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Standards in herpetology and ichthyology. Standard symbolic codes for institution resource collections in herpetology and ichthyology. Supplement No. 1: Additions and corrections
... Museum abbreviations of specimens used in the descriptions or examined for comparisons followed Leviton et al. (1985) with the corrections and additions by Frost (2008), except for Coleção Herpetológica do Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (DZ-UFMG); Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA); and Museu de História Natural "Professor Adão José Cardoso", Universidade Estadual de Campinas (ZUEC). ...
... Another character that could contribute to allocate the new species in the genus Aparasphenodon is the presence of a single, median, subgular vocal sac, considered a diagnostic character state for Aparasphenodon by Trueb (1970), and a primitive state for hylids by Duellman (2001). Almost all West Indian casque-headed hylids have paired subgular sacs (a derived condition), with exception of Diaglena spatulata (Günther, 1882), that presents the primitive condition (a reversal). However, Cochran (1955) and Lynch & Varga-Ramírez (2000) reported that A. brunoi and A. venezolanus, respectively, present paired lateral vocal sacs resembling those of Osteocephalus and Phrynohyas (now Trachycephalus; see Faivovich et al., 2005), but Rivero (1961) considered Aparasphenodon to have a subgular vocal sac based on his examination of a male of A. brunoi. ...
A new species of Aparasphenodon is described from patches of arboreal restinga within the Atlantic Forest Biome, in a region known as Baixo Sul in southern Bahia, northeastern Brazil. Aparasphenodon arapapa sp. nov. is promptly diagnosed from other Aparasphenodon mainly by having small size (male snout-vent length 57.4–58.1 mm), loreal region flattened and wide, and canthus rostralis rounded and poorly elevated. The wide and flattened snout resembles that found in Triprion and Diaglena, and possibly is a parallelism (homoplasy) related to the phragmotic behavior of casque-headed tree frogs to their microhabitat usage. The decision to allocate the new species in the genus Aparasphenodon is discussed in detail, as the single morphological synapomorphy of the genus, the presence of a prenasal bone, is insufficient to morphologically relate the new species to Aparasphenodon, Triprion, or Diaglena.
... The nomenclature follows the Eschmeyer on-line Catalog of Fishes (2003). The institutional abbreviation for Museo Zoologico "La Specola" dell'Università di Firenze is MZUF, as listed in Leviton et al. (1985). son et al., 2000) to Colombia (Rubio et al., 1987;Beltran-Leon and Ríos-Herrera, 2000), including Revillagigedos and Galápagos Islands (Victor and Wellington, 2000;Baldwin and McCosker, 2001). ...
Two reef fishes are recorded for the first time from Ecuador. Both have been captured over rocky bottoms covered with gorgonians, along the coast of central south Ecuador. The previous southernmost distribution limits known were Colombia or the Galápagos Islands for Halichoeres chierchiae, and Panama or Galápagos for Ostracion meleagris. The question of their origin is mentioned.
... Keck examined a large number of minnow specimens from UT and CUMV; all other records are based on the identifications of other researchers. Institutional abbreviations are as listed at http:// www.asih.org/codons.pdf, in Leviton et al. (1985), Leviton and Gibbs (1988) and Sabaj (2016), or the full name of the institution is listed here. All hybrids listed in the literature were cross-referenced with museum records to avoid listing specimens twice. ...
Premating barriers such as variation in reproductive behaviour can evolve quickly, but because gametic and postzygotic incompatibilities often evolve more slowly, circumstances that bring gametes into contact can breach the boundaries of premating isolation. In aquatic environments, the gametes of organisms with external fertilization are released into a constantly moving environment and may come into contact with heterospecific gametes. In fishes, nest association (spawning in another species’ nest) is a behaviour that brings gametes from different species into close spatiotemporal proximity. These interactions might increase chances of hybridization, especially when multiple species associate with a single nest builder. This study addresses these interactions in the largest clade of North American freshwater fishes, the minnows (Cyprinidae). We compiled a list of over 17,000 hybrid specimens in conjunction with species distribution data, breeding behaviours, and an inferred phylogeny to test if breeding behaviour, in addition to evolutionary history, is an important predictor of hybridization. We find that breeding behaviour is a significant predictor of hybridization, even when phylogenetic relatedness and divergence time are accounted for. Specifically, nest associates are more likely to hybridize with other nest associates whereas non‐nesting species had relatively low rates of hybridization.
... Underwater observations of the species were made by S. Harazaki at Hachijojima Island from April 2002 to July 2003. Institutional codes follow Leviton et al. (1985), with an additional institutional abbreviation as follows: Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, Odawara, Japan (KPM). Colour photographs of the holotype and 4 paratypes (taken when fresh) are registered in the Image Database of Fishes in KPM. ...
Enneapterygius senoui, a new species of small triplefin, is described on the basis of six specimens collected from Hachijo-jima Island, the Izu Islands and Chichi-jima Island, Ogasawara Islands, Japan. This species is distinguished from other congeners by the following combination of characters: 14 or 15 (mode 15) second dorsal fin spines; 20 or 21 (21) pored lateral line scales; 17-19 (17) notched lateral line scales; 2 or 3 (2) scale rows above first pored lateral line scale; 2 or 2 1/2 (2 1/2) scale rows above last pored lateral line scale; 3 or 4 (3) scale rows below first notched lateral line scale; 4-5 + 1-2 + 4-5 mandibular pores; nasal tentacle unbranched flat, broad distally; a broad vertical white band on caudal peduncle behind third dorsal fin, and blue lines or spots on head in both sexes; anterior two-thirds of body and fins black, and posterior tip of anal fin yellow in melanistic males; reddish spots on head and body, and anal fin yellow basally in pale males and females. The species is further confirmed from Izu-oshima Island and the east coast of Izu Peninsula on the basis of underwater photographs. In situ colour pattern and variations are also described and discussed. Zusammenfassung Enneapterygius senoui, eine neue Art der kleinen Spitzkopfschleimfische wird auf der Grundlage von sechs Exemplaren beschrieben, die an den Inseln Hachijo-jima, Izu und Chichi-jima der Ogasawara-Gruppe, Japan, gesammelt wurden. Durch die Kom-bination der folgenden Merkmale unterscheidet sich die neue Art von den anderen in der Gattung: 14 oder 15 (meist 15) Flossenstrahlen in der zweiten Rücken-flosse; 20 oder 21 (21) Schuppen der Seitenlinie mit Poren; 17-19 (17) gekerbte Seitenlinien-Schuppen; 2 oder 3 (2) Schuppenreihen oberhalb der ersten pori-gen Seitenlinien-Schuppe; 2 oder 2 1/2 (2 1/2) Schup-penreihen oberhalb der letzten porigen Seitenlinien-Schuppe; 3 oder 4 (3) unterhalb der ersten gekerbten Seitenlinien-Schuppe; 4-5 + 1-2 + 4-5 Unterkiefer-Poren; Nasententakel unverzweigt flach, am distalen Ende breit; ein breites, senkrechtes weißes Band auf dem Schwanzstiel hinter der dritten Rückenflosse; und blaue Linien oder Flecken auf dem Kopf bei bei-den Geschlechtern; die vorderen zwei Drittel von Rumpf und Flossen schwarz; sowie eine gelbe hinten liegende Spitze der Afterflosse