Mineral and Vitamin Compositions Contents in Watermelon Peel (Rind)

Abstract

Recently, it has taken a boom the use of fruit and vegetable waste to reduce environmental pollution. The aim of this work was to evaluate some physical and chemical properties of watermelon rind, the mineral and vitamin compositions of the rind of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) were investigated, using standard methods. in the peel, Iron 1.29, manganese 1.42, phosphorous 135.24, calcium 29.15, sodium 12.65, copper 0.45, zinc 1.29, magnesium 1.48, potassium 1.37 are showed in table-1 and as shown in Table 2, composition of vitamin composition in mg/100 g, vitamin A -52.13, vitamin B1-1.23, vitamin B2-2.71, vitamin B3-4.25, vitamin B6-5.34, and vitamin C-8.46, The preponderance of these nutrients in the, especially rind samples, may be of nutritional and physiological importance warranting further studies to increase the dietary use of these food wastes and reduce the attendant burden in the environment, The aim of this research work is to determine some functional properties of the rind and chemical properties of the dried power extract with a view of harnessing it for consumption and possible industrial usage

Full text

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) Special Issue-5: 129-133
129
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences
ISSN: 2319-7706 Special Issue-5 (October-2017) pp. 129-133
Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com
Original Research Article
Mineral and Vitamin Compositions Contents in Watermelon Peel (Rind)
G. Gladvin1*, G. Sudhakar2, V. Swathi1 and K. V. Santhisri1
1Department of Foods and Nutritional Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University,
Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
2Department of Environmental Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University,
Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
*Corresponding author
A B S T R A C T
Recently, it has taken a boom the use of fruit and vegetable waste to reduce environmental
pollution. The aim of this work was to evaluate some physical and chemical properties of
watermelon rind, the mineral and vitamin compositions of the rind of watermelon (Citrullus
lanatus) were investigated, using standard methods. in the peel, Iron 1.29, manganese 1.42,
phosphorous 135.24, calcium 29.15, sodium 12.65, copper 0.45, zinc 1.29, magnesium
1.48, potassium 1.37 are showed in table-1 and as shown in Table 2, composition of vitamin
composition in mg/100 g, vitamin A -52.13, vitamin B1-1.23, vitamin B2-2.71, vitamin B3-
4.25, vitamin B6- 5.34, and vitamin C-8.46, The preponderance of these nutrients in the,
especially rind samples, may be of nutritional and physiological importance warranting
further studies to increase the dietary use of these food wastes and reduce the attendant
burden in the environment, The aim of this research work is to determine some functional
properties of the rind and chemical properties of the dried power extract with a view of
harnessing it for consumption and possible industrial usage.
Introduction
Watermelon (family Cucurbitaceae and
species Citrullus lanatus) is a major fruit
widely distributed in the tropics and sub
tropic regions (Yamaguchi, 2006). It is one
of the most important vegetable crops and
has large, round, oval or oblong fruit shape,
the skin is smooth, with dark green rind or
sometimes pale green stripes that turn
yellowish green when ripe with very rich
source of vitamins (Vitamin A 590 IU,
Niacin 0.2 mg/100g and Vit. C 0.7-7.0
mg/100 g), and also serves as a good source
of phyto-chemicals (Perkins-Veazie and
Collins, 2004). It can be used for breakfast
as appetizer or snack (Salk et al., 2008), and
(Citrulus lanatus) is a popular thirst-
quencher during hot summer weather, it has
source of carotenoid and lycopene,
Lycopene has been found to be protective
against a growing list of cancer (Cho, et al.,
2004), and is delectable, thirst-quencher
which helps quench the inflammable that
contributes to conditions like diabetes,
atherosclerosis, arthritis, asthma, and colon
cancer (Jian et al., 2007). Cucurbit seeds are
source of food particularly protein and oil
(Hassan et al., 2008). Watermelon is also
expectedly high in citrulline, an amino acid
the body make use of to make another amino
acid, arginine (used in the urea cycle to
K e y w o r d s
Watermelon,
wastes,
mineral,
vitamin, rind,
dietary use

