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Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013 • Räsänen 139
A review of Taraxacum (Asteraceae) in eastern Finland
(Ladoga Karelia and North Karelia)
Juhani Räsänen
Räsänen, J., Pajutie 1 B 4, Linnunlahti, FI-80110 Joensuu, Finland. E-mail: juhanimr@elisanet.
Little is known about changes in the abundance and species composition of dandelions (Taraxa-
cum) in Finland. However, Eastern Finland, the biogeographical provinces of Karelia ladogensis
and Karelia borealis, has been explored again since 1985. Carl-Erik Sonck collected dandelions
there mainly in the 1940s and published his results later (Sonch 1964a). The comparison revealed
that changes were considerable over this 60-year period. Species of the section Taraxacum had
become more frequent, while those of the sections Borea and Erythrosperma had declined. After
Sonck, 88 species were found to be new to North Karelia and 24 to Ladoga Karelia. Respectively,
16 and 33 species were not re-discovered in these provinces. The gures are approximate, particu-
larly concerning Karelia ladogensis, because a larger part of this province has not been studied
since 1945 when most of its territory was ceded to the former Soviet Union.
Introduction
Earlier information on the dandelions of east-
ern Finland is from a few areas only. The vicini-
ty of Lieksa (Karelia borealis) is the best studied,
thanks to Carl Erik Sonck (1905–2004); other-
wise only scarce data are available, mainly from
the collections of Sonck and Gunnar Marklund.
The most extensive material from Karelia lado-
gensis is from Sortavala, in present-day Russia.
Some specimens were collected from the Finnish
part of that biogeographical province (Fig. 1, lat-
er in the text just province), mainly by B. Petters-
son and C.-F. Lundevall after the Second World
War. Savonia borealis is represented by herbari-
um specimens from some districts only. Heikki-
nen collected many samples from Kainuu (Kn),
Kajaani and Hyrynsalmi; otherwise collections
are scarce.
This paper deals with the species composi-
tion and distribution of Taraxacum in the Finn-
ish provinces of Karelia borealis, (Kb) and Ka-
relia ladogensis (Kl/Fin). In addition to histor-
ical records, I present my own observations on
the less frequent species. Data from neighbour-
ing provines Sa, Sb and Ok (Fig. 1) is given also.
Concerning Ladoga Karelia, only the Finnish part
of its historical territory is dealt with, because
most of this territory was ceded to the former So-
viet Union in 1945 (Kl/Rus). Old observations
from the present-day Russian territory (Kl/Rus)
are mentioned as exceptions.
Materials and methods
The most important sources for this research are
the published study by Carl Erik Sonck, Gefäss-
planzenora von Pielisjärvi und Lieksa, Nordka-
relien (Sonck 1964a), as well as the collections
of the Botanical Museum of the University of
Helsinki (H) and the Riksmuseet in Stockholm
Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89: 139–182. 2013
Räsänen • Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013
140
(S). The specimens from Helsinki were stud-
ied repeatedly over a ten-year period, and those
of Stockholm were examined as digital images
via the Internet (www.nrm.se/forskningochsam-
lingar/samlingar/databaser/kryptos.8598.html).
The species distribution in Finland was derived
from Såltin (1965). Some additional information
is based on collections at the Botanical Museum,
University of Oulu (OULU). My collections are
deposited at H, or will be there later.
Sonck collected dandelion specimens from
1944 to 1948, as is evident from the museum’s
accessions. Even though I checked only some of
Sonck’s collections, it is likely that all of them on
which his work (Sonck 1964a) was based have
come from this very period. As well as the earli-
er collections, Sonck also had later observations
from Lieksa. In these cases, the observation year
is mentioned in the present paper. Only duplicates
of Sonck’s specimens are currently incorporated
into the collections (H). Sonck’s personal herbar-
ium (donated to H after his death) is still waiting
to be examined, so it is possible that some infor-
mation from that herbarium is overlooked in this
paper.
The research area of Sonck, Lieksa and Piel-
isjärvi (Kb), has been the combined municipali-
ty of Lieksa since the beginning of 1973; for this
reason I use the name Lieksa for Sonck’s com-
plete research area. Sonck mentioned 77 species
of dandelions from Lieksa. In addition, several
species based on his material were identied later.
Finland’s most eminent Taraxacum expert,
curator of the phanerogam collections at H, Gun-
nar Marklund, examined Sonck’s collections and
taught him how to identify the Taraxacum spe-
cies from Lieksa. Marklund participated in the
eld work in 1947.
I have studied dandelions in the area since
1985. First I focused on learning how to identi-
fy the species, and thus the number of my obser-
vations is few in the early years of 1990–1996. In
1998 I made the rst observation lists of dandeli-
ons according to habitats and by parish. Most of
the distribution data is from my hometown, Joen-
suu, and in North Karelia the parish of Nurmes is
the most incompletely studied. Public parks are
trimmed too early, and secondary owering lat-
er in the season is common for this reason. Imma-
ture, too luxurious because of fertilizers, and late
season individuals are often unidentiable. Con-
sequently, rare species may be overlooked. The
best localities for dandelions nowadays are road-
sides and garden lawns which are often cut af-
ter the dandelions have matured. The renowned
Danish Taraxacum expert Hans Øllgaard worked
with me in 1999, and the species lists from that
year are nearly perfect in the present review.
Specimens examined refers to my own collec-
tions in the study area since 1985, and to those I
have done jointly with others. Finnish words katu
means a street and tie a road in English.
Fig. 1. Biogeographical provinces of Finland (Hämet-Ah-
ti et al. 1998). In the text is used Kl/Fin and Kl/Rus to in-
dicate respectively the country today, Finland or Russia,
following the current border. Lieksa and Joensuu are lo-
cated at Kb.
Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013 • Räsänen 141
Hans Øllgaard examined many difcult spec-
imens. However, for several reasons some identi-
cations may still be erroneous, particularly if a
species later turns out to be new to science. These
errors will be corrected by future taraxacologists.
I have also cultivated numerous dandelions
that were not possible to identify in eld, at the
Botania botanic garden in Joensuu. This cultiva-
tion allowed for identication in many cases, and
in the future eight new species will be described
on the basis of the cultivated plants.
Many changes in the number of municipali-
ties in Karelia borealis were made during the in-
ventory. Joensuu, Kiihtelysvaara and Tuupovaara
were combined at the beginning of 2005 to form
present-day Joensuu, and in the beginning of
2009 Eno and Pyhäselkä were merged with Joen-
suu, too. Tohmajärvi and Värtsilä were united in
2005 to form the municipality of Tohmajärvi. In
Karelia ladogensis the municipalities of Parikka-
la, Saari and Uukuniemi were in 2005 combined
to form the municipality of Parikkala. In this pa-
per the old names are used in order to compare
historical records. As well, the old names Säy-
neinen (today Juankoski) in Karelia borealis, and
Simpele (today Rautjärvi) in Karelia ladogensis,
are used, although these entities already merged
with other municipalities in the early 1970s.
The abbreviations used for different provinc-
es are shown in Fig. 1, and the abbreviations con-
cerning persons responsible for identications are
given in Table 1.
Taraxacum species in the study area,
listed according to sections
Section Erythrosperma
Taraxacum falcatum Brenner
This species was observed by Sonck to be scat-
tered in Lieksa (Kb), with 8 localities. Såltin
(1965) recorded it in Kl/Fin, but I have not found
the relevant material from the Finnish part of
this province. These observations may solely re-
fer to the present-day Russian territory (see the
list of specimens in Sennikov 2007). In Finland
this species is known currently from neighbour-
ing proveinces Sa, Sb and Ok.
Taraxacum fulvum Raunk.
This species was observed by Sonck to be com-
mon in Lieksa (Kb), with more than 50 localities.
It was sparse but more common than today. In ad-
dition, it has been earlier found in Joensuu, Säy-
neinen, Rautavaara (Kb) and in Simpele (Kl/Fin).
I have collected it in four localities in Kb. Fair-
ly sparse.
Specimens examined. Kb: Kontiolahti, eld on the
W-side of the former hospital (69633:36434) 1999 [HØ
JR ER]; Lieksa, Ruunaa, Mattila, NW-side of the house,
near a pile of sand, old lawn (70346:36683) 1985 [JR];
Outokumpu, Kuusijärvi, sandy sports eld (69567:35983)
2005[JR, PO]; Tohmajärvi, Onkamo, lawn nearby the
cross of highway 6 and road 70 (69155:36622) 2007 [JR].
Taraxacum isthmicola H.Lindb.
In comparison to the other species of section
Erythrosperma, T. isthmicola has not declined as
much as the other ones. Sonck found it 190 in lo-
calities in Lieksa. Old observations are availa-
ble from Nurmes, Joensuu, Säyneinen and Rauta-
vaara (Kb), and from Simpele (Kl/Fin). I have ob-
served it in nine municipalities.
Specimens examined. Kl/Fin: Saari, Akonpohja, Aka-
pohjantie, roadside lawn (68461:35421) 1999 [HØ JR
ER]. Kb: Eno, village, Enontie, lawn near the church
(69689:36613) 2000 [JR]; Ilomantsi, Möhkö, iron mining
area (69558:37199) 1999 [HØ JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas,
by ring road between Kajaanintie and railway, N-side of
the cycleway, under the 110 kV power line (69486:36428)
1989 [JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, Kaltimontie 6, roadside
lawn (69492:36422) 2010 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Papinka-
tu 10, lawn, S-side of the house (69464:36415) 1997 [JR];
Joensuu, center, Kalastajankatu 8, lawn, S-side of the
house (69465:36417) 1997 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Kalasta-
Results
The information on the localities is summarised
in Fig. 2. and Table 2. Species distribution by bio-
geographical provinces (Fig. 1) is provided in Ta-
ble 3. The last column of Table 3 shows Sonck’s
data from Lieksa collected during 1944–1948.
Chronologically, in the period 1985–1991 some
data collected by others may slightly overlap my
own information.
With a few exceptions, the nomenclature fol-
lows the Taraxacum checklist of Scandinavia and
the Baltic States (Lundevall & Øllgaard 1999).
The updated version of this checklist (December
2011) has not yet been published.
Räsänen • Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013
142
Table 1. Taraxacologists responsi-
ble for identifications of the spec-
imens studied, and abbreviations
of their names used in the text.
Name Abbreviation
Carl Eric Sonck CEC
Erkki Reinikka ER
Hans Øllgaard HØ
Juhani Räsänen JR
Maire Räsänen MR
Piet Oosterveld PO
Veikko Lilja VL
Table 2. Localities studied, observation times and persons (Table 1) responsible for field work. Coordinates are given
in terms of the Uniform Coordinate System (UCS).