bei melanistischen Männchen; bei blassen Männchen und Weibchen hingegen rötliche Flecken auf Kopf und Rumpf und eine an der Basis gelbe Afterflosse. Außerdem wurde die Art für die Izu-oshuma-Insel und die Ostküste der Izu-Halbinsel durch Unterwasser-Fotos nachgewie-sen: Schließlich werden die Farbmuster und Variatio-nen in situ beschrieben und diskutiert. Résumé Enneapterygius senoui, une nouvelle espèce de petit Tripterygiidé, est décrit à partir de six spécimens collectés aux environs de l'île Hachijo-jima, des îles Izu et de l'île Chichijima, des îles Ogasawara, au Japon. Cette espèce se distingue de ses autres con-génères par la combinaison des caractères suivants: 14 ou 15 (généralement 15) rayons durs à la deux-ième dorsale; 20 ou 21 (21) écailles perforées sur la ligne latérale; 2 ou 2 1/2 (2 1/2) rangées d'écailles au-dessus de la dernière écaille perforée de la ligne latérale; 3 ou 4 (3) rangées d'écailles sous la pre-mière écaille cténoïde de la ligne latérale; 4-5+1-2+4-5 pores mandibulaires; excroissance nasale non ram-ifiée, plate, distalement large; une large bande blanche verticale sur le pédoncule caudal après la troisième dorsale, et des lignes bleues ou des taches sur la tête pour les deux sexes; les deux-tiers aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology A new species of triplefin (Perciformes: Tripterygiidae), Enneapterygius senoui, from Japan with a discussion of its in situ colour pattern Accepted: 11.04.2005 aqua vol. 10 no. 1-2005 5 antérieurs du corps et des nageoires, noirs, et l'ex-trémité postérieure de l'anale, jaune chez les mâles mélaniques, taches rougeâtres sur la tête et le corps, et anale jaune à la base pour les mâles et femelles claires. L'espèce est aussi relevée près de l'île Izu-oshima et sur la côte est de la péninsule d'Izu, sur base de photographies sous-marines. Le patron des couleurs et leurs variations in situ sont également décrits et commentés. Sommario Enneapterygius senoui, una nuova specie di tripte-rigide, è descritta sulla base di sei esemplari raccolti all'isola Hachijo-jima, Isole Izu, e all'isola Chichi-jima, delle Isole Ogasawara, Giappone. Questa specie si distingue dai suoi congeneri per la seguente combi-nazione di caratteri: 14 o 15 (moda 15) spine nella seconda pinna dorsale; 20 o 21 (21) scaglie porose della linea laterale; 17-19 (17) scaglie dentellate in linea laterale; 2 o 3 (2) file di scaglie sopra la prima scaglia porosa della linea laterale; 2 o 2 1/2 (2 1/2) file di scaglie sopra l'ultima scaglia porosa della linea lat-erale; 3 o 4 (3) file di scaglie sotto la prima scaglia dentellata della linea laterale; 4-5 + 1-2 + 4-5 pori mandibolari; tentacoli nasali non ramificati appiattiti, allargati distalmente; un'ampia banda verticale bianca sul peduncolo caudale dietro la terza pinna dorsale e linee blu o macchie sul capo in entrambi i sessi; due terzi anteriori del corpo e pinne neri, punta posteriore della pinna anale gialla in maschi melanistici; macchie rossastre sul capo e sul corpo e base della pinna anale gialla in maschi e femmine chiari. Sulla base di fotografie subacquee la specie è inoltre confermata all'isola Izu-oshima e sulla costa orientale della penisola Izu. Sono infine discusse variazioni in situ della colorazione.
... For locality nomenclature and GPS data see tables S1 & S2. Museum acronyms follow LEVITON et al. (1985). Voucher specimens were preserved following the Low Temperature Preservation Protocol (LTPP) as described in RÖMER & HAHN (2008). ...
The Iquitos Paleoarch is decisive for the restricted distribution of many Apistogramma species in the region. Distinguishing it from large parts of the Amazonian basin, only few seasonal rhythmic inundations trigger frequent isolation events and create a setting favourable for diversification and speciation. Iquitos, probably the fastest expanding city in Amazonia, is located within the Iquitos Paleoarch. Here local resource harvesting frequently leads to small-scale deforestation. Simultaneously, the forest plays a decisive role in the aquatic ecology of streams and ponds by regulating the temperature regime and providing dead plant material, resulting in low pH and conductivity levels, properties typical of blackwater. We conducted field measurements of water parameters in selected areas inhabited by Apistogramma atahualpa. Our results show that the temperature regime varies widely in streams and ponds, and temperature increases are especially abrupt at the transition from forested habitats to deforested, open areas. We elaborate how this effect of small-scale deforestation and associated temperature change can impact the breeding biology of A. atahualpa. Due to all Apistogramma species studied so far exhibiting temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) of offspring, we anticipate changes in population structure following such abrupt alterations in ecological conditions of aquatic habitats. Additional isolation events typical for this region may further impact populations and induce diversification. Our findings highlight the need for more detailed assessments of the impact of deforestation and other ecological alterations on blackwater habitats at small spatial scales, as they can pose a serious threat to many aquatic species.
... Because most of the sampled populations were from locations with low densities, the sample size was limited. Voucher specimens have been deposited in the following collections: SLU, IB-UNAM-P, TNHC, UABC, and UMMZ (collection codes follow Leviton and Gibbs 1988, except for UABC). Total genomic DNA was extracted using a phenol/ chloroform solution (Hillis et al. 1996). ...
In the remote high-elevation streams and rivers in the northwest of Mexico, there is an endemic and highly diverse group of native trout related to the rainbow trout lineage (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Currently, only two species have been formally described from this trout complex, the Mexican golden trout, O. chrysogaster, and the San Pedro Mártir rainbow trout, O. m. nelsoni, but only the former occurs in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO). South and north of the O. chrysogaster range, there are other undescribed trout that have been recently discovered. Given the various human impacts on aquatic systems occupied by these Mexican native trout, the lack of taxonomic descriptions and the imminent risk of losing populations without their even being documented, we sought to infer a hierarchical population structure of the Mexican native trout, determine the geographic patterns of genetic diversity and gene flow among them, and identify evolutionarily significant units for a prompt conservation strategy. The allelic diversity across eleven microsatellite loci was used to assess genetic divergences of wild trout collected throughout its range in Mexico. Our results reject the old hypothesis that many of the trout in Mexico are introduced or translocated hatchery-reared rainbow trout and strongly support the new hypothesis of distinct genetic populations and lineages in the northwest of Mexico. According to the different statistical analysis of the genetic data, we distinguish between species and subspecies (O. chrysogaster, O. mykiss, and O. m. nelsoni) of the other regional lineages of undescribed trout (northern and southern) inhabiting the SMO. We also found a strong genetic substructure within these large clusters. We propose the presence of seven Evolutionarily Significant Units in the drainage basins of the SMO (two occur in the northern region, four in the southern, and one for the area of distribution of O. chrysogaster) and one in north-western Baja California. Based in microsatellite data a minimum gene flow among populations is evidenced, resulting the presence the highly divergent populations.
