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Neither Phoebe nor Cinnamomum - the tetrasporangiate species of Aiouea (Lauraceae)

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Cinnamomum is among the largest genera of the Lauraceae, including species from tropical to temperate Asia and from tropical to subtropical America. However, previous studies indicated that Cinnamomum might not be monophyletic in its current circumscription. We therefore re-investigated the genus and possible relatives with an increased taxon sample, particularly of the Neotropical species. Our results, based on sequences of the nuclear ITS region and the chloroplast spacers psbA-trnH and trnG-trnS, show that the Neotropical Cinnamomum species indeed do not form a monophyletic group with the Paleotropical species. Instead, the American species form a clade in which most species of the Neotropical genus Aiouea are nested within several subclades. According to the ITS data the Aiouea/Cinnamomum clade is sister to the likewise predominantly Neotropical Ocotea complex, rather than the two Paleotropical Cinnamomum clades. Therefore, Cinnamomum cannot be upheld in its current circumscription. As the type C. verum, is from Asia, the Neotropical species need to be placed in a different genus. We decided to transfer them to Aiouea here, because this is the oldest generic name in the Aiouea/Cinnamomum clade, and the only character separating Aiouea from Neotropical Cinnamomum is the number of pollen sacs per anther (di- vs. tetrasporangiate), a feature that is known to be variable within several other genera as well. This transfer requires 42 new combinations and two nomina nova. In addition, six species described in the unpublished Ph.D. thesis of one of the authors (FLH) are validated in Aiouea here, and the only species of the genus Mocinnodaphne is transferred to Aiouea as well.
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66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111 Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
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  -
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  

Neither Phoebe nor Cinnamomum – the tetrasporangiate species of
Aiouea (Lauraceae)
Randi Rohde,1 Barbara Rudolph,1 Kristina Ruthe,1 Francisco G. Lorea-Hernández,2
Pedro Luis Rodrigues de Moraes,3 Jie Li4 & Jens G. Rohwer1
1 Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
2 Instituto de Ecología, Apartado Postal 63, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
3 Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Departamento de Botânica, Av. 24 A 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro,
São Paulo, CEP 13506-900, Caixa Postal 199, Brazil
4 Plant Phylogenetics and Conservation Group, Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Rd., Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
 Jens G. Rohwer, Jens.Rohwer@uni-hamburg.de
ORCID 
DOI 6
Abstract
Cinnamomum        
Cinnamomum   

psbA-tr nH
trnG-trnSCinnamomum 
Aiouea
AioueaCinnamomum     
OcoteaCinnamomumCinnamomum-
C. verum
Aiouea    AioueaCinnamomum 
AioueaCinnamomum


AioueaMocinnodaphneAiouea
Keywords
AioueaCinnamomumMocinnodaphnepsbA-t rnHtrnG-trnS
Supplementary Material
Electro-

)-

 
  
   
Cinnamomum 
 
-
-

 




 
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66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
Cinnamomum Phoebe 
Cinnamomum montanum

Cinnamomum 

Phoebe  
Phoebe      
  



Cinnamomum
-
Cinnamomum


   

Persea
 
  

Phoebe
Cinnamomum 
Cinnamomum 



CinnamomumOcotea 
 Aiouea
Mocinnodaphne  


Cinnamomum 

 
-
matKtrnL-trnFrpoBrbcL rpl16
 
 

  Cinnamomum 
   

LEAFY
rpb2
Fig. .
PhoebeCinnamomum
A,
Phoebe
B,
Aiouea hirsuta
(“Cinnamomum hirsutumC, Cinnamomum wilsoniiCinnamomum

D,
Cinnamomum glanduliferumCamphora     

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66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111 Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)

Aiouea Cinnamomum  Mocinnodaphne.

 


& al. 
trnK trnG-trnS
trnT-ps bDrp s16 - t r nQpsbA-trnH
 -
Sassafras
psbA-trnH

     
trnG-
trnSpsbA-trnH  

 Cinnamomum 
Cinnamomum
Cinnamomum -


Aiouea Cinnamomum

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Taxon sampling. —-
CinnamomumAiouea
Ocotea    
SassafrasPersea 


Cinnamomum

Sassafras 

  
Persea
-

 



-

 

Cinnamomum  -



DNA extraction. —


-

PCR amplification and sequencing. —
 



-


 



 
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
trnH





-

trnG-trnSpsbA-trnH


-






 trnG-trnS
 
 

trnG-trnS

 







-



Sequence analysis. —   

 v.4.8 
-
 

  
   
1088 Version of Record
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66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
  
  
  

-
  


-
-
 

Aiouea Cinnamomum   

Laurus nobilisSassafras
tzumu  

  

Phylogenetic analysis. —


       
       



   -
   

trnG-trnS 
Aiouea guianensisMocinnodaphne cinnamomoidea
Tab le . 
   

   
  
   
   
   
   
 R 
 R 
 R 
 R 
 R 
 R 
 R 
trnG-trnS
   
   
   
 R 
 R 
 R 
psbA-trnH
   
  
   
 R 
 R 
 R 
 R 
1089Version of Record
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66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111 Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
Ocotea guianensisO. insularis
psbA-trnHAiouea guianensis
Ocotea guianensis
   psbA-
trnH


-






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 


  


 
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
   

  







 


  








RESU LT S
Sequence characters. —
   
 
    

trnG-trnS 
psbA-trnH
  trnG-trnS 
psbA-trnH


         
 
 
 -


  

trnG-trnSpsbA-trnH 
 

  
trnG-trnS
psbA-trnH data.
Maximum parsimony analysis. —

   
     



 
   
trnG-trnSpsbA-trnH


-





Bayesian analysis. —

 
Machilus grijsiiM. zuihoensis
Persea americanaPhoebe sheareri 







  

 

-
Laurus nobilisLindera benzoin Neolitsea
sericea     
      
Sassafras
109 0 Version of Record
TAX ON
66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
Fig. .             

 
eraCinmCinnamomumLaur.
LaurusLindLinderaMachMachilusNeolNeolitseaPersPerseaPhoePhoebeSassSassafras.
Fig. .           