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) Special Issue-5: 129-133
130
remove ammoniacal from the body) (Collins
et al., 2007), and contained many smooth
compressed seeds that thickened at the
margin and of black or yellow-white colour
(Sodeke, 2005 & Achu, et al., 2005),
reported high lipid level seeds from different
regions.
The therapeutic effect of watermelon has
been reported and has been ascribed to
antioxidant compounds (Leong and Shui,
2002; Lewinsohn et al., 2005).
The studies on watermelon fruits have
focused on the anti-nutritional (Johnson et
al., 2012), phyto-chemical and anti-oxidant
properties (Oseni et al., 2013), also to
increase shelf-life (Hanan et al., 2013) and
the fruit juice having the nutritional/quality
(proximate) contents (Fila et al., 2013), the
rind (peels) which could encourage their
consumptions or further use. The aim of this
research work is to determine some
functional properties of the peel (rind) dried
power extract with a view of harnessing it
for consumption and possible industrial
usage.
Materials and Methods
Collection and preparation of samples:
Watermelon fruits were bought from market.
The watermelon was thoroughly washed to
remove sand particles after which it was
sliced using a home choice knife. The pulp
was carefully scraped off to obtain the rind
which was chopped into pieces with a
chipping machine. The rind chips were
weighed. The rind (wet weight = 200 g) and
sundried to obtain the corresponding dry
weight for the rind (100 g).
Chemicals and reagents: All chemicals used,
including those used in the preparation of
reagents, were of analytical grade and
products of reputable companies.
Determination of the vitamin, mineral
and amino acid compositions
Vitamin A, B1 (thiamine), B2, B3 (niacin)
and B6 were variously determined by the
spectrophotometric methods reported by
Onwuka (2005) whereas; vitamin C
(ascorbic acid) was determined by the
method described by Okwu and Josiah
(2006).
Mineral content viz: phosphorous, iron, zinc,
manganese, copper, potassium, sodium,
calcium and magnesium were determined by
the spectrophotometric method described by
James (1995), using Jenway Digital
Spectrophotometer, Model 6320D,
manufactured by Jenway Equipment
Company, France. Potassium and sodium
were determined by the flame photometric
method, using Jaway Digital Flame
Photometer.
Results and Discussion
Generally, Minerals and vitamins are
essential, but in small amounts, for the
regulation of normal metabolism and as an
antioxidant (Barminas et al., 1998), the
ability of watermelon rind powder and
synthetic antioxidants (BHA) to prevent the
bleaching of b-carotene (Keyvan et al.,
(2007), and the watermelon rind and seed
flours study were composed of the various
minerals determined, concurring with that
reported by Hafiza et al., 2002, the mineral
composition (mg/100 g) in the peel, Iron
1.29, manganese 1.42, phosphorous 135.24,
calcium 29.15, sodium 12.65, copper 0.45,
zinc 1.29, magnesium 1.48, potassium 1.37
are showed in table-1 and as shown in Table
2, composition of vitamin composition in
mg/100 g, retinol (vitamin A) -52.13,
Thiamine (vitamin B1)1.23, Riboflavin
(vitamin B2) 2.71, Niacin (vitamin B3) -
4.25, Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)- 5.34,

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Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) -8.46, Similar
higher nutrient composition in the seed than
in the rind was reported in a similar studies
by Koocheki et al., 2007 and Egbuonu,
2015), In the present study, mineral contents
for human diet and some important physical
properties such as design of equipments for
sowing, processing, transportation, sorting,
separation and packaging of watermelon is
very important (Mustafa et al., 2010).
Table.1 Some mineral composition of water melon peel
S.No
Mineral
Rind mg/100g
1
Iron
1.29
2
Manganese
1.42
3
Phosphorous
135.24
4
Calcium
29.15
5
sodium
12.65
6
Copper
0.45
7
Zinc
1.29
8
magnesium
1.48
9
Potassium
1.37
Table.2 Vitamins composition in water melon peel
S.No
Vitamins
Rind mg/100g
1
Retinol (vitamin A)
52.13
2
Thiamine (vitamin B1)
1.23
3
Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
2.71
4
Niacin (vitamin B3)
4.25
5
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
5.34
6
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
8.46
Fig.1 Graphical representation of mineral composition in watermelon peel

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Fig.2 Graphical representation of vitamin composition in water melon peel
Minerals in adequate amount ensure the
normal physiological functions, including iron
utilization (Adeyeye, 2000), in the graphical
representation phosphorous is very high
content and followed Calcium and sodium
table-1, and the vitamin A is very high, and
the abundance of these minerals and vitamins
in the sample is nutritionally and
physiologically noteworthy
Table 1: Some mineral composition of
watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) rind and seed
flours Rind Seed Difference Minerals
The result shows that the peel (rind) is a better
source for the minerals and vitamins
Phosphorous, Calcium, vitamin A and vitamin
C are reported that waste material have had
valuable contents it may be of nutritional and
physiological importance. Further studies,
aimed at exploiting the finding of this study to
increase the dietary use of these fruit wastes
thereby use to various purposes by making as
powder and decrease the solid waste in the
environment.
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