... Studied specimens belong to the fish collection of National Zoological Museum, the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIZB) 34 ; with an appropriated request, the same fishes can be further studied. Blinded fish measurements were performed to further reduce any possible bias 35 . ...
Chinese cavefishes are a bizarre and interesting vertebrate taxa, but one with relatively little research. China holds the highest global cavefish diversity, accounting for about one-third of known species. Sinocyclocheilus is the largest genus of cavefishes in the world and is endemic to the south of China. The distribution of Sinocyclocheilus species is very narrow, and sometimes they inhabit just a single cave; this feature increases the vulnerability to extinction. With this study we provide the first comprehensive dataset related to the morphometrics of eight Sinocyclocheilus species. In addition to enhancing our knowledge on these poorly known species we aim to provide a dataset useful for future comparative analyses aiming to better understand the adaptive ability of cavefishes.
... 33); sin embargo, tal información no se presenta de modo formal y como se estipula en los cánones establecidos para este propósito (cf. Leviton et al., 1985). En consecuencia, no aportan la requerida para el estudio de los materiales ahí depositados, que son muy importantes para la realización de revisiones taxonómicas y estudios de tipo biogeográfico. ...
... Posteriormente se preservó en alcohol al 70%, se depositó en el laboratorio de ictiología del Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia (IUQ) y Museo Americano de Historia Natural, Nueva York, USA (AMNH). Las acronimias de los museos del material de comparación examinado siguen a Leviton et al. (1985) y el listado de la ASIH (disponible en línea; http://asih.org/curation); excepto el Laboratorio Ictiología de la Universidad del Quindío, Colombia (IUQ) e Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander Von Humboldt", Villa de Leyva, Colombia (IAvH). ...
... We examined all type specimens in the L. vittigera complex that were traceable in museum collections today. Museum abbreviations, where available, follow Leviton et al. (1985Leviton et al. ( , 1988 ...
We provide an integrative taxonomic analysis of the Lipinia vittigera species complex from mainland Southeast Asia. Based on examination of external morphology, color pattern, and 681 base pairs of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) mitochondrial gene, we demonstrate the presence of four morphologically distinct lineages of Lipinia in Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, and Malaysia, showing a sequence divergence ranging 15.5%–20.4%. All discovered lineages are discretely diagnosable from one another by a combination of scalation traits and color patterns. A review of the published distribution data and a re-examination of available type material revealed the following
(1) distribution of L. vittigera (Boulenger, 1894) sensu stricto is restricted to Sundaland and the Thai-Malay Peninsula south of the Isthmus of Kra; (2) L. microcercus (Boettger, 1901) stat. nov. is elevated to full species rank; the species has a wide distribution from central and southern Vietnam across Cambodia to eastern Thailand; we regard Lygosoma vittigerum kronfanum Smith, 1922 and Leiolopisma pranensis Cochran, 1930 as its junior synonyms; (3) Lipinia trivittata sp. nov. occurs in hilly areas of southern Vietnam, Cambodia, and eastern Thailand; and (4) Lipinia vassilievi sp. nov. is currently known only from a narrow area along the Vietnamese-Cambodian border in the foothills of the central Annamite Mountain Range. We further provide an identification key for Lipinia occurring in mainland Southeast Asia.
... For a list of comparative material examined see Appendix I. Acronyms for museum collections follow those of Leviton et al. (1985), except MNKR (Museo Noel Kempff Mercado reptile collection, Santa Cruz, Bolivia), JS (Javier Sunyer field numbers of Nicaraguan specimens that will be deposited in the herpetological collections of the Fundación del Río San Juan FUNDAR, Managua, Nicaragua) and ECU (that will be deposited in the herpetological collections of Universidad Politecnica, Quito, Ecuador). Additional data on the genus Clelia were taken from Franco et al. (1997), Morato et al. (2003), Reichle and Embert (2005), Scott et al. (2006), andZaher (1996); on the genus Xenopholis from Amaral (1923Amaral ( ,1926, Cunha et al. (1985), Jensen (1901), Lehr (2002), Schenkel (1902), Werner (1925), Pérez-Santos and Moreno (1988), and Wucherer (1862). ...
We describe a new species of Xenopholis from the Chiquitano Region in the eastern lowlands of Bolivia. The new species can be identified as member of the genus Xenopholis by its vertebral morphology. The new species differs from the other two species of Xenopholis in its unique, uniform dorsal color pattern. It further differs from X. scalaris by having two prefrontals and a narrow septum within each neural spine and perpendicular to its long axis. For X. scalaris we present new records from Bolivia, including the highest altitudinal record for the species and genus (Serranía Beu in the Pilón Lajas Reserve, Department of La Paz, 1500 m).
... Because types for several named taxa were unavailable, comparative materials were based on topotypes, which were available for all names. Institutional abbreviations follow Leviton et al. (1985). ...
Vaeanus indicus spinulosus Mertens was described from a single male specimen in 1941, and had not been collected again until 1989. Five new specimens, all female, two preserved and three alive, are described and compared with Varanus indicus. Based on distinctive morphology, this taxon is elevated to specific status as Varanus spinulosus comb. novo,
... Myological terminology follows Winterbotton (1974). Museum abbreviations follow Leviton et al. (1985). ...
Merodoras nheco, new genus and species of Doradidae (Siluriformes) is described from Rio Paraguay basin, Brazil. The new genus belongs to the new subfamily Astrodoradinae, a monophyletic group formally named herein that includes, besides Merodoras, Amblydoras, Anadoras, Astrodoras, Hypodoras, Physopyxis, and Scorpiodoras. This group is diagnosed by the possession of: lacrimal serrated and participating in the orbital margin, four to seven pleural ribs; spines on the postcleithral process; postero-inferior portion of the coracoid exposed. Merodoras nheco, new species, is distinguished from other doradids by the unique combination of the following characteristics: 1) tips of retrorse spines on the midlateral scutes ventrally oriented in adults; 2) incomplete lateral line, with only a few midlateral scutes anteriorly; 3) pectoral girdle entirely exposed ventrally, with the opening of the arrector ventralis inferior reduced to a small fossae on the anterior edge of the coracoid; 4) caudal fin truncate; 5) dorsal-fin spine smooth, without serrae on both faces; 5) lacrimal serrated; 6) lateral ethmoid serrated. Merodoras nheco inhabits the “Pantanal Matogrossense,” a flooded portion of the upper Rio Paraguay basin in western Brazil.
