R Schenk's research while affiliated with Universität Bern and other places

... Anderson (1965) has examined the healing pattern of osteotomies fixed with different internal devices that provided different degrees of rigidity of fixation. Bagby (1958) and Schenk and Willenegger (1963) were able to show that rigid internal fixation with a compression plate led to direct bone deposition in the osteotomy gap or, where exact apposition existed, even direct healing from cortex to cortex. This was shown in the human and in the dog (Schenk and Willenegger, 1967), in the sheep (Perren, Huggler, Russenberger, AIlg6wer, Mathys, Schenk, Willenegger, and Mfiller, 1969), and in the rabbit (Rahn, Gallinaro, Hunter, Schenk, and Perren, 1969). ...

... Additionally, the distance from this line to the deepest point of the talar sulcus was assessed a (Fig. 4). TDR is a quotient when dividing a by b as described by Riede et al. (1971) ...

... Some of the free erythrocytes are located in the lumen of the developing capillaries, the rest of them remain extravascular. Zinkernagel et al. (1972) consider the finding of free erythrocytes an artifact occurring in immersion-fixed specimens. This fixation breaks open the capillaries easily. ...

... Following the introduction of rigid internal fixation in the mid-20 th century, Robert Danis, a Belgian surgeon, was one of the first to observe that fractures healed without radiologically visible callus after compression fixation (11). This process is characterized by the production of lamellar bone in concert with osteoclast "cutter cones" and osteoblast crossing of the fracture site (12,13). ...

... At that time, it was generally accepted to interpret callus formation as a sign of progressing bone healing and the surgeons concluded wrongly that the missing callus with stable internal fixations would indicate a lack of bone healing. The experimental clinical and histological research conducted by Willenegger (Hospital Liestal near Basel) and Prof. Robert Schenk (University of Basel at that time) demonstrated on dog-radii that with sufficiently stabilized osteotomies primary direct bone healing occurs without callus formation (Schenk 1963, Schenk 1964 (Fig. 2). Perren showed with his strain gauge measurements on experimental compression-osteosyntheses on sheep in combination with related histological investigations that no bone resorption occurred by the exerted compression (Perren et al. 1969). ...

... Also, abnormalities in such patterns have been linked to the onset of osteoarthritis 2 , making therefore the investigation of the contact characteristics of the ankle of paramount importance. Early attempts of measuring the contact features of the ankle date back to cadaveric studies in the 1970s 3,4 and since then many different methodologies have been developed for the ex-vivo investigation of the contact characteristics of the joint [5][6][7][8][9] . However, results from cadaveric studies were obtained in conditions substantially different from the in-vivo scenarios they were trying to mimic. ...

... Even if they are, such artifacts must reflect differences in the tissue since they are consistent and have been illustrated in other species. 13 Enzyme digestions of the extracted tissue also provide more evidence that the lacunar and collagen-associated materials stained by RR at least include proteoglycan (a complex of glycosaminoglycan and protein). Their loss after digestion with testicular hyaluronidase indicates that they contain glycosaminoglycans. ...

... Background Compared with the experiments and experience regarding primary bone healing of compact bone (Willenegger et al., 1962), the reconstruction of destroyed joints or compartments therefrom, including their scaffolds of cancellous bone, remained an unsolved problem. In most cases, major reconstructions were performed with osteosynthesized fresh osteochondral allografts (Gross et al., 1983). ...

... In clinical studies, a dentifrice containing 3.3% pyrophosphate and 1% PVM/MA copolymer significantly inhibited the formation of supragingival calculus as compared with a placebo dentifrice 194 , and it was more effective than a dentifrice containing 3.3% pyrophosphate alone. 195 ZINC ION Zinc salts are thought to reduce plaque acidogenicity 196 Kazmierczak et al. 202 in a six-month clinical study. A 2.0% zinc citrate dentifrice significantly reduced supragingival calculus deposits, compared with a placebo dentifrice. ...

... The bony graft cylinder showed the same stages now known from cancellous bone healing. The bony baseplate presented compact bone and was revascularized via cutter heads (Schenk and Willenegger, 1967), comprising osteoclasts in front followed by central capillaries and a lining of osteoblast layers. The remodeling described for compact bone (Frost, 1963) is also valid for the bony baseplate, indicating that the bony baseplate plays an important role in the nutrition of the cartilage. ...