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Introduction
Additional affiliations
January 1991 - October 2016
January 1990 - present
University de la República, Uruguay
Position
- Professor (Full)
Education
January 2006 - October 2009
March 1968 - May 1976
Publications
Publications (179)
In this paper, we consider two ways of getting engaged with cultural heritage: visiting historic sites and monuments, and participating in community celebrations. We consider a sample that covers 18 Latin American countries and use data from the Latinobarómetro 2013 survey. We estimate zero-inflated ordered probit models to relate the intensity of...
The article Inequality and fiscal policies in Uruguay by race, written by Maximo Rossi, Marisa Bucheli and Florencia Amábile, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 24 January 2018 without open access.
We analyze individual and country factors that explain attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) in Latin America and the Caribbean. Most patterns at individual level are similar to the international ones: for example, approval of IPVAW is higher among women and people in rural areas or in disadvantaged socio-economic situati...
Citizens' attitudes are crucial in preventing or encouraging democratic weakening, specifically satisfaction with the functioning of the democratic system. We analyse the nexus between the rules and characteristics of the political system and satisfaction with democracy in Latin America. Using data from the 2015 Latinobarometer survey, we have est...
The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of fiscal policy by race, disaggregating to consider Uruguayans with primarily European, African and indigenous ancestry. We perform an incidence analysis, an estimation of the effect of fiscal policy on the poverty exit rate and an assessment of the impact on the average ethno-racial gaps. The finding...
The aim of this paper is to analyze the intake of two types of sweet snacks by women using competitive environments as stressors. We study the effect of competition on food intake from two perspectives: overall consumption and the substitution between two snacks (a “healthy” and a “nonhealthy” snack). For this purpose we did a laboratory experiment...
Leisure is a human condition related to the discretionary use of time in a rewarding way that contributes to individual well-being. Individuals decide to engage on cultural activities to enjoy pleasant experiences. Cultural participation can be explained in different dimension, considering how the individual access those cultural experiences: by liv...
Objective
To determine the factor structure of the Latin American & Caribbean Household Food Security Scale (ELCSA) and to study the influence of sociodemographic characteristics on each of the identified dimensions in Montevideo, Uruguay.
Design
Cross-sectional survey with a representative sample of urban households. Household food insecurity was...
El ocio es una condición humana relacionada con el uso discrecional del tiempo de una manera gratificante, lo que contribuye al bienestar individual. Las personas deciden participar en las actividades culturales para disfrutar de experiencias agradables. Estas pueden explicarse al tener en cuenta el tipo de acceso: asistencia en vivo, consumo en el...
In this empirical paper we attempt to measure the separate influence on civic engagement of educational attainment and cultural transmission of civic attitudes. Unlike most of the previous empirical works on this issue, we are able to approximate the cultural transmission of civic attitudes. We observe that civic returns to education are overstated...
Conclusiones:
Los resultados apoyan la idea de que la competencia es un estresor
que produce aumento de la ingesta y sustitución de comida hacia la
alto contenido graso
Mecanismos que pueden relacionar competencia y estrés:
El desplacer por competir puede ser una fuente de estrés
La confianza en sí mismo está en juego al competir. Falta de...
30.4% de los hogares en donde solo viven adultos presentan algún nivel de inseguridad alimentaria y 50% en aquellos hogares donde viven niños y adolescentes
Mayor prevalencia en hogares de bajos ingreso y con niñosImportancia de estudios que incluyan distintas medidas de inseguridad alimentaria de forma que permitan:
diseñar estrategias de interven...
Experimento económico desarrollado con estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de l a UdeaR. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados apoyan la idea de que la competencia es un estresor
que produce aumento de la ingesta y sustitución de comida hacia la
alto contenido graso
Mecanismos que pueden relacionar compete...
According to World Health Organization (2013), 30% of even-partnered women have
experienced either physical or/and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) in the course of
their lives.