era Cinnamomum Mocinnodaphne -
AioueaAiouAioueaAnibAnibaCinmCinnamomumDamb.DamburneyaEndlEndlicheria
LicaLicariaMoci.MocinnodaphneNectNectandraOcotOcotea
Cinm. verum Ksn
Cinm. verum R162
Cinm. verum L41050
Cinm. cf. iners 2009G30
Cinm. iners L31089
Cinm. dictyoneuron
Cinm. paiei
Cinm. burmannii Lsn
Cinm. burmannii Jsn
Cinm. chekiangense
Cinm. tamala
Cinm. sp. ADA47
Cinm. loureiroi
Cinm. osmophloeum
Cinm. daphnoides Hsn
Cinm. cf. polderi
Cinm. insularimontanum KCSsn
Cinm. wilsonii
Cinm. pittosporoides
Cinm. bodinieri
Cinm. glanduliferum Nsn
Cinm. camphora Lsn
Cinm. glanduliferum Rsn
Cinm. camphora Rsn
Cinm. cf. camphora G06-1425
Cinm. parthenoxylon R178
Sass. albidum
Sass. tzumu
Laur. nobilis
Neol. sericea
Lind. benzoin
Mach. grijsii
Mach. zuihoensis
Phoe. sheareri
Pers. americana
1
0.87
0.99
0.91
1
1
1
1
1
0.68
to Aiouea and
Ocotea complex (Fig. 3)
Persea grp.
Cinnamomum s.str.
1
1
Cinm. burmannii LR2010-10
1
1
1
1
1
Laureae
sect. Camphora
BG Bochum [Asia]
BG Bayreuth [Asia]
BG Regensburg [Asia]
BG Hamburg [Asia]
Malaysia, Borneo
Malaysia, Borneo
BG Berlin [Asia]
China, cultivated
BG Frankfurt [Asia]
BG Bayreuth [Asia]
Thailand
BG Cibodas [Asia]
BG Berlin [Asia]
BG Berlin [Asia]
BG Halle [Asia]
Indonesia, Sulawesi
Korea
BG Kunming [Asia]
China, Yunnan
BG Kunming [Asia]
BG Rostock [Asia]
BG Hamburg [Asia]
BG Berlin [Asia]
BG Hamburg [Asia]
BG Munich [Asia]
BG Bayreuth [Asia]
Malaysia, Borneo
BG Hamburg [N America]
BG Bonn [Asia]
BG Hamburg [Mediterranean]
BG Hamburg [Asia]
BG Hamburg [N America]
BG Hamburg [China]
BG Hamburg [China]
BG Hamburg [China]
BG Hamburg [C America]
0.89
97
61
61
0.77
0.53
100
63
72
97
81
Sass.
1
+
Cinm. insularimontanum Rsn BG Hamburg [Asia]
Cinm. daphnoides Lsn BG Berlin [Asia]
0.98
0.58
1
X
94
0.62
0.95
0.68
1
53
100
99
73
79
94
74
83
97
100
0.88
100
+
+
0.92
73
82
64
95
74
70
100
100
X
97
97
55
82
100
100
77
53
71
66
82
95
67
100
68
86
58
+
+
95
1091Version of Record
TAX ON
66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111 Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
to Cinnamomum s.str.
and outgroups (Fig. 2)
Aiou. acarodomatifera
Aiou. amoena (Cinm. amoenum)
Aiou. (Cinm.) pseudoglaziovii M1238
Aiou. hirsuta (Cinm. hirsutum)
Aiou. sp. M3231
Aiou. (Cinm.) sp. M3167
Aiou. (Cinm.) haussknechtii K83-35
Aiou. (Cinm.) sp. Msn
Aiou. cf. tomentosa (Cinm. cf. tomentulosum)
Aiou. (Cinm.) glaziovii
Aiou. saligna
Aiou. sp. M3236
Aiou. sp. M3196
Aiou. trinervis
Aiou. dubia
Aiou. formicaria (Cinm. formicarium)
Aiou. (Cinm.) alainii
Aiou. chavarriana (Cinm. chavarrianum)
Aiou. hammeliana (Cinm. hammelianum)
Aiou. (Cinm.) palaciosii
Aiou. montana (Cinm. montanum)
Aiou. maya (Cinm. trinerve)
Anib. firmula
Ocot. aciphylla
Ocot. ciliata
Ocot. elegans
Ocot. indecora
Ocot. odorifera
Ocot. porosa
Lica. bahiana
Endl. aff. szyszylowiczii
Endl. pyriformis
Ocot. pulchella
Nect. psammophila
Ocot. porphyria
Endl. glomerata M3497
Ocot. sp. M6213
Ocot. salvadorensis
Ocot. foetens
Ocot. malcomberi
Ocot. cf. gabonensis
1
0.64
0.99
0.95
1
0.92
0.97
1
0.56
1
1
0.67
0.79
1
0.62
1
1
1
0.95
1
Aiou. sellowiana (Cinm. sellowianum)
92
80
50
89
66
76
71
70
100
96
98
0.94
0.80
1
Lica. crassifolia
Ocot. quixos
81
1
0.87
Aiou.
guianensis
Aiou. grandifolia
Aiou. (Moci.) cinnamomoidea
Aiou. guatemalensis
Aiou. costaricensis J4116
Ocot. atirrensis
Ocot. pedalifolia
Ocot. insularis
Ocot. tenera
Aiou. myristicoides
1
0.59
0.95
1
0.90
0.57
0.98
0.97
1
Aiou. vexatrix
Ocot. floccifera
1
1
1
0.93
Damb. coriacea
1
0.57
Aiou. costaricensis G8241
Endl. glomerata M3187
Aiou. (Cinm.) pseudoglaziovii M3344
Aiou. (Cinm.) haussknechtii M02P
Aiou. (Cinm.) haussknechtii M3140
78
100
87
93
86
87
77
84
59
98
67
54
1
84
88
50
91
88
86
53
100
94
73
92
75
84
+
+
98
88
95
82
78
71
99
96
69
75
68
98
73
62
54
92
+
Ocot.
guianensis
Ocotea complex
Aiouea incl. Neotropical Cinnamomum
Ecuador
Ecuador
Hispaniola
Costa Rica
Costa Rica
SE Brazil [Neotropics]
Ecuador
Guatemala
Guyana
Guyana
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
Bolivia
Bolivia
El Salvador
Tenerife
Madagascar
Gabon
SE Brazil
Guatemala
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
Guayana
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
Guyana
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
Ecuador
Brazil, Pará
Mexico
Peru
Costa Rica
Panama
Costa Rica
Panama
Ecuador
Costa Rica
Florida / Cuba
Costa Rica
Costa Rica
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
SE Brazil
Guyana
1
55
53
+
92
+
+
+
+
X
97
52
+
+
+
+
1092 Version of Record
TAX ON
66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
      
  Cinnamomum
CinnamomumCinnamomum 

Cinnamomum
Camphora
 

Ocotea O. foetens 
     O  gabonensis
O. malcomberi

CinnamomumCamphora
Cinnamomum


   
Cinnamomum

Ocotea  Aniba
DamburneyaEndlicheriaLicaria
NectandraOcotea
Aiouea


AioueaA. guia-
nensisMocinnodaphne 
Cinnamomum. 
Aiouea
Ocotea


Aiouea
Cinnamomum
Ocotea
  Aiouea
   Aiouea 
 Cinnamomum -
Aiouea grandifolia
 Cinnamomum alai-
nii
         -



Cinnamomum montanum-
 -
    
Mocinnodaphne cinnamomoidea 
Cinnamomum
Cinnamomum


C. formicarium
A. dubia
-
 
Fig. .
      -
       
      


CinmCinnamomumLaurLaurusLindLinderaMachMachilusNeol.
NeolitseaPersPerseaPhoePhoebeSassSassafras. Ca.
CinnamomumCamphora
Mach. grijsii
Mach. zuihoensis
Phoe. sheareri
Pers. americana
1
0.98
to Aiouea and Ocotea complex (Fig. 5)
Persea group
0.99
100
65
Cinm. bodinieri
Cinm. glanduliferum Nsn
Cinm. glanduliferum Rsn
Sass. albidum
Sass. tzumu
1
1
Camphora
Sass.
93
95
1
76
Cinm. verum Ksn
Cinm. verum R162
Cinm. verum L41050
Cinm. cf. iners 2009G30
Cinm. iners L31089
Cinm. dictyoneuron
Cinm. paiei
Cinm. burmannii Lsn
Cinm. burmannii Jsn
Cinm. chekiangense
Cinm. tamala
Cinm. sp. ADA47
Cinm. loureiroi
Cinm. osmophloeum
Cinm. daphnoides Hsn
Cinm. cf. polderi
Cinm. insularimontanum KCSsn
Cinm. wilsonii
Cinm. pittosporoides
Cinm. camphora Lsn
Cinm. camphora Rsn
Cinm. cf. camphora G06-1425
Cinm. parthenoxylon R178
Laur. nobilis
Neol. sericea
Lind. benzoin
0.99
1
1
0.99
Cinnamomum s.str.
1
Cinm. burmannii R2010-10
1
Laureae
0.99
89
57
1
Cinm. insularimontanum Rsn
Cinm. daphnoides Lsn
1
0.91
63
0.83
1
61
75
90
59
60
90
1
77
Camphora Cinm. s.str.Cinnamomum s.str.
0.86
0.55
53
59
98
51
74
89
63
85
51
70
89
59
75
99
75
89
+
+
94
91
66
100
55
Ca
II
I
1093Version of Record
TAX ON
66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111 Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
    Cinnamomum
amoenum   
   C. hirsutum
C.pseudoglaziovii  

  
-
 -


Cinnamomum

Aiouea Aiouea guianen-
sis A. myristicoides

 


   -
Cinnamomum
bodinieriC. glanduliferum
Sassafras
   -
 -
 

  
CinnamomumC. bodi-
nieriC. glanduliferumOcotea
  Aiouea

Cinnamomum
CinnamomumCamphora (C. camphora 
 C. parthenoxylon
Cinnamomum
parthenoxylon  
C. dictyoneuronC. paiei

 C. iners 
C. verum
Cinnamomum camphora  
-
C. pittosporoides
Fig. .
-
         
        
       

      
-
  Cinnamomum    Aiouea  
  Aiou  Aiouea Anib  Aniba
CinmCinnamomumDamb.DamburneyaEndl
EndlicheriaLicaLicariaMoci.Mocinnodaphne
NectNectandraOcot Ocotea