... Institutional abbreviations are as listed in Leviton et al. (1985) and Leviton and Gibbs (1988). Character data sets and methods of phylogenetic inference were used as described in Ř íčan and Kullander (2006). ...
Australoheros Ř íčan and Kullander, 2006 includes four described species—Australoheros facetus (Jenyns, 1842), Australoheros tembe (Casciotta, Gómez & Toresani, 1995), Australoheros scitulus (Říčan & Kullander, 2003) and Australoheros kaaygua Casciotta, Almirón & Gómez, 2006. Four additional species are newly described in this paper based on results presented in Ř íčan and Kullander (2006): Australoheros forquilha sp. nov., from the tributaries of the Upper Río Uruguay in Brazil; Australoheros charrua sp. nov. and Australoheros minuano sp. nov., from the tributaries of the Middle Río Uruguay in Brazil and Uruguay, and Australoheros guarani sp. nov. from the Río Paraná tributaries in Paraguay. Sympatric species are not found closely related and all sister species have allopatric distributions. Four species groups are recognized based on phylogenetic hypotheses generated from morphological and cyt b characters; the forquilha group—A. forquilha, A. tembe; the scitulus group—A. scitulus, A. charrua; the kaaygua group—A. kaaygua, A. minuano; and the facetus group—A. facetus, A. guarani.
... Other sources of information on character states of congeneric species of Eutropis (as Mabuya) include: Boulenger (1887), Das (2002), Das and de Silva (2005), Deraniyagala (1953), Inger et al. (1984), Sharma (1971;1973), Smith (1935), Talukdar et al. (1978), and Taylor (1950;1963). Institutional abbreviations follow Leviton et al. (1985;1988), RMNP to the zoological collection of the Royal Manas National Park, Gelephu, Bhutan. In addition, ID, AdS, and CCA refer to the authors' field numbers: AMB, that of Aaron M. Bauer. ...
A new species of lygosomine scincid lizard of the genus Eutropis is described from the dry and intermediate zones of the lowlands (0–190 m asl) of Sri Lanka. Eutropis tammanna sp. nov. is compared with congeners from Sri Lanka and those from southern Peninsular India, and is diagnosable by molecular data and by the following combination of morphological characters: body size small, up to 52.3 mm; transparent window-like disk absent on lower eyelids; prefrontals in broad contact; a single pair of nuchals; postnasal absent; ear opening larger than adjacent scales; dorsal scales with 6–7 keels; midbody scale rows 28–29; paravertebral scale rows 37–40; ventral scales 41–48; lamellae under fourth toe 15– 16; dark labial bars present in both sexes, which are more distinct in males; dark postocular stripe absent; males brown on dorsum, with dark flanks speckled with cream; females similar to males, the pattern less contrasting, lacking paired series of black markings, pale vertebral stripes or dark longitudinal stripes on dorsum. In addition, the rostral, labials, and gular region of presumed breeding males are bright flame scarlet.
... To facilitate comparison with the original descriptions of the other species of Cordylancistrus we include some additional morphometric data: Mandibular ramus length in interorbital width (IOW/MRL); Interorbital width in head length (HL/IOW); Orbital diameter in interorbital width (IOW/ OD); Orbital diameter in head length (HL/OD). Institutional abbreviations are as listed in Leviton et al. (1985). Diagnosis. ...
A new species of suckermouth armored catfish, Cordylancistrus nephelion, is described from seven specimens collected in tributaries of the Tuy River in the Caribbean Sea basin of north-central Venezuela. Cordylancistrus nephelion can be distinguished from the other species assigned to its genus by its unique color pattern, the head and body being marked with irregular white spots. Cordylancistrus nephelion is the third species of the genus described from Venezuela: Cordylancistrus torbesensis (Schultz 1944) from the Mérida mountain range (Cordillera de Mérida), Orinoco River basin; C. perijae Pérez and Provenzano 1996 from Perijá mountain range (Sierra de Perijá), Maracaibo Lake basin; and now C. nephelion from the La Costa mountain range (Cordillera de La Costa). These three species inhabit isolated foothill rivers and have very restricted geographic distributions. The extreme alteration of the Tuy River basin by humans may threaten Cordylancistrus nephelion and the other fish species endemic to the basin with extinction. An artificial key for the species assigned to the genus Cordylancistrus is presented.
... The following comparative materials have been included in this study (values after catalog number indicate number of specimens examined and do not necessarily correspond to the total number of specimens in the lot; C&S indicates cleared-and-stained preparation and SL indicates standard length. Institutional abbreviations follow Leviton et al. (1985). ...
A new dwarf alestid from the vicinity of Inga on the lower Congo River, Bas Congo Province, Democratic Republic of Congo is described. Assignment of the new taxon to the poorly defined genus, Micralestes, is discussed and justified on the basis of available morphological character data. With the recognition of Micralestes schelly sp. nov., a total of six Micralestes are now known to inhabit the 350 km stretch of the Congo River from Pool Malebo to Boma near the river’s estuary. These are Micralestes acutidens (Peters, 1852), Micralestes humilis Boulenger, 1899, Micralestes lualabae Poll, 1967, Micralestes holargyreus (Günther, 1873), Micralestes stormsi Boulenger, 1902, and the new species Micralestes schelly. Of these Micralestes schelly and Micralestes holargyreus are considered herein as restricted-range endemics of the lower Congo River. An illustrated key to Micralestes of the lower Congo River is provided.
... GenBank accession numbers with asterisks were not generated by the authors. Institutional acronyms follow Leviton et al. (1985), and Leviton & Gibbs (1988) ...
We describe a new species of giant spitting cobra, Naja ashei sp. nov., from eastern and north-eastern Africa. The species was previously regarded as a colour phase of the black-necked spitting cobra, N. nigricollis. However, mtDNA sequence data show it to be more closely related to N. mossambica than N. nigricollis. The new species is diagnosable from all other African spitting cobras by the possession of a unique clade of mtDNA haplotypes and a combination of colour pattern and scalation characteristics. Its distribution includes the dry lowlands of northern and eastern Kenya, north-eastern Uganda, southern Ethiopia and southern Somalia.
... Institutional abbreviations follow Leviton et al. (1985) and Leviton & Gibbs (1988), except for Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates (CUMV), Georgia Museum of Natural History (GMNH) and St. Louis University (STL). Type material of the three species of Percina described herein is deposited in the following institutions: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP); Auburn University Museum (AUM); Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates (CUMV); Georgia Museum of Natural History (GMNH); North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences (NCSM); Tulane University (TU); University of Alabama Ichthyological Collection (UAIC); Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida (UF); University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ); National Museum of Natural History (USNM); and University of Tennessee (UT). ...
