Dimensiones antropométricas de la población latinoamericana : México, Cuba, Colombia, Chile / R. Avila Chaurand, L.R. Prado León, E.L. González Muñoz.
Abstract
The book includes first, anthropometric data collected in the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara. The main purpose of the present investigation was the collection of anthropometric data that could be used, mainly, for the resolution of ergonomic problems; However, the principles and criteria used have a more general anthropological foundation, which is why, as can be seen, many of the dimensions and anthropometric points that define and locate them may be useful in other areas of knowledge. , from the examination of the dimensions suggested by Damon A., Stoudt HW and McFarland RA (1971), for the design of various products, 50 dimensions were selected that were considered by the authors, as basic, to satisfy in a general way the needs of the design problems in terms of ergonomic aspects. The definition of the dimensions and the method to measure was based on the "Standardized Anthropometric Technique" (Hertzberg HTE, 1968).
Our sincere thanks to Professor Jairo Estrada for allowing the joint publication of data on the Colombian population. To Ricardo Ruiz Ortíz for sending us information about Colombian children. To Henry Tocarucho, Carlos Torres, Leonardo Quintana and María Claudia Vázquez for allowing us information of workers of the Colombian flower industry. To Jimena Rojas for having kindly sent us the data of Chilean children. To Dr. Antonio Martínez Fuentes and Dr. David Sánchez Monroy with whom unbreakable bonds of friendship, camaraderie and professional collaboration join us for many years.
El libro incluye en primer lugar, datos antropometricos recopilados en la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara. El propósito principal de la presente investigación fue la recolección de datos antropométricos que pudieran ser utilizados, principalmente, para la resolución de problemas ergonómicos; sin embargo, los principios y criterios utilizados tienen un fundamento antropológico más general, por lo cual, como se podrá observar, muchas de las dimensiones y puntos antropométricos que las definen y localizan, podrán ser de utilidad en otras áreas de conocimiento.De esta manera, a partir del examen de las dimensiones sugeridas por Damon A., Stoudt H. W. y McFarland R. A. (1971), para el diseño de productos varios, se seleccionaron 50 dimensiones que fueron consideradas por los autores, como básicas, para satisfacer de manera general las necesidades de los problemas de diseño en cuanto a los aspectos ergonómicos.La definición de las dimensiones y el método para medir se basó en la “Técnica Antropométrica estandarizada” (Hertzberg H. T. E., 1968) .
Nuestro sincero agradecimiento al Profesor Jairo Estrada por permitimos la publicación conjunta de los datos de población colombiana. Al di Ricardo Ruiz Ortíz por hacernos llegar información sobre los niños colombianos. A Henry Tocarucho, Carlos Torres, Leonardo Quintana y María Claudia Vázquez por permitirnos información de trabajadores del sector floricultor co-lombiano.A Jimena Rojas por haber tenido la amabilidad de enviarnos los datos de niños chilenos. Al Doctor Antonio Martínez Fuentes y al Doctor David Sánchez Monroy con quienes nos unen inquebrantables lazos de amistad, compañerismo y colaboración profesional desde hace muchos años.
... Los bocetos son realizados a nivel bidimensional, pero se ilustran con sombreados para emular materiales u otras características perceptuales que deban cumplir. También se planteó un mapeo de su forma de interacción donde se evaluaron aspectos ergonómicos, referenciando tablas antropométricas latinoamericanas [10]. ...
Gracias a su riqueza natural, Costa Rica es hogar de distintas montañas en las cuales muchos senderistas y montañistas se adentran para practicar deporte. Sin embargo, estas actividades son escenario de distintos accidentes, muchos de los cuales surgen a raíz de una mala hidratación. Dichas eventualidades no siempre se dan por falta de agua, sino por la carencia de educación sobre una buena hidratación. A partir de estos casos, surgió el objetivo de diseñar un gadget inteligente que pueda brindar ayuda para minimizar accidentes o muertes provocadas por una mala hidratación, y evitar el desarrollo de consecuencias corporales a causa de la deshidratación. Además, brindar una herramienta que permita guiar al usuario en lo que debe realizar en caso de verse en una emergencia donde se quede con poca agua o sin esta durante su recorrido. Para resolver este problema, se hizo uso de análisis de lo existente, de la ergonomía, la perceptibilidad, la funcionalidad y la tecnología, con el fin de conceptualizar una idea, definir sus funciones y su forma; para luego ser llevada a un prototipo funcional que cumpla con las necesidades identificadas por medio del estudio de distintos casos e interacciones directas con usuarios. Basado en lo concluido mediante los estudios, se desarrolló un gadget inteligente que responde a las necesidades de los senderistas y montañistas.