The incidence of IPV in Latin America and Caribbean region is higher relative to other
high income and middle-income countries. This problem is particularly relevant...
Actitudes sobre la violencia hacia la pareja y roles de género de las mujeres uruguayas.
Well-being, measured as self-reported happiness has many determinants, which range from
gender to income and political affiliation. When it comes to more or less active ways of
participating in cultural activities, leisure has a significant impact in the levels of reported
happiness, which is in line with the proposed ideas of Stiglitz et al (20...
In Uruguay the tax structure and social spending reduce inequality and poverty for the
whole society (Bucheli et al. 2013). In this study we analyze the effect of fiscal policy by
race considering whites, afros and indigenous. The main question of our paper is whether
the reduction of inequality and poverty benefit a racial group over the others...
There is a wide debate worldwide, and particularly in Latin America with respect to citizen
insecurity and the proliferation of more punitive claims from the society itself. In this
article we analyze the attitude of the citizens belonging to the countries of the Latin
American South Cone towards maintaining the law regarding persecuting and pun...
The use of moderate physical violence while raising children is an extended practice, accepted as a disciplinary measure. Nevertheless, there is evidence that these practices during childhood produce negative effects in different areas of adult life. This motivates the analysis of the intergenerational transmission of this conduct. We used the surv...
Resumen El tabaquismo está influenciado por la interacción de factores individuales, sociales, medioambientales y culturales, los que impactan en la decisión de fumar y en el patrón de consumo. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar qué elementos caracterizan a quienes fuman en Uruguay. El estudio se realizó en base a la Encuesta Con...
Latin America is well known as an inequitable region. As it is recognized, inequality and corruption perception weaken the way that political institutions works and the democratic system. Focusing on Latin American and Caribbean countries, this paper analyzes what are the elements shaping tax morale. In particular, how the context influences ethica...
Based on the Survey on Social and Biological Reproduction of the Uruguayan Population: an approximation to gender and generations car- ried out by the Gender and Generations project in 2004, we study the eect of teenage childbearing on educational outcomes of mothers. The predicted results show that women in the sample present a 54% proba- bility o...
Latin America is known as the most unequal region in the world. However, the effect of income inequality on people’s welfare is still an open question. This paper assesses the relationship between income distribution and welfare by considering the levels of happiness reported by people. The main contribution of this paper is the examination of not...
This paper quantifies the distributional and poverty effects of trade liberalization in Brazil using household survey data. We estimate the consumption and labor impact of Mercosur trade reform following the methodology suggested by Porto (J Int Econ 70:140–160, 2006) and Nicita (J Dev Econ 89(1):19–27, 2009). Results show that trade liberalization...
Based on data from the Latinobarómetro, this study analyses data on happiness to establish the probability that an individual is happy. The focus is put on self-reported health status as a key aspect in increasing levels of happiness. The probability of being happy is econometrically estimated by probit models for each country. Results show that th...
While misanthropy has been analyzed taking into account one country and just comparing results, we employ the 2004 International Social Survey Program data set and assess its determinants from a cross‐country analysis by considering personal characteristics and country effects. Findings indicate that misanthropy is explained by sociodemographic and...
Este trabajo analiza cuales son los factores que explican el apoyo de los individuos a políticas proteccionistas incluyendo características tanto del individuo como de su país de residencia, que no han sido incluidos en trabajos previos. Para ello, se utiliza una muestra heterogénea de treinta países que incluye economías de distinto tamaño, países...
This paper analyzes the relationship between income distribution and individual wellbeing levels based upon the happiness levels reported by individuals in the Latinobarometro survey 2008. The main contribution of this paper is to study not only the direct effects of the economic performance (measured by per capita income, human development index,...
It is disputed whether trade liberalisation processes are sufficient for reducing poverty and inequality. We explore how ‘gains from trade’ have been distributed in the two minor trade partners of Mercosur, Uruguay and Paraguay, by analysing the impact of trade liberalisation on poverty and inequality through two main transmission channels: prices...