Number Date Site UCS Persons
1 6.6.2000 Kl, Parikkala, Liuharanta 68310:36328 jr
2 9.6.1999 Kl, Parikkala, Särkisalmi, Rantatie 68356:36323 hø jr er
3 10.6.1998 Kl, Saari, church 68412:36457 jr
4 9.6.1999 Kl, Saari, Akonpohja, Akapohjantie 68461:36421 hø jr er
5 10.6.1998 Kl, Saari, Akanvaara 68474:36421 jr
6 6.6.2000 Kl, Simpele, Simpeleentie 68170:36276 jr
7 10.6.1998 Kl, Uukuniemi, Niukkala 68520:36522 jr
8 5.6.2000 Kb, Eno, church village, Enontie 69689:36613 jr
9 14.6.2005 Kb, Eno, Uimaharju, center 69830:36654 jr
10 13.6.1999 Kb, Ilomantsi, Möhkö, iron mill 69558:37199 hø jr
11 15.6.1998 Kb, Ilomantsi, Parppeinvaara 69560:37019 jr
12 15.6.1998 Kb, Ilomantsi, church village 69581:37023 jr
13 13.6.1999 Kb, Ilomantsi, church village, Orthodoxian church 69590:37008 hø jr
14 15.6.1998 Kb, Ilomantsi, Lehtovaara, Tiehaara 69727:37106 jr
15 9.5.2002 Kb, Joensuu, center, Papinkatu 69465:36412 jr
Fig. 2. Studied localities in Kare-
lia borealis and Karelia Ladogen-
sis, see. Fig. 1.
Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013 • Räsänen 143
Number Date Site UCS persons
16 9.5.2002 Kb, Joensuu, center, Kalastajankatu 69466:364141 jr
17 8.6.1999 Kb, Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pajutie ja Kuusitie 69472:36401-2 hø jr er
18 2.6.2007 Kb, Joensuu, Aavaranta, lakeside park 69482:36391 jr
19 8.6.1999 Kb, Joensuu, Mutala, Nurmeksentie 69488:36433 hø jr er
20 16.6.1998 Kb, Joensuu, Mutala, Nurmeksentie 69489:36433 jr
21 10.6.2001 Kb, Joensuu, Noljakka, Noljakantie 69491:36389 jr
22 26.5.2002 Kb, Joensuu, Käpykangas, Pamilonkatu 69493:36418 jr
23 11.6.2009 Kb, Joensuu, Raatekangas, Wahlforssinkatu 69496:36419 jr
24 5.6.2000 Kb, Joensuu, Raatekangas, Lukkotie 69500:36423 jr
25 17.6.1998 Kb, Juuka, Ahmovaara, Sorjola 69988:36349 jr
26 12.6.2000 Kb, Juuka, church village, Juuantie 70180:36140 jr
27 11.6.2000 Kb, Kaavi, church village, Kellolahdentie 69867:35743 jr
28 6.6.2000 Kb, Kesälahti, Kylänkangas 68695:36479 jr
29 4.6.2000 Kb, Kiihtelysvaara, church village, Tohmajärventie 69361:36679 jr
30 3.6.2008 Kb, Kitee, Puhos 68895:36538 jr
31 9.6.1999 Kb, Kitee, center (Anttola), Kiteentie 68925:36633 hø jr er
32 3.6.2008 Kb, Kitee, Tolosenmäki 68965:36588 jr
33 3.6.2007 Kb, Kontiolahti, Pyytivaara, Uilontie 69627:36489 jr vl
34 3.6.2007 Kb, Kontiolahti, Asemankylä 69632:36465 jr vl
35 12.6.1999 Kb, Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi, ent. sairaala 69633:36434 hø jr er
36 14.6.1999 Kb, Lieksa, Salonkylä, Ala-Laukanvaara 70001:36614 hø jr
37 14.6.1999 Kb, Lieksa, center, Asemakatu 70275:36512 hø jr
38 14.6.1999 Kb, Lieksa, Kylänlahti, former school 70322:36373 hø jr
39 14.6.1999 Kb, Lieksa, Ruunaa, Mattila 70346:36683 hø jr
40 18.6.2000 Kb, Liperi, Siikasaari, sewage treatment plant 69363:36215 jr ces
41 11.6.1999 Kb, Liperi, Lamminniemi 69372:36249 hø jr er
42 18.6.2000 Kb, Liperi, church village, church 69381:36231 jr ces
43 8.6.2009 Kb, Liperi, Susiaho 69451:36286 jr
44 9.6.2000 Kb, Liperi, Ylämylly, Honkalampi, Liperintie 69473:36303 jr
45 11.6.1999 Kb, Liperi, Ylämylly, Ylämyllyntie 69483:36311 hø jr er
46 6.6.2005 Kb, Liperi, Viinijärvi, Orthodoxian church 69512:36141 jr po
47 9.6.2000 Kb, Liperi, Viinijärvi, Orthodoxian church 69512:36142 jr
48 14.6.2000 Kb, Nurmes, Höljäkkä, railway station 70415:36220 jr
49 14.6.2000 Kb, Nurmes, Akkosalmi 70523:36061 jr
50 6.6.2005 Kb, Outokumpu, Kuusjärvi, church 69565:35985 jr po
51 7.6.2000 Kb, Outokumpu, Kuusjärvi, church 69566:35986 jr
52 7.6.2000 Kb, Outokumpu, Porola, Jokiranta 69627:36082 jr
53 7.6.2000 Kb, Polvijärvi, church village, Haavikonmäki 69739:36197 jr
54 17.6.1998 Kb, Polvijärvi, Martonvaara 69953:36236 jr
55 12.6.1999 Kb, Polvijärvi, Martonvaara 69953:36236 hø jr er
56 13.6.1998 Kb, Pyhäselkä, Rauansalo 69260:36598 jr
57 6.6.2011 Kb, Pyhäselkä, Hammaslahti, Liitoskuja 69285:36532 jr
58 10.6.1999 Kb, Pyhäselkä, Hammaslahti, Kiihtelysv.tie 69290:36536 hø jr er
59 12.6.1998 Kb, Pyhäselkä, Hammaslahti, Kiihtelysv.tie 69290:36539 jr
60 6.6.2004 Kb, Pyhäselkä, Reijola, Reijolantie 69411:36457 jr mr
61 12.6.2000 Kb, Rautavaara, church village, Savontie 70446:35650 jr
62 11.6.1999 Kb, Rääkkylä, Kompakka, Juhmakka, Astola 69142:36482 hø jr er
63 11.6.1999 Kb, Rääkkylä, church village, Kylätie 69147:36362 hø jr er
64 11.6.2000 Kb, Säyneinen, Viitaniemi 70047:35745 jr
65 3.6.2008 Kb, Tohmajärvi, Akkala, Akkalantie 69028:36704 jr
66 13.6.1998 Kb, Tohmajärvi, Uusi-Värtsilä 69029:36801 jr
67 10.6.1999 Kb, Tohmajärvi, Kemie, Sininentie 69066:36735 hø jr er
68 3.6.2008 Kb, Tohmajärvi, Onkamo, school 69152:36635 jr
69 5.6.2007 Kb, Tohmajärvi, Onkamo, Säkäniemi 69155:36622 jr
70 4.6.2005 Kb, Tuupovaara, Saarivaara, Orthodox village chapel 69128:36971 jr po
71 4.6.2005 Kb, Tuupovaara, Hoilola, church 69209:36989 jr po
72 13.6.1999 Kb, Tuupovaara, Kovero, Koverontie 69432:36820 hø jr
73 14.6.2000 Kb, Valtimo, church village 70658:35898 jr
74 10.6.1999 Kb, Värtsilä, Niirala, railway station 69017:36877 hø jr er
75 13.6.1998 Kb, Värtsilä, Niirala, Värtsilän th 69018:36870 jr
76 4.6.2005 Kb, Värtsilä, Niirala, Rajantie 69018:36871 jr po
Räsänen • Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013
144
jankatu 4, lawn, S-side of the house (694651:364187)
2002 [JR]; Joensuu, Sirkkala, railway station, lawn by
the parking place (69469:36427) 2002 [JR]; Kontiolah-
ti, Kontioniemi, old lawn in front of the former hospi-
tal (69633:36434) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Lieksa, Kylänlahti,
high grass, SW-side of the former school (70322:36373)
1999 [HØ JR]; Lieksa, Ruunaa, Mattila, garden lawn
NW-side of the house (70346:36683) 1999 [JØ JR]; Li-
peri, church village, Tutjuntie, lawn E-side of the church
(69381:36231) 2000 [JR CES]; Outokumpu, Kuusjärvi,
sandy sport ground (69567:35983) 2005 [JR PO]; Tohma-
järvi, Onkamo, lawn nearby the cross of highway 6 and
road 70 (69155:36622) 2007 [JR].
Taraxacum proximum (Dahlst.) Raunk.
There are no previous observations from the
study area. Hans Buch collected it in 1908 in Lap-
peenranta (Sa), Harald Lindberg in Joroinen (Sb)
in 1911, and Gunnar Marklund in Leppävirta (Sb)
in 1955. Today it is fairly sparse in Kontiolahti,
Kontioniemi (Kb). It has almost certainly been
growing in the same place for a long time.
Specimens examined. Kb: Kontiolahti, Kontio-
niemi, in front of the former hospital on the roadside
(69633:36434) 1999 [HØ JR ER].
Taraxacum ungulatum (Brenner) Brenner (syn.
T. pseudofulvum H.Lindb.)
This species was observed by Sonck to be scat-
tered in Lieksa (Kb), with 25 localities. He col-
lected it also in Säyneinen (Kb) in 1947 and by
Petterson in Parikkala (Kl/Fin) in 1932. The spe-
cies is also known from Sa and Sb. It is current-
ly rare or may have even disappeared in the area.
Fig. 3. Distribution of Taraxacum isthmicola in the study
area.
Fig. 4. Taraxacum proximum, a new species to Karelia
borealis.
Taraxacum microlobum Markl.
Teuvo Ahti collected this species in Ilomantsi,
Putkela (Kb) on the northern shore of Suokonjär-
vi at a lakeside campsite in 1959. I have not vis-
ited the locality. In neighbouring provinces it has
been found in Punkaharju (Sa), Joroinen, Kuopio
and Maaninka (Sb).
Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013 • Räsänen 145
Section Boreigena
Taraxacum crassipes H.Lindb.
This species is very rare in Finland. Found to be
scattered and sparse by Sonck in Lieksa, with 32
localities. It has completely disappeared or is very
rare in the study area today. Obviously it was de-
clining already in the 1930’s. In addition to Liek-
sa there are old observations by Oesch in Tohm-
ajärvi in 1914, Linkola in Kitee in 1915, Suutar-
inen in Nurmes in 1937 and Koistinen in 1969,
Marklund in Joensuu in 1944, Sonck in Kaavi and
Säyneinen in 1947. All Kb. It has been collect-
ed by Pettersson in Parikkala (Kl/Fin) in 1932. I
have observed it in neighbouring province Sb, in
Vieremä.
Taraxacum galeatum Dahlst.
Kyyhkynen collected this species in Rautavaara
(Kb) in 1919. No other records. I have observed it
in Ok, from which there are many old collections.
This species is more frequent in northern Finland.
[JR]. Kb: Ilomantsi, Lehtovaara, Tienhaara, fallow eld
at NE-side of the house (69727:37106) 1998 [JR]; Joen-
suu, Linnunlahti, Pajutie 1 B, lawn at N-side of house
(69472:36401) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Lieksa, center, Ase-
matie, park lawn (70275:36512) 1999 [HØ JR]; Rauta-
vaara, village, Savontie, roadside, NE-side of the church
(70446:35650) 2000 [JR]; Värtsilä, Niirala, roadside lawn
near the railway station (69017:36877) 1999 [HØ JR ER].
Taraxacum hamatum Raunk.
In eastern Finland this species has been known
only from Hyrynsalmi (Ok). I have observed it
only in three localities, Ilomantsi, Joensuu and
Värtsilä (Kb). It was the most common species in
Ilomantsi. In Ilomantsi it may be a polemochore;
elsewhere it is a recently established alien.
