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Boxplots of cultivar effect on protein content (%DDM) showing the median (line in the middle), mean (diamond), interquartile range (box) and total range (whiskers) not including atypical values (circle symbols, where they exist).
Source publication
Sunflower seed quality, in particular the characteristics of hullability and protein content, has a significant
impact on the protein content of the resulting meal. Seeds dehulled before crushing produce a meal with a protein content of approximately 36%; without dehulling, the protein content is typically in the range of 27–29%. This study seeks t...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... was the principal factor affecting oil content, seed size (TSW) and percentage protein of DM. It did not however systematically affect the protein content of DDM: the variabil- ity for each variety was high (Fig. 2). Significant differences between varieties for protein content as a percentage of DDM were observed only in 2013: ES Violetta was significantly lower than Extrasol and Vellox (30.9% versus 33.5 and 33.3%) within the early group. Within the ME/ML group, NK Kondi and ES Tektonic had significantly lower protein contents than Dougllas ...
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This research was performed to determine the response of nitrogen (40, 80, 120 kg N ha-1) and sulphur rates (0, 50, 100, 150 kg S ha-1) on oil yield and seed nutrients content of sunflower. The experiment design was in split plots of randomized complete blocks with three replications for two years. According to the results the lowest oil yield (0.6...
Afield study was conducted at Gezira Research Station Farm (GRSF) to investigate the influence of full and deficit irrigation (irrigation stoppage) on sunflower in semi-arid environment in 2011 and 2012 winter seasons. One full-irrigated treatment (T1) and three deficit irrigation (T2, T3 and T4) treatments were applied to Hysun-33 and Bohooth-1 hy...
Citations
... Using the last generation exogenous enzymes, we can also modify the negative effects of the different fiber fractions. Its considerably high fiber limits its use in broilers (8,12,(17)(18)(19). However, according to several studies, SFM can be utilized in the diets of laying hens with no negative impact on egg quality parameters (9,20,21). ...
The use of locally available protein sources in poultry nutrition is challenging for feed manufacturers and farmers. Sunflower meal (SFM) is available in high quantities in several European countries and could be used as a poultry feedstuff at higher inclusion rates. However, its maximum inclusion rate in the diets of different poultry species and age categories is unknown. Pullets and laying hens can probably tolerate higher amounts of SFM, but only limited information is available on these poultry groups. Therefore, a digestibility trial was carried out with 8-week-old layer type pullets and 50-week-old laying hens. Beside a basal diet, SFM was fed at 10, 20 and 30% inclusion rates. Feeding SFM significantly improved the digestibility of essential amino acids (AA) of threonine, valine, lysine, tyrosine, glycine, aspartic acid, and arginine in the pullet diets. No such improvement was found in laying hens. Only the absorption of the two branch-chain AAs, leucin (pullets) and isoleucine (hens), declined due to SFM. The AA digestibility of the SFM itself was also calculated by linear regression. The coefficients were, in all cases, higher in hens than in pullets. Comparing the measured digestibility coefficients of SFM with table values, it can be concluded that high variance exists because of the differences in the methodology and the test animals in the digestibility trials. From the present trial, it can be concluded that SFM can entirely replace extracted soybean meal in pullet and layer diets, without negative effects on the protein digestion of birds.
... The oil content is a highly heritable trait, and modern varieties commonly show an oil content of 50%; a maximum value of 60% is rather difficult to combine with other useful characteristics. On the contrary, how breeding can independently increase the protein content of sunflower achenes is still poorly known [6]. ...
... Crude oil could fit the needs of low-impact agriculture, as it can be used in mediumsized plants (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), with marine diesel engines or gas turbines to produce heat and electricity [74]. Among vegetable oils, sunflower oil deserves particular attention, as it comes from a crop well suited to our territory as a substitute for corn, requiring few inputs and therefore easy to manage [75]. ...
The sunflower was introduced in Europe (in Spain) in the 15th century, and later in Italy in the second half of the 16th century by Giacomo Antonio Cortuso who was the head of the Botanical Garden in Padua. He and Andrea Mattioli published a detailed description of the species. The sunflower was mainly used for ornamental and medicinal purposes in the following two centuries. In the early 1800s, its cultivation area expanded as a consequence of two new, divergent uses and breeding programs: oilseed production and seed consumption. Nowadays, sunflower is cropped for many uses, mainly food, feed, and biodiesel. Beyond the global interest in this crop, it is extremely difficult to predict its cultivation and productivity in the short/medium term because of the current geopolitical and climate change scenarios. In this last perspective, sunflower cropping should foresee the integration of (i) crop breeding for improving quali-quantitative traits and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance; (ii) agronomic practices to increase the resilience of this crop through anticipated sowing dates and scheduled irrigation according to its phenological phases; and (iii) exploration of new cultivation areas towards higher latitudes.