We provide evidence on the significant effect of religiosity (measured by attendance to religious services) on reducing depression. In particular, it is found a significant negative effect of religiosity on the probability of being depressed. Findings of previous studies are extended by showing that while the religious denomination seems to have a...
How much redistribution does Uruguay accomplish through social spending and taxes? How progressive are revenue collection and social spending? A standard fiscal incidence analysis shows that Uruguay achieves a nontrivial reduction in inequality and poverty when all taxes and transfers are combined. In comparison with other five countries in Latin A...
The aim of this paper is to assess the willingness to justify illegal actions (or permissiveness) in the case of Uruguayans. We introduce new factors within the analysis: whether this attitude has changed between 1996 and 2006. In line with previous findings, some socio-demographic variables (age, education, beliefs in God, and patriotism) reduce th...
This paper explores the key experiences that Uruguayans consider relevant for becoming an adult in Uruguay. In particular, we assess the linkages between adulthood and income; labor market participation and marital status, among other transitions that have been found to be associated with the attainment of adulthood. With the aim of identifying att...
En la mayoría de los países de América Latina, el aborto es ilegal, aunque existen causas atenuantes y eximentes de su práctica. Sin embargo, estudios realizados en países con procesos liberalizadores por más de dos décadas, como Estados Unidos, muestran la persistencia de actitudes diferentes frente al aborto, que van desde visiones pro vida a vis...
This article analyzes the attitude of the Uruguayans towards the subjection to the law in the prosecution and punishment of offenders. Specifically, it addresses the approval of people taking justice into their own hands and justification for police action outside the law when capturing delinquents. The LAPOP database (Latin American Public Opinion...
Previous research has shown that richer people are more likely to engage in an environmental cause. We extend it by considering the joint effect between subjective income and a set of macroeconomic variables. For doing so, we employ the fifth wave of the World Values Survey (WVS). This study provides clear evidence that even when both factors matte...
This papers aims at dimensioning the level of tolerance and its determinants. For doing so, we construct maps that describe world reserves of tolerance and we consider four basic dimensions: ethnic, religion, homosexuality and lesbianism and immigrants. Keeping in mind that individual perception of tolerance level is influenced by the combination o...
The objective of this paper is to describe the behavior of Uruguayan companies and the opinion that Uruguayan citizens have about corporate social responsibility (CSR). For this purpose, data was collected form surveys answered by citizens over CSR. This paper presents a comparative descriptive analysis on the main results obtained by these surveys...
The main goal of this study is to assess public opinion views on environmental problems and how these attitudes are based on individual characteristics in the case of Latin America. The contribution of this work is to show that attitudes towards environment are not only determined by personal attributes but also by macroeconomic factors. Moreover,...
There is an increasing literature that discusses how to measure the middle class. Some approaches are based on an arbitrary deÖnition such as income quartiles or the poverty line. Recently, Foster and Wolfson developed a methodology which lacks of arbitrariness that enables us to compare the middle class of two di§erent income distributions. We app...
We explore what are the key facts that Uruguayans consider relevant for being an adult. In particular, we assess the linkages between adulthood and skills, income, labor market participation and marital status, among others personal attributes. With the aim of identifying behavioral patterns, we estimate ordered probit models. Our dataset is the 20...
We analyze teenage sexual initiation of Uruguayan women younger than 24 years of age using a multinomial logit model for the
alternatives of not initiating, initiating without a contraceptive method, and initiating with a contraceptive method. In
this article, we find three relevant results. First, the level of education has a strong impact on the...
Existe un amplio conjunto de literatura sobre bienestar que centra su atención en la evolución del ingreso per
cápita y el índice de Gini. Ambas medidas por sí solas son insuficientes dado que en el primer caso se trata de un promedio que no analiza la distribución y, en el segundo caso, se considera la distribución, pero no cuánto se distribuye. P...