Anib. firmula
Ocot. aciphylla
Ocot. ciliata
Ocot. elegans
Ocot. indecora
Ocot. odorifera
Ocot. porosa
Lica. bahiana
Endl. glomerata M3187
Endl. aff. szyszylowiczii
Endl. pyriformis
Ocot. pulchella
Nect. psammophila
Ocot. porphyria
Endl. glomerata M3497
Ocot. sp. M6213
Ocot. salvadorensis
Ocot. foetens
Ocot. malcomberi
Ocot. cf. gabonensis
0.60
1
0.93
to Cinnamomum s.str. and outgroups (Fig. 4)
67
57
65
62
0.98
0.97
0.54
1
Licaria crassifolia
Ocot. quixos
+
78
56
62
1
56
Aiou.” guatemalensis
Ocot. tenera
Damb. coriacea
Aiou. acarodomatifera
Aiou. amoena (Cinm. amoenum)
Aiou. (Cinm.) pseudoglaziovii M1238
Aiou. hirsuta (Cinm. hirsutum)
Aiou. (Cinm.) pseudoglaziovii M3344
Aiou. sp. M3231
Aiou. (Cinm.) sp. M3167
Aiou. (Cinm.) haussknechtii K83-35
Aiou. (Cinm.) haussknechtii M02P
Aiou. (Cinm.) haussknechtii M3140
Aiou. (Cinm.) sp. Msn
Aiou. cf. tomentosa (Cinm. cf. tomentulosum)
Aiou. (Cinm.) glaziovii
Aiou. saligna
Aiou. sp. M3236
Aiou. sp. M3196
Aiou. trinervis
Aiou. dubia
Aiou. formicaria (Cinm. formicarium)
Aiou. (Cinm.) alainii
Aiou. chavarriana (Cinm. chavarrianum)
Aiou. hammeliana (Cinm. hammelianum)
Aiou. (Cinm.) palaciosii
Aiou. montana (Cinm. montanum)
Aiou. maya (Cinm. trinerve)
1
0.92
1
0.65
0.99
1
0.91
0.52
0.91
Ocotea complex
Aiouea incl. Neotropical Cinnamomum
93
Aiou. sellowiana (Cinm. sellowianum)
84
60
Aiou. grandifolia
Aiou.” costaricensis J4116
Ocot. atirrensis
Ocot. pedalifolia
Aiou. myristicoides
Aiou.” vexatrix
Ocot. floccifera
Aiou.” costaricensis G8241
0.99
0.90
0.98
1
1
+
100
67
58
95
75
58
75
+
75
99
85
60
51
76
+
58
+
III
IV
1094 Version of Record
TAX ON
66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
Cinnamomum

Camphora
  

Ocotea Aiouea
   





psbA-trnH Aiouea
guianensisOcotea guianensis-

AioueaOcotea


         
psbA-trnH trnG-trnS Cinnamomum
Camphora   

Persea
CinnamomumCinnamomumSassafrasOcotea-
AioueaCinnamomum
  
Sassafras
  Cinnamomum Cinnamomum
 -
    
Lindera benzoinLaurus nobilis
CinnamomumCinnamomum
C. chekiangense
C. burmannii 
C. tamala
Cinnamomum
Ocotea
  


 Ocotea pulchella 
O. salva-
dorensis 
Aiouea guatemalensis
Damburneya coriacea      
Aiouea
Aiouea myristicoides
A. saligna A. trinervis-
AioueaCinnamomum amoenumC. hirsu-
tumC.pseudoglaziovii ”.
Maximum likelihood analysis. —



-
  

EndlicheriaCinnamomum-



DISCUSSION
Molecular phylogeny. — 
-

Cinnamomum
Cinnamomum-
  
Camphora Cinnamomum-
 

-


Cinnamomum
Aiouea-
A. guianensis
Fig. .-
       
  0.95. Cinm 
Cinnamomum.
Persea group
Laureae
Cinm. sect. Cinnamomum
Sassafras
Cinm. sect. Camphora
incl. sect.
Camphora p.p.
Aiouea clade incl.
Neotropical Cinnamomum
Ocotea complex
Cinm. sect.
Camphora p.p.
Laureae
Sassafras
1095Version of Record
TAX ON
66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111 Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
    
Aiouea
CinnamomumOcotea


   
CinnamomumCamphora


  OcoteaAiouea
  

Sassafras
Aiouea (A. costaricen-
sisA. guatemalensis
A. vexatrix
OcoteaA. costaricensis-

-
Aiouea

   

A. costaricensis
    Ocotea in-
sularis (O. tonduzii

A. costaricensis  -
O. insularis
A. costari-
censisO. insularis
 
   O. insularis
(O. atirrensisO. f loccifera
O. pedalifolia-
A. costaricensisO. insularisA. vexatrix

A. vexatrix 
Aiouea-
Ocotea
O. atirrensisO. pedalifolia  
-
AioueaOcotea
A. guatemalensis
related to A. costaricensis
O. insularis
Damburneya coriacea


DamburneyaDamburneya-
  

D. patens 
D. purpurea
Cinnamomum


Cinnamomum 
 Cinnamomum Cinnamomum
Cinnamomum Camphora 
Camphora
Cinnamomum
Cinnamomum
camphoraC. parthenoxylon
Camphora


  
AioueaMocinnodaphne-

Cinnamomum
Ocotea   O. ikon-
yokpe  
Cinnamomum

Cinnamomum 

 CinnamomumCinnamomum


Cinnamomum  Camphora
  -
  

 Camphora.
 
Camphora-
AioueaCinnamomum
Ocotea


 Cinnamomum Camphora
-
  
Camphora (C. longipetiolatum
C. saxatile-
Cinnamomum

C. bodinieri
C. glanduliferumCamphora 

 
Sassafras
     
    -





-
-


1096 Version of Record
TAX ON
66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
Sassafras
    
  
Sassafras-

Sassafras
albidum -
 
  





Sassafras ran-
daiense

Ocotea:
Endlicheria
Sassafras
Sassafras


-


CinnamomumAiouea
A. guianensis
Mocinnodaphne -
Aiouea -

Cinnamomum    

 Aiouea-

Mocinnodaphne
 
Mocinnodaphne
Cinnamomum
CinnamomumAiouea).
A. grandifolia
C. alainii
 Aiouea

Aiouea
Aiouea Cinnamomum


Aiouea-
Aiouea   

Cinnamomum-
Phoebe

PhoebeHeteranthera
    
 Cinnamomum
Persea


Cinnamomum gracili-
florum
Scortechini 1228


   -
   -
 Ocotea insularis  Aiouea lundelliana
Aiouea
Ocotea insularis

CinnamomumAiouea-
  
Cinnamomum
Aiouea here. Aiouea   
A. guianensis
    Cinnamomum     
C. verum

Cinnamomum (or to Phoebe

Cinnamomum
Aiouea
   Ocotea
  
 

Cinnamomum
  Aiouea

A. inconspicua
A. obscuraA. parvissima
A. talamancensis
Aiouea
 
A. lehmannii
  
Prance 3009
      
Damburneya purpurea
Lehmann 4989
    
   
A. inconspicua
A. guatemalensis
 -

Damburneya
A. incon-
spicua-
A. guatemalensis
 Damburneya   
that A. inconspicua
Damburneya. Aiouea obscura
1097Version of Record
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66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111 Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
-


Ocotea tenera
Phoebe glabra

Ocotea vanderwerffii-
Ocotea tenera

A. obscura

 
A. parvissima


DamburneyaA. inconspicua

trnG-trnS
Damburneya
Aiouea talamancensis
Ocotea
whitei
Ocotea
Ocotea whiteiO. insularis
  -

Biogeographic history. —-
 
Cinnamomum
    -
  -

  
     
-
   

 


Cinnamomum
Sassafras  





  Camphora
Cinnamomum


 Camphora 

Camphora



Taxonomic consequences. —   
 
-
Cinnamomum
Aiouea

CinnamomumCinnamomum 
Aiouea   


Cinnamomum
     Aiouea
          
       
CinnamomumAiouea. Mocinnodaphne
Aiouea


Aiouea A. guianensisA. laevis  
A. maguireanaA. salignaA. tri-
nervisA. benthamiana
A. myristicoides
MocinnodaphneAiouea
Aiouea guatemalensis A. incon-
spicuaDamburneya

A. costaricensisA. vexatrix to
Ocotea. Ocotea

Aiouea
OcoteaO. guianensis.
   
Cinnamomum
Mocinnodaphne Aiouea
nomina nova
Aiouea-

Cinnamomum
Aiouea

 

Aiouea
Aiouea guianensis 
1775.
   

        
-
-
-
 

-
  

1098 Version of Record
TAX ON
66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
1. Aiouea alainiicomb. nov.Phoebe
alainii
Cinnamomum alainii


 Liogier 11993 
   


2. Aiouea amoenacomb. nov.
Oreodaphne amoena
 Phoebe amoena
Ocotea amoena
 
Cinnamomum amoenum


Sellow 3174
   

Oreodaphne vesiculosa
Phoebe vesiculosa
 Cinnamomum
vesiculosum

     Sellow s.n.  


 -

   Oreodaphne amoena: Sellow
385 S ellow d1459
 
Sellow s.n.      
 
 


Oreodaphne vesiculosa: Sellow 4597

3. Aiouea amplexicauliscomb.
nov.  Persea amplexicaulis
 Phoebe amplexicaulis     

 Cinnamomum amplexicaule 

       -
Schiede 87
    

Schiede 452
00000514!).
4. Aiouea ampullacea  sp. nov.  
      