Specimens examined. Kb: Ilomantsi, Lehtovaara,
Tienhaara, uncultivated eld at E-side of the house
(69727:37106) 1997 [JR]; Joensuu, Raatekangas, Aspitie
1, garden lawn (69501:36429) 2000 [JR]; Värtsilä, Niira-
la, roadside (69018:36871) 2005 [JR PO].
Fig. 5. Taraxacum fusciflorum was first found in Joensuu
from eastern Finland.
Section Hamata
Taraxacum fusciorum H.Øllg.
This species was described in 1983 (Øllgaard
1983). I have found it in Joensuu, with 20 individ-
uals on a few square meters. The species is here
a recently established alien and still expanding.
Elsewhere in Finland it is known only in the city
of Tampere (H). The oldest specimen was collect-
ed in 1910 by Florström.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Hei-
näpurontie, roadside lawn, opposite to Pajutie (69472:
36400) 2002 [JR].
Taraxacum hamatiforme Dahlst.
In the 1940s Sonck found only one plant in Liek-
sa, Tiensuu, and in 1979 he collected this species
in Lieksa, Vuonislahti. Elsewhere in eastern Fin-
land it has been found earlier only in Savitaipale
(Sa) and Hyrynsalmi (Ok). Today it is slightly
more frequent. I have found it from both Kb and
Kl/Fin, in six municipalities. It is usually sparse,
but in Rautavaara (Kb) it belongs to the most
common dandelions. In neighbouring provinces
I have found it in Mikkeli (Sa) and Vehmersal-
mi (Sb).
Specimens examined. Kl/Fin: Rautjärvi, Simpele,
Simpeleentie, roadside by the church (68170:36276) 2000
Räsänen • Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013
146
Section Borea
Taraxacum apicatum Brenner (syn. T.
jaervikylense H.Lindb.)
This species is a looser in competion between
dandelions. Sonck found it in Lieksa in about 90
localities. It has been known from Parikkala and
Simpele (Kl/Fin), and from Joensuu, Kitee, Kaa-
vi, Nurmes and Säyneinen (Kb). I have found it in
only three localities. In Kb (Kontiolahti, Kontion-
iemi) it is still frequent, elsewhere sparse.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti,
Botania, shaded lawn at the back side of the botanical gar-
den (694705:364001) 2008 JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas,
Kaltimontie 1, roadside (69491:36423) 2009 [JR]; Kon-
tiolahti, Kontioniemi, in front of the former hospital, old
lawn (69632:36434) 1997 [JR].
Taraxacum atricapillum Sonck
This species was described by Sonck (1983) based
on at specimens collected in Inari (Li). During the
past few years it has been found in various parts
of Finland, and it is known from three localities in
Kb. In Outokumpu it is rather frequent, and indi-
viduals were observed both with and without pol-
len. No earlier observations from Kb.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, center, Papinkatu
4, lawn at S-side of the house (69463:36417) 2002 [JR];
Joensuu, center, Rantakatu 27, lawn at E-side of the house
(69472:36422) 2002 [JR]; Outokumpu, Kuusjärvi, sandy
sport ground (69567:35983) 2005 [JR PO].
Fig. 6. Taraxacum apicatum, section Borea, has declined
a lot.
Taraxacum atrimarginatum H.Lindb.
This species seems to have disappeared almost
completely from the study area. Sonck discov-
ered about 110 localities, and it was both frequent
and common. Collected by Sonck also in Rauta-
vaara (Kb) in 1947, by Pettersson in Simpele (Kl/
Fin) in 1933. Elsewhere in eastern Finland it has
been collected earlier in more than ten municipal-
ities. I have found it once in Joensuu (Kb).
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Sirkkala, Kettu-
vaarantie, S roadside, beside the chipboard mill of Schau-
man (69472:36427) 1998 [JR].
Taraxacum biformatum H.Lindb. (syn. T.
albicollum Dahlst.)
This species was found to be fairly sparse by Son-
ck in Lieksa, with six localities. There are old col-
lections from the neighbouring provinces Sa, Sb
and Ok. Not seen by me. It occur still in southern
Finland, unlike most other species of this section,
which are distributedmainly in the north today.
Taraxacum boreum Dahlst.
Sparse in Kontiolahti (Kb) in 2001. A recent in-
vader. I estimate that this population is about 20
years old, as the growing site has been stable. The
nearest locality is in Ok.
Specimens examined. Kb: Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi,
lawn in W-side of the former hospital (69633:36434) 2001
[JR].
Taraxacum caespitans Dahlst.
Sonck found this species to be sparse to fairly
sparse in Lieksa, with four localities. There are
some old observations from Kitelä (Kl/Rus), Sa
and Ok. Not seen by me. It is possible that spe-
cies of section Taraxacum have out competed it.
Extant populations are known from northern and
southern Finland.
Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013 • Räsänen 147
Taraxacum canaliculatum H.Lindb.
Like most species of this section, T. canalicula-
tum has declined strongly. Sonck found it in over
100 localities in Lieksa. In additon, it have been
known from Kaavi, Säyneinen and Nurmes (Kb),
and from Simpele (Kl/Fin). There are many col-
lections from neighbouring provinces. I have col-
lected it in ve municipalities in northern Kb. It
seems to have declined especially in southern Kb,
because in Ok I have observed it in many places. I
have made recent observations also in Suonenjoki
and Nilsiä (Sb) and Kannonkoski (Tb).
Specimens examined. Kb: Ilomantsi, Möhkö, iron
mining area (69558:37199) 1999 [HØ JR]; Kaavi church
village, beside road 573 W of the village (69867:35743)
2000 [JR]; Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi, in front of the for-
mer hospital, old lawn (69632:36434) 1997 [JR]; Liek-
sa, Ruunaa, Mattila, between road stripes, near a big birch
(70346:36682) 1988 [JR]; Valtimo, church village, Nur-
meksentie, side of highway 6 (70658:35898) 2000 [JR].
Taraxacum constrictifrons Markl.
Collected in the study area only in Simpele (Kl/
Fin), by Pettersson in 1933. From neighbouring
provinces there is one collection by H. Lindberg
in Joroinen (Sb) in 1911.
Taraxacum cuspidatum Markl.
This species was described based on at speci-
mens collected by Marklund in Sortavala (Kl/
Fin) in 1910, today Kl/Rus. Known earlier also
from Ruskeala (Kl/Rus) and neighbouring prov-
ince Sb, in Joroinen. I have found it to be frequent
in Joensuu in one locality, in a small uncut lawn.
It might have been growing there for decades, al-
though the environment has changed much.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu center, Rantakatu
4, lawn between the backyard and a cycle way (694707:
364228) 2008 [JR].
Taraxacum distantilobum H.Lindb.
Collected by Pettersson in Simpele (Kl/Fin) in
1933. In neighbouring provinces collected by H.
Buch in Savitaipale (Sa) in 1909, by H. Lindberg
in Joroinen (Sb) in 1911, and by A. Railonsala in
Kajaani (Ok) in 1955. No recent observations in
the study area.
Taraxacum explicatum Hagl.
Collected by Pettersson in Simpele (Kl/Fin) in
1933, and by Arvonen in Sortavala (Kl/Rus) in
1910. There are no other observations in the study
area or neighbouring provinces.
Taraxacum guttulatum H.Lindb. ex Puolanne
This species was found to be quite common by
Sonck in Lieksa, with nearly 100 localities. Else-
where in the area it has been collected in Joensuu,
Nurmes and Säyneinen (Kb) and in Simpele (Kl/
Fin). Nowadays this species is rather rare. Col-
lected by me in six localities, mainly in 1980’s.
Formerly T. guttulatum was confused with T. sep-
tentrionale.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Raatekangas,
cross of Kajaanintie and Raatekankaantie, roadside lawn
(69501:36427) 1988 [JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, by the
ring road between Kajaanintie and railway, N-side of the
cycle way, under the 110 kV power line (69486:36428)
1989 [JR]; Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi, behind the former
hospital, old lawn (69633:36434) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Liek-
sa, Ruunaa, Homppa, among tall grasses by garden road
(70406:36691) 1988 [JR CES]; Lieksa, Ruunaa, Mattila,
Fig. 7. Taraxacum boreum in Kontiolahti (Kb), apparent-
ly in the southernmost locality in Finland.
Räsänen • Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013
148
garden lawn (70346:36683) 1988 [JR CES]; Liperi, Vi-
inijärvi, ortodox church, garden lawn (69512:36141) 2005
[JR PO].
Taraxacum hamosiforme Railons.
Sparse in Joensuu in 2007, but already next year
it was clearly more frequent. Found in Pori (St)
in 2005, and in Tampere (Ta) there are many lo-
calities.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, center, Siltaka-
tu, by the western bridge at the underpass of cycleway
(69470:36422) 2007 [JR].
Taraxacum humile Brenner (syn. T. remotijugum
H.Lindb.)
This species has declined very much. Sonck
found it in Lieksa in nearly 70 localities. Else-
where in eastern Finland only in Säyneinen (Kb)
and Simpele (Kl/Fin). I have recorded T. humile
in seven localities (Kb). Usually sparse, but com-
mon in Tohmajärvi, Onkamo. In Ok it is still fre-
quent.
Specimens examined. Kb: Ilomantsi, village, Pogos-
tantie, S-side of the cross to Möhkö, roadside (69556:
37018) 1998 [JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Kuusitie, road-
side lawn (69472:36402) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Joensuu,
Raatekangas, Lukkotie, roadside lawn (69500:36423)
2000 [JR]; Kontiolahti, Paihola, Kaisakanlahti, Leveä-
vaara, on tractor way in logging area (69550:36503)
1989 [JR]; Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi, in front of the for-
mer hospital, old lawn (69632:36434) 1997 [JR]; Ou-
tokumpu, Kuusjärvi, church, side of the parking place
(69565:35985) 2005 [JR]; Tohmajärvi, Onkamo, church,
lawn by the cross of highway 6 and road 70 (69155:36622)
2007 [JR].
Fig. 8. Distribution of Taraxacum guttulatum in the
study area. It has become rare in its southern localities,
a typical feature for species in section Borea.
Taraxacum karelicum H.Lindb. & Markl.
The species was described based on at specimens
collected by Marklund in Sortavala (Kl/Rus to-
day) in 1910. In Sortavala it was collected ear-
lier often. Sonck found it to be sparse in Liek-
sa (Kb), with only two sites. Marklund and Son-
ck collected it in Joensuu in 1944. Also known
from Sb and Ok. Nowadays rare. I have found it
in four localities, of which three in Joensuu. Scat-
tered and sparse.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Mutala, Nur-
meksentie, roadside lawn by K-market (69489:36433)
1998 [JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, Kaltimontie 1, roadside
(69491:36423) 2009 [JR]; Joensuu, Raatekangas, Wahl-
forsinkatu, N-side of railway (69496:36419) 2009 [JR];
Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi, in front of the former hospital,
old lawn (69632:36434) 1999 [HØ JR ER].
Taraxacum laceratum (Brenner) Brenner (syn. T.
parvuliceps H.Lindb.)
This species was found to be rare and sparse by
Sonck in Lieksa, with only two localities. In Kl/
Rus it has been collected earlier in Sortavala and
Käkisalmi [Priozersk]. Also known from Sa, Sb
and Ok. In the study area it is currently known
only from Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi (Kb), where
it is frequent on a lawn that was established prob-
ably during the 1930s to former hospital.
