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Result of the cpDNA analysis, part 2. Bayesian posterior probabilities indicated above branches, maximum parsimony bootstrap support below. + below branches indicates no parsimony bootstrap support ≥ 50% but present in strict consensus tree, + to the right of the node indicates presence in the most likely ML tree. Roman numbers (III, IV) left of branches refer to clades mentioned in Results. Neotropical species of Cinnamomum transferred to Aiouea. Genus names abbreviated: Aiou. = Aiouea, Anib. = Aniba, Cinm. = Cinnamomum, Damb. = Damburneya, Endl. = Endlicheria, Lica. = Licaria, Moci. = Mocinnodaphne, Nect. = Nectandra, Ocot. = Ocotea. Abbreviation in quotes = species to be excluded from the genus. 

Result of the cpDNA analysis, part 2. Bayesian posterior probabilities indicated above branches, maximum parsimony bootstrap support below. + below branches indicates no parsimony bootstrap support ≥ 50% but present in strict consensus tree, + to the right of the node indicates presence in the most likely ML tree. Roman numbers (III, IV) left of branches refer to clades mentioned in Results. Neotropical species of Cinnamomum transferred to Aiouea. Genus names abbreviated: Aiou. = Aiouea, Anib. = Aniba, Cinm. = Cinnamomum, Damb. = Damburneya, Endl. = Endlicheria, Lica. = Licaria, Moci. = Mocinnodaphne, Nect. = Nectandra, Ocot. = Ocotea. Abbreviation in quotes = species to be excluded from the genus. 

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Cinnamomum is among the largest genera of the Lauraceae, including species from tropical to temperate Asia and from tropical to subtropical America. However, previous studies indicated that Cinnamomum might not be monophyletic in its current circumscription. We therefore re-investigated the genus and possible relatives with an increased taxon sampl...

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... sect. Camphora and sect. Cinnamomum, respec- tively, at least in the result of the ITS dataset (Fig. 2). Our study does not allow us to decide if these clades form a monophyletic group or not, as they are placed in conflicting topologies result- ing from the analyses of the separate ITS and cpDNA datasets (Figs. 2, 4). The third clade (Figs. 3, 5) comprises not only the Neotropical species currently placed in Cinnamomum, but also most species of the likewise Neotropical genus Aiouea exam- ined here, including the type, A. guianensis. The taxonomic ...

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... In Brazil, there are ca. 32 species mainly distributed in the Atlantic Rain Forest and Cerrado domains (Rohde et al. 2017;Flora e Funga do Brasil 2024;POWO 2024). ...
... The current circumscription proposed by Rohde et al. (2017) includes trees or shrubs with alternate, triplinerved or penninerved leaves, with or without domatia in the axils of secondary and/or tertiary veins, thyrso-paniculate inflorescences, flowers with tepals that are erect at anthesis, with nine fertile stamens, occasionally six or three, four-locular or two-locular anthers, well-developed staminodes of the fourth androecial whorl, with a cordate to sagittate head, and cupules that are gradually merging with the swollen pedicel, with or without persistent tepals on the margin. ...
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... The taxonomy of Lauraceae has been mainly based on androecium composition (Rohwer 1993). However, in recent phylogenies, several traditional groups have emerged as paraphyletic or polyphyletic (e.g., Chanderbali et al. 2001;Rohwer & Rudolph 2005;Alves & Souza 2013;Trofimov et al. 2016;Rohde et al. 2017;Trofimov & Rohwer 2020;Penagos-Zuluaga et al. 2021). Therefore, new attributes need to be identified that could serve to delimit groups and help to understand the evolution of the family (Nishida & van der Werff 2007, 2011Trofimov et al. 2016;Zeng et al. 2017). ...
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... Distribution and habitat:-The species is found in both dry and humid forests of the Cauca River Canyon in the department of Antioquia Colombia, at elevations between 250 and 670 m (Fig. 4) Rohde (2017Rohde ( : 1102, Brosimum alicastrum Swartz (1788: 12), Styphnolobium sporadicum M. Sousa & Rudd (1993: 279), among others. ...
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... Additionally, van der Werff and Richter [3] emphasized the importance of introrse or extrorse anthers of the third-whorl stamens of hermaphroditic laurel flowers in the taxonomy of Lauraceae at the generic level. Rohde et al. [43] stated that the third-whorl stamens are extrorse in some hermaphroditic flowers of Lauraceae, and the formation of this structure is caused by inner stamens that are upright and closed to the style at the male flowering stage, so there is no space allowing them to fold inward. Chung et al. [33] observed that the anthers of the first and second stamen whorl of S. randaiense are introrse, while the third whorl is apparently extrorse or latrorse (in the male phase, those of the third whorl are extrorse). ...