Implementation of a pulse oximeter with measurement of altitude, heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) with bluetooth communication, in the need of real-time as well as remote monitoring by the therapist with the purpose of avoiding the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. With the use of bluetooth technology, the data is transmitted in real-time to a mobile phone through an application in the Android operating system, a medical history record is generated using the MIT App Inventor platform, likewise an audible alarm is activated in case the saturation level is out of range, taking into consideration the variation in oxygen saturation depending on the altitude where measurement is taken.KeywordsRehabilitationCOVID-19SpO2MonitoringOximetry
The knee joint is frequently exposed to injuries in people of all ages. In some cases, physical therapy is prescribed to recover the strength and mobility of a patient. The robotic assistance devices are gaining community attention and aim to improve the quality of life of people. In this work, we present the kinematic and dynamic modelling of a five-bar-linkage assistive device for knee rehabilitation according to anthropometric data from Latin-American population. We obtain a dynamic model of the proposed rehabilitation system and compare the knee trajectories with obtained using the assistive system to evaluate appropriate control strategies in the future. For this purpose, we present the kinematic formulation of the device, and then we derive the dynamics using two approaches to validate the model; we obtain the motion equation using the Lagrange approach and an algebraic method that simplifies modelling. Both approaches yield a unique model, which is validated either in simulation and by experimental trials, showing the functionality of the system and the validity of the models when performing rehabilitation routines.
We consider the problem of approximating a function f supposed to be “smooth”, given its values known with error at n different points of a real interval $[a,b]$. To approximate f we use the natural smoothing spline of order q and parameter $\tau $. For choosing $\tau $, the method of generalized cross validation, proposed by Wahba and others, has very interesting theoretical properties, but requires expensive calculations.
The asymptotic behavior of the eigenvalues associated with the spline functions provides a practical method for calculating the GCV function which reduces the computation time by a factor of n.
Acknowledgements 1. Introduction to comparative growth studies: methods and standards 2. Europeans in Europe 3. European descendants in Australasia, Africa and the Americas 4. Africans in Africa and of African ancestry 5. Asiatics in Asia and the Americas 6. Indo-Mediterraneans in the Near East, North Africa and India 7. Australian Aborigines and Pacific Island peoples 8. Rate of maturation: population differences in skeletal, dental and pubertal development 9. Genetic influence on growth: family and race comparisons 10. Environmental influence ongrowth 11. Child growth and chronic disease in adults References Appendix Index.
A new family of mathematical functions to fit longitudinal growth data is described. All members derive from the differential equation dh/dt = s(t). (h1-h) where h1 is adult size and s(t) is a function of time. The form of s(t) is given by one of many functions, all solutions of differential equations, thus generating a family of different models. Three versions were compared. All were superior to previously described models. Model 1, in which s(t) was defined by ds/dt = (s1 - s)(s - s0) was especially accurate and robust, containing only five parameters to describe growth in stature from age two to maturity. Derived "biological" parameters such as Peak Height Velocity were very consistent between these three members of the family but, in some cases, differed signficantly from previous estimates.
New charts for height, weight, height velocity, and weight velocity are presented for clinical (as opposed to population survey) use. They are based on longitudinal-type growth curves, using the same data as in the British 1965 growth standards. In the velocity standards centiles are given for children who are early- and late-maturing as well as for those who mature at the average age (thus extending the use of the previous charts). Limits of normality for the age of occurrence of the adolescent growth spurt are given and also for the successive stages of penis, testes, and pubic hair development in boys, and for stages of breast and pubic hair development in girls.
Longitudinally-based height and height velocity charts for North American children are presented. Centiles are given for early, middle, and late maturers. The shape of the curves is taken from a review of longitudinal studies, and the prepubertal and adult centiles for height attained are taken from National Center for Health Statistics data. The charts are suitable for following an individual child's progress during observation or treatment throughout the growth period, including puberty.