March 2022
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418 Reads
Team Edinburgh presented 13 papers in the WFNS 2022.
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March 2022
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418 Reads
Team Edinburgh presented 13 papers in the WFNS 2022.
March 2022
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189 Reads
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6 Citations
Background Phytotherapy; the study of extracts of natural origin in the treatment of disease, has scarcely been applied in the management of GBM. A body of literature exists studying in-vitro , the use of natural extracts against GBM cells. Given persisting poor prognoses, we evaluated, through systematic literature-review the therapeutic potential of naturally sourced extracts in-vivo . Methods Using OVID, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched with compound search term. Abstracts and full-texts were double-screened by independent reviewers. Results Nine hundred and eighty-seven articles, excluding duplicated were screened, leading to the inclusion of 14. Amongst murine studies, Ashwagandha, Coptis Chinensis and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi in unprocessed forms, produced significant reductions in tumour volume. Amongst human studies, Perrilyl alcohol, derived from Lavender, reduced angiogenic cytokines in 31% of subjects, halted 6 month disease progression in 48.2% of subjects, and improved mean survival by 4.9 months in separate studies, respectively. Conclusion Although cursory, current trends in literature demonstrate the value of inhaled Lavender extract in the treatment of GBM, offering tangible clinical benefit to patients receiving conventional treatments. Furthermore, the administration of 8, discrete extracts in mice to produce significant responses in survival and tumour volume, suggest there is further scope for study. Although additional safety tests are required, currently, phytotherapeutics are the crossover to clinical translation, and additional trials are warranted to expound upon thus far promising results.
August 2021
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39 Reads
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4 Citations
Biosensors
Brain–computer interfaces (BCI) are reliant on the interface between electrodes and neurons to function. The foreign body reaction (FBR) that occurs in response to electrodes in the brain alters this interface and may pollute detected signals, ultimately impeding BCI function. The size of the FBR is influenced by several key factors explored in this review; namely, (a) the size of the animal tested, (b) anatomical location of the BCI, (c) the electrode morphology and coating, (d) the mechanics of electrode insertion, and (e) pharmacological modification (e.g., drug eluting electrodes). Trialing methods to reduce FBR in vivo, particularly in large models, is important to enable further translation in humans, and we systematically reviewed the literature to this effect. The OVID, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Scholar databases were searched. Compiled results were analysed qualitatively. Out of 8388 yielded articles, 13 were included for analysis, with most excluded studies experimenting on murine models. Cats, rabbits, and a variety of breeds of minipig/marmoset were trialed. On average, over 30% reduction in inflammatory cells of FBR on post mortem histology was noted across intervention groups. Similar strategies to those used in rodent models, including tip modification and flexible and sinusoidal electrode configurations, all produced good effects in histology; however, a notable absence of trials examining the effect on BCI end-function was noted. Future studies should assess whether the reduction in FBR correlates to an improvement in the functional effect of the intended BCI.
March 2020
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226 Reads
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11 Citations
European Spine Journal
Purpose There is anecdotal evidence that many patients who undergo reduction mammoplasty (RM) procedures, to relieve symptoms of large breasts, also report improvement in existing back pain. Given how important back pain is as a healthcare burden, the literature which explores the relationship between RM and back pain is sparse. Thus, we aimed to appraise whether such a correlation exists, through systematic review and meta-analysis. Method Adhering to PRISMA methodology, we used the OVID engine to search the MEDLINE and Embase databases with predefined search terms and inclusion criteria. MeSH terms were not exploded. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3, employing a Mantell–Haenszel method and a fixed-effect model suitable for dichotomous data. Results The review yielded 13 articles after exclusions, eight of which were suitable for quantitative analysis. The results of the analysis suggested an improvement in back pain following RM across all studies (OR 40.37 [8.09, 201.53] 95% CI, n = 1008). Heterogeneity was high (τ² = 5.14, χ² = 230.37, df = 7 (p < 0.00001) i² = 97%). Conclusions Although cursory, the evidence gleaned suggests that RM reduces the prevalence of back pain in patients with large breasts. Furthermore, we highlight the scarcity of studies investigating whether RM is at the clinical threshold of efficacy in treating back pain. Although the evidence is insufficient for recommending RM as a management option aimed at treating back pain, this review does identify the need for prospective data looking at back pain metrics as a specific outcome measure before and after reduction mammoplasty. Graphic abstract Open image in new window
... Stem bark extracts from Castanea sativa (extracted with MeOH and EtOAc) were found to exhibit inhibitory effects on the in vitro growth of U373 glioblastoma cells (Fr� ed� erich et al., 2009). Recently, a group of researchers reported the scope of phytotherapy in GBM management through a comprehensive review (Mian et al., 2022). ...
March 2022
... In the longer term, this can cause cellular responses that change the local environments, resulting in (1) encapsulation of the electrodes by glia cells and deterioration of the recorded signals, and (2) neural cell death close to the implantation site [3]. Materials that are more biocompatible will be necessary for the development of electrodes in the future, e.g., the flexible electrode which reduces damage to brain tissue and foreign body reactions [115]. Neuralink recently demonstrated flexible electrodes named "treads", which are inserted in the cortex through specially designed surgical robots [18]. ...
August 2021
Biosensors
... Although breast reduction is considered a safe and reliable surgery in older women, there are few studies investigating specific circumstances in geriatric population such as the utility of different pedicles or length of OR time or if satisfaction rates after reduction surgery are similar to the general population [3,4]. Despite the fact that pain relief and postural improvement are generally considered primary goals for older women who seek out breast reduction and treatment plans are drawn out accordingly, this can be a misconception as classically accepted age standards are shifting [5]. ...
March 2020
European Spine Journal