 González & al.
1910

-


  
 
   -


5. Aiouea areolata comb. nov. Phoebe
areolata 
Cinnamomum areolatum 
 
 Matuda 4296 


 

-
code 00355878!).
6. Aiouea bractefoliacea comb. nov.
Cinnamomum bractefoliaceum


 Servín 141 


7. Aiouea breedlovei   comb. nov. 
Phoebe breedlovei  
(“Breedlovei  Cinnamomum breedlovei 
       


 Shilom Ton 2812  
     
  
00355882!).
8. Aiouea brenesii com b. nov. Phoebe
brenesii        
Cinnamomum brenesii 
 
          
Brenes 17048
   
00026411!).

Ocotea
Ocotea sericea  
 Ocotea
O. leucoxylon

1099Version of Record
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66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111 Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
9. Aiouea chavarriana  comb. nov. 
Phoebe chavarriana
Cinnamomum chavarrianum
 

Hammel 11931



10. Aiouea chiapensis   comb. nov. 
Phoebe chiapensis  
Cinnamomum chiapense

Matuda 2064
 




11. Aiouea cinnamomoidea
  comb. n ov.  Mocinnodaphne cinnamomoidea


 Lorea Hernández
& Lozada 5534
  

MocinnodaphneAiouea

Aiouea

  
A. guianensisA. laevisA. maguireanaA. saligna
A. trinervis
A. benthamianaA. myristicoides

 Mocinnodaphne
Cinnamomum

12. Aiouea effusacomb. nov.
Phoebe effusa
Persea effusa
Cinnamomum effusum
Lectotype (designated here):
Linden
78

  
Galeotti 70 09-
 Lin d en 19  
     
Botteri 1039
Phoebe effusa var. parvifolia
15(1): 33. 1864 – Lectotype (designated here):
 Bott eri 1044
 

Phoebe barbeyana
Cinnamomum barbeyanum
Lectotype (designated here):
      Bourgeau
2436-

   

Phoebe effusa
   Lind e n 13   
Linden 14
   Phoebe effusa va r. parvifolia:
      Botteri 1039 
 


Phoebe barbeyana   





    Phoebe effusa  
areolataLinden
19

Nectandra salicifolia
 Damburneya
Nectandra coriacea

13. Aiouea eleganscomb. nov. 
Phoebe elegans
Cinnamomum concinnum 


Ishiki 1501-
 

 Cinnamomum concinnum
elegans
CinnamomumC. elegans
14.
Aiouea erythropuscomb. nov. 
Persea erythropus
Phoebe erythropus
 Cinnamomum erythro-
pus 
 

Martius Obs. 883

     

110 0 Version of Record
TAX ON
66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
Phoebe oleifolia
Cinnamomum oleifolium 
Lectotype (designated here):

 Glaziou 18434-
  
 
 -




    Persea erythropus 
    Martius s.n.
Sellow 1360-

Sellow s.n.
anonymous s.n.

Sellow
136 0Roupala adiantifolia
Phoebe oleifolia

 





 


15. Aiouea floccosacomb. nov.
Cinnamomum floccosum

 
  
Díaz, Sembrera & Adrianzen 10087


16. Aiouea formicaria
comb. nov. Cinnamomum formicarium  


Van der Werff, B. Gray
& Tipas 12498



17. Aiouea glazioviicomb. nov. Phoebe
glaziovii
Cinnamomum glaziovii
Lectotype (designated here):

Glaziou 15368 -

      
      


Phoebe glaziovii  -
 Binot 22

Glaziou 6668
      



Glaziou 8097
-

 






18. Aiouea glossophyllacomb. nov.
Cinnamomum glossophyllum


 Flores 2198-
 

19. Aiouea grisebachiicomb. nov. 
Phoebe triplinervis
Phoebe grisebachiana 
Cinnamomum grisebachii

   
Wright 1400
      


  

 Phoebe tri-
plinervis-
      
  Laurus
triplinervis 


Phoebe grisebachiana cre-
 
Aiouea
Laurus montana 
Code
1101Version of Record
TAX ON
66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111 Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
Aiouea triplinervis-


Cinnamomum triplinerve 
nomen novum

 Phoebe triplinervis
Phoebe antillana var. cubensis-
Aiouea montana).
20. Aiouea hammelianacomb. nov.
 Phoebe hammeliana     
Cinnamomum hammelianum
 


L e nt 1678
   
-
code 00355890!).
21. Aiouea hartmaniicomb. nov. 
Persea hartmanii
Cinnamomum hartmanii
hartmannii
 Hartman 1029
      
-

22. Aiouea hatschbachiicomb. nov.
Cinnamomum hatschbachii
  
          
Hatschbach 6682

barcode 00051082!).
23. Aiouea haussknechtiicomb. nov. Phoebe
haussknechtii
Cinnamomum haussknechtii
  
-
   Sellow 1082

24. Aiouea heterantheracomb. nov.
Laurus heteranthera 
     Phoebe ruiziana
184 8 (“RuizianaPhoebe heteranthera
 
Cinnamomum heterantherum
Lectotype (designated here):
Ruiz &
Pavón s.n.-



       
      



-

 
 
   

Code
Laurus heteranthera


Laurus heteranthera

Ocotea
minarum

25. Aiouea hirsutasp. nov.
   Braga 36


     -
-



-

26. Aiouea kruseanacomb.
nov. Cinnamomum kruseanum

 
Kruse 620 

 

27. Aiouea lanigeracomb. nov.
Cinnamomum lanigerum 


  Palacios 12721 


28. Aiouea leptophylla c omb. nov.
Cinnamomum leptophyllum


Ventura 12740
 
1102 Version of Record
TAX ON
66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
29. Aiouea longipes   comb. nov. 
Phoebe longipes
  Cinnamomum longipes  


Pringle 8829




      

 

Poilan e 3523
Cinnamomum
longipes

30. Aiouea maya nom. nov.Phoebe trinervis
Cinnamomum tri-
nerve

Lundell 17591
 


Aiouea trinervis

31. Aiouea montana comb. nov.Laurus
montanaPhoebe montana  
   
Cinnamomum montanum
 


      
Swartz s.n.



Laurus triplinervis
Phoebe peruviana
Cinnamomum triplinerve
Cinnamomum
peruvianum  
 

  Ruiz & Pavón s.n.
or Ruiz s.n. or Pavn s.n. or Dombey s.n.
Laurus pur-
purea 
      



    

    
-
Phoebe cinnamomifolia
Persea cinnamomifolia
Phoebe
cinnamomifolia
Phoebe granatensis
Cinnamomum cinnamomifolium



   Bonpland 1801  
 

Phoebe elongata
Cinnamomum elongatum
    Cinnamomum elongatum

Cinnamomum elongatum 
 5(10): 275 –311. 1949
Cinnamomum phoebe

 
 Poeppig 1311     Phoebe poeppigii


herb. Vahl s.n.
Phoebe maynensisPhoebe
peruviana var. glabriflora
Cinnamomum maynense
Lectotype (designated here):

Poe ppig 2305


-

Phoebe cubensisPhoebe an-
tillana var. cubensis
Cinnamomum cubense
cubensis -

Poeppig
s.n.
     
     


Oreodaphne alba

Sagra 269 
00074398!).
Phoebe valenzuelana

Val enzue laSagra s.n.
1103Version of Record
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66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111 Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
Phoebe mexicana 
 Persea mexicana 
 Cinnamomum mexicanum
Lectotype
(designated here):
 Galeotti 7026 
     

Phoebe poeppigii
Lectotype (designated here):
P o e p p i g 1311 
 
      -
 
     

Phoebe brasiliensis
    Cinnamomum brasiliense 
  brasiliensis”) –
Lectotype (designated here):

Glaziou 13153 
-


Phoebe mexicana var. bourgeauana
Lectotype (designated
here):
Bourgeau 2302

Phoebe heterotepala
    Cinnamomum heterotepalum 
Lectotype (des-
ignated here):
Weberbauer 3487
        

Phoebe paraguariensis
Cinnamomum paraguar-
iensepara
-
guariensis”) – Lectotype (designated here):     

Hassler 11305
-




Ocotea flavescens

 Smith 1762-

 

   -






 
00099213! & 01095200!).
Phoebe pichisensis 
   Cinnamomum pichisense 
     pichisensis”) –
 
 Killip & Smith 25430 

Phoebe johnstonii
Cinnamomum johnstonii
 
    Johnston 697

 

Cinnamomum australe 

Reitz & Klein 3690
 
       
     