Although trade integration has potential benefits for developing countries, it is disputed whether trade liberalization processes are, per se, sufficient for poverty reduction and inequality abatement. Abundant work has analyzed the link between tariff reduction, poverty levels and inequality in both developed and developing countries. Gains from t...
We examine the factors that shape job satisfaction and in particular, the direct and indirect effects of the educational level. Our motivation is based on extending a large body of researches that is focused on private sector data by employing a larger and widely heterogeneous set of micro-data and by including non-linear effects and indirect effec...
In this paper we study the relationship between individual happiness and self reported health status, using the Religion, Health and Young Emancipation ISSP survey for Uruguay in 2008. Probit estimates suggests that health status has the highest correlation with happiness. In order to control for the observed heterogeneity of this variable, we esti...
Depression is one of the most widespread mental illnesses that affect people worldwide for very divergent reasons. The relevance of investigating what are the factors that facilitate depression are twofold: 1) its strong impact on the quality of life and happiness and 2) the possibility of identifying risk groups. In 2001, the World Health Organiza...
En el presente trabajo se analizan los determinantes conjuntos de las decisiones de fecundidad y oferta laboral femenina de los hogares uruguayos. En base a los datos de la Encuesta sobre Situaciones Familiares y Desempeños Sociales en Montevideo y Área Metropolitana de 2001, se estima la probabilidad de que una mujer se encuentre ocupada y de que...
The issue of public safety has been under debate in Uruguay and a great part of the public opinion highlights that the situation has worsened. The objective of this study is to verify people’s perception in Uruguay and discuss the responses in comparison with others Latin American countries. We employ the 2008 survey carried out by LAPOP (Latin Ame...
The aim of this study is to extend previous findings by showing that involvement in environmental issues is shaped by personal attributes such as education and the subjective income but also by country characteristics. The dataset for this research comes from the 2005 World Value Survey and the 2008 Latin-barometer survey that allow us to consider...
We examine the factors that shape job satisfaction and in particular, the direct and indirect effects of the educational level. Our motivation is based on extending a large body of researches that is focused on private sector data by employing a larger and widely heterogeneous set of micro-data and by including non-linear effects and indirect effec...
The happiness literature provides evidence on various factors, other than money, that do seem to contribute to individual happiness. As one explores the produced “happiness socioeconomics” literature, it is direct to understand the difficulty to find proper information on developing countries reality. In our analysis we investigate the relationship...
In most Latin American countries abortion is illegal, and there are mitigating causes. However, studies for countries that have been releasing processes for more than two decades, such as the United States, show that different attitudes remain the same, ranging from pro-life to pro-choice views. This work, from Latinobarómetro 2007, analyzes the pa...
We examine the foundations of corruption perception at the micro-level. Using micro and macro data, we focus on the incidence of personal characteristics and country effects. We extend previous researches by estimating sub-models taking into account differences in the countries of residence. Our database comes from the 2004 International Social Sur...
The objective of this paper is compare socioeconomic inequalities in the use of healthcare services in four South-American cities: Buenos Aires, Santiago, Montevideo, and San Pablo. We use secondary data from SABE, a survey on Health, Well-being and Aging administered in 2000 under
the sponsorship of the Panamerican Health Organization, and represe...
There is not general consensus about if women are more or less generous than men. Although the number of papers supporting more generous females is a bit larger than the opposed it is not possible to establish any definitive and systematic gender bias. This paper provides new evidence on this topic using a unique experimental dataset. We used data...
This is a study of obesity socio-economic determinants, as well as its impact on older aldults hypertension prevalence in Montevideo, Uruguay, the country with the eldest population of the southern hemisphere. Through the use of the Health, Well-being and Ageing survey (SABE project, PAHO-WHO, 2001) we estimate separate Instrumental Variables Probi...
