes are not easy to respect, due to the presence of buildings and tarmac. Furthermore, unknown...
The refurbishment of historic buildings is a complex task in which the goal of obtaining a more energy-efficient building can conflict with the peculiar characteristics of the building's environment and its intended use. In this article, the authors address this problem for a very specific type of building: a historic opera house located in norther...
This paper studies the application of distributed and centralized solutions for voltage control in Low Voltage (LV) grids with high photovoltaic (PV) penetration. In traditional LV grids, the coordination of distributed PV converters and a centralized device would require massive investments in new communication and control infrastructures. The alt...
For planning and development and in real-time operation of smart grids, it is important to evaluate the impacts of photovoltaic (PV) distributed generation. This paper presents an integrated platform, constituted of two main components: a PV simulator and a real-time distribution network simulator. The first, designed and developed following the mi...
In this paper, we present a novel distributed framework for real time management and co-simulation of Demand Response (DR) in smart grids. Our solution provides a (near-) real-time co-simulation platform to validate new DR-policies exploiting Internet-of-Things approach performing software-in-the-loop. Hence, the behavior of real-world power system...
Urban districts should evolve towards a more sustainable infrastructure and greener energy carriers. The utmost challenge is the smart integration and control, within the existing infrastructure, of new information and energy technologies (such as sensors, appliances, electric and thermal power and storage devices) that are able to provide multi-se...
International Standards IEC 61936-1 and EN 50522 define a Global Earthing System (GES) as the earthing network, created by the interconnection of local earthing systems, that should guarantee the absence of dangerous touch voltages. This is achieved through two effects: the division of the earth fault current between many earthing systems and the c...
The evolution of the power systems towards the smart grid paradigm is strictly dependent on the modernization of distribution grids. To achieve this target, new infrastructures, technologies and applications are increasingly required. This paper presents a smart metering infrastructure that unlocks a large set of possible services aimed at the auto...
Distributed energy generation facilities, often based on renewable energy sources, have changed the classical management of Distribution Networks. Optimisation tools are useful to change the grid configuration improving its capability and exploiting an optimal flow of power within the network. There are different criteria for the evaluation of the...
The framework for virtual integration of laboratories enables co-simulation and joint experiments that include hardware and software resources hosted at geographically distributed laboratories. The underlying concept of such framework is geographically distributed real-time (RT) co-simulation. To this end, digital RT simulators are interfaced over...
The refurbishment of historic buildings is a complex task where the goal of obtaining a more energy efficient building often conflicts with the peculiar characteristics of the built environment, and its final destination. In this paper, the authors address this problem for a very specific type of building: a historic opera house located in Northern...
This paper deals with the identification of balance, unbalance and distortion components in unbalanced three-phase systems with distorted waveforms containing harmonics and interharmonics. The analysis starts from the harmonic distortion and unbalance components found through the symmetrical component-based (SCB) approach previously defined by the...
International (IEC) European (CENELEC) and American (NEC) Standards require, in each building, the connection of extraneous conductive parts (i.e. metal water or gas pipes) to the main grounding terminal. There are two good reasons for this: the voltage between extraneous conductive parts and exposed conductive parts is zeroed and extraneous conduc...
PRESENTATION of On the Hazardous Situations Due to the Presence of HV/MV Substations in Urban Areas, paper presented at EEEIC 2017
Due to the increasing penetration of distributed generation, storage, electric vehicles and new ICT technologies, distribution networks are evolving towards the Smart Grid paradigm. For this reason, new control strategies, algorithms and technologies need to be tested and validated before their actual field implementation. In this paper we present...
Planning and developing the future Smart City is becoming mandatory due to the need of moving forward to a more sustainable society. To foster this transition an accurate simulation of energy production from renewable sources, such as Photovoltaic Panels (PV), is necessary to evaluate the impact on the grid. In this paper, we present a distributed...
In this paper the electrical safety of DC urban traction systems is analysed, with particular focus on fault current detection and on dangerous voltages which could arise in case of fault. For the discussion the tram network of Turin, Italy, is used as a case study. Firstly the structure of the DC traction power supply is described, analysing in de...
International Standards IEC 61936-1 and EN 50522 define a Global Earthing System (GES) as the earthing network, created by the interconnection of local earthing systems, that should guarantee the absence of dangerous touch voltages. Despite that, Standards do not provide any official practical guidelines for its identification. The official classif...