Cinnamomum chana     
    
 J.M.
Vasconcellos 124


Cinnamomum xinguense 
 
A. Ducke s.n.

Phoebe filamentosa
 

 Steyermark 56740
 

Cinnamomum portosecurianum   


Duarte 8044 




-
code 01049632!).
Phoebe pickelii 
Cinnamomum pickelii
10: 448. 1988 – Lectotype (designated here):

B. Pickel s.n.Pickel 4442
110 4 Version of Record
TAX ON
66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
-


Phoebe fruticosa 
Cinnamomum fruticosum

            
Breedlove 10671



Persea cinnamomifolia-

o
   




 


le



Laurus elon-
gata
Aiouea montana-
Damburneya patens
 

 
Phoebe elongata   
Phoebe
elongataPoe p p ig 1311
Phoebe poeppigii-

Phoebe mexicanaLinden 20 




Phoebe poeppigii 
 

       
 -

Phoebe mexicana var. bourgeauviana
 -

 

Phoebe brasiliensis
Glaziou 11459
  
  Glaziou 12132
-
      -


Phoebe heterote-
palaWeberbauer 3496-

Phoebe pickelii-
B. Pickel 4442
Pickel 4422

4444
4442
 
Phoebe bentoi

 





4444

4422.
32. Aiouea napoensiscomb. nov. 
Cinnamomum napoense


Palacios 2886
       
 
 
    

33. Aiouea neurophyllacomb. nov. 
Phoebe neurophylla
Cinnamomum neurophyllum


 Pittier in herb. inst. phys.-geogr. Costar. 12054
-
 
00099184!).
34. Aiouea pachypodacomb. nov. Persea
pachypodaPhoebe pachy-
poda 
Cinnamomum pachypodum
Lectotype (designated here):

 Ehrenberg 942

Oreodaphne benthamiana
Phoebe hartwegii 
1105Version of Record
TAX ON
66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111 Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
 Persea hartwegii 
        
Phoebe benthamiana 
 
Hartweg 84


  




Phoebe ehrenbergii
Cinnamomum ehrenbergii

Ehrenberg 712

Phoebe arsenei       
Cinnamomum arsenei

Arsène 2448

   
-


Ehrenberg 942

Persea pachypoda
 
-
Ehrenberg
712Phoebe ehrenbergii 
35. Aiouea padiformiscomb.
nov. Phoebe padiformis   
Cinnamomum
padiforme

A.F. Skutch 1367
   -


36. Aiouea palaciosiicomb. nov. 
Cinnamomum palaciosii

     
 Van der Werff
& Palacios 10575


    


 

37. Aiouea paratriplinervissp. nov. 

 Bello 589-

 
-


    -
    

-

38. Aiouea pittierinom. nov. Phoebe costaricana

Cinnamomum costaricanum
Lectotype (designated here):
Pittier in herb.
inst. phys.-geogr. Costar. 11107
  -
 


a nomen novum
 Aiouea costaricensis
Phoebe costaricen-
sis
-


   
 

 
-
 

 

Aiouea pittieriAiouea montana-


C. costaricanumC. neurophyllum are
C. grisebachianum
  C. costaricanum 


Phoebe mexicana
  Phoebe cinnamomifolia
   
Phoebe costaricana
Ph. cinnamomifolia-
Ph. neurophylla.-
Phoebe costaricana
Phoebe cinnamomifolia.
1106 Version of Record
TAX ON
66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
39. Aiouea pseudoglazioviisp. no v.
      
  Klein 3627
 



-
   -


-

 
 

40. Aiouea rubrinerviasp. nov.  

 Duarte & Pereira 9295 
 
 
00571112!).

-

-
 
-



41. Aiouea salicifoliacomb. nov. Phoebe
salicifoliaPersea salici-
folia
Persea salicifolia
Cinnamomum salicifolium
 Lectotype (des-
ignated here):     
Ehrenberg 875





42. Aiouea sellowianacomb. nov.
Persea sellowiana
Phoebe sellowii
Cinnamomum sellowianum
  

Sellow 4783
    
      

 
-


43. Aiouea stenophyllacomb. nov. Persea
stenophylla
Phoebe stenophylla
 Cinnamomum stenophyllum
         

 Riedel 1587
  



44. Aiouea subsessiliscomb. nov. Persea
subsessilis
Phoebe subsessilis 
      Cinnamomum subsessile

Mathews
1434

45. Aiouea taubertianacomb.
nov. Phoebe taubertiana
Cinnamomum taubertianum

Lectotype (designated here):
Ule 3044 = 54

-

Sena in herb. Schwacke 10761
 
  





46. Aiouea tetragona   comb. nov. 
Oreodaphne tetragona
Phoebe
tetragona 
Cinnamomum quadrangulum

Warmi ng 693

47. Aiouea tomentosacomb. nov. Phoebe
tomentosa
Cinnamomum tomentosum

1107Version of Record
TAX ON
66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111 Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
Cinnamomum tomentosum    
   Cinnamomum tomentulosum

    Riedel
522  

barcode 00099192!).
Phoebe tomentosa var. minor  
-
 Riedel 522 dup-
lius  
00355915!).
Persea erythropus var. ovata
Persea erythropus var. triplinervia
Lectotype
(designated here):
 Riedel 2462
 


Cinnamomum duarteanum   

   
Duarte 3028

01131928!).
Persea erythropus
var. ovataLangsdorff s.n.    

48. Aiouea tonduziicomb. nov.Phoebe
tonduzii  
Cinnamomum tonduzii

 Tonduz 11735
 
-
      -
 
  


49. Aiouea uninerviasp. nov.

 Furlan &
al. 3230

 
-
   
 


50. Aiouea velveti   comb. nov. 
Cinnamomum velveti


       Rodríguez 59

51. Aiouea zapatae  comb. nov. 
Cinnamomum zapatae
 


 Lor ea 4172 
 
  
Species excluded from Aiouea
Aiouea costaricensis
Ocotea insularis

Aiouea guatemalensis
Damburneya
Aiouea inconspicua
Damburneya
Aiouea lundelliana
Ocotea insularis
Aiouea obscura
Ocotea
Aiouea lehmannii
Ocotea
Aiouea parvissima  
Damburneya
Aiouea talamancensis
Ocotea O. insularis

Aiouea vexatrix  
Ocotea insularis

NOTE ADDED IN PROOF
          
 Cin-
namomumC. baitelloanum 
C. bladenense

Mor a e s 3167 
Aiouea
Aiouea here:
Aiouea baitelloana
comb. nov.Cinnamomum bai-
tel loanum
       

D.A Folli
5188 
1108 Version of Record
TAX ON
66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
Alvarez López, E. Laurus
 Anales
Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 13: 71–78.

C. bladenense

Aiouea montana


Brewer, S.W. & Stott, G.L. Cinnamomum
(   
Phytokeys
Moraes, P.L.R. de, Vergne, M.C. & Van der Werff, H. 

Phytotaxa 316(2): 149 –16 0.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
   
  
      

-



 

   

 

        
        

-



-



Phoebe pickelii.





    


LITERATURE CITED
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Cinnamomum-
rpoBrbcL matK 
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
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66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
Appendix 1. 
Cinnamomum   Aiouea       Aioue aCinnamomum.
Aiouea  Aiouea 