Three new species of Percina are described from upland drainages of the Mobile Basin. Two of the three species are narrowly distributed: P. kusha, the Bridled Darter, is currently known only from the Conasauga River drainage in Georgia and Tennessee and Etowah River drainage in Georgia, both tributaries of the Coosa River, and P. sipsi, the Bankhead Darter, which is restricted to tributaries of Sipsey Fork of the Black Warrior River in northwestern Alabama. The third species, P. smithvanizi, the Muscadine Darter, occurs above the Fall Line in the Tallapoosa River drainage in eastern Alabama and western Georgia. In a molecular analysis using mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence data, P. kusha and P. smithvanizi were recovered as sister species, while Percina sipsi was recovered in a clade consisting of P. aurolineata (P. sciera + P. sipsi). Two of the three species, P. kusha and P. sipsi, are considered to be imperiled species and are in need of conservation actions to prevent their extinction. Description of these three darters increases the number of described species of Percina to 44. Sixteen are known to occur in the Mobile Basin, including nine that are endemic.
... Specimens were cleared and stained according to the methods of Taylor and Van Dyke (1985). Institutional abbreviations are as in Leviton et al. (1985). Names of skeletal characteristics are as in Schaefer (1987) and of plate rows as in Schaefer (1997). ...
Hypostomus rhantos is described for a uniquely pigmented species of loricariid catfish from the upper Río Orinoco of Amazonas, Venezuela. Hypostomus rhantos can be separated from all other Hypostomus except H. micromaculatus by having its head and dorsal and lateral surfaces of body densely covered in very small spots (greater than 15 spots on the first plate in the dorsal series of specimens less than 100 mm SL vs. less than 10; greater than 30 spots in specimens greater than 100 mm SL vs. less than 15). The new species is distinguished from H. micromaculatus by having round spots (vs. longitudinally oval) that are unordered (vs. in longitudinal lines), by having well-developed keels on the lateral plates (vs. keels weak), by the presence of a ridge on the pterotic that is contiguous with the supraorbital ridge (vs. pterotic ridge absent), and by having the abdomen fully plated (vs. partially plated or naked).
... Standard length and head length are expressed throughout as SL and HL, respectively. Institutional abbreviations fo11ow Leviton et al. (1985). The generic arrangement used here follows Eschmeyer (1997 (Eschmeyer 1997 (Fig. 4B). ...
Eighteen specimens of the helmet gurnard, Dactyloptena tiltoni Eschmeyer, 1997, collected from Tosa Bay, represent the first record of the species from Japan. A redescription of the species is given. Most specimens from Tosa Bay are larger than the types. The lateral line condition, including tubules covered by body scales, and fresh coloration are described for the first time.
... Standard length is expressed as SL. Institutional abbreviations fo11ow Leviton et al. (1985) (Table 2), they agreed well with the original description in all other characters. We therefore recognize no significant diiEferences among the populations from Australia, the Philippines, and Japan. ...
Synagrops serratospinosus, previously known from the Philippines and Japan, is recorded from Australia for the first time based on 20 specimens from the Northwest Shelf and the Coral Sea. The Australian specimens differ from the Philippine specimens in having a modally higher number of gill rakers on the lower arm of the first gill arch.
... Definitions for scale counts and body patterns follow Lobo and Espinoza (1999), and nomenclature for neck folds follows Frost (1992). Institutional abbreviations follow Leviton et al., (1985), except the following acronyms: MCN: Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Univeridad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina; MZUC: Museo de Zoología de la Universidad de Concepció n, Concepció n, Chile; UNMdP: Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina; REE: Richard E. Etheridge collection; UNRC: Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina. ...
... Fishes were cataloged in the Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, the Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China (KIZ) and in the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA (CAS). Symbolic codes for institutions are those given by Leviton et al. (1985). Some comparative specimens were kept in the Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute (SEABRI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar. ...
A new species of the sisorid catfish genus Exostoma Blyth, 1860 was collected from two hill-stream tributaries of the Nujiang (Salween River) drainage in Gaoligong Mountain, south-western Yunnan Province, China from 2003 to 2006 and from two tributaries of the Salween River in Cangyuan County, Lingcang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China (in 2007) and in Yongde County, Lingcang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China (in 2015). Exostoma gaoligongensesp. nov. is the 10th species of the genus and is most similar to E. vinciguerrae in morphology but can be distinguished by pelvic fin reaching anus vs. not reaching; maxillary barbels just reaching or slightly surpassing pectoral-fin origin vs. surpassing pectoral-fin origin or even reaching posterior end of gill membrane; abdominal vertebrae 23-25 vs. 25-27; length of dorsal fin/dorsal to adipose distance 90.3%-287.0% vs. 59.2-85.7. A key to Exostoma spp. is provided.
... Total scale-row counts along a diagonal to the anal fin were useful and are used for this species. Institutional abbreviations follow Leviton ct al. ( 1 985) and Leviton and Gibbs (1988 Teeth small but relatively stout, in narrow bands in both jaws; about 3 or 4 teeth wide near symphysis in tipper jaw, narrowing to 2 rows and then I row at extreme posterior end; outer series slightly larger than inner series. Lower jaw in 3 irregular scries at symphysis, narrowing rapidly to 2 rows, continuing well posterior to end of rictus; inner series slightly larger than outerseries. ...
... The identification key is based onPoss & Eschmeyer (1975), but updated according to subsequent findings. Institutional acronyms are quoted according toLeviton et al. (1985); the fish collection of the National Taiwan University Museum, Taipei is abbreviated as NTUM.of Ocosia with dorsal-fin elements XIV, 8 (last ray divided), anal-fin elements III, 7 (last ray divided); 13 pectoral-fin rays; 3+8=11 gill rakers (some rudimentary); 5 preopercular spines; 26–27 lateralline scales; second and third dorsal-fin spines not markedly elongate relative to succeeding spines; membranes of mid-spinous portion of dorsal fin incised for one-fourth to one-third of length of succeeding spine; origin of dorsal fin at or about level of middle of eye; first lachrymal spine about one-third length of second spine, pointing downward and out rather than back; minute stubby papillae confined to anteriormost part of premaxillary or absent.weak ...
The tetrarogid waspfish Ocosia sphex n. sp. is described on the basis of a single specimen that was trawled from a steep rocky slope with gorgonian corals in 155–120 m depth at New Hanover, Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. It is characterized by 14 spines and 8 soft rays in the dorsal fin, the last ray divided; 3 spines and 6 soft rays in the anal fin, the last ray divided; 13 pectoral-fin rays; 3+8=11 gill rakers (some rudimentary); 5 preopercular spines; 26–27 lateral-line scales; the second and third dorsal-fin spines not markedly elongate relative to succeeding spines; the membranes of the mid-spinous portion of the dorsal fin incised for one-fourth to one-third of length of the succeeding spine; the origin of the dorsal fin at or about the level of the middle of the eye; the first lachrymal spine about one-third the length of the second spine, pointing downward and out rather than back; and minute stubby papillae confined to the anteriormost part of premaxillary or absent. A key to the eight known species of Ocosia is presented.