Specimens examined. Kb: Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi,
in front of the former hospital, old lawn (69632:36434)
1997 [JR].
Taraxacum lojoënse H.Lindb.
No previous data. I found this species to be fre-
quent in Joensuu in 1997 (this site was built over
in 2001). In 2002 it was sparse.
Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013 • Räsänen 149
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Lou-
hela, Linnunlahdentie 2, lawn by the S side of Louhela
school (69466:36410) 1997 [JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlah-
ti, Pajutie 1 B, lawn at the S-end of house (69472:36401)
2002 [JR].
Taraxacum melanostigma H.Lindb.
I found this species as new to Kb in Joensuu in
2002. Collected elsewhere in eastern Finland by
Heikkinen in Kajaani and Paltamo, Ok, in 1957.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, center, Kalasta-
jankatu 18, lawn at the S-side of the house, sparse (69466:
36414) 2002 [JR].
Taraxacum mucronatum H.Lindb.
This species was found to be abundant and fre-
quent by Sonck, with 120 localities in Lieksa.
Today almost disappeared. Collected earlier by
Europaeus and Hällström in Liperi in 1872, by
Marklund in Joensuu in 1944, by Sonck in Kaa-
vi and Säyneinen (Kb) in 1947, and by Petterson
in Simpele (Kl/Fin) in 1933. I have found two lo-
calities in Joensuu in the 1980s, but plants have
disappeared later. Recorded by me in Vehmersal-
mi (Sb) in 2007.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, center, Rantaka-
tu 31, lawn at S-side of conservatory (69473:36422) 1986
[JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, by the ring road, between Ka-
jaanintie and railway at N-side of cycle way under the 110
kV power line (69486:36428) 1989 [JR].
Taraxacum ostenfeldii Raunk. (syn. T. duplidens
H.Lindb.)
Exceptionally to species in this section, T. osten-
feldii has not declined. Sonck observed it in 18
localities, with numerous individuals in Lieksa.
Recorded also in Joensuu, Pyhäselkä and Rauta-
vaara (Kb) and Simpele (Kl/Fin). I have found it
in 11 municipalities in Kb (Kesälahti, Värtsilä,
Pyhäselkä, Rääkkylä, Liperi, Outokumpu, Joen-
suu, Kontiolahti, Ilomantsi, Lieksa and Valtimo)
and in Saari and Simpele (Kl/Fin). It is locally
frequent, especially in Joensuu.
Taraxacum pastiniferum Railons.
Poorly known species usually placed in section
Taraxacum. Railonsala (1976, 1977) described it
based on at specimens collected in Kristiina (Oa).
He collected it also in Obu. No other old records.
I have collected it in Joensuu in 1986 and after
years of cultivation succeed to identify it. Since
that it has been collected here and there in Fin-
land. Probably the distribution area of T. past-
iniferum has earlier been continuous and wider in
Finland, like those of most other species of sec-
tion Borea.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pa-
jutie 1 B 4, lawn, W-side of the house (69471:36401) 1986
[JR].
Taraxacum penicilliforme H.Lindb.
This species was found to be most common and
frequent dandelion by Sonck in Lieksa, with 200
localities. Collected earlier also in Pyhäselkä,
Joensuu, Kaavi, Säyneinen and Nurmes (Kb), in
Simpele and Parikkala (Kl/Fin). Since then it has
rapidly declined in its southern distribution range,
not seen by me in Kl/Fin or southern Kb. Collect-
ed recently in Kb in Kesälahti, Pyhäselkä, Joen-
Fig. 9. Taraxacum pastiniferum is known at only a few
sites in world.
Räsänen • Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013
150
suu, Liperi, Outokumpu, Polvijärvi, Kontiolahti,
Eno, Ilomantsi, Lieksa, Juuka, Säyneinen, Rau-
tavaara, Nurmes, and Valtimo. It is usually sparse
but still frequent in some remote localities.
Specimens examined. Kb: Ilomantsi, Möhkö, iron
works manor, dry garden eld, N-side of the manor
(69558:37199) 1999 [HØ JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, Vo-
imatie 10, roadside grassland (69491:36428) 2010 [JR];
Kesälahti, church village, Kylänkangas, lawn by high-
way 6, near service station Esso (68695:36479) 2000 [JR];
Lieksa, center, Karjalantie, lawn on the side of a pave-
ment, N-side of the railway station (70276:36513) 1999
[HØ JR].
Taraxacum pullum Markl. ex Puolanne
No earlier observations in the study area. Collect-
ed by me once in Joensuu. This species has been
confused with T. lojoënse, which differ by its leaf
shape. T. pullum occurs both with and without
pollen, whereas T. lojoënse is always without.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti,
Botania, park lawn on the back side of the botanical gar-
den (69471:36400) 2008 [JR].
Taraxacum scalare H. Øllg. & J. Räsänen
This species has been collected in many munici-
palities since 1910, but it has been identied as T.
triangulare. It was recently described by Øllgaard
and Räsänen (2008). Marklund collected it in
Joensuu in 1910, in Kitee, Matkaselkä (Kb/Rus)
in 1910, in Sortavala by Marklund and Arvonen
(Kl/Rus) in 1910, and by Heikkinen in Hyrynsal-
mi (Ok) in 1958. Since 1998 it has been found
regularly in Kontiolahti (Kb). Always sparse. In
neighbouring province Sb I have collected it in
Nilsiä in 2005.
Specimens examined. Kb: Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi,
lawn in front of the former hospital (69632:36434) 1998
[JR].
Taraxacum subpenicilliforme H.Lindb. ex
Dahlst.
Found by Sonck in two localities in Lieksa and in
one by Marklund in Joensuu (Kb) in the 1940s,
and by Pettersson in Parikkala and Simpele (Kl/
Fin) in 1933. It is known from all neighbouring
provinces. Not found by me.
Taraxacum triangulare H.Lindb.
This species was found to be sparse or fair-
ly sparse by Sonck in Lieksa, with 23 localities.
Collected by Pettersson in Parikkala (Kl/Fin) in
1933. Øllgaard and I have found it in Ilomant-
si and Lieksa in 1999, and I have collected it in
Kesälahti and Joensuu (Kb). Except in Joensuu,
the populations consisted of only a few individ-
uals. Also in Joroinen (Sb) and in many munici-
palities in Sa.
Section Macrodonta
Taraxacum tenebricans (Dahlst.) Raunk.
This species was found to be common by Son-
ck in Lieksa, with 80 localities. Collected earlier
also in Pyhäselkä, Joensuu, Kaavi and Säynein-
en (Kb). Today scattered in Kb: Tohmajärvi, Py-
häselkä, Kiihtelysvaara, Joensuu, Liperi, Polvi-
järvi, Outokumpu, Ilomantsi, Eno, Lieksa, Juuka
and Säyneinen. Rare in Saari (Kl/Fin).
Section Taraxacum
Taraxacum aclidiforme Railons. (syn. T. pilosella
Lundev. & H. Øllg.)
Described based on at specimens collected in
Kaskinen (Oa) in 1957 (Railonsala 1960). Col-
lected by Lundevall in Parikkala (Kl/Fin) in 1991.
Elsewhere in Finland observed in Oulu (Obo) and
Pello (Obu), where it is common like in the adja-
cent province of Norrbotten in Sweden (Räsänen
2005). In Sweden it was earlier named T. pilosel-
la until Øllgaard noticed in 2010 that this name is
a synonym of T. aclidiforme.
Taraxacum acroglossum Dahlst.
This species was collected by Sonck in Liek-
sa and Joensuu in 1974. These specimens were
identied in the 1990s. Collected by Heikkinen &
Såltin in Hyrynsalmi (Ok) in 1965. Såltin (1965)
identied these specimens as T. praeradians. To -
day it is fairly common in Kb, where it has been
found in 17 municipalities (frequent e.g. in Eno,
Juuka and Uimaharju). It occurs both in country-
side and in urbanized areas.
Taraxacum acrolobum Dahlst. (syn. T.
paradoxum Palmgr.)
Såltin (1965) knew this species only from Al.
Sparse in Tohmajärvi, Onkamo (Kb), and in Kot-
Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013 • Räsänen 151
ka, Kymi railway station (Ka). The distribution
area perhaps continues eastwards, as during the
Second World War it was collected in Karelia olo-
netsensis in Russia on the east side of Lake Lado-
ga (Sennikov 2007).
Specimens examined. Kb: Tohmajärvi, Onkamo, lawn
by the cross of highway 6 and road 70 (69155:36622)
2007 [JR].
Taraxacum altissimum H.Lindb.
Sonck found this species in ve localities in Liek-
sa. Observed by me in ten municipalities in Kb.
Its abundance seems to have been stable. As a
large plant, this species is competitive with oth-
er tall grasses.
Specimens examined. Kb: Eno, Uimaharju, center,
roadside (69830:36654) 2005 [JR]; Ilomantsi, Möhkö,
iron works manor, high grass,SW-side of the house
(69558:37200) 1999 [HØ JR]; Joensuu, center, Papinkatu,
garden lawn (6946:3641) 2002 [JR]; Joensuu, Aavaran-
ta, shore park, park lawn (69482:36391) 2007 [JR VL];
Kesälahti church village, Kylänkangas, lawn by highway
6 near Esso service station (68695:36479) 2000 [JR]; Ki-
ihtelysvaara church village, roadside (69361:36679) 2000
[JR]; Kitee (Anttola), center, road side lawn, N-side of the
cross of Kiteentie and Puhoksentie (68925:36633) 1999
[HØ JR ER]; Lieksa, Märäjälahti, Revonniemi, lawn by
the side of road 5071 (70211:36539) 1989 [JR]; Lieksa,
Kylänlahti, high grass by the roadside, cross of road 5261
and former school (70322:36373) 1999 [HØ JR]; Nurmes,
Höljäkkä, railway station, garden lawn (70415:36220)
2000 [JR]; Outokumpu, Porola, Jokiranta, by the hay eld,
by the road 504, the NW-side of the house (69627:36082)
2000 [JR]; Tohmajärvi, Onkamo, road 70, roadside lawn,
by the school (69152:36635) 2008 [JR]; Tohmajärvi, Ak-
kala, Akkalantie, roadside, by the house of the youth asso-
ciation (69028:36704) 2008 [JR].
Taraxacum amaurolepis Markl.
This species was collected by Sonck in Lieksa
(Kb) in 1981. Elsewhere in Finland it has been
observed mainly in the south-west, west of Hel-
sinki, in Tampere area, and south of Pietarsaari
(Om). Once collected at Li. Collected by me once
in Joensuu.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Sirkkala, railway
station, lawn by the S-side of buildings (69470:36427)
2002 [JR].
Taraxacum amplum Markl.
Common and frequent in the area, especial-
ly among tall grasses, but not on park lawns. It
is sometimes the dominant dandelion on fallow
elds. In Sonck’s time it was rarer in Lieksa, with
13 localities. Found by Lundevall in Simpele (Kl/
Fin) in 1991.
Taraxacum ancistrolobum Dahlst.
No old observations. Nowadays this species is
frequent in Lieksa and rather frequent in Joensuu,
elsewhere usually fairly rare. I have collected it in
Kb in six municipalities.
Taraxacum acutangulum Markl.
Collected by Pettersson in Simpele (Kl/Fin) in
1933. There are old observations from neighbour-
ing provinces, by Sonck in Kuopio (Sb) in 1943
and by Heikkinen in Hyrynsalmi (Ok) in 1958.
