Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disorder with heterogeneous clinical features. Based on clinical and multimodal imaging studies, AMD has been classified with a great extent of consensus into early-stage, that is, from medium- to large-sized drusen and retinal pigmentary abnormalities and late-stage, that is, atrophic and neovascular. At different stages, multiple cell types of retina and choroid, as well as immune cells, interact and participate in pathophysiological events at the macular region. In the macular milieu, dysregulated events in the oxidative stress/ROS generation, bioenergetic homeostasis, complement, inflammation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix metabolism contribute to AMD pathogenesis over the disease course. To date, increasing genetic susceptibility loci have been identified, of which the most important ones are in the CFH and ARMS2 genes. The interplay between genetic factors and environmental factors has been gradually elucidated through new findings and the advent of new technologies. Based on the mechanistic understanding, slowing down the dry AMD progression by dietary antioxidants and zinc and preventing vision loss in patients with wet AMD by intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy have been achieved. However, it must be admitted that there is no cure for AMD yet. In this chapter, we are introducing the proven therapies for AMD patients at different stages and discussing some experimental therapies used in the real world clinical practice.