The original description of Natrix leonardi (currently Rhabdophis leonardi) by Frank Wall in 1923, based on a specimen from the “Upper Burma Hills,” lacked important morphological details that have complicated the assignment of recently collected material. Furthermore, although the holotype was never lost, its location has been misreported in one important taxonomic reference, leading to further confusion. We report the correct repository of the holotype (Natural History Museum, London), together with its current catalog number. We also describe key features of that specimen that were omitted from the original description, and provide new details on the morphology of the species, including sexual dichromatism unusual for the genus, based upon specimens from southern Sichuan, China. Rhabdophis leonardi is distinguished from its congeners by the following characters: 15 or 17 DSR at midbody and 6 supralabials; distinct annulus around the neck, broad and red in males, and narrow and orange with a black border in females; dorsal ground color light green or olive; some lateral and dorsal scales possessing black edges, the frequency of black edges gradually increasing from anterior to posterior, forming irregular and ill-defined transverse black bands; eye with prominent green iris; black ventral spots with a red edge, most numerous at midbody but extending halfway down the length of the tail. In southwestern China, this species is frequently found at 1730–2230 m elevation. It has been documented to prey upon anuran amphibians, including toads. A recently published phylogenetic analysis showed this species to be deeply nested with the genus Rhabdophis, as a member of the R. nuchalis Group. That analysis also revealed the existence of two closely related but geographically distinct subclades in the molecular analysis, one of which may represent an unnamed taxon.
A specimen of Hemidactylus stejnegeri, a triploid parthenogenetic gecko recently described from Taiwan, was collected from the northern part of Luzon Island. This is the first record of this species from outside Taiwan. Morphological and karyological characters of the present specimen are compared with those of Taiwanese populations. Records of the Hemidactylus garnotii-vietnamensis complex from the Philippines are reviewed and discussed.
The genus Eunectes Wagler, 1830 is divided into four nominal species: E. murinus (Linnaeus, 1758), E. notaeus Cope, 1862, E. deschauenseei Dunn and Conant, 1936, and E. beniensis Dirksen, 2002 ( E. barbouri Dunn and Conant, 1936 being a synonym of E. murinus ). We analyze multivariate morphological traits (scalation, coloration pattern, and body shape), sequences of one mitochondrial and five nuclear genes, and genetic patterns of randomly amplified DNA (RAPD) markers of historical geographical samples representing all known taxa. We show that the genus consists of two distinct evolutionary lineages, ‘big-bodied’ (only E. murinus ) and ‘small-bodied’ anacondas. The latter group includes three morphologically distinct allopatric forms, E. notaeus , E. deschauenseei , and E. beniensis . Both phenotypically and genotypically, E. beniensis is more distant from E. notaeus and E. deschauenseei than the two latter species are from each other. However, the three nominal species of small-bodied anacondas did not show clear reciprocal monophyly and did not reach the stage of complete lineage sorting. Instead, genetic data support the presence of three incipient species of small-bodied anacondas.
Abstract.—With this analysis, we update the state of knowledge on the species richness, distribution, and conservation status of the turtles of Colombia, both at the national level and regionally within Colombia by hydrological drainages and geopolitical distribution units (departments). The richness patterns and conservation status are analyzed at taxonomic and geographic levels, and the implications of the description of new species on our knowledge of their distribution and conservation status in the country are discussed. Finally, annotations are given on the turtle species that have been introduced into Colombia, translocated within the country, erroneously
reported, or deemed to be taxonomically invalid. Our conservative analysis in terms of richness (based upon validated occurrence records) confirms that there are 33 species and two subspecies of turtles in Colombia, of which five are sea turtles and 28 are tortoises or freshwater turtle species. Colombia has 17 genera of chelonians
in nine families, so it is second behind Brazil in terms of the number of extant species in South America. The proportion of threatened species in Colombia exceeds 43%, and the threatened species are not evenly distributed among higher taxa or regions. Commonalities were found in the national conservation status assessments for most of the turtle species shared among the five most species-rich countries in South America, including sea turtles and podocnemidids (except for the podocnemidids in Brazil). /
Resumen.—En este análisis actualizamos el estado de conocimiento sobre la riqueza de especies, distribución y estado de conservación de las tortugas de Colombia, tanto a nivel nacional, como por cuencas hidrológicas y por distribución geopolítica (departamentos). Analizamos los patrones de riqueza y conservación a nivel taxonómico y geográfico, y discutimos las implicaciones de la descripción de especies nuevas en el conocimiento de su distribución y conservación en el país. Finalmente, hacemos anotaciones sobre las especies de tortugas introducidas, traslocadas a nivel nacional, erróneamente reportadas, o consideradas taxonomicamente
inválidas. Nuestro análisis conservador a nivel de riqueza de especies (basados en registros de ocurrencia validados) confirma que en Colombia ocurren 33 especies y dos subespecies de tortuga, de las cuales cinco son marinas y 28 son terrestres o de agua dulce. Colombia cuenta con nueve familias de quelonios, 17 géneros y es segundo en Suramérica después de Brasil en términos del número de especies vivientes. La proporción de especies amenazadas en Colombia excede el 43% y no se distribuye equitativamente por familia o por regiones. Encontramos similitudes en las evaluaciones nacionales de los estados de conservación para la mayoría de las especies de tortugas compartidas entre los cinco países de mayor riqueza del orden en Suramérica, incluyendo a las tortugas marinas y los podocnemididos (con la excepción de los podocnemididos de Brasil). http://amphibian-reptile-conservation.org/pdfs/Volume/Vol_16_no_1/ARC_16_1_[General_Section]_106-135_e306.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2QGSvOWEdVEgc3VXOS2m-eteq3ZOuWDiH1F8H4XbmecGAw86uaBYKSItc
Nonparasitic lamprey found in the Beli Drim River basin (Drin River drainage, Adriatic Sea watershed) represents a valid species Eudontomyzon stankokaramani Karaman, 1974. From other species of the genus Eudontomyzon it differs in its dentition, and the number and form of velar tentacles. This is the first Eudontomyzon species found in the Adriatic Sea watershed.
A new species belonging to the pinguipedid genus Parapercis is described herein from a single specimen collected via a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) from rariphotic depths in the Western Province of the Solomon Islands. Parapercis rota, new species, is readily distinguished from all other congeners by a unique pigmentation pattern comprising four large, rounded, orangish-olive saddles dorsally on the flank, each with a distinct, large, dorsomedial white spot completely enclosed within the saddles, plus a fifth saddle on the caudal peduncle with only a small white dorsomedial dot; 10 discrete broad, dark orangish-olive oval vertical bars below the lateral midline; a single row of dark spots on the soft dorsal fin; caudal fin lined dorsally and ventrally with stripes of yellowish-olive pigmentation extending the length of the fin; and two prominent dark brown to black spots at the caudal-fin base. ROV-based collecting systems are a promising and relatively affordable technology for studying ichthyological diversity on deeper reef habitats, particularly those beyond the reach of technical SCUBA. The discovery and description of P. rota adds to the growing number of Parapercis species that are known to occur in mesophotic and deeper waters.