... Un effet secondaire est que ces akènes sont beaucoup plus résistants au décorticage, notamment du fait de phénomènes d'adhérence entre coque et amandes. Il existe des variations importantes d'aptitude au décorticage au sein des cultivars [72] qui pourraient être exploitée pour limiter l'adhérence. ...
... Protein and fiber contents highly depend on the dehulling degree. SFM including the hulls has a protein content of 27-29% with higher fiber content, while dehulled SFM has a protein content of 35-37% with a lower fiber content [9]. ...
A novel bio-economy business model for production of bio-based succinic acid and value-added co-products has been developed using biodiesel industry by-products. Sunflower meal (SFM) fractionation resulted in an antioxidant-rich extract via aqueous ethanol extraction and a protein concentrate stream via NaOH recycling using ultrafiltration. Solid state fermentation (SSF) by Aspergillus awamori using untreated SFM resulted in the production of cellulase, β-glucosidase, xylanase, protease and phytase. After the extraction of co-products, the residual SFM was hydrolysed via thermochemical and enzymatic treatment using crude enzymes resulting in conversion yields of 0.23 g g⁻¹ total Kjeldahl nitrogen to free amino nitrogen, 0.56 g g⁻¹ cellulose to glucose and 0.92 g g⁻¹ hemicellulose to sugars. The SFM-derived hydrolysate was used in fed-batch cultures of Actinobacillus succinogenes leading to 34 g L⁻¹ succinic acid with a yield of 0.6 g g⁻¹ and a productivity of 0.71 g L⁻¹ h⁻¹. Crude glycerol supplemented with SFM hydrolysate resulted in 69.1 g L⁻¹ succinic acid with a yield of 0.39 g g⁻¹ and a productivity of 1.26 g L⁻¹ h⁻¹ by Yarrowia lipolytica PSA02004. SFM was efficiently used for co-product extraction, fermentation medium production and on-site crude enzyme production via SSF.
... Hulls are a by-product of sunflower oil processing and of confectionary seeds dehulling process. The hullability and protein concentration traits are now more important to consider for meal production in animal nutrition and some variability was observed among commercial varieties (Dauguet et al., 2016). All these outcomes and the market access will orientate the information included in the recommended list of varieties with some absolute requirements (seed composition) or some preferences ...
As a rainfed spring-sown crop, sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) is increasingly exposed to negative impacts of climate change, especially to high temperatures and drought stress. Incremental, systemic and transformative adaptations have been suggested for reducing the crop vulnerability to these stressful conditions. In addition, innovative cropping systems based on low-input management, organic farming, soil and water conservation practices, intercropping, double-cropping, and/or agroforestry are undergoing marked in agriculture. Because of its plasticity and low-input requirements (nitrogen, water, pesticides), sunflower crop is likely to take part to these new agroecological systems. Aside from current production outputs (yield, oil and cake), ecosystem services ( e.g. bee feeding, soil phytoremediation…), and non-food industrial uses are now expected externalities for the crop. The combination of climatic and societal contexts could deeply modify the characteristics of genotypes to be cultivated in the main production areas (either traditional or adoptive). After reviewing these changes, we identify how innovative cropping systems and new environments could modify the traits classically considered up to now, especially in relation to expected ecosystem services. Finally, we consider how research could provide methods to help identifying traits of interest and design ideotypes.
... As pointed out in earlier studies, higher oil content is a result of increase in embryo size and decrease of pericarp thickness (Pereira et al., 2000;Lindström et al., 2006). Study of Dauguet et al. (2016) had demonstrated that considering numerous factors such as genotype, environment and their interaction involved in the expression of hullability, the influence of genotype appears to be important, but also strongly affected by environmental effects (year and location). The pericarp anatomy of the achene therefore varies with genotype and hullability particularly dependent on the development of sclerenchyma tissue (Baldini and Vannozzi, 1996). ...
... Cependant, cette dernière n'est pas à négliger, puisque c'est une composante très importante du contenu des rations pour le bétail dans les tourteaux de tournesol(Fig. 4)(Dauguet et al., 2016). La proportion des différents acides gras dans l'huile est un caractère important dans les programmes de sélection. ...