Recently observed by me in three localities in
Kb, and in Juankoski (Sb) in 1997 and Hyrynsal-
mi (Ok) in 1999.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti,
Kuusitie, roadside lawn (69472:36402) 1999 [HØ JR ER];
Lieksa, Lamminkylä, roadside lawn by the cross of road
73 and Lamminkyläntie (70249:36541) 1988 [JR]; Ou-
tokumpu, Kuusjärvi, roadside by the road 17, beside the
church (69566:35985) 2005 [JR PO].
Taraxacum aequilobum Dahlst.
This species was found to be fairly rare by Sonck
in Lieksa, with 14 localities. Today it is one of the
most common and frequent species in the study
area. Other old collections are from Joensuu by
Sonck and Marklund in 1944 and by Petterson in
Simpele (Kl/Fin) in 1933.
Taraxacum aethiops Hagl.
Sonck found this species in Lieksa (Kb) in 1947,
and Marklund and Sonck in Joensuu (Kb) in 1944.
Elsewhere in eastern Finland it has been collect-
ed in by Kyyhkynen Maaninka (Sb) in 1946 and
by Railonsala Kuhmo (Ok) in 1957. One recent
collection.
Specimens examined. Kb: Kontiolahti, Asemanky-
lä, roadside lawn by the cross of road 5051 and Asematie
(69616:36457) 1997 [JR].
Taraxacum alatum H.Lindb.
Only two observations by Sonck in Lieksa.
Marklund and Sonck found it in Joensuu in 1944,
and Lundevall in Parikkala (Kl/Fin) in 1991. I
have collected it in Kb and Kl/Fin in 21 munici-
palities.
Räsänen • Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013
152
Specimens examined. Kb: Ilomantsi, Möhkö, iron
works eld (69557:37199) 1999 [HØ JR]; Joensuu, Lin-
nunlahti, Pajutie 1 B 4, garden lawn on W-side of the
house (69472:36401) 1988 [JR]; Joensuu, Sirkkala, rail-
way station, lawn, by the S-side of the buildings (69470:
36427) 2002 [JR]; Kesälahti, church village, Kylänkan-
gas, lawn by the highway 6 near the Esso service sta-
tion, (68695:36479) 2000 [JR]; Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi,
lawn, in front of the former hospital (69633:36434) 1999
[HØ JR ER]; Lieksa, center, Asematie, park lawn (70275:
36512) 1999 [HØ JR]; Lieksa, center, park lawn, E-side
of Torikatu, along the district heating pipe (70278:36516)
2002 [JR]; Värtsilä, Niirala, center, side of road 70,
near the crossroad of Värtsilä (69018:36870) 1998 [JR];
Värtsilä, Niirala, roadside lawn near the railway station
(69017:36877) 1999 [HØ JR ER].
Taraxacum angustisquameum Dahlst. ex
H.Lindb.
This species was found to be sparse by Sonck in
Lieksa, with only three localities. Collected in
neighbouring provinces Sb (Jäppilä, Suonenjoki
and Joroinen) and Ok (Kajaani, Hyrynsalmi and
Paltamo). I have found it in 13 municipalities in
Kb, and in 3 in Kl/Fin. Usually sparse.
Taraxacum arrhenii Palmgr.
This species was collected only once in Lieksa by
Sonck. It seems to have gradually become more
common. Found by me in seven municipalities in
Kb. Sparse to frequent. Area of its abundance in
Finland is south of Kb.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Mutala, Nurmek-
sentie, roadside lawn near K-market (69488:36433) 1999
[HØ JR ER]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, Pamilonkatu, near
Hiiskoskentie (69493:36418) 2002 [JR]; Joensuu, Käpy-
kangas, Kaltimontie 6, roadside (69472:36422) 2009
[JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, Voimatie 6, roadside lawn
(694900:364280) 2010 [JR]; Joensuu, Noljakka, Kuuse-
la, Marjalantie, park lawn (69502:36379) 2010 [JR]; Joen-
suu, Raatekangas, Pankakoskentie, roadside to the south
of Raatekankaantie (69500:36405) 2011 [JR]; Kitee, cent-
er (Anttola), roadside lawn of bypass-road, N-side of the
cross Kiteentie and Puhoksentie (68925:36633) 1999 [HØ
JR ER]; Kitee, Tolosenmäki, dry meadow by highway 6,
near service station (68965:36588) 2008 [JR]; Kontio-
lahti, Kontioniemi, lawn, in front of the former hospital
(69633:36434) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Pyhäselkä, Hammas-
lahti, Liitoskuja, roadside lawn (69285:36532) 2011 [JR];
Rääkkylä, Kompakka, Juhmakka, Astola, eld SE-side of
road 484 (69142:36482) 1999 HØ JR ER]; Tohmajärvi,
Uusi-Värtsilä, roadside of road 70, E-side of the village
(69029:36801) 1998 [JR]; Tohmajärvi, Kemie, lawn by
SW-side of the road to Niirala near service station (69066:
36735) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Tohmajärvi, Onkamo, kanta-
tie 70, roadside lawn beside the school (69152:36635)
2008 [JR]; Tohmajärvi, Akkala, Akkalantie, roadside by
the house of youth association (69028:36704) 2008 [JR];
Värtsilä, Niirala, roadside lawn by the railway station
(69017:36877) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Värtsilä, Niirala, Ra-
jantie, roadside (69018:36871) 2005 [JR PO].
Taraxacum assurgens Markl.
This species was found by Sonck in seven lo-
calities in Lieksa. Lieksa and Säyneinen are the
northernmost municipalities where T. assurgens
has been observed in Finland. It has been collect-
ed by Lundevall in Parikkala (Kl/Fin) in 1991,
and earlier by Marklund in Sortavala (Kl/Rus) in
1910. It seems to favour traditional countryside
grasslands, and to avoid modern park lawns. Its
frequency increases towards south in the study
area. In Kb I have collected it in 12 municipali-
ties. Rather frequent in Kl/Fin.
Specimens examined. Kl/Fin: Parikkala, Särkisal-
mi, Rantatie, lawn, near lake shore (68356:36323) 1999
[HØ JR ER]; Parikkala, church village, Liuharanta, vil-
lage, roadside (68310:36328) 2000 [JR]; Rautjärvi, Sim-
pele, side of road 4051 beside the church (68170:36276)
2000 [JR]; Saari, Akanvaara, side of highway 6, 1 km to
the S from the crossroad of Uukuniemi (68474:36421)
1998 [JR]; Saari, Akonpohja, Akapohjantie, roadside lawn
(68461:36421) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Uukuniemi, Niukka-
la, side of road 402, SW side of the crossroad to Mik-
kolanniemi (68520:36522) 1998 [JR]. Kb: Joensuu, Lin-
nunlahti, Pajutie 1 B 4, garden lawn, W side of the house
(69472:36401) 2001 [JR]; Joensuu, Mutala, Nurmeksen-
tie, roadside lawn beside K-market (69489:36433) 1998
[JR]; Juankoski, Säyneinen, Viitaniemi, side of road 570
by the school (70047:35745) 2000 [JR]; Kaavi, church
village, village, side of road 573, W side of the village
(69867:35743) 2000 [JR]; Kesälahti, church village, Ky-
länkangas, lawn by highway 6, near the Esso service sta-
tion (68695:36479) 2000 [JR]; Kitee, center (Anttola),
roadside lawn of a by-road, N side of the cross of Kiteen-
tie and Puhoksentie (68925:36633) 1999 [HØ JR ER];
Kontiolahti, Paihola, Kaisakanlahti, Leveävaara, NE part
of hills center terrace, some years old logging area, trac-
tor road (69550:36503) 1989 [JR]; Lieksa, center, Ase-
matie, park lawn (70275:36512) 1999 [HØ JR]; Liperi,
Ylämylly, Lahdensuo, fallow eld between Ylämyl-
lyntie 69 and 71 (69483:36311) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Py-
häselkä, Hammaslahti, Kiihtelysvaarantie, roadside E of
the village (69290:36536) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Tohmajär-
vi, Kemie, lawn, SW side of road to Niirala, beside the
service station (69066:36735) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Tohm-
ajärvi, Onkamo, road 70, roadside lawn beside the school
(69152:36635) 2008 [JR]; Tuupovaara, Hoilola, church,
garden lawn (69209:36989) 2005 [JR PO]; Värtsilä, Nii-
Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013 • Räsänen 153
rala, roadside lawn, by the railway station (69017:36877)
1999 [HØ JR ER].
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, center, Kalasta-
jankatu 8, lawn, S side of the house (69465:36417) 1989
[JR]; Joensuu, center, Torikatu 38, S side of the house, by
sandy eld (69476:36423) 1997 [JR]; Joensuu, Louhe-
la, Hallitie, roadside, by the parking place of ice arena
(69467:36409) 2001 [JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pajutie
1 B 4, garden lawn, W side of the house (69472:36401)
2001 [JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, Voimatie 10, roadside
lawn (69490:36428) 2010 [JR]; Outokumpu, Kuusjärvi,
church (69565:35985) 2005 [JR PO].
Taraxacum biforme Dahlst.
This species has always been rare and sparse
in the study area. Sonck found it in two locali-
ties in Lieksa. Two old observations are known
from both Sa and Sb. I have three observations
from Kb, and few from neighbouring province,
Juankoski in 1997 and Vieremä in 2004 (Sb).
Specimens examined. Kl/Fin: Rautjärvi, Simpele,
roadside lawn of road 4051 beside the church (68170:
36276) 2000 [JR]. Kb: Värtsilä, Niirala, roadside lawn
near the railway station (69017:36877) 1999 [HØ JR ER];
Värtsilä, Niirala, Rajantie, roadside (69018:36871) 2005
[JR PO].
Taraxacum bisectum Malmio
Found by me once, in Joensuu on a lawn. It dis-
appeared later, due to the habitat change. It was
previously known only from Naantali (Ab), col-
lected in 1940.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, center, Kalasta-
jankatu 8, S side of the house, on a lawn (69465:36417)
1997 [JR].
Taraxacum boreophilum H.Lindb.
This species was described based on at cultivated
material grown from seeds collected in Ok, Suo-
mussalmi, (Lindberg 1944). Elsewhere in Fin-
land only a few collections are known, from Rau-
talampi (Tb), Suonenjoki (Sb) and Tornio (Obu).
I have found it in Joensuu (Kb) and in Uukunie-
mi (Kl/Fin). Sparse. I have collected it also else-
where in eastern Finland Sb, Leppävirta in 1998
and Nilsiä in 2005. This species is often difcult
to identify in eld and may be more common than
observed.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Raatekangas,
Wahlforsinkatu, N side of railway (69496:36419) 2009
[JR]. Kl/Fin: Uukuniemi, Niukkala, side of road 402, SW
side of the crossroad Mikkolanniemi (68520:36522) 1998
[JR].
Taraxacum borgvallii Dahlst. ex Hagl.
This species was found to be very rare by Son-
ck in Lieksa, with only one locality. There is also
one collection from each neighbouring province.
This species has been discovered by me in sever-
al localities in Joensuu and once in Outokumpu.
Taraxacum breviorum Dahlst.
I found this species in 1988 in Joensuu. It still
occurs on the same place, as a dominant dande-
lion. It is known also in the nearby localities in
the city, and further away in Joensuu from Raate-
kangas. In neighbouring provinces it is recorded
only in Ok, by Heikkinen in 1957, 1958 and 1965
(OULU).
