Benjamin Richaud's research while affiliated with Dalhousie University and other places

... Arctic sea ice leads refer to fractures in pack ice resulting from spatial heterogeneity in ice motion driven by winds, ocean currents, internal stress and inertial forces (Marsan et al., 2004). Lead opening effectively breaks the insulation of sea ice cover, promotes direct interactions between the atmosphere and ocean, and facilitates the exchange of energy, mass, and momentum at the surface (Andreas, 1980;Smith et al., 1990;Vihma, 2014), regulating the freshwater and heat content in the oceanic mixed layer (Perovich et al., 2021;Richaud et al., 2024). During the freezing season, leads enhance ice production and the heat released from the upper ocean into the atmosphere, which is a possible mechanism for Arctic Amplification (Rantanen et al., 2022), strengthened mixing in the upper ocean (Giesse et al., 2020) and the formation of supercooled water under the ice (Katlein et al., 2020). ...

... No high-resolution observation-based air-sea CO 2 flux estimate currently exists for the North Pacific Ocean. The northeast Pacific Ocean has been characterized as a net annual sink for atmospheric CO 2 (Wong et al., 2010;Franco et al., 2021;Sutton et al., 2017;Duke et al., 2023b). The region is divided by two dominant oceanographic features: the Alaskan Gyre system to the north and the North Pacific Current to the south (Franco et al., 2021). ...

... The 1D model outputs are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7038942 (Richaud et al., 2022). The ACCESS-ESM1.5 data can be accessed at https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/cmip6/ ...