This paper assesses the willingness to justify illegal actions and whether this attitude has changed between 1995 and 2005. Our dataset are 1995 and 2005 waves of World Values Survey. Permissiveness or the willingness to justify illegal actions is a cultural phenomenon that can be defined in several ways depending on societies and people. Hence, we...
In this paper we investigate some factors shaping individual support for protectionism that have not been studied previously. We examine a heterogeneous sample of thirty countries which includes both small and large and developed and developing countries using data from the 2003 International Social Survey Program (ISSP). We confirm the influence o...
In 2004, Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index ranks Uruguay at 28, seven positions higher than in 2001, scores changed from 5.1 to 6.2 (a higher score means less perceived corruption). In addition, there were no relevant corruption scandals in that period. Hence, we should ask: what are the foundations of corruption perception?...
If we accept that the concept of corruption is influenced by culture and personal values then, we should ask: 1) what are the individual characteristics that shape corruption perception? 2) how important is the incidence of the country of residence in determining it? and 3) is there a relationship between private and public perception of corruption...
This paper examines the foundations of attitudes towards immigrants by focusing on individual characteristics and country-specific effects. We use a micro-level data set from 31 countries. In particular, we utilize the module on National Identity of the 2003 International Social Survey Program (ISSP). Results indicate that gender, education, age, l...
This paper explores the effect of religious observance and affiliation to the dominant religion (Catholicism) on trust in institutions and toward others, and market attitudes. The analysis is performed using a Latin American database of 20,000 respondents from 2004 by means of ordered probit models. The most interesting results are:
Moreover, there...
Using data about births from the perinatal information system (PIS) registered in Montevideo (Uruguay), we estimated the probability of having a Caesarian section delivery, controlled by risk factors and the endogeneity of the choice of hospital. In public hospitals in Montevideo there is a fixed payment system, but in private hospitals this proced...
We introduce a new hybrid approach to joint estimation of Value at Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES) for high quantiles of return distributions. We investigate the relative performance of VaR and ES models using daily returns for sixteen stock market indices (eight from developed and eight from emerging markets) prior to and during the 2008 fi...
A bstract ¹
Past research has provided evidence of the role of some personal characteristics (age, gender, religion) as risk factors for depression. However, few researchers have jointly examined the specific impact of each characteristic and whether country characteristics (economic performance and others environmental factors) change the probabil...
This paper quantifies the distributional and poverty effects of national and external trade reform in Brazil using household survey data. We estimate the consumption and labor impact of the Mercosur trade reform following the methodology suggested by Porto (2006). In order to analyze the impact of external trade reforms over the Brazilian economy,...
This paper discusses celebrity participation in social marketing programs focusing on public health, especially on HIV programs. The research identifies the inhibitions of celebrity people and implications that this involvement may have upon their lives. The paper analysis data from in-depth interviews made to twenty-seven Portuguese celebrities fr...
This study uses data from the 1999-2000 SABE survey to analyze socioeconomic inequities in healthcare access, utilization, and quality, for a sample of elderly individuals from Montevideo, Uruguay. We find horizontal inequity favoring the rich in the quality of access to medical visits (lower time spent travelling to the office and waiting in the o...
Gender refers to the kind of behaviour that people expects about different persons according to their sex. Hence, it is a socially constructed and learned concept that defines what men and women should and should not do in the context of a defined time and society, and by means of socially shared rules. Using data from the World Values Survey, we a...
This paper presents descriptive data about religion and religiosity in Uruguay. Data is analyzed related to several topics such as tolerance, religious beliefs, spirituality and politics. Our dataset is the Religion and Religiosity National Public Opinion Survey (2008), carried out by the Department of Economics (dECON-FCS / ISSP). Data shows that...
Based on the Survey on Social and Biological Reproduction of the Uruguayan Population: an approximation to gender and generations car- ried out by the Gender and Generations project in 2004, we study the e¤ect of teenage childbearing on educational outcomes of mothers. The predicted results show that women in the sample present a 58% probability of...