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, keskusta, Papin-
katu 10, center, lawn, S side of the house (69464:36415)
1988 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Papinkatu 20, lawn, S side
of the house (69465:36413) 1998 [JR]; Joensuu, cent-
er, Kalastajankatu 16, lawn, S side of the house (69466:
36415) 1997 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Eteläkatu 10, lawn,
S side of the house (69462:36411) 1998 [JR]; Joensuu,
Raatekangas, Lukkotie, streetside lawn, on the district
heating pipe (69500:36423) 2002 [JR].
Taraxacum caloschistum Dahlst.
This species was found to be frequent by Sonck
in Lieksa, Kylänlahti in 1946 and 1947, where
it was still growing in 1988. It was collected by
Arvonen in Kajaani (Ok) in 1912. In Kb I have
found it only in Joensuu and Kontiolahti. It is
usually sparse, but common in Joensuu along
Papinkatu in 2002. It has always been rare in east-
ern Finland.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Paju-
tie 1 B 4, garden lawn, W-side of the house (69472:36401)
1986 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Papinkatu 10, center, lawn,
S-side of the house (69464:36415) 1997 [JR]; Joensuu,
center, Papinkatu 16, center, lawn, S-side of the house
(694650:364140) 2002 [JR]; Joensuu, Sirkkala, railway
station, lawn by the parking place (69469:36427) 2002
[JR]; Joensuu, Noljakka, Kuusela, Marjalantie, park lawn
(69502:36379) 2010 [JR]; Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi, old
lawn, in front of the former hospital (69632:36434) 1999
[HØ JR ER]; Lieksa, Kylänlahti, raiway station, lawn by
the station building (70317:36378) 1988 [JR].
Räsänen • Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013
154
Taraxacum canentifolium Markl.
I collected it in Kb in 1990, but the population is
probably older. As it seems to be unable to dis-
perse to new lawns, it may have no future.
Specimens examined. Kb: Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi,
old lawn, in front of the former hospital (69632:36434)
1999 [HØ JR ER].
Taraxacum canoviride H.Lindb. ex Puolanne
Collected by Sonck in Karttula (Sb) in 1943 and
Tuusniemi (Sb) in 1947 and by Lundevall in
Imatra (Sa) in 1991. I have collected it four times
in Kb. Very rare.
Specimens examined. Kb: Ilomantsi, Möhkö, dry eld,
by the channel, W-side of the main road (69558:37198)
1997 [JR]; Joensuu, Raatekangas, roadside lawn at the
cross of Kajaanintie and Raatekankaantie (69501:36427)
1988 [JR]; Rääkkylä, church village, on high grassland by
PKS power line (69141:36365) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Ou-
tokumpu, Kuusjärvi, roadside by the road 17, beside the
church (69566:35986) 2000 [JR].
Taraxacum capillosum H. Øllg. & Uhlemann
Recently described by Øllgaard & Uhlemann
(2007). I have collected it three times in Kb. Fre-
quent in Kitee. Elsewhere in Finland it has been
found in Juankoski, Valkeinen (Sb) in 1997, in
Föglö, Degerby (Al) in 2001, and in Ristiina (Sa)
in 2009.
Specimens examined. Kb: Kitee, center (Anttola),
center, roadside lawn of by-road, N-side of the cross of
Kiteentie and Puhoksentie (68925:36633) 1999 [HØ JR
ER]; Kontiolahti, Lehmo, Nurmeksentie 24 B, roadside
lawn, by the crossroad to the house (69524:36444) 1997
[JR]; Tohmajärvi, Kemie, lawn, SW-side of the road to Ni-
irala, near the service station (69066:36735) 1999 [HØ JR
ER].
Eno, church village, Enontie, roadside, near the church
(69689:36613) 2000 [JR]; Ilomantsi, church village, Parp-
peinvaara, Pogostantie, roadside, by crossroad of Möh-
köntie (69560:37019) 1998 [JR]; Ilomantsi, church vil-
lage, Pogostantie, roadside, by crossroad of Kauppa-
tie (69581:37023) 1998 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Rantaka-
tu 30, lawn, S-side of the building (69473:36423) 1989
[JR]; Joensuu, center, Kalastajankatu 14, lawn, S-side of
the building (69465:6416) 1989 [JR]; Joensuu, center,
Papinkatu 10, center, lawn, S-side of the building (69464:
36415) 2002 [JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, by the ringroad,
between Kajaanintie and railway, N-side of the road
(6948:3642) 1989 [JR]; Joensuu; Käpykangas, Kuurnan-
katu, roadside lawn by Hiiskoskentie (69490:36419) 2002
[JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, Pamilonkatu, roadside lawn
(69493:36418) 2002 [JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pajutie
1, roadside lawn (69472:36401) 1998 [JR]; Joensuu, Lin-
nunlahti, Heinäpurontie, roadside lawn, beside the botani-
cal garden (69470:36400) 1998 [JR]; Joensuu, Mehtimäki,
Yliopistokatu, garden lawn near the parking place of the
university (694727:364126) 2002 [JR]; Joensuu, Aavaran-
ta, shore park, lawn (69482:36391) 2007 [JR]; Liperi,
Lamminniemi, Kyläsärkkä, Tuomela, high grass, SW-side
of road 482 (69372:36249) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Liperi, Ylä-
mylly, Honkalampi, Liperintie, roadside (69473:36303)
2000 [JR]; Liperi, Viinijärvi, orthodox church, roadside,
near stone wall (69512:36141) 2005 [JR PO]; Pyhäselkä,
Reijola, Reijolantie, roadside (69411:36457) 2004 [JR
MR]; Rääkkylä, Kompakka, Juhmakka, Astola, hayeld,
SE-side of road 484 (69142:6482) 1999 [HØ JR ER].
Taraxacum caudatulum Dahlst.
This species has always been rare in the study
area, found once by Sonck in Lieksa. Marklund
collected it in Joensuu in 1944. Few observations
are from Kouvola and Imatra (Sa), Suonenjoki,
Maaninka and Nilsiä (Sb), and Kajaani (Ok). I
have found it once in Joensuu.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, S-
side of pedestrian way, on lawn (6947:3640) 1988 [JR].
Taraxacum coartatiforme J. Räsänen
This species is described in this volume (Räsänen
2013). Many specimens has been collected since
1986 (e.g. in Ta), but there is only one collection
from the study area.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pa-
jutie, roadside lawn (69472:36401-2) 1986 [JR].
Taraxacum coartatum Hagl.
Not known to Sonck, although he collected it in
Lieksa (1945). That specimen was identied by
Øllgaard in 1997. Later Øllgaard re-identied
Sonck’s all collections of T. subalatum as this
Taraxacum carptum H. Øllg. & J. Räsänen
Recently described based on at specimen collect-
ed in Joensuu (Øllgaard & Räsänen 2008). First
collected in Finland from Helsinki in 1925, iden-
tied as T. retroexum, to which it is closely relat-
ed. I have found T. carptum in six municipalities
in Kb and in Parikkala (Kl/Fin). In Joensuu it is
common, but usually rather sparse, as elsewhere
in the area. On Rantakatu (Joensuu) by the former
library it was frequent, but it disappeared in the
1990s due to renovation of the building. It is dis-
tributed also in Sweden and Denmark.
Specimens examined. Kl/Fin: Parikkala, church vil-
lage, Liuharanta, roadside (68310:36328) 2000 [JR]. Kb:
Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013 • Räsänen 155
species. Sonck collected it also in Hyrynsalmi
(Ok) in 1981. I have found it from 11 municipali-
ties in Kb and Kl/Fin. Although widely distribut-
ed, T. coartatum is scattered. It gives an impres-
sion of being a rather recent alien, which is cur-
rently spreading in the area. Frequent in some lo-
calities.
Specimens examined. Kl/Fin: Parikkala, church vil-
lage, Liuharanta, roadside (68310:36328) 2000 [JR]. Kb:
Eno, Kyyrönvaara, lawn by road 73, between the restplace
beside small pond and the road (69948:36600) 1988 [JR];
Ilomantsi, Möhkö, iron works area (69558:37199) 1999
[HØ JR]; Joensuu, Siihtala, lawn, S-slope, by Utrantie,
S-end of Telkäntie, near the parking place of Rautaässä
(69478:36427) 1986 [JR]; Joensuu, Otsola, overgrown
outdoor area of the old botanical garden (69475:36412)
1986 [JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pajutie 1, garden lawn
(69472:36401-2) 1988 [JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Bota-
nia, lawn, botanical garden (694702:364003) 2002 [JR];
Joensuu, Linnunlahti, lawn at NW-side of pedestrian way
(69468:36403) 2008 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Kalevankatu
19, garden lawn of a private house (69469:36415) 1988
[JR]; Joensuu, Sirkkala, Kettuvaarantie, roadside (S) beside
the Schauman chipboard plant (69472:36428) 1998 [JR];
Joensuu, Mutala, Nurmeksentie, roadside lawn beside K-
market (69488:36433) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Joensuu, Käpy-
kangas, Kaltimontie 6, roadside lawn (69492:36422) 2010
[JR]; Kaavi, W-side of the church village, roadside of road
573 (69867:35743) 2000 [JR]; Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi,
old lawn in front of the former hospital (69632:36434)
1997 [JR]; Liperi, Lamminniemi, Kyläsärkkä, Tuomela,
high grass, SW-side of road 482 (69372:36249) 1999 [HØ
JR ER]; Liperi, Ylämylly, Honkalampi, Liperintie, road-
side (69473:36303) 2000 [JR]; Liperi, Viinijärvi, Viinijär-
ventie, lawn, beside orthodox church (69512:36142) 2000
[JR]; Polvijärvi, Martonvaara, high grass, in the begin-
ning of Laivarannantie (69953:36236) 1999 [HØ JR ER];
Polvijärvi, church village, Haavikonmäki, roadside be-
side orthodox church (69739:36197) 2000 [JR[; Pyhäsel-
kä, Hammaslahti, Kiihtelysvaarantie, roudside in E-side
of the village (69290:36539) 1998 [JR]; Rääkkylä, Kom-
pakka, Juhmakka, Astola, hayeld, SE-side of road 484
(69142:36482) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Rääkkylä, church vil-
lage, Paksuniementie, roadside lawn (69147:36362) 1999
[HØ JR ER]; Tohmajärvi, Onkamo, lawn near the cross-
road of highway 6 and road 70 (69155:36622) 2007 [JR];
Tuupovaara, Kovero, Koverontie, roadside, hayeld, N-
side of the village (69432:36820) 1999 [HØ JR].
found it in more than 30 localities. Usually fre-
quent. It is probably still spreading.
Taraxacum copidophyllum Dahlst.
There is only one collection, by Sonck in Parik-
kala (Kl/Fin) in 1974. Kyyhkynen collected it
in Maaninka (Sb) in 1946, and Heikkinen made
many collections in Hyrynsalmi (Ok) in 1954.
Taraxacum cordatum Palmgr.
Collected previously from eastern Finland by
Heikkinen in Kajaani in 1956, Paltamo and Hy-
rynsalmi in 1962 (all Ok). Nowadays this species
is a rare established alien on park lawns and road-
sides in Kb.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, center, Papinka-
tu 10, lawn at S-side of the house (69464:36414) 1999
[JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pajutie, roadside lawn (69472:
36401) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Kuusitie
2 A 6, lawn at S-side of the house (694729:364009) 2008
[JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Heinäpurontie, roadside un-
der planted roses beside Kuusitie 2A (69473:36400) 2008
[JR]; Lieksa, center, Asemakatu, SW-side of the center
lawn of the street (70276:36514) 1999 [HØ JR]; Värtsilä,
Niirala, Rajantie, roadside (69018:36871) 2005 [JR PO].