Nonparasitic lamprey found in the Beli Drim River basin (Drin River drainage. Adriatic Sea watershed) represents a valid species Eudontomyzon stankokaramani Karaman, 1974. From other species of the genus Eudontomyzon it differs in its dentition. and the number and form of velar tentacles. This is the first Eudontomyzon species found in the Adriatic Sea watershed.
Biofluorescence has recently been reported to be phylogenetically widespread and phenotypically variable across bony fishes, and is most common in tropical coral reef lineages. Here we provide the first documentation of prominent biofluorescence in Arctic fishes including two juvenile specimens of Liparis gibbus (variegated snailfish) collected from the coastal waters of Eastern Greenland, as well as an adult L. tunicatus (kelp snailfish) collected in the Bering Strait off of Little Diomede Island, AK. Observations of L. gibbus were made during nighttime dives within kelp forests in iceberg habitats in Southeastern Greenland in August 2019. The juvenile L. gibbus specimens exhibit both green (523–530 nm) and red (674–678 nm) biofluorescence on discrete anatomical areas, which provides a rare example of multiple fluorescent colors emitted from a single individual. Notably, the adult L. tunicatus emitted only red fluorescence in a bilaterally symmetrical pattern of discrete red dots and blotches. Potential weak green biofluorescence was also noted in a flatfish (Hippoglossoides platessoides) collected in Greenland, but in no other Arctic species. As the distribution and function of biofluorescence in marine fishes is further examined, this report adds context to its widespread geographical and environmental distributions, and shows that, although rare, biofluorescence does occur in Arctic fish lineages.
Kraits of the genus Bungarus Daudin 1803 are widely known venomous snakes distributed from Iran to China and Indonesia. Here, we use a combination of mitochondrial DNA sequence data and morphological data to describe a new species from Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, China: Bungarus suzhenae sp. nov . Phylogenetically, this species forms a monophyletic lineage sister to the Bungarus candidus / multicinctus / wanghaotingi complex based on cyt b and ND4 genes but forms a sister species pair with the species B. magnimaculatus Wall & Evans, 1901 based on COI gene fragments. Morphologically, B. suzhenae sp. nov . is similar to the B. candidus / multicinctus / wanghaotingi complex but differs from these taxa by a combination of dental morphology, squamation, coloration pattern, as well as hemipenial morphology. A detailed description of the cranial osteology of the new species is given based on micro-CT tomography images. We revised the morphological characters of B. candidus / multicinctus / wanghaotingi complex and verified the validity of three species in this complex. The distribution of these species was revised; the records of B. candidus in China should be attributed to B. wanghaotingi . We also provide an updated key to species of Bungarus .
The genus Microphysogobio was established by Mori [Mori, T. (1934). The fresh water fishes of Jehol. In Report of the first scientific expedition to Manchoukuo. 1: pp. 1–61] based on a single specimen (Microphysogobio hsinglungshanensis) collected in the Luanhe River basin, Xinglong County, Hebei Province, China. Because the genus characteristics were derived from its type species, M. hsinglungshanensis, the detailed description is essential. In addition, to distinguish M. hsinglungshanensis and Microphysogobio chinssuensis, the description based on holotype and more specimens is needed. M. hsinglungshanensis can be distinguished from all other congeners by the following combination of characters: mouth shallow arc shaped and inferior; medial pad on lower lip inverted trapezoid and usually grooved; barbel short, 6.9%–14.3% in head length; lateral‐line scales 38–39; ventral region between pectoral‐fin origin and pelvic‐fin origin scaleless; scales above lateral line 4–4.5; predorsal scales 10–11; vertebrae 4 + 32 – 34; caudal‐fin membrane with two or three rows of irregular black spots. The characteristics of this genus were redefined based on M. hsinglungshanensis in this study.
de Carvalho MR., Faro C. and Gomes UL. 2010. Comparative neurocranial morphology of angelsharks from the south‐western Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii, Squatinidae): implications for taxonomy and phylogeny. —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 00:1–13
Neurocrania of three species of angelsharks from the south‐western Atlantic Ocean, occurring off south‐eastern and southern Brazil, are described. A detailed morphological description is provided of the neurocranium of Squatina guggenheim and compared with S. argentina and S. occulta. Despite being generally conservative, the neurocranium of Squatina presents significant differences among these species which aid in their identification, which is otherwise problematical. The main distinctions were found in rostral projections, anterior fontanellae, supraorbital crests, upper and lower postorbital processes, otic capsules, suborbital crests, and pterotic processes. Squatina guggenheim and S. occulta share more neurocranial characters when compared to S. argentina. No basal angle was found, but we confirm the presence of a very much reduced and barely noticeable basioccipital fovea in Squatina; systematic implications within elasmobranchs of these and other features are discussed.
A new subspecies of Doctor Fish of the genus Garra (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Wadi Qana Nature Reserve springs and pools, Salfit Governorate, State of Palestine is described. This subspecies is distinguished from the other six freshwater subspecies of Garra rufa living in the Middle East by its distinctive body colouration and the smaller size. It is morphologically and geographically distinct from the other six subspecies. The new subspecies was named Garra rufa wadiqana Khalaf, 2013.
Reference: Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2013). Garra rufa wadiqana Khalaf, 2013: A New Freshwater Doctor Fish Subspecies from Wadi Qana Nature Reserve, Salfit Governorate, State of Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 31, Number 103, July 2013, Ramadan 1434 AH. pp. 1-25. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://palestine-fishes.webs.com/palestine-doctor-fish
Published by the British Herpetological Society The genus Liolaemus includes 268 species, classified in two subgenera, Eulaemus and Liolaemus sensu stricto. The latter is formed by 12 monophyletic groups; one of them being the Liolaemus elongatus group, distributed in South America. We studied the biogeographic history of the L. elongatus group. We obtained a phylogenetic hypothesis recovering five main clades: the L. punmahuida, L. elongatus sensu stricto, L. kriegi, L. petrophilus and L. capillitas clades. Based on that hypothesis we obtained a time calibrated tree. The ancestral ranges were estimated applying three methodologies: DEC, DEC+j (using predefined areas) and GEM (using explicit geographical data). Our results show that the ancestral area of the L. elongatus group was located in central Argentina, and its divergence began around 11.5 Mya. From here, a combination of events (founder events and/or vicariances) led the species to their current distribution. Despite their differences, DEC+j and GEM show congruent results.
The genus Liolaemus includes 268 species, classified in two subgenera, Eulaemus and Liolaemus sensu stricto. The latter is formed by 12 monophyletic groups; one of them being the Liolaemus elongatus group, distributed in South America. We studied the biogeographic history of the L. elongatus group. We obtained a phylogenetic hypothesis recovering five main clades: the L. punmahuida, L. elongatus sensu stricto, L. kriegi, L. petrophilus and L. capillitas clades. Based on that hypothesis we obtained a time calibrated tree. The ancestral ranges were estimated applying three methodologies: DEC, DEC+j (using predefined areas) and GEM (using explicit geographical data). Our results show that the ancestral area of the L. elongatus group was located in central Argentina, and its divergence began around 11.5 Mya. From here, a combination of events (founder events and/or vicariances) led the species to their current distribution. Despite their differences, DEC+j and GEM show congruent results.