This paper analyzes the perception Uruguayans have of the level of corruption in their country using the Citizens’ Survey. We understand for corruption the illegal profit of public officials from their position in public office. In Uruguay the citizenship perceives that the level of corruption among public officials is high. The greater the belief...
This paper provides a survey on studies that analyze the macroeconomic effects of intellectual property rights (IPR). The first part of this paper introduces different patent policy instruments and reviews their effects on R&D and economic growth. This part also discusses the distortionary effects and distributional consequences of IPR protection a...
Latin America is well known as the most inequitable region. As it is recognized, inequality and corruption perception weaken the way that political institutions works and the democratic system. Focusing on Latin American and Caribbean countries, we analyze what are the elements that shape tax morale. In particular, we analyze how the context influe...
The happiness literature provides evidence on various factors, other than money, that do seem to contribute to individual happiness. As one explores the produced “happiness economics” literature, it is direct to understand the difficulty to find proper information on developing countries reality. In our analysis we investigate the relationship betw...
We present a brief discussion about religious behavior from a microeconomic perspective considering individual decisions about church attendance and its frequency in some Latin European and American countries. With this aim, we analyze the links between individuals’ religiosity and several socioeconomic variables. We confirmed that Uruguayans are t...
We analyze data on happiness for Argentina and Uruguay. The focus is put on
self-reported health status as a key aspect in increasing happiness levels. Then,
the probabilty of being happy is estimated by probit models.
Results show that the main relationship is between happiness and health
status. Whether this is a causal effect or a correlation, i...
This study seeks to identify, measure and analyze possible discriminatory behaviors in southern Ecuador. There are three main findings. First, emigration is perceived as a social problem. Second, emigrant families are seen as economically “irrational” because they are not perceived to be investing remittances in productive and sustainable activitie...
In this study we use data on subjective well being and migration in Cuenca, one of the Ecuador's largest cities. We examine the impact of migration on the happiness of the family left behind. We use the propensity score matching estimator to take into account the endogeneity of migration. Our results indicate that migration reduces the happiness of...
Se emplea un amplio conjunto de datos que permite evaluar de diferentes formas la hipótesis de la felicidad, empleando cuatro enfoques metodológicos. Se constata que las personas de mayor edad en Uruguay tienen una tendencia a reconocerse felices cuando están casadas, cuando tienen un buen estado de salud y si tienen altos ingresos monetarios o est...
En el presente trabajo se analiza el comportamiento individual frente al pago de impuestos, pero desde una óptica diferente a la comúnmente adoptada: la moral fiscal. Utilizando datos del Latinobarómetro (Corporación Latinobarómetro, 2005) para el Cono Sur, se estima la relación entre la moral fiscal, una serie de variables socioeconómicas que cara...
Este estudio procura identificar, cuantificar y analizar posibles conductas discriminatorias en el sur de Ecuador. Hay tres hallazgos principales. En primer lugar, la emigración se considera un problema social. En segundo lugar, las familias de emigrantes se consideran económicamente “irracionales”, porque no invierten las remesas que reciben en ac...
En este trabajo, para Argentina y Uruguay, se utilizan medidas autorreportadas
de satisfacción con la vida y estado de salud individual, estimándose a través de
modelos probit la probabilidad de que un individuo sea feliz. Encontramos que
la principal correlación positiva es entre la felicidad y el buen estado de salud.
Para controlar la potencial...
In this paper we analyze the individual motivation to pay taxes from a novel perspective: the degree of tax morale. We use the Latinobarometro data set of 2005 for countries belonging to the Cono Sur area in Latin America. We estimate, through OLS and ordered probit regressions, the relationship between the degree of tax morale and two different gr...
In this work we quantify the impact of trade liberalization in the global beef markets over labor income, employment and poverty levels in Uruguay. The adjustment of local beef prices after an external shock to the worldwide price levels is imperfect. Estimations indicate that 76% of a certain shock to the export prices is transmitted to the price...