Taraxacum crebridens H.Lindb.
Rare in eastern Finland. Collected by Sonck in
Parikkala (Kl/Fin) in 1982, and by H. Lindberg
in Joroinen (Sb) in 1911. I have found it once, in
Lieksa, where it seems to be a recent alien.
Specimens examined. Kb: Lieksa, center, park lawn,
E-side of Torikatu, on the district heating pipe (70278:
36516) 2002 [JR].
Taraxacum crispatum Dahlst.
In eastern Finland this species was earlier known
only from Ok collected by Heikkinen in 1960,
1962, 1968 (OULU). When I moved to my pre-
sent home in Joensuu, the garden lawn was sown,
and many rare dandelions were introduced. T.
crispatum was one of them.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pa-
jutie 1 B 4, garden lawn, W-side of the house (69472:
36401) 1988 [JR].
Taraxacum crispifolium H.Lindb.
In eastern Finland this species has been collect-
ed by Lindberg in Joroinen (Sb) in 1911. Like the
previous one, I have observed it only in my home
garden, and only once.
Taraxacum contractum Markl.
There is one collection by Sonck in Lieksa in the
1940s, and one (Lieksa, Koli) in 1981. No oth-
er previous observations from the study area and
only a few from neighbouring provinces. Nowa-
days it is common but yet not ubiquitous. I have
Räsänen • Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013
156
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Paju-
tie 1, lawn, S-side of the house (69472:36401) 1986 [JR].
Taraxacum croceiorum Dahlst.
This species was collected by Sonck in Lieksa
(Kb) in 1946 and Tuusniemi (Sb) in 1947, by Pet-
tersson in Simpele (Kl/Fin) in 1933, and by Lind-
berg in Imatra (Sa) in 1911. I have found it in ve
municipalities in Kb. Sparse to fairly sparse.
Specimens examined. Kb: Ilomantsi, Möhkö, iron
works area (69558:37199) 1999 [HØ JR]; Joensuu, Lin-
nunlahti, Pajutie, roadside lawn (69472:36401) 1999 [HØ
JR ER]; Joensuu, Raatekangas, Lukkotie, roadside lawn
(69500:36423) 2002 [JR]; Tohmajärvi, Kemie, lawn,
SW-side of the road to Niirala, near the service station
(69066:36735) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Pyhäselkä, Hammas-
lahti, Kiihtelysvaarantie, roadside, E-side of the village
(69290:36536) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Värtsilä, Niirala, road-
side lawn, near the railway station (69017:36877) 1999
[HØ JR ER].
Specimens examined. Kl/Fin: Saari, Akanvaara, road-
side of highway 6, 1 km to S from the roadcross of Uu-
kuniemi (68474:36421) 1998 [JR]; Saari, Saarenky-
lä, near the parking place of the church (68412:36457)
1998 [JR]; Saari, Akonpohja, Akapohjantie, roadside lawn
(68461:36421) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Uukuniemi, Niukkala,
roadside of road 402 to SW from the crossroad of Mik-
kolanniemi (68520:36522) 1998 [JR]. Kb: Eno, Uima-
harju, center, roadside (69830:36654) 2005 [JR]; Joen-
suu, Käpykangas, Kaltimontie 6, roadside (69472:36422)
2009 [JR]; Joensuu, Raatekangas, Wahlforsinkatu, road-
side, N-side of railway (69496:36419) 2009 [JR]; Kiih-
telysvaara, church village, Tohmajärventie, roadside
(69361:36679) 2000 [JR]; Kitee, center, (Anttola), road-
side lawn of byway, N-side of the cross of Kiteentie and
Puhoksentie (68925:36633) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Kontio-
lahti, Asemankylä, lawn, near Esso service station, by
highway 6 (69632:36465) 2007 [JR VL]; Liperi, Ylämyl-
ly, Honkalampi, Liperintie, roadside (69473:36303) 2000
[JR]; Pyhäselkä, Hammaslahti, Liitoskuja, roadside lawn
(69285:36532) 2011 [JR]; Tohmajärvi, Kemie, lawn, SW-
side of way to Niirala, near service station (69066:36735)
1999 [HØ JR ER]; Tuupovaara, Kovero, Koverontie, by
the road, hayeld, N-side of the village (69432:36820)
1999 [HØ JR]; Tuupovaara, Saarivaara, garden lawn
(69128:36971) 2005 [JR PO]; Värtsilä, Niirala, Rajantie,
roadside (69018:36871) 2005 [JR PO].
Taraxacum cuspidifrons Markl.
According to Såltin (1965) this species have been
recorded in Kl/Fin, but the respective specimen
has not been found in H. It might have been col-
lected from Kl/Rus but such material was not
traced (Sennikov 2007). I have found it twice in
the study area.
Specimens examined. Kb: Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi,
old lawn, in front of the former hospital (69632:36434)
1999 [HØ JR ER]; Tuupovaara, Saarivaara, garden lawn
(69128:36971) 2005 [JR PO].
Taraxacum cyanolepis Dahlst.
Collected in eastern Finland by Heikkinen in Ka-
jaani (Kn) in 1952. I have found tens of individu-
als in Lieksa. Probably a recent casual alien.
Specimens examined. Kb: Lieksa, center, Asemakatu,
Asemakatu, SW-end of central lawn of the street (70276:
36514) 1999 [HØ JR].
Taraxacum diastematicum Markl.
Described based on at specimens collected in
Oulu (Marklund 1940). Collected in eastern Fin-
land by Fagerström in Vehkalahti (Ka) in 1969
and by Heikkinen in Hyrynsalmi (Ok) in 1962. It
seems to have spread from the south to the study
area, yet not observed in the northernmost mu-
nicipalities. However, it is spreading also in Kn.
I have found it in ten municipalities in Kb and in
two in Kl/Fin.
Taraxacum dilaceratum M.P. Chr.
The species belongs to the specialities of my gar-
den. It is rare in Finland. Såltin (1965) mention it
only from Ab. Collected by Sonck in Li in 1984.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pa-
jutie 1 B 4, garden lawn, W-side of the house (69472:
36401) 1988 [JR].
Taraxacum dilatatum H.Lindb.
This species has been collected both by Heikki-
nen and Såltin in Hyrynsalmi in 1965. I have col-
lected it once.
Specimens examined. Kb: Ilomantsi, Möhkö, Lemin-
aho, Aajevaara, lawn (69667:37242) 1997 [JR].
Taraxacum distinctilobum H. Øllg.
Discovered in Finland for the rst time in Meri-
karvia (Oa) in 2005 (Räsänen 2007). Later I have
found it also in Kb. It is spreading very aggres-
sively in Denmark (Øllgaard, pers. comm.) and
perhaps the same will happen in Finland.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Raatekangas,
Lukkotie, roadside (69500:36423) 2005 [JR PO]; Joen-
suu, Käpykangas, Kuurnankatu, roadside lawn, by Kalti-
montie 1 (69491:36422) 2009 [JR].
Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013 • Räsänen 157
Taraxacum ekmanii Dahlst.
This species was found to be rare and sparse by
Sonck in Lieksa, with seven localities. Marklund
collected it in Joensuu in 1944. In neighbouring
provinces there are many old collections from
both Sb and Ok. Nowadays T. ekmanii is com-
mon. I have observed it in more than 30 localities
all over the study area. Sparse to rather frequent,
but it is not dominating anywhere.
Taraxacum avostylum Bäck
This species was collected in the study area for
the rst time in 2001. Elsewhere in Finland col-
lected by Bäck in Oa in 1968, and I found it in
Anjalankoski (N) in 2007.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pa-
jutie 1 B, lawn between the house and the road, sparse
(69472:36401) 2001 [JR].
Taraxacum orstroemii Markl.
This species was found to be fairly rare by Son-
ck in Lieksa, with seven localities. I have found
it in two localities in Lieksa. In Ruunaa it was
frequent, although the population was small. In
neighbouring provinces it has been collected in
Juankoski, Valkeinen (Sb) in 1997, and in Hy-
rynsalmi, Kangasjärvi (Ok) in 1999. This species
seems to have stable populations in the area.
Specimens examined. Kb: Lieksa, Ruunaa, Matti-
la, garden lawn, ten meters from house to the cowshed
(70346:36683) 1986 [JR]; Lieksa, Kylänlahti, high grass,
SW-side of the former school (70322:36373) 1999 [HØ
JR].
Taraxacum geminatum Hagl.
This species was collected by Pettersson in Sim-
pele (Kl/Fin) in 1933. Collected by Heikkinen in
Hyrynsalmi, Kangasjärvi (Ok,) several times in
1957–1966 (OULU). I have found it in two local-
ities in Joensuu.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, centrum, Torikatu
41, E-side of the house, sparse (69477:36422) 2007 [JR];
Joensuu, Käpykangas, Voimatie 6, roadside lawn (69490:
36428) 2010 [JR].
Taraxacum gibbiferum (Brenner) Brenner (syn.
T. reexilobum H.Lindb.)
This species was found to be sparse or fairly
sparse by Sonck in Lieksa, with six localities, and
he collected it also in Kaavi in 1947. Collected by
Lundevall in Parikkala (Kl/Fin) in 1991. I have
found it in four municipalities in Kb. It has al-
ways been rare in the area.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Niinivaara, Tik-
kamäentie 7, by the street, under the hedge (69462:36429)
2002 [JR]; Joensuu, Sirkkala, railway station, by platform
1, in front of the station building (69469:36427) 2002
[JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, Voimatie 6, roadside lawn
(69490:36428) 2010 [JR]; Kontiolahti, Pyytivaara, Uilon-
tie 26, former school of Pyytivaara, high grass beside the
house (69469:36427) 2007 [JR VL]; Liperi, Siikasaari,
sewage plant, by the building (69363:36215) 2000 [JR
Taraxacum erici H. Øllg. & J. Räsänen
Recently described based on at specimens col-
lected in Kb, Ilomantsi (Øllgaard & Räsänen
2008). In Möhkö museum area it is one of the
most abundant dandelions. It has been discovered
also in many localities in Joensuu. Usually sparse
to scattered. It was very frequent by the former li-
brary in Joensuu, but it disappeared due to reno-
vation of the building. Favours old lawns.
Specimens examined. Kb: Ilomantsi, Möhkö, iron
works eld (69557:37198) 1999 [HØ JR]; Ilomantsi,
Möhkö, iron works manor, roadside grass, by the cross-
road of manor (69558:37199) 1999 [HØ JR]; Joensuu,
center, Rantakatu 30, lawn, S-side of the house (69473:
36423) 1989 [JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, by the ringroad,
between Kajaanintie and railway, N-side of the road (6948:
3642) 1989 [JR]; Joensuu, Sirkkala, Kettuvaarantie, road-
side beside the dairy (69472:36429) 1999 [JR]; Joensuu,
Mutala, Nurmeksentie, roadside lawn, beside K-market
(69488:36433) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Joensuu, Aavaranta,
shorepark, park lawn (69482:36391) 2007 [JR]; Joensuu,
Raatekangas, Wahlforsinkatu, roadside, N-side of the rail-
way (69496:36419) 2009 [JR].