trnG-trnSpsbA-trnH
Aiouea acarodomatifera   Moraes s.n.   Aioue a alainii 
Cinnamomum alainii Ek m a n H. 1150 6 
Aiouea amoena Cinnamomum amoenumRiba s 1072
Aiouea chavarriana  Cinnamomum chavarrianum
  Gomez-Laurito s.n.Aiouea cinnamomoidea  
Mocinnodaphne cinnamomoideaLorea-Hernández 5536Aiouea costaricensis
Grayum 8241Aiouea costaricensis
Jimén ez 4116Aiouea dubia Jorgensen 19 
Aiouea formicaria Cinnamomum formicarium  
Van der Werff 12498Aiouea glaziovii Cinnamomum glaziovii
Mora es 3229 Aiouea grandifolia
Valenz uel a 92 97Aiouea guatemalensis
Con t rer a s 10251 Aiouea guianensis    Taylor 12080
12085      Ocotea schomburgkiana  Aiouea hammeliana
Cinnamomum hammelianum Hammel
140 91    Aiouea  haussknechtii Cinnamomum  haussknechtii      
Kubitzki 83-35Aiouea haussknechtii Cinnamomum haussknechtii
 Morae s 02P      Aiouea haussknechtii Cinnamomum
haussknechtii          Mora e s 3140         Aiouea hirsuta 
Cinnamomum hirsutumBai te ll o 2555 Aiouea maya 
Cinnamomum trinerveLundell 19564    Aiouea
montana Cinnamomum montanum Mora es 3538     
Aiouea myristicoidesS ilva 1241 Aiouea palaciosii 
Cinnamomum palaciosii       Van der Werff 12177  Aiouea pseudoglaziovii
Cinnamomum pseudoglazioviiMo ra es 1238
Aiouea pseudoglaziovii  Cinnamomum pseudoglazioviiMoraes 3344 
Aiouea salignaMo rae s 3165Aiouea sellowiana
Cinnamomum sellowianum  R iba s 1811   
Aiouea sp. Cinnamomum sp. Moraes s.n.Aiouea sp. 
Cinnamomum sp.Mora es 3167 Aiouea sp.
Mo ra e s 319 6 Aiouea sp.  M ora es 3231 
Aiouea sp.Morae s 3236 Aioueatomentosa 
Cinnamomumtomentulosum      Morae s 2896  Aiouea trinervis
  Mor aes 3079    Aiouea vexatrix Croat
12153 Aniba firmulaMo raes 3356 
 Cinnamomum bodinieri Li & Rohwer 2010- 04
 Cinnamomum burmannii Jakobi s.n.
 Cinnamomum burmannii    Leuenberger s.n.
Cinnamomum burmanniiLi & Rohwer 2010-10 
CinnamomumcamphoraGe rla ch 06 /1425 Cinnamomum
camphora Leuenberger s.n.Cinnamomum camphora 
Rohwer s.n.Cinnamomum chekiangense
Lauerer WB462Cinnamomum daphnoides
Hoffmann s.n .Cinnamomum daphnoides
Leuenberger s.n.   Cinnamomum dictyoneuronLugas 885
Cinnamomum glanduliferum Nauenburg s.n.
Cinnamomum glanduliferum      Rohwer s.n. 
 Cinnamomum iners   Lauerer 31089  
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
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
PCR protocols: A guide to methods and
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   
1111Version of Record
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66 (5) • October 2017: 108 51111 Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae)
CinnamomuminersRohwer s.n.   
 Cinnamomum insularimontanum    Kim Chang Suk s.n .  
Cinnamomum insularimontanumRohwer s.n.
Cinnamomum loureiroiLeuenberger s.n.  Cinnamomum osmophloeum
Dürbye s.n. Cinnamomum paiei
Christensen 1237 Cinnamomum parthenoxylonRohwer
178     Cinnamomum pittosporoides      Li & Rohwe r 2010-11   
Cinnamomumpolderi       Br am bac h 1574       
Cinnamomum sp.A rifi an i DA47 Cinnamomum tamala
Hansen 12882    Cinnamomum verum
Kirchner s.n.Cinnamomum verum 
 Lauerer 41050Cinnamomum verum Rohwer 162
Cinnamomum wilsoniiLi & Rohwer 2010-06
Damburneya coriaceaHellwig s.n. 
Endlicheria glomerataMo rae s 3187   Endlicheria glomerata
 Moraes 3497   Endlicheria pyriformis  
H.D.Clarke 8070 Endlicheria  szyszylowiczii  
H.D.Clark e 8397 Laurus nobilis
Chanderbali 327Laurus nobilisRohwer s.n. 
Licaria bahianaMor aes 3166  Licaria crassifolia  
 H.D. Clarke 8248Lindera benzoin
Rohwer s.n.Machilus grijsii
Rohwer s.n.Machilus zuihoensisRohwer s.n.
Nectandra psammophilaMora es 3540   
Neolitsea sericeaRohwer s.n.Ocote a
aciphyllaMor aes 3210Ocotea atirrensis
Jiménez 1014Ocotea ciliata
M ora e s 3171  Ocotea elegansMoraes s.n. 
  Ocotea floccifera   Palacios 4370
Ocotea foetensRohwer 5   Ocotea gabonensis
Walters 654Ocotea guianensisChanderbali
232Ocotea indecora
 M oraes 3548Ocotea insularis Rojas 3682 
Ocotea malcomberi Van der Werf f 12576
Ocotea odoriferaMoraes s.n .Ocotea pedalifolia
 D w yer 9514 Ocotea porosaMoraes
3375    Ocotea porphyriaGallegos 31
Ocotea pulchella  Mora es 3154
Ocotea quixosNeill 9487Ocotea salvadorensis
  Rey n a 1414 Ocotea sp.  Müller &
Heinrichs 6213Ocotea tenera  Haber 3677
   Persea americana  Rohwer s.n.
 Phoebe sheareriRohwer s.n.    Sassafras
albidumRohwer s.n.     Sassafras tzumu   
Luo 1242Sassafras tzumuRohwer
160
Appendix 1.
... Additionally, van der Werff and Richter [3] emphasized the importance of introrse or extrorse anthers of the third-whorl stamens of hermaphroditic laurel flowers in the taxonomy of Lauraceae at the generic level. Rohde et al. [43] stated that the third-whorl stamens are extrorse in some hermaphroditic flowers of Lauraceae, and the formation of this structure is caused by inner stamens that are upright and closed to the style at the male flowering stage, so there is no space allowing them to fold inward. Chung et al. [33] observed that the anthers of the first and second stamen whorl of S. randaiense are introrse, while the third whorl is apparently extrorse or latrorse (in the male phase, those of the third whorl are extrorse). ...
... Additionally, Liao [46] suggested that these bracts formed involucres, but Chung et al. [33] thought that this view was distorted. Rohde et al. [43] also agreed that the involucre of Sassafras was different from that of species within the tribe Laureae, and suggested that most species of the tribe Laureae have pseudo-umbel axillary inflorescences surrounded by alternating bracts, and that the bracts remained after flowering, while in S. albidum, the bracts or transitional leaves subtending the inflorescences are persistent at anthesis [32]. Furthermore, Sassafras produced racemes from spirally arranged bud scales and axils of transitional leaves in early spring germination. ...
... Compared with gene fragment data, the whole chloroplast genome contained more abundant and valuable genetic information on plants [14,43]. Song et al. [14] constructed a molecular phylogenetic tree based on the chloroplast genome of 44 Magnoliids (including 15 new Lauraceae species and 19 published Lauraceae data); within this tree, Laureae and Cinnamomeae were completely separated (ML-BS = 100%), and Sassafras was strongly predicated to be clustered with Cinnamomeae (ML-BS = 100%). ...
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The Lauraceae is a family of the order Laurales, with 2500–3000 species comprising 50 genera, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests. Up to two decades ago, the systematic classification of the Lauraceae was based on floral morphology, but molecular phylogenetic approaches have made tremendous advances in elucidating tribe- and genus-level relationships within the family in recent decades. Our review focused on the phylogeny and systematics of Sassafras, a genus of three species with highly disjunct distributions in eastern North America and East Asia, whose tribe affiliation within the Lauraceae has long been controversial. By synthesizing information on the floral biology and molecular phylogeny of Sassafras, this review aimed to explore the position of Sassafras within the Lauraceae, and to provide suggestions and implications for future phylogenetic studies. Our synthesis highlighted Sassafras as a transitional type between Cinnamomeae and Laureae with a closer genetic relationship with Cinnamomeae, as revealed by molecular phylogenetic evidence, while it shares many similar characteristics with Laureae in morphology. We therefore discovered that several molecular and morphological methods should be concurrently considered to illuminate the phylogeny and systematics of Sassafras in Lauraceae.
... Recent plastome phylogeny has provided high resolution for nine major clades in the family including Hypodaphnideae, Cryptocaryeae, Cassytheae, Neocinnamomeae, Caryodaphnopsideae, the Mesilaurus clade, Perseae, Cinnamomeae, and Laureae [5,6]. However, many generic complexes exist within these clades, e.g. the Beilschmiedia group in the Cryptocaryeae [7], the Alseodaphne group in the Perseae [8][9][10], the Cinnamomum group in the Cinnamomeae [4,11], and the Litsea group and the Ocotea group in the Laureae [12][13][14][15], how to identify the generic clades and classify them in combination with morphological characters remain problematic. Recent taxonomic studies have proposed new classifications of some of the above-mentioned generic complexes based on phylogenetic studies [4,9,11,14,15]. ...
... However, many generic complexes exist within these clades, e.g. the Beilschmiedia group in the Cryptocaryeae [7], the Alseodaphne group in the Perseae [8][9][10], the Cinnamomum group in the Cinnamomeae [4,11], and the Litsea group and the Ocotea group in the Laureae [12][13][14][15], how to identify the generic clades and classify them in combination with morphological characters remain problematic. Recent taxonomic studies have proposed new classifications of some of the above-mentioned generic complexes based on phylogenetic studies [4,9,11,14,15]. Taxonomic problems remain due to inadequate species sampling. One way to resolve these taxonomic problems is to include species in new phylogenetic trees and re-consider their taxonomy within a phylogenetic context. ...
... This result was confirmed and corroborated by Huang et al. [20] with a better species sampling strategy. Rhode et al. [11] excluded the American species from Cinnamomum and transferred them to Aiouea Aubl.. Zeng et al. [21] found that the upper leaf epidermal cells of Cinnamomum include two types: leaf epidermal cells regular and periclinal walls non-reticulate (sect. Camphora), leaf epidermal cells irregular and periclinal walls reticulate (sect. ...