... Additionally, Liao [46] suggested that these bracts formed involucres, but Chung et al. [33] thought that this view was distorted. Rohde et al. [43] also agreed that the involucre of Sassafras was different from that of species within the tribe Laureae, and suggested that most species of the tribe Laureae have pseudo-umbel axillary inflorescences surrounded by alternating bracts, and that the bracts remained after flowering, while in S. albidum, the bracts or transitional leaves subtending the inflorescences are persistent at anthesis [32]. Furthermore, Sassafras produced racemes from spirally arranged bud scales and axils of transitional leaves in early spring germination. ...
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... Recent plastome phylogeny has provided high resolution for nine major clades in the family including Hypodaphnideae, Cryptocaryeae, Cassytheae, Neocinnamomeae, Caryodaphnopsideae, the Mesilaurus clade, Perseae, Cinnamomeae, and Laureae [5,6]. However, many generic complexes exist within these clades, e.g. the Beilschmiedia group in the Cryptocaryeae [7], the Alseodaphne group in the Perseae [8][9][10], the Cinnamomum group in the Cinnamomeae [4,11], and the Litsea group and the Ocotea group in the Laureae [12][13][14][15], how to identify the generic clades and classify them in combination with morphological characters remain problematic. Recent taxonomic studies have proposed new classifications of some of the above-mentioned generic complexes based on phylogenetic studies [4,9,11,14,15]. ...
... However, many generic complexes exist within these clades, e.g. the Beilschmiedia group in the Cryptocaryeae [7], the Alseodaphne group in the Perseae [8][9][10], the Cinnamomum group in the Cinnamomeae [4,11], and the Litsea group and the Ocotea group in the Laureae [12][13][14][15], how to identify the generic clades and classify them in combination with morphological characters remain problematic. Recent taxonomic studies have proposed new classifications of some of the above-mentioned generic complexes based on phylogenetic studies [4,9,11,14,15]. Taxonomic problems remain due to inadequate species sampling. One way to resolve these taxonomic problems is to include species in new phylogenetic trees and re-consider their taxonomy within a phylogenetic context. ...
... This result was confirmed and corroborated by Huang et al. [20] with a better species sampling strategy. Rhode et al. [11] excluded the American species from Cinnamomum and transferred them to Aiouea Aubl.. Zeng et al. [21] found that the upper leaf epidermal cells of Cinnamomum include two types: leaf epidermal cells regular and periclinal walls non-reticulate (sect. Camphora), leaf epidermal cells irregular and periclinal walls reticulate (sect. ...
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... The double-margined cupule in L. ramiroi suggests a morphological connection to species in genera such as Aiouea Aubl., Damburneya Raf. and Mespilodaphne Nees & Mart., especially with those with bisporangiate anthers. However, the species of these genera present other characteristics that are not recorded in L. ramiroi, such as the fact that, in Aiouea, there are staminodes in the fourth androecial whorl that show a large glandular head, generally chordate to sagittate (Rohde et al. 2017); in Damburneya, the tepals are adaxially pubescent at the base and generally papillose towards the tips (Trofimov et al. 2016) and both genera have nine fertile stamens, occasionally six or three in Aiouea. Mespilodaphne, on the other hand, is a recently reinstated genus, it presents flowers with spreading tepals, tongue-shaped stamens, heavily papillose and tetrasporangiate (Trofimov et al. 2019). ...
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... Molecular phylogenies have suggested that evolutionary changes in the number of anther cells have occurred multiple times in Lauraceae (Penagos Zuluaga et al., 2021) and support those who have questioned the generic value of two-or four-locellate anthers (e.g. van der Werff, 1984;Burger, 1988;Rohwer et al., 1991;Chanderbali, 2004;Rohde et al., 2017). ...
... By contrast, specimens with hermaphrodite flowers key out to Beilschmiedia Nees, whose Neotropical species have leaves that can be opposite and with a coarse venation pattern or alternate with a fine venation pattern; staminodes in the fourth whorl that are conspicuous and cordate to triangular in outline; receptacles that are invariably shallow; and fruits lacking cupules and that are freely inserted on their pedicel (Nishida, 1999;Nishida & Christophel, 1999). Moreover, it also keys out to the newly circumscribed Aiouea Aubl., which now encompasses 2-celled and 4-celled anther species (Rohde et al., 2017). These authors have shown that the Neotropical 'Cinnamomum' species form an evolutionary lineage with South American Aiouea rather than with the Paleotropical Cinnamomum species. ...