Orobanche cumana est une plante parasite obligatoire qui infecte spécifiquement le tournesol, entrainant des pertes de rendement. En combinant des études génétiques et génomiques dans une approche de clonage positionnel, le gène de résistance à l'orobanche du tournesol HaOr7 a été cartographié dans une région de 55 kb du chromosome 7, contenant un gène unique. Le gène HaOr7 code pour un récepteur membranaire de type LRR kinase, montrant de l'homologie avec le gène Xa21 qui confère la résistance à la bactérie Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae chez le riz. Toutes les lignées résistantes comportaient un allèle du gène codant pour la protéine HAOR7 complète tandis que les allèles du gène de toutes les lignées sensibles codaient pour une protéine tronquée, sans le domaine kinase, ni le domaine transmembranaire. Nous avons montré que HaOr7 confère une résistance en empêchant O. cumana de se connecter au système vasculaire des racines de tournesol, dans une relation gène-pour-gène. Nos résultats illustrent que les plantes utilisent des mécanismes de résistance contre les plantes parasites similaires à ceux qu'elles utilisent pour lutter contre les microorganismes pathogènes. HaOr7 est le premier gène de résistance à O. cumana à avoir été caractérisé chez le tournesol, ouvrant de nouvelles voies pour une résistance plus durable à O. cumana et aux plantes parasites.
... Although O G determines the industrial performance of sunflower grains, P G determines the quality of by-products (González-Pérez, 2015;Dauguet et al., 2016). The latter are made from the oil industry waste after the grains have been degreased (Pedroche, 2015). ...
... Within the by-product market, there are "common" pellets (from not dehulled grains) with 27 to 30% protein and "low-fiber" pellets (from partially dehulled grains) with about 36% protein. The latter obtain differential prices in the market due to their higher P M and lower fiber content (de Figueiredo et al., 2015;Dauguet et al., 2016). For this purpose, it is essential to start with grains with high P G , since it has been observed that differences in P G could represent differences of up to 5% in the P M (Merrien et al., 1988). ...
... For this purpose, it is essential to start with grains with high P G , since it has been observed that differences in P G could represent differences of up to 5% in the P M (Merrien et al., 1988). Although genetic and environmental factors affect P G (Dauguet et al., 2016), N availability plays a fundamental role in the P G and, consequently, in P M (Andrianasolo et al., 2016). At the present, there is no record of studies evaluating the effect of N on P G and, consequently, on P M in HO vs. CONV genotypes. ...
Core Ideas
Positive effect of genotype and N on yield and protein in grains and meal.
No effect of genotype and N on concentration of oil in grain.
High oleic genotypes showed higher protein concentration of grains and by‐products.
Nitrogen increased the protein /oil ratio of the grains.
Nitrogen improved the quality of sunflower by‐products.
Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) conventional (CONV) and high oleic (HO) genotypes differ in yield and quality. Nitrogen affects grain yield, quality, and by‐products protein concentration. The objective was to evaluate the effect of genotype and N on grain yield, oil (O G ) and protein (P G ) concentration in grain and in by‐products (P M ). The effect of genotype was evaluated in Exp. 1 with 7 CONV and 7 HO hybrids, at two planting dates (PD early and late). The effect of N (Exp. 2) was evaluated in 10 locations (3 with CONV and 7 with HO), under six N rates (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg N ha ⁻¹ ). We determined yield, O G , P G and P M . For the early PD of E 1 , yield was higher in HO than CONV genotypes (3822 kg ha ⁻¹ vs. 3495 kg ha ⁻¹ ). In Exp. 2, N increased yield in 50% of the locations (HO: 586; CONV: 597 kg ha ⁻¹ ). In Exp. 1, genotype did not affect O G , but P G was higher in HO than in CONV ones (18.0 vs. 16.8%, respectively). In Exp. 2, N did not affect O G , but increased P G in both types of genotypes. Consequently, P G /O G ratio increased with N rates. The higher P G , was also reflected in higher P M (44.0% HO and 38.8% CONV, respectively). Increases of 2.5% points in P G resulted in increases of 5.6 in P M . Therefore, the application of N would allow obtaining high yields and P G without detrimental effects on O G , improving the quality of grains and by‐products.
... O descasque completo dos grãos de girassol antes da extração do óleo é essencial, pois tem a vantagem de reduzir o teor de fibras no farelo elevando significativamente o teor de proteínas, o que melhora seu uso para a alimentação animal e humana e, também, diminui drasticamente o teor de ceras e pigmentos no óleo bruto. Além disso, com o aumento dos custos de energia e as preocupações ambientais, as indústrias estão procurando substituir os combustíveis fósseis, utilizados como fonte de energia, pelo uso das cascas, através da sua queima, para a produção de vapor em caldeiras de biomassa (DAUGUET et al., 2016). ...
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a prensagem a frio a partir das amêndoas de girassol alto oleico (AO) para obtenção de óleo extra virgem, biodiesel etílico e farinha proteica. A caracterização química foi realizada utilizando métodos oficiais de análise. O óleo foi extraído utilizando uma prensa helicoidal contínua e obteve-se um rendimento de 40%. O biodiesel etílico foi produzido por reação de transesterificação obtendo-se alto teor de ésteres etílicos (99,2%). Com a remoção total das cascas foi possível produzir um farelo com elevado teor de proteínas (51,6% b.s.). A composição mineral dos grãos, das amêndoas e das cascas de girassol mostrou que nos grãos os elementos de maior incidência foram Fe, Cr e Ni; nas amêndoas S, P, Mg, Cu, Mn e Zn e nas cascas Ca, K, Al, Ba, Sr e Na. Todos parâmetros de qualidade avaliados para o óleo, farinha e biodiesel etílico estão de acordo com a legislação indicando alta qualidade do óleo extra virgem e estabilidade termo-oxidativa, não sendo necessário o seu refino. A prensagem a frio das amêndoas, com ausência total de cascas, permitiu obter coprodutos de alta qualidade para aplicação na indústria alimentícia (óleo extra virgem e farinha proteica) e energética sustentável (cascas e biodiesel).PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Helianthus annuus L., estabilidade termo-oxidativa, composição química, minerais, transesterificação. OBTAINING OIL, FLOUR AND ETHYLIC BIODIESEL FROM COLD PRESSING OF HIGH OLEIC SUNFLOWER KERNELSABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to evaluate the cold pressing from high oleic (HO) sunflower kernels to obtain extra virgin oil, ethylic biodiesel and protein flour. The chemical characterization was performed using official methods of analysis. The oil was extracted using a continuous screw press and the yield was 40%. Ethylic biodiesel was produced by transesterification reaction obtaining a high content of ethyl esters (99.2%). With the total removal of the hulls, it was possible to produce a meal with 51.6% proteins. The mineral composition of the grains, kernels and hulls showed that in the grains the elements of higher incidence were Fe, Cr and Ni; in the kernel were S, P, Mg, Cu, Mn and Zn and in the hulls were Ca, K, Al, Ba, Sr and Na. All quality parameters evaluated for oil, flour and ethylic biodiesel were in accordance with the legislation and indicated high quality and thermo-oxidative stability in extra virgin oil, with no necessity of refining. The removal of the hulls and the cold pressing of the kernels provide the production of high quality co-products for use in the food industry (extra virgin oil and protein flour) and sustainable energy (hulls and biodiesel).KEYWORDS: Helianthus annuus L., oxidative stability, chemical composition, minerals, transesterification.
Removal of the hull (pericarp) in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) reduces fibre and increases protein in seed meals. Thus, high hullability (H), the ease with which the pericarp is mechanically separated from the seed (kernel) is desirable. This study assessed how different hybrids, field environments, and canopy shading modified fruit H, and how that was related to morphology, anatomical structure, and chemical composition of pericarps in three high oil-producing hybrids that share a common female parent (Monsanto®, Argentina): Contiflor 9 (Zeneca S.A.), Dekalb Dekasol (DK) 3900, and DK4030. DK4030 had higher H than Contiflor 9 and DK3900. This was mainly associated with a lower frequency of parenchyma radii, which was stable across environments (locality-year) and among shading treatments. This showed that parenchyma radii were genetically determined and promising for breeding. Fruit volume was positively correlated with H only when the fruits had similar densities and the pericarps with comparable anatomical structures. Pre-anthesis shading reduced fruit volume, increased slightly the number of sclerified layers and cell wall thickness of the pericarp, but did not affect H. Post-anthesis shading reduced the thickness and the amount of material deposited in the cell walls of the pericarp and, consequently, fruit H. In the shading experiments, H was positively correlated with fruit hull content and the number of sclerified cell layer and the thickness of the cell walls of the pericarp. The wide range of fruit variables analyzed in the present study identified critical fruit traits that determine differences in fruit H in high oil-producing hybrids, and how they are modified by the growing environment.