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Taxonomy of the genus Cinnamomum Schaeff. (Lauraceae) is difficult because of parallel evolution of morphology. Recent phylogenomic and taxonomic studies have clarified the problem and subdivided the Asian Cinnamomum into two genera, i.e., Camphora Fabr. and Cinnamomum sensu stricto. Here we sequenced and characterized the plastome of a recently described species Cinnamomum guizhouense C.Y. Deng, Zhi Yang et Y. Yang, performed a phylogenomic analysis, and also conducted a comparative analysis. The plastome of Cinnamomum guizhouense is 152,739 bp long and quadri-parted with a pair of inverted repeat regions (IR: 20,132 bp) divided by a small single copy region (SSC: 18,852 bp) and a large single copy region (LSC: 93,623 bp). The plastome possesses a total of 128 genes including 82 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes, which is similar to most published plastomes of the core Lauraceae group. The plastome of Cinnamomum guizhouense displays higher similarity to Camphora than Cinnamomum. Our phylogenomic result suggests that Cinnamomum guizhouense belongs to the Camphora clade. As a result, we propose a new combination, i.e. Camphora guizhouensis (C.Y. Deng, Zhi Yang et Y. Yang) Zhi Yang et Y.Yang, comb. nov.
... The taxonomy of Lauraceae has been mainly based on androecium composition (Rohwer 1993). However, in recent phylogenies, several traditional groups have emerged as paraphyletic or polyphyletic (e.g., Chanderbali et al. 2001;Rohwer & Rudolph 2005;Alves & Souza 2013;Trofimov et al. 2016;Rohde et al. 2017;Trofimov & Rohwer 2020;Penagos-Zuluaga et al. 2021). Therefore, new attributes need to be identified that could serve to delimit groups and help to understand the evolution of the family (Nishida & van der Werff 2007, 2011Trofimov et al. 2016;Zeng et al. 2017). ...
... Distribution and habitat:-The species is found in both dry and humid forests of the Cauca River Canyon in the department of Antioquia Colombia, at elevations between 250 and 670 m (Fig. 4) Rohde (2017Rohde ( : 1102, Brosimum alicastrum Swartz (1788: 12), Styphnolobium sporadicum M. Sousa & Rudd (1993: 279), among others. ...
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Lonchocarpus verticillatus (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Millettieae) is described and illustrated from the seasonally dry forests of the Cauca River valley in Antioquia department, northwestern Colombia. This species is clearly distinguished from other species of the genus by its notably whorled arrangement of leaves, up to 17 leaflets, mesophyll and calyx with glandular dots, and lax inflorescences up to 31 cm long. It is a tree reaching up to 25 m in height, inhabiting forest remnants. Isolated trees can be found in pastures dedicated to livestock. It has been recorded at elevations ranging from 250 to 670 m. Due to habitat fragmentation, the increasing development of infrastructure in its occurrence area, and the limited number of records, a preliminary recommendation is to categorize it as ‘Endangered’ (EN) according to the IUCN criteria.
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Inflammation is implicated as a cause in many diseases. Most of the anti-inflammatory agents in use are synthetic and there is an unmet need for natural substance-derived anti-inflammatory agents with minimal side effects. Aiouea padiformis belongs to the Lauraceae family and is primarily found in tropical regions. While some members of the Aiouea genus are known to possess anti-inflammatory properties, the anti-inflammatory properties of Aiouea padiformis extract (AP) have not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory function of AP through the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Treatment with AP inhibited the secretion of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome in J774A.1 and THP-1 cells without affecting the viability. In addition, AP treatment did not influence NF-κB signaling, potassium efflux, or intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production—all of which are associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation. However, intriguingly, AP treatment significantly reduced the ATPase activity of NLRP3, leading to the inhibition of ASC oligomerization and speck formation. Consistent with cellular experiments, the anti-inflammatory property of AP in vivo was also evaluated using an LPS-induced inflammation model in zebrafish, demonstrating that AP hinders NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Critical species inventories provide primary biodiversity data crucial for biogeographical, ecological, and conservation studies. After six years, a second update to the inventory of the vascular flora native to Italy is presented. It provides details on the occurrence at regional level and, for the first time, floristic data for San Marino. The checklist includes 8,241 species and subspecies, distributed in 1,111 genera and 153 families; 23 taxa are lycophytes, 108 ferns and fern allies, 30 gymnosperms, and 8,080 angiosperms. The species/subspecies endemic to Italy are 1,702, grouped in 71 families and 312 genera. The taxa currently occurring in Italy are 7,591, while 545 taxa have not been confirmed in recent times, 94 are doubtfully occurring in the country, 11 are data deficient, and 236 are reported by mistake and to be excluded at national level. Out of the 545 not confirmed taxa, 28 are considered extinct or possibly extinct.
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Critical and updated alien species inventories are crucial to properly manage and contrast biological invasions. After six years, a second update to the inventory of the vascular flora alien to Italy is presented. It provides details on the occurrence at administrative regional level and, for the first time, floristic data for San Marino. The checklist includes 1,782 taxa (1,673 species, 28 subspecies, 69 hybrids, and 12 cultivar groups not attributable to a specific binomial), distributed in 786 genera and 159 families; 2 taxa are lycophytes, 13 ferns and fern allies, 37 gymnosperms, and 1,730 angiosperms. Among these, 154 taxa are archaeophytes and 1,628 neophytes. The alien taxa currently established in Italy are 899 (649 naturalized and 250 invasive), while 796 taxa are casual aliens, 1 are not assessed, 38 have not been confirmed in recent times, 4 are considered extinct or possibly extinct in the country, 40 are doubtfully occurring in Italy, 4 are of unknown regional distribution, and 110 are reported by mistake and to be excluded at national level. This checklist allows to establish an up-to-date number (10,023) of taxa currently constituting the whole (either native or alien) Italian flora.
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Aiouea padiformis belongs to the family Lauraceae and is primarily found in tropical regions. Although other plants in this family have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects, the anti-inflammatory properties of A. padiformis extract (AP) have not yet been investigated. In this study, we examined the effects of AP on the NLRP3 inflammasome and aimed to elucidate the mechanism behind these effects. AP treatment inhibited interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) secretion without affecting cell viability in J774A.1 and THP-1 cells. AP treatment had no effect on NF-κB signaling, potassium efflux, or intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, all of which are associated with NLRP3 activation. However, interestingly, AP treatment significantly reduced the ATPase activity of NLRP3. To confirm whether AP functions in vivo, we used zebrafish larvae with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. Confirming the results observed in cellular experiments, a decrease in the number of neutrophils was observed in zebrafish embryos following AP treatment. Our results show that AP hindered NLRP3 inflammasome assembly through ATPase activity suppression, resulting in reduced inflammation in vivo. This study demonstrates the potential of AP as a treatment for inflammatory diseases associated with NLRP3 inflammasomes.
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A new species of Aiouea (Lauraceae) from the Colombian Andes is described and illustrated. Aiouea chicaque is distinguished by the following combination of characters: elliptic leaves with cuneate to attenuate bases, pinnate venation, glabrous, without domatia, externally glabrous fowers with stamens of whorls I and II with four locules, whorl III with two locules, and fruits with persistent tepals in the cupule. According to IUCN criteria, the new species is given a preliminary threat assessment as Vulnerable (VU) based on its reduced area of occupancy and the small number of localities where it is found. Additionally, two species of Ocotea and one of Andea, previously known from the Andes of Ecuador, are here recorded for the frst time for the fora of Colombia: O. fstulosa, O. pautensis and A. homeieri.
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Cinnamomum species have gained worldwide attention because of their economic benefits. Among them, C. verum (synonymous with C. zeylanicum Blume), commonly known as Ceylon Cinnamon or True Cinnamon is mainly produced in Sri Lanka. In addition, Sri Lanka is home to seven endemic wild cinnamon species, C. capparu-coronde, C. citriodorum, C. dubium, C. litseifolium, C. ovalifolium, C. rivulorum and C. sinharajaense. Proper identification and genetic characterization are fundamental for the conservation and commercialization of these species. While some species can be identified based on distinct morphological or chemical traits, others cannot be identified easily morphologically or chemically. The DNA barcoding using rbcL, matK, and trnH-psbA regions could not also resolve the identification of Cinnamomum species in Sri Lanka. Therefore, we generated Illumina Hiseq data of about 20x coverage for each identified species and a C. verum sample (India) and assembled the chloroplast genome, nuclear ITS regions, and several mitochondrial genes, and conducted Skmer analysis. Chloroplast genomes of all eight species were assembled using a seed-based method.According to the Bayesian phylogenomic tree constructed with the complete chloroplast genomes, the C. verum (Sri Lanka) is sister to previously sequenced C. verum (NC_035236.1, KY635878.1), C. dubium and C. rivulorum. The C. verum sample from India is sister to C. litseifolium and C. ovalifolium. According to the ITS regions studied, C. verum (Sri Lanka) is sister to C. verum (NC_035236.1), C. dubium and C. rivulorum. Cinnamomum verum (India) shares an identical ITS region with C. ovalifolium, C. litseifolium, C. citriodorum, and C. capparu-coronde. According to the Skmer analysis C. verum (Sri Lanka) is sister to C. dubium and C. rivulorum, whereas C. verum (India) is sister to C. ovalifolium, and C. litseifolium. The chloroplast gene ycf1 was identified as a chloroplast barcode for the identification of Cinnamomum species. We identified an 18 bp indel region in the ycf1 gene, that could differentiate C. verum (India) and C. verum (Sri Lanka) samples tested.