Taraxacum exacutum Markl.
Known earlier only in N. I have collected it in
three localities in Joensuu. Rather sparse recently
established alien.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pa-
jutie 1 B 4, garden lawn, W-side of the house (69465:
36416) 1986 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Kalastajankatu 14,
lawn, S-side of the house (69465:36416) 1997 [JR]; Joen-
suu, center, Papinkatu 24, center, lawn, S-side of the house
(69465:36412) 2004 [JR].
Taraxacum fasciatum Dahlst.
This species was found to be sparse to fairly fre-
quent by Sonck in Lieksa, with over 50 localities.
Nowadays it is one of the most common dande-
lions in the study area. It has been found in near-
ly 60 localities.
Räsänen • Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013
158
CES]; Rääkkylä, Kompakka, Juhmakka, Astola, hayeld,
SE-side of road 484 (69363:36215) 1999 [HØ JR ER].
Taraxacum glossocentrum Dahlst.
Sonck collected this species in three localities
in Lieksa, and Lundevall in Parikkala (Kl/Fin)
in 1991, by Sonck in Suonenjoki (Sb) in 1943,
and by Heikkinen in Kajaani (Ok) in 1962. I have
found it only twice in Joensuu. Sparse.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, center, Papinkatu
10, Papinkatu 10, lawn, S-side of the house (69464:36415)
1988 [JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pajutie 1 B 4, garden
lawn, SE-side of the building (69472:36401) 1999 [HØ
JR].
Taraxacum glossodon Sonck & H. Øllg.
I have found this recently described species (Son-
ck & Øllgaard 1999) in Joensuu and Kitee (Kb)
and in Suomussalmi it was sparse in church vil-
lage and in Ala-Vuokki scattered (Ok) in 2001,
and south of the study area in Jaala (Ta) in 2010
and Anjalankoski (N) in 2007. It is locally com-
mon in southern Finland.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Lou-
hela, Linnunlahdentie 2, lawn between road and Louhela
school (69466:36410) 1997 [JR]; Kitee, center (Anttola),
roadside lawn, byroad, N-side of the crossroad of Kiteen-
tie and Puhoksentie (68925:36633) 1999 [HØ JR ER].
katu, roadside lawn, beside Hiiskoskentie (69493:36418)
2002 [JR]; Juuka, Ahmovaara, Sorjola, roadside of
Ahmovaarantie, beside the house (69988:36349) 1998
[JR]; Kiihtelysvaara, church village, Tohmajärventie,
roadside (69361:36679) 2000 [JR]; Kontiolahti, Kontio-
niemi, lawn, in front of the former hospital (69633:36434)
1999 [HØ JR ER]; Kontiolahti, Asemankylä, lawn, near
Esso service station by highway 6 (69632:36465) 2007 [JR
VL]; Lieksa, center, lawn, SW end of street (70276:36514)
1999 [HØ JR]; Liperi, church village, Tutjuntie, lawn, E-
side of the church (69381:36231) 2000 [JR CES]; Liperi,
Siikasaari, sewage plant, by the building (69363:36215)
2000 [JR CES]; Polvijärvi, Martonvaara, eld in the be-
ginning of Laivarannantie (69953:36236) 1998 [JR];
Polvijärvi, church village, Haavikonmäki, roadside beside
the orthodox church (69739:36197) 2000 [JR]; Pyhäselkä,
Hammaslahti, Kiihtelysvaarantie, roadside, E side of the
village (69290:36539) 1998 [JR]; Pyhäselkä, Reijola, Rei-
jolantie, roadside (69411:36457) 2004 [JR MR]; Rääkky-
lä, Kompakka, Juhmakka, Astola, hayeld, SE side of the
road 484 (69142:36482) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Tohmajärvi,
Onkamo, lawn beside the cross of highway 6 and road 70
(69155:36622) 2007 [JR]; Tohmajärvi, Onkamo, roadside
lawn, road 70, beside the school (69152:36635) 2008 [JR];
Tuupovaara, Hoilola, church, garden lawn (69209:36989)
2005 [JR PO]; Värtsilä, Niirala, roadside of road 70 near
the crossroads to Värtsilä (69018:36870) 1998 [JR];
Värtsilä, Niirala, roadside lawn near the railway station
(69017:36877) 1999 [HØ JR ER].
Taraxacum gustavianum Sonck
Sonck (1988) described this species based on
at material collected in Lieksa, Tynnyrivaara in
1946, and recollected it in Lieksa, Ala-Laukan-
vaara in 1981. Later T. gustavianum have been
collected by Lundevall in Parikkala and Simpele
(Kl/Fin) in 1991, and by Heikkinen in Hyrynsal-
mi (Ok) in 1963. It has proved to be common and
locally frequent in most of the study area, with
over 70 localities. It occurs in all four municipali-
ties in Kl/Fin, and seems to be lacking only in the
NW Kb. The NW limit of its distribution follows
the line connecting Lieksa, Kontiolahti, Polvijär-
vi and Liperi. Recently found in many localities
also elsewhere in Finland and in Sweden.
Taraxacum haematopus H.Lindb.
This species was collected by Sonck in Lieksa,
Salonkylä, Ala-Laukanvaara in 1981. In neigh-
bouring provinces from Lappeenranta (Sa) by
Buch in 1908 and from Kajaani (Ok) by Railon-
sala in 1955. No recent observations in the study
area.
Taraxacum gracilisquameum Markl.
No previous observations. I have found this spe-
cies in 15 municipalities in Kb and in Saari (Kl/
Fin). It seems to be absent in N, NW and S parts
in the study area. Sparse to scattered.
Specimens examined. Kl/Fin: Saari, Akanvaara, road-
side, highway 6, 1 km S of the crossroad to Uukuniemi
(68474:36421) 1998 [JR]. Kb: Eno, church village, Enon-
tie, roadside lawn, beside the church (69689:36613) 2000
[JR]; Eno, Uimaharju, center, roadside (69830:36654)
2005 [JR]; Ilomantsi, church village, Pogostantie, road-
side, S of the crossroad to Möhkö (69556:37018) 1998
[JR]; Ilomantsi, church village, lawn beside the orthodox
church (69590:37008) 1999 [HØ JR]; Joensuu, Siilainen,
Noljakantie, roadside lawn, N side of the road, by the Sil-
lastenpuro bridge (69489:36398) 1997 [JR]; Joensuu, Lin-
nunlahti, Pajutie, roadside lawn (69472:36401) 1999 [HØ
JR ER]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Heinäpurontie, roadside
lawn (69473:36400) 2008 [JR]; Joensuu, Raatekangas,
Lukkotie, roadside lawn (69500:36423) 2000 [JR]; Joen-
suu, Raatekangas, Wahlsforsinkatu, roadside lawn, N side
of the railway (69496:36419) 2009 [JR]; Joensuu, Nol-
jakka, Noljakantie, parklawn, beside the Lykynurmentie
(69491:36389) 2001 [JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, Pamilon-
Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013 • Räsänen 159
Taraxacum haptolepium Malmio
Malmio (1953) described this species based on at
specimens in Joensuu by Marklund in 1944. Col-
lected by Sonck in Lieksa in one locality, and by
Pettersson in Simpele (Kl/Fin) in 1932. Sonck
named his specimen provisionally as T. obscuri-
folium, but he never described it. It is scattered
in Kb and Kl/Fin, being usually sparse to fairly
sparse, but in Parikkala (Kl/Fin) it is one of the
dominant dandelions, rst collected by Lundevall
in 1991. In neighbouring provinces collected by
Sonck in Jäppilä (Sb) in 1948, and I have found it
in Hyrynsalmi (Ok) in 1999 and in Nilsiä (Sb) in
2005, and Lundevall collected it in Lappeenran-
ta (Sa) in 1991. Changes in abundances cannot be
estimated, because there are only a few older ob-
servations from its main distribution area.
Specimens examined. Kl/Fin: Saari, Akanvaara, road-
side of highway 6, about 1 km S from the cossroads of
Uukuniemi (68474:36421) 1998 [JR]; Parikkala, Särki-
salmi, Rantatie, lawn, near the lake shore (68356:36323)
1999 [HØ JR ER]. Kb: Ilomantsi, Möhkö, iron works eld
(69558:37199) 1999 [HØ JR]; Joensuu, Sirkkala, Ket-
Fig. 10 A. Distribution of Taraxacum haptolepium (10 B) in the study area. It is more common in the southern part.
tuvaarantie, roadside by the Schauman factory (69472:
36427) 1999 [JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, Pamilonkatu,
roadside lawn, by Hiiskoskentie (69493:36418) 2002 [JR];
Juuka, NE side of the church village, Juuantie, roadside
(70180:36140) 2000 [JR]; Kiihtelysvaara, church village,
Tohmajärventie, roadside (69361:36679) 2000 [JR]; Kitee,
center (Anttola), roadside lawn by the by-road, N side of
the cross of Kiteentie and Puhoksentie (68925:36633) 1999
[HØ JR ER]; Liperi, Lamminniemi, Kyläsärkkä, Tuomela,
high grass, SW side of road 482 (69372:36249) 1999 [HØ
JR ER]; Liperi, Ylämylly, Honkalampi, Liperintie, road-
side (69473:36303) 2000 [JR]; Liperi, Viinijärvi, ortho-
dox church, by the road near the stone wall (69512:36142)
2000 [JR]; Liperi, Siikasaari, sewage plant, by the build-
ing (69363:36215) 2000 [JR CES]; Outokumpu, Kuusjär-
vi, sandy sportseld (69567:35983) 2005 [JR PO]; Polvi-
järvi, Martonvaara, Laivarannantie, eld in the beginning
of the road (69953:36236) 1998 [JR]; Pyhäselkä, Ham-
maslahti, Kiihtelysvaarantie, roadside, E side of the vil-
lage (69290:36539) 1998 [JR]; Pyhäselkä, Hammaslahti,
Liitoskuja, roadside lawn (69285:36532) 2011 [JR]; Rääk-
kylä, Kompakka, Juhmakka, Astola, hayeld, SE side of
road 484 (69142:36482) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Tohmajärvi,
Kemie, lawn, SW side of road to Niirala by the service sta-
tion (69066:36735) 1999 [HØ JR ER].
Räsänen • Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013
160
Taraxacum haraldii Markl.
In 1971 Bäck identied a specimen collected
by Pettersson in Simpele in 1933 as T. haraldii.
Collected by Lundevall in Parikkala (Kl/Fin) in
1991(S), although the identication is uncertain,
and by Sonck in Lieksa, Kylälahti in 1977. It is
known also from Joroinen (Sb), where Lindberg
collected it in 1911. I have found it in two local-
ities in the study area. Scattered. Perhaps it has
spread to Kb along railways, perhaps from south-
ern Finland.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Sirkkala, railway
station, lawn by the parking place (694699:364270) 2002
[JR]; Nurmes, Höljäkkä, railway station, garden lawn
(70415:36220) 2000 [JR].
Taraxacum hemicyclum Hagl.
During a 50 years period this species has in-
creased on its abundance from rather sparse to
one of the dominant dandelions in the study area.
It was found by Sonck in Lieksa only in six local-
ities, but nowadays it grows nearly everywhere,
and it is frequent almost in all sites. Marklund
collected it in Joensuu in 1944. It is a very persis-
tent. If there is any space between a building and
pavement asphalt, an emerging dandelion is of-
ten T. hemicyclum. It has recently been found to
be common also