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Mollugo oppositifolia Linn. is traditionally used in neurological complications. The study aimed to investigate in-vitro neuroprotective effect of the plant extracts through testing against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and β-secretase linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To understand the safety aspects, the extracts we...
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... experiment was repeated three times. For the analysis of the heavy metals, the instrumental condition is maintained as mentioned in Supplementary Table S1. ...Context 2
... the present study, the concentration of heavy metals was determined using the standard calibration curve of the standard heavy metals solution having optimal detectable concentration ranges. The toxic heavy metals concentration was documented in terms of parts per million (ppm) as shown in Table 1. ...Context 3
... docking study of the compounds against AChE (PDB ID: 4M0E) possessed good docking scores ranging from −6.5 to −11.1 (Supplementary Figure S1; Supplementary Table S1). The most stable was menthoside with a docking score of -11.1 followed by genistin, while the least stable among the six compounds was caffeine. ...Citations
Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1 or GPR40) is a potential target for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related disorders that have been extensively researched for many years. GPR40/FFAR1 is a promising anti-diabetic target because it can activate insulin, promoting glucose metabolism. It controls T2DM by regulating glucose levels in the body through two separate mechanisms: glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and incretin production. In the last few years, various synthetic GPR40/FFAR1 agonists have been discovered that fall under several chemical classes, viz. phenylpropionic acid, phenoxyacetic acid, and dihydrobenzofuran acetic acid. However, only a few synthetic agonists have entered clinical trials due to various shortcomings like poor efficacy, low lipophilicity and toxicity issues. As a result, pharmaceutical firms and research institutions are interested in developing synthetic GPR40/FFAR1 agonists with superior effectiveness, lipophilicity, and safety profiles. This review encompasses the most recent research on synthetic GPR40/FFAR1 agonists, including their chemical classes, design strategies and structure-activity relationships. Additionally, we have emphasised the structural characteristics of the most potent GPR40/FFAR1 agonists from each chemical class of synthetic derivatives and analysed their chemico-biological interactions. This work will hopefully pave the way for developing more potent and selective synthetic GPR40/FFAR1 agonists for treating T2DM and related disorders.