Article
The recently-developed statistical method known as the "bootstrap" can be used to place confidence intervals on phylogenies. It involves resampling points from one's own data, with replacement, to create a series of bootstrap samples of the same size as the original data. Each of these is analyzed, and the variation among the resulting estimates taken to indicate the size of the error involved in making estimates from the original data. In the case of phylogenies, it is argued that the proper method of resampling is to keep all of the original species while sampling characters with replacement, under the assumption that the characters have been independently drawn by the systematist and have evolved independently. Majority-rule consensus trees can be used to construct a phylogeny showing all of the inferred monophyletic groups that occurred in a majority of the bootstrap samples. If a group shows up 95% of the time or more, the evidence for it is taken to be statistically significant. Existing computer programs can be used to analyze different bootstrap samples by using weights on the characters, the weight of a character being how many times it was drawn in bootstrap sampling. When all characters are perfectly compatible, as envisioned by Hennig, bootstrap sampling becomes unnecessary; the bootstrap method would show significant evidence for a group if it is defined by three or more characters.
Article
Earlier studies indicated that the genus Nectandra, currently the second-largest genus of the Neotropical Lauraceae, might be diphyletic in its traditional circumscription, but the evidence was not quite conclusive. Our phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast (psbA-trnH) sequences of 45 Nectandra species as well as 42 representatives of 18 genera of the core Lauraceae (Ocotea complex, Laureae, Aiouea, Asian Cinnamomum and Persea groups) confirm the suspicion that Nectandra is diphyletic. The two groups, Nectandra s.str. and the N. coriacea group, are each well supported in the maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses, but they are not sister to each other. Nectandra s.str. is sister to Pleurothyrium, and the clade including Nectandra s.str. and Pleurothyrium is very likely closer to the dioecious taxa of the Ocotea complex. The N. coriacea group, on the other hand, appears to be closer to bisexual taxa known as the Ocotea helicterifolia group. In addition, Nectandra s.str. is characterized by a large deletion in the psbA-trnH spacer compared to all other core Lauraceae, including its sister group Pleurothyrium. Considering these facts, Nectandra cannot be maintained in the traditional sense. We therefore transfer the species of the N. coriacea group to the oldest generic name applied to this group, Damburneya. On the basis of fossil records from the American subcontinents and in accordance with previous phylogenetic and molecular clock studies we suggest a scenario of a climate-driven migration from North to South America, with a subsequent rapid radiation of Nectandra s.str. in South America.
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Cinnamomum is represented in South India by 12 endemic speties and the imported cultivated C. verum (synonym C. zeylanicum) from Ceylon. Of these C. filipedicellatum, C. goaense, C. keralaense and C. walaiwarense are here described for the first time. Cinnamomum heyneaman Nees, reduced to C. pedunculatum, var. angustifobum Hemsley by Allen and later to C. burmanni, var. angastifolium Hemsley and quite recently reduced to forma heyneanum by H. W. Li in 1978, is here reestablished. The single collection known is from S. India and is certainlv different from the Chinese C. angustifolium; with C. burmanni it is not related at all. A complete bibliography of C. malabatrum (Burm. f.) Bl. is presented, this was in antiquity the source of Cassia lignea bark and of Folium Indum. The history of this bark and the leaves is presented.
Article
This study refers to specimens of Lauraceae collected in Brazil by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius between 1817 and 1820. He collected 57 currently accepted species of Lauraceae, which belong to nine genera: Aniba, Cassytha, Cinnamomum, Cryptocarya, Dicypellium, Licaria, Nectandra, Ocotea, and Persea, for which Martius is known to have made about 99 different collections. The vast majority of them are nomenclatural types and, taking into account the synonyms involved, encompassing 26 holotypes, 23 lectotypes, and 30 syntypes. Besides Martius himself, early descriptions and citations of these materials were made by Nees von Esenbeck, Meissner, and Mez, the first monographers of the family. Martius’s collections were the basis for the Flora Brasiliensis, where the taxonomic treatment of Lauraceae was made by the Swiss botanist Carl Daniel Friedrich Meissner in 1866, being of particular interest for indicating all the collections examined and available at that time. Here, we provide an annotated and updated list of 60 entries with information on the status of the names and their types, currently accepted names, collections found in different herbaria, accompanied by an Index to Scientific names and an Index to Collections. Although there are no cases of specimens of Lauraceae collected by Martius from his “Martii Herbarium Florae Brasiliensis,” they are also listed here since they have been attributed to him in literature. Lectotypes for two names, Cryptocarya speciosa, and Nectandra nitidula var. maior, are designated, and a new synonymy is proposed.
Article
Genus Cinnamomum is an important plant group containing aromatic oils in its leaves and bark. These oils are widely used in flavoring agents for foods, cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations, and in other traditional and prepared forms. The Cinnamomum diversity in Thailand was investigated and identified in areas where it naturally grows. There were seven known species, seven unknown species, one traditional form, and two prepared forms included in this research. The unknown species which had no reproductive parts were identified firstly by comparing their random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) banding patterns to the known species. The 15 different primers produced a total of 983 bands, which were successfully used to construct a dendrogram that distinctly separates species with genetic similarity values ranging from 0.56 to 0.84 accordingly to show different leaf characters. DNA barcodes with matK, rbcL, and rpoB gene regions were constructed in all studied samples. Compared to some sequences from GenBank, the genetic distances in the regions were 0.00 to 0.52, 0.00 to 0.36, and 0.00 to 0.30, respectively. Considering these values, some different species showed no genetic distances. To summarize, the three regions cannot be used to identify these Cinnamomum species as there are no distinct sequence variations between many different species.
Article
Phylogenetic relationships among 122 species of Lauraceae representing 44 of the 55 currently recognized genera are inferred from sequence variation in the chloroplast and nuclear genomes. The trnL-trnF, trnT-trnL, psbA-trnH, and rpl16 regions of cpDNA, and the 5′ end of 26S rDNA resolved major lineages, while the ITS/5.8S region of rDNA resolved a large terminal clade. The phylogenetic estimate is used to assess morphology-based views of relationships and, with a temporal dimension added, to reconstruct the biogeographic history of the family. Results suggest Lauraceae radiated when trans-Tethyean migration was relatively easy, and basal lineages are established on either Gondwanan or Laurasian terrains by the Late Cretaceous. Most genera with Gondwanan histories place in Cryptocaryeae, but a small group of South American genera, the Chlorocardium-Mezilaurus clade, represent a separate Gondwanan lineage. Caryodaphnopsis and Neocinnamomum may be the only extant representatives of the ancient Lauraceae flora documented in Mid- to Late Cretaceous Laurasian strata. Remaining genera place in a terminal Perseeae-Laureae clade that radiated in Early Eocene Laurasia. Therein, non-cupulate genera associate as the Persea group, and cupuliferous genera sort to Laureae of most classifications or Cinnamomeae sensu Kostermans. Laureae are Laurasian relicts in Asia. The Persea group and Cinnamomum group (of Cinnamomeae) show tropical amphi-Pacific disjunctions here credited to disruption of boreotropical ranges by Eocene-Oligocene climatic cooling. The Ocotea complex accommodates remaining Cinnamomeae and shows a trans-Atlantic disjunction possibly derived from a Madrean-Tethyan ancestral distribution. These findings support Laurasian ancestry for most extant Lauraceae, with their considerable neotropical representation primarily derived from Early Miocene radiation of the Ocotea complex upon reaching South America.