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a species of Lauraceae that is new to science and from the Atlantic rain forest of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The newly described species does not fit in any of the traditionally circumscribed disporangiate Lauraceae genera; rather, we show that it is phylogenetically placed within the Ocotea minarum group, as revealed by nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid psbA-trnH sequence data.
... been controversial (van der Werff, 2001), e.g. Beilschmiedia group Yang et al., 2012), Persea group (Li et al., 2011;Mo et al., 2017), Ocotea group (Penagos Zuluaga et al., 2021;Trofimov et al., 2019Trofimov et al., , 2022, and Cinnamomum group (Gang et al., 2021;Huang et al., 2016;Rohde et al., 2017). The genus Cinnamomum Schaeff. ...
... The genus Cinnamomum was formerly considered to contain 350 species that are amphi-Pacific (Lorea-Hernández, 1996;Rohwer, 1993;van der Werff, 2001). Recent phylogenetic and taxonomic studies have transferred the American species to Aiouea (Rohde et al., 2017), so the remaining Old World Cinnnamomum now contains 247 species (https://powo.scien ce.kew.org/taxon/ ...
... Trofimov and Huang et al. (2016) suggested that sect. Cinnamomum is sister to the Neotropical clade, whereas Rohde et al. (2017) indicated that sect. Camphora is sister to the Neotropical clade. ...
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Taxonomy of Cinnamomum Schaeff. of Lauraceae remains problematic because recent phylogenetic studies have suggested that this genus is not monophyletic. In this study, we assembled three sequence matrices including plastomes (datamatrix I), nrITS sequences alone (datamatrix II), and nrITS plus plastid psbA‐trnH sequences (datamatrix III) of the Cinnamomum‐Ocotea complex of Lauraceae and conducted a new phylogenetic study with thusfar the most extensive species sampling of the Cinnamomum‐Ocotea group. We determined that the Old World Cinnamomum is diphyletic: sect. Camphora Meisn. is sister to Sassafras J.Presl and sect. Cinnamomum is sister to the African Kuloa Trofimov & Rohwer. A recent study indicated that characters of leaf micromorphological anatomy can define the two clades: one possessing reticulate periclinal and the other having non‐reticulate periclinal walls. As result, we divided the genus Cinnamomum of Lauraceae into two genera, i.e., Cinnamomum and Camphora Fabr. The generic name Cinnamomum is retained for those species mainly having reticulate periclinal epidermal cell walls, inconspicuous non‐perulate terminal buds and usually tripliveined leaves; the oldest generic name, Camphora, is applied to the second group which contains those species mainly possessing non‐reticulate periclinal epidermal cell walls, prominent perulate terminal buds and pinnately‐veined leaves. A census of the species and their type specimens listed under Cinnamomum in Asia resulted in the transfer of 18 species to Camphora, including 15 new combinations. Cinnamomum is diphyletic according to a new phylogeny using nrITS and psbA‐trnH sequences. As a result, we classify the genus Cinnamomum into two genera, i.e., Camphora and Cinnamomum.
... 350 species and to have a pan-Pacific distribution (Rohwer 1993;Lorea-Hernández 1996;van der Werff 2001). Recent phylogenetic and taxonomic studies have transferred the Neotropical species of Cinnamomum to other genera so that Cinnamomum is now treated as being restricted to Tropical/Subtropical Asia and Oceania (Huang et al. 2016;Rohde et al. 2017;Zeng et al. 2021). Two sections have been recognized in Cinnamomum, sect. ...
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Field investigations in Guizhou, China, in 2020 resulted in the discovery of an unknown species of Lauraceae. Morphological studies revealed that it is a new species of Cinnamomum Schaeff. sect. Camphora Meisn., based on the large terminal buds, and alternate leaves with pinnate veins. It is distinguished from other species of sect. Camphora by the rather large perulate terminal buds with numerous bracts, larger flowers, oblong-elliptic linear tepals twice as long as the stamens, and the deep cup-shaped fruiting cupule. It is here described and illustrated as a new species, Cinnamomum guizhouense C.Y.Deng, Zhi Yang et Y.Yang. A key to distinguish it from related species in the same area is provided. In addition, we list the new species as Critically Endangered (CR), and suggest to conduct ex situ conservation, collect seeds and plant the species in botanic gardens.