A new loach Oreonectes guilinensis sp. nov. is described from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. It is the second surface‐dwelling fish identified in the genus Oreonectes after the type species Oreonectes platycephalus. This new species can be distinguished from other species within the genus by the combination of the following features: a round caudal fin, 13–14 branched rays, an incomplete lateral line with 4–6 pores, a short pelvic fin located some distance from the anus, a scale‐covered body, a stout build (body width 14.0%–16.7% of standard length), a posterior chamber of well‐developed airbladder and a yellowish‐brown body with a lateral dark brown strip. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis based on cytb gene recovered this new species in a well‐supported clade with the type species O. platycephalus, sister to the Lefua clade. Morphological comparisons as well as our phylogenetic tree support Oreonectes shuilongensis, Oreonectes daqikongensis, Oreonectes jiarongensis as species of Troglonectes. Based on our results there are 6 valid species in the genus Oreonectes.
We redescribe Liolaemus bibronii and describe three new species of Liolaemus, a genus of lizards distributed across South America. These species belong to the L. alticolor–bibronii group, which are included in the subgenus Liolaemus s.s. Liolaemus bibronii was previously proposed as a species complex, but many populations initially assigned to this complex were described as valid species. The three new species described here were populations denominated under L. bibronii. In order to validate the new species, we apply an integrative approach, including molecular and morphological evidence. Also, we perform phylogenetic analyses applying parsimony and Bayesian inference. The three new species described here show a set of character states that allow them to be distinguished from L. bibronii, from each other and from all other species of Liolaemus. Our phylogenies show that the newly described species are more related to other species than to L. bibronii. With this study, we are closer to solving the taxonomic puzzle that L. bibronii represents.
The Socotra Archipelago, located in the eastern Gulf of Aden, has a unique marine environment which combines tropical and ‘pseudo-temperate’ elements. Studies on the fish biogeography of the archipelago, partially framed in regional studies, have substantially outpaced critical elementary research on the archipelago’s fish diversity. The present study seeks to close this gap and identifies the Socotra Archipelago as a major hotspot of coastal fish diversity in the Indian Ocean.
The archipelago supports unique coastal fish assemblages which are predominantly composed of coral-associated (“reef”) species, in spite of the limited biogenic reef frameworks. A Preliminary Checklist comprises 682 species with confirmed records and a “Working List” includes an additional 51 records, totalling 733 faunal records in 108 families. The family Labridae is the most speciose, followed by Gobiidae, Pomacentridae, Serranidae and Chaetodontidae. The species richness of the archipelago is the highest when compared to adjacent Arabian ecoregions. The richness of the Acanthuridae, Chaetodontidae, Labridae, Pomacentridae and Pseudochromidae stand out as particularily high, and the richness of several families is as high as or higher than in the entire Red Sea. The total archipelagic richness is extrapolated at up to 875 species based on incidence-based richness models and expert opinion. Inshore fish inventories, covering 497 species, found between 14 and 132 species per site (x̄ = 66). Site diversity decreased across the archipelago from west to east and from north to south. Total fish diversity was highest around Socotra Island, followed by Abd al-Kuri & Kal Farun and Darsa & Samha. Occurrence frequencies were very unevenly distributed and dominated by Pomacentrus caeruleus and Thalassoma lunare, whilst many species were infrequent. The fish assemblages are dominated by species from the Indo-West Pacific and the north-western Indian Ocean. The assemblages are rich in rare species and hybrids, and include a low
number of endemics (4–5), and a high number of species with far-reaching and Western Indian Ocean ranges.
Pseudopaludicola are small diurnal leiuperid frogs that are recognized by a hemispherical
tubercle on their forearms. Members of this genus are broadly distributed over northern and central South
America with 12 species currently recognized. Pseudopaludicola mirandae was described from six
individuals and discriminated from Pseudopaludicola boliviana based solely on putative differences in
head width. We reexamined the type series of P. mirandae and a large series (including topotypes) of P.
boliviana. We show broadly overlapping ranges in the ratio of head length/width between P. boliviana and
P. mirandae. Also, both taxa share a character state (a tubercle on the heel) that was previously considered
autapomorphic for P. boliviana. Additionally, we document a number of omissions and errors in the original
description of P. mirandae including comparisons with P. boliviana. Our analyses provide evidence
suggesting that P. mirandae is a junior synonym of P. boliviana.
Six specimens of the pinguipedid fish Parapercis xanthozona (Bleeker, 1849) were collected from Amami-Oshima Island of the Ryukyu Islands in 1991 and 1994. This represents the first reliable record of the species from Japan. It is concluded that Percis pleurostigma Sauvage, 1891, which had been considered conspecific with P. xanthozona, is a junior synonym of Parapercis punctulata (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829). We concur with synonymizing Parapercis dorsonebulosa Martin and Montalban, 1935 with P. xanthozona ; this synonymy has been overlooked since 1951.
The phylogenetic relationships of the superfamily Scorpaenoidea are reconstructed cladistically, based on specimens belonging to 18 families, 59 genera, and 86 species, by using osteological and myological characters recognized in 111 transformation series. The following relationships are inferred: (1) the former Scorpaenoidei is paraphyletic; (2) the family Sebastidae is not monophyletic, most of the genera included having initially branched off other ingroup taxa; (3) the family Setarchidae and Trachyscorpia have a sister relationship, being nested within the paraphyletic Scorpaenidae; and (4) the family Neosebastidae is the sister group of the former Platycephaloidei. In conclusion, the Scorpaenoidea is reclassified into 20 families, accepting several redefined taxa, such as the Sebastidae, Sebastolobidae, and Scorpaenidae.
The genus Sunagocia is established as a replacement name for the platycephalid fish genus Eurycephalus Imamura, 1996, which is preoccupied by the cerambycid beetle genus Eurycephalus Gray in Cuvier and Griffith, 1832. The genus currently contains three valid species : S. arenicola (Schultz, 1966), comb, nov., S. carbunculus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833), comb, nov., and S. otaitensis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829), comb. nov. It is confirmed that Cuvier satisfied the nomenclatural requirements for availability of this last species, although several investigators have attributed the name to Parkinson, who made the unpublished drawing of S. otaitensis used in its original description and named the species. Two measurements, of head length and especially interorbital width, are helpful in distinguishing S. carbunculus, S. arenicola, and S. otaitensis from each other.
Peristedion picturatum McCulloch, 1926 (family Peristediidae) was distinguished from P. liorhynchus (Gunther, 1872) by a single character, the presence of two bony plates between the anus and first anal ray (vs. three in P. liorhynchus). Our examination of the holotype of P. liorhynchus revealed that it also actually has just two bony plates there, not three. Based on a comparison of the holotype and other material of P. picturatum with the holotype of P. liorhynchus, we conclude that P. picturatum is a junior synonym of P. liorhynchus.
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