Xi Gao's research while affiliated with University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and other places
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Publications (4)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted infection characterized by inflammation of the cervix or urethra. However, a significant
subset of patients with N. gonorrhoeae remain asymptomatic, without evidence of localized inflammation. Inflammatory responses to N. gonorrhoeae are generated by host innate immune recognition of N....
Staphylococcus aureus is a dangerous pathogen that can cause necrotizing infections characterized by massive inflammatory responses and tissue
destruction. Staphylococcal α-hemolysin is an essential virulence factor in severe S. aureus pneumonia. It activates the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing gene family, pyrin domain...
Community Acquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) causes severe necrotizing infections of the skin, soft tissues, and lungs. Staphylococcal alpha-hemolysin is an essential virulence factor in mouse models of CA-MRSA necrotizing pneumonia. S. aureus alpha-hemolysin has long been known to induce inflammatory signaling and cell...
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a common sexually transmitted pathogen that significantly impacts female fertility, neonatal health, and transmission of HIV worldwide. N. gonorrhoeae usually causes localized inflammation of the urethra and cervix by inducing production of IL-1beta and other inflammatory cytokines. Several NLR (nucleotide-binding domain, l...
Citations
... Our study confirmed that N. gonorrhoeae (strain MS11) up-regulated the mRNA levels of IL-1β, and secretion of IL-1β in THP-1 cells, which is consistent with some previous studies (Zhou et al., 2013;García et al., 2016;Li et al., 2019). However, findings reported by Killen García which showed lower secretions of IL-1β in N. gonorrhoeae (P9-17 strain)infected human MDM (García et al., 2016). ...
... 1 However, S. aureus can cause various types of infections, including skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), pneumonia, osteomyelitis, and diabetic foot infections (DFIs), each with varying degrees of severity. [2][3][4] Due to the horizontal transfer of resistance genes from other bacteria, S. aureus has acquired resistance. 5 This has made S. aureus-associated infections particularly challenging, especially infections caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). ...
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... The secondary, or activation step, can be mediated by a variety of agents, including bacterial pore-forming toxins (PFTs) and self-derived extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) (Elliott & Sutterwala, 2015). It has been demonstrated that Hla induces NLRP3-inflammasome activation in human and mouse monocytic cells (Craven et al., 2009). Here we focus on Hla, which is one of the most prominent host-injurious toxins secreted by SA, though other S. aureus virulence factors can also trigger inflammasome activation such as LukAB and Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) (Holzinger et al., 2012;Melehani et al., 2015). ...
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... 29 In monocytes or macrophages infected with N. gonorrhoeae, IL-1β production is NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent, as established in previous research. 20,30 Notably, both Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR4 are capable of inducing TNFα production in N. gonorrhoeae-infected macrophages, although only TLR2 is directly implicated in N. gonorrhoeaemediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. 20 Furthermore, knockdown of TLR2 and TLR4 has been shown to reduce apoptosis, as well as the expression levels of NLRP3 and TNF-α, in N. gonorrhoeae-infected human endometrial epithelial cells. ...
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