For future planning and development of smart grids, it is important to evaluate the impacts of PV distributed generation, especially in densely populated urban areas. In this paper we present an integrated platform, constituted by two main components: a PV simulator and a real-time distribution network simulator. The first simulates real-sky solar...
When a single line to ground fault (SLGF) happens on the MV side of an HV/MV system, only a small portion of the fault current is injected into the ground by the ground grid of the faulty substation. In fact, the fault current is distributed between grounding electrodes and MV cables sheaths. In systems with isolated neutral or with resonant earthi...
The interest in the virtual integration of hardware and software assets located at geographically dispersed locations, although not new, has spiked recently. However, realizing joint real-time simulation in connected laboratories is posing new challenges. This paper discusses the generalized requirements of a framework for the virtual integration o...
Distribution systems are evolving towards fault self-healing systems which can quickly identify and isolate faulted components and restore supply to the affected customers with little human intervention. A self-healing mechanism can considerably reduce the outage times and improve the continuity of supply; however, such an improvement requires a fa...
International Standards define a Global Earthing System as an earthing net created interconnecting local Earthing Systems (generally through the shield of MV cables and/or bare buried conductors). In Italy the Regulatory Authority for Electricity and Gas requires Distributors to guarantee the electrical continuity of LV neutral conductor. This requ...
For future planning and development of smart grids, it is important to evaluate the impacts of PV distributed generation, especially in densely populated urban areas. In this paper we present an integrated platform, constituted by two main components: a PV simulator and a real-time distribution network simulator. The first simulates real-sky solar...
The accurate monitoring of distribution grids is essential to enable the intelligent management and control of future Smart Grids. Several challenges prevent an easy development of the state estimation tools needed to assess the operating conditions of distribution networks. The lack of a suitable measurement infrastructure is one of the most chall...
Multi-generation systems where different energy vectors are interacting, should be controlled in an optimal way, minimizing their operational cost. This paper presents a web-based software tool for the management and optimization of such systems. The presented tool incorporates an optimization core, a graphical user interface, a module for the acqu...
Modern electric distribution systems with emerging operation methods and advanced metering systems bring new challenges to the system analysis, control and management. Interdependency of cyber and physical layers and interoperability of various control and management strategies require wide and accurate test and analysis before field implementation...
International Standards IEC 61936-1 and EN 50522 define a Global Earthing System (GES) as the earthing network, created by the interconnection of local earthing systems, that should guarantee the absence of dangerous touch voltages. This is achieved through two effects: the division of the earth fault current between many earthing systems and the c...
International Standards IEC 61936-1 and EN 50522 define a Global Earthing System (GES) as the earthing network, created by the interconnection of local earthing systems, that should guarantee the absence of dangerous touch voltages. Despite that, Standards do not provide any official practical guidelines for its identification. The official classif...
In recent decades, most electrical appliances have been deeply transformed with the addition of power electronics. In case of failures, the fault current is no longer sinusoidal and the effects on human beings are, up to now, not well known. Non sinusoidal currents can be decomposed in a series of sinusoidal currents: for this purpose, the IEC Stan...
Modern electric distribution systems with emerging operation methods and advanced metering systems bring new challenges to the system analysis, control and management. Interdependency of cyber and physical layers and interoperability of various control and management strategies require wide and accurate test and analysis before field implementation...
The impact of coordinated malicious attacks may be dramatically severe and may yield a wide area blackout. A preventive measure is enhancing the infrastructure through investment. Due to limited budget, a decision making is required to select the best possible options, considering cost/benefit ratio. We designed a time-step simulation framework rep...
In the last years, the electrical distribution systems are undergoing one of their largest transitions in their long history towards smart grids. One of the key requirements and the first step in the path of smart grid is developing and deploying smart metering systems in distribution networks. In this regard, several projects co-funded by the Euro...
In this paper the electrical safety of DC urban traction systems is analysed, with particular focus on fault current detection and on dangerous voltages which could arise in case of fault. For the discussion the tram network of Turin, Italy, is used as a case study. Firstly the structure of the DC traction power supply is described; then the safety...
This report presents the proposal for the constitution of a European platform consisting of the federation of real-time modelling and simulation facilities applied to the analysis of emerging electricity systems. Such a platform can be understood as a pan-European distributed laboratory aiming at making use of the best available relevant resources...
High penetration of variable and non-programmable distributed generation has brought new challenges to the power system operation and is highlighting the need of a smarter grid. One of the key requirements in this regard is developing and deploying smart metering systems in distribution networks. In this paper we present the actual situation in the...