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![Figure Table 1: 1: Electrical Flow chart parameters of the battery of EIG testing cell procedure [10]](profile/Mohamed-Abdel-Monem-9/publication/276057968/figure/fig1/AS:294579963219968@1447244744150/Figure-Table-1-1-Electrical-Flow-chart-parameters-of-the-battery-of-EIG-testing-cell.png)
Figure Table 1: 1: Electrical Flow chart parameters of the battery of EIG testing cell procedure [10]
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The charging profile and the quality of the charging system play a key role in the lifetime and the reliability of the battery. In this research, high power 7 Ah LiFePO4-based cells (LFP) have been used to investigate the impact of the fast charging technique on the battery’s lifetime and the charging time. The charging time is an important factor...
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... and Carbon-based anode. Table 1 shows the electrical parameters of the EIG cells. According to the manufacturer, these cells are suitable for use in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and can be charged and discharged by using the high current rate (20I t ) [10]. Before cycling, all the cells have been subjected to the preconditioning test which consists of 4 standard cycles within the manufacturer recommendations [11]. The life cycle test consists of a constant current discharge at 5 current rate (35A) until the cut-off voltage (2 V) followed by 15min rest time. Then the battery is charged according to the charging profiles that will be described below. The tests have been carried out at ~ 25°C by using a PEC battery tester. The charging profiles can be summarized in 8 cases as follows: Case 1: CC-CV fast charging profile applied at 4I t ; Case 2: CC-CVNP fast charging profile applied by using 40 charging pulses at 4I t followed by a negative pulse at 2I t ; Case 3: CC-CVNP fast charging profile applied by using 20 charging pulses at 4I t followed by a negative pulse at 2I t ; Case 4: MCC-CV fast charging profile applied by using two CC charging stages at 1I t and 0.5I t ; Case 5: MCC-CV fast charging profile applied by using three CC charging stages at 2I t , 1I t and 0.5I t ; Case 6: MCC-CV fast charging profile applied by using four CC charging stages at 3I t , 2I t , 1I t and 0.5I t ; Case 7: MCC-CV fast charging profile applied by using four CC charging stages at 4I t , 3I t , 2I t and 1I t ; Case 8: MCC-CVNP fast charging profile applied by using four CC charging stages at 4I t , 3I t , 2I t , 1I t and one negative pulse at 2I t after each charging stage. In all cases, the constant voltage charge step ends when the current decreases to 0.01I t . The life cycle test is interrupted at regular intervals (each 200 cycles) to conduct a reference performance test (RPT) to measure changes in the electrical performance of the cells (see Figure 1). The RPT consists of a capacity test based on CC- CV technique for charging and CC technique for discharging (1I t charge and 0.5I t , 1I t , 2I t , 4I t and 5I t discharge). In this paper only the 1I t discharge capacity will be ...Similar publications
In this work, we investigated three types of graphene (i.e., home-made G, G V4, and G V20) with different size and morphology, as additives to a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode for the lithium-ion battery. Both the LFP and the two types of graphene (G V4 and G V20) were sourced from industrial, large-volume manufacturers, enabling cathode prod...
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... If optimum amount of charge current is controlled as per the SOC/DOD, the battery will accept almost all of it with minimal temperature rise. [15] It's to be noted that the charging current gradually gets reduced in other modes of charging also, as the battery voltage increases, but the current always remains above optimum limits, leading to rapid rise in battery temperature. Fast Charging Algorithm has been developed for quick recharging of the 48V100Ah @ C20 / 90Ah @ C10 E Rickshaw battery in 3½ hours from 20% SOC (state of charge) to 80% SOC. ...
... This kind of protocol is composed of two or more CC steps that end when a well-defined cut-off voltage is reached [10,11]. The constant-current-constant-voltage-negative-pulse (CC-CVNP) charging protocol ( Figure 1c) shows a constant current profile divided in a certain number of steps, interspersed with a negative-pulsed current, useful to reduce the concentration gradients inside the electrode [12,13]. The pulse charging protocol ( Figure 1d) comprises a series of constant current charging steps, with rest phases introduced among each charge. ...
... This kind of protocol is composed of two or more CC steps that end when a well-defined cut-off voltage is reached [10,11]. The constant-current-constant-voltagenegative-pulse (CC-CVNP) charging protocol ( Figure 1c) shows a constant current profile divided in a certain number of steps, interspersed with a negative-pulsed current, useful to reduce the concentration gradients inside the electrode [12,13]. The pulse charging protocol ( Figure 1d) comprises a series of constant current charging steps, with rest phases introduced among each charge. ...
The widespread use of electric vehicles is nowadays limited by the “range anxiety” of the customers. The drivers’ main concerns are related to the kilometric range of the vehicle and to the charging time. An optimized fast-charge profile can help to decrease the charging time, without degrading the cell performance and reducing the cycle life. One of the main reasons for battery capacity fade is linked to the Lithium plating phenomenon. This work investigates two methodologies, i.e., three-electrode cell measurement and internal resistance evolution during charging, for detecting the Lithium plating conditions. From this preliminary analysis, it was possible to develop new Multi-Stage Constant-Current profiles, designed to improve the performance in terms of charging time and cells capacity retention with respect to a reference profile. Four new profiles were tested and compared to a reference. The results coming from the new profiles demonstrate a simultaneous improvement in terms of charging time and cycling life, showing the reliability of the implemented methodology in preventing Lithium plating.
... During the CC stage, the battery is charged at a constant current until the battery voltage increases to a pre-determined threshold, i.e., the so-called cut-off voltage; during the CV stage, the battery terminal voltage remains unchanged and the charging current gradually decreases until a minimum current threshold is reached. 8,9 This strategy is simple and easy to implement; however, the charging time is relatively long, producing potentially lower economic efficiency. [10][11][12][13][14] During the CC stage, the battery temperature can rise too high, thus inducing a potential hazard to battery health and the whole pack safety. ...
... It can be found that when the SOC is near 100%, all the coefficients increase obviously, but during the remaining period, they show little variation with the increment of SOC. Now, Q P can thus be determined based on (2), (9), and the charging current. ...
The temperature rise of lithium-ion batteries during the charging process is a significant factor that can influence battery capacity degradation and produce potential safety hazards. In this paper, an optimal charging strategy for LiFePO4 batteries is proposed to minimize the charging temperature rise. First, a battery charging temperature rise model is employed to simulate the temperature variation, and a first-order equivalent circuit model is established to identify the model parameters. Then, the genetic algorithm is applied to search the optimal charging current profiles considering different initial state of charge values and different control intervals. Experimental results prove that the proposed charging strategy not only features a lower temperature rise but also shows less charging time compared to the constant current charging method.
... Table 1 shows the electrical parameters of the EIG battery cells [14]. A previous study [13,15] performed on the same cells has showed that when the cells are aged with the same current profile, the remaining capacity is almost similar. The differences in the remaining capacity do not exceed~0.4%. ...
... This is was expected as capacity fade and resistance increase during ageing are linked, coinciding with what mentioned in Refs. [13,15]. As shown in Fig. 10(aec) and Table 3, there is no dependency of the ohmic resistance on the SoC level. ...
The rate and shape of the charging current indubitably affect the charging time and the ageing rate of a battery. Depending on the application requirements, it is possible to use high-charging current in order to decrease the charging time. However, the influence of fast-charging current profiles should be investigated to identify their impact on battery functionality over time. In this article, static and dynamic fast-charging current profiles are applied to a high power 7 Ah LiFePO4-based cells (LFP), and the results of cycle-life and characterization tests are discussed. To select the proper fast-charging profile, the evaluation relies on some factors: discharge capacity retention, charging capacity, charging time, and cell temperature. After 1700 cycles, the results revealed that the dynamic fast-charging current profile has a prominent role in decreasing the degradation rate as well as the charging time of cells compared with the static fast-charging profile.
... Energy crisis and environmental concerns are urgent problems to be solved for world's sustainable development[1][2][3]. Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) can be used both on static energy storage and transportation energy storage[4,5]thanks to their remarkable advantages such as high specific energy, high efficiency, and long life[6,7]. The two key tasks in battery management system (BMS) are to estimate state of charge (SOC)[8,9]and state of health (SOH)[10][11][12]to avoid battery abuse and prolong its life span[13]. ...
... Lithium titanium oxide (LTO) has been accepted as a novel anode material due to its high power density and long life[28,29]. From the view of cathode materials, LiNi 0:8 Co 0:15 Al 0:05 O 2 (NCA), and LiCoO 2 (LCO) have high energy density; LiNi 1=3 Co 1=3 Mn 1=3 O 2 (NCM) and LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO) are less expensive; LiFePO 4 (LFP) is the safest[6]. A universal model for SOH analysis needs to be proposed, which could be easily adapted to all types of batteries comprised of different cathode and anode materials. ...
The incremental capacity (IC) analysis method is widely used to analyze the aging origins and state of health (SOH) of lithium ion batteries. This paper analyzes the technical difficulties during the application of the IC analysis method at first. A universal capacity model based on charging curve is then proposed, which not only inherits the advantages of IC analysis method but also avoids the tedious data preprocessing procedure, to estimate SOH of lithium ion batteries. The feasibility and accuracy of the model are demonstrated. To verify the accuracy and flexibility of the proposed capacity model, it is applied on different types of lithium ion batteries including , and . Furthermore, the proposed capacity model is applied on the aged cells to validate the model accuracy during the whole life span of lithium ion batteries. The results show that the model error is less than 4% of the nominal capacity for each case.
Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) are advocated due to their environmental benign characteristic. However, the long charging time and the degradation caused by fast charging impedes their further popularization. Extensive research has been carried out to optimize the charging process, such as minimizing charging time and aging, of Lithium-ion Batteries (LIBs). Motivated by this, a comprehensive review of existing Charging Optimization (ChgOp) techniques is provided in this paper. Firstly, the operation and models for LIBs are explained. Then, unexpected side effects especially for the aging mechanism of LIB associated with unregulated fast charging are scrutinized. This provides a solid theoretical foundation and forms the optimization problem. Following this endeavor, the general framework with critical concerns for ChgOp system design is overviewed. Within this horizon, the state-of-the-art ChgOp techniques, clustered into open- and close-loop categories, are reviewed systematically with their respective merits and shortcomings discussed. Finally, the development of an emerging charging control protocol with both real-time affordability and degradation consciousness is further discussed as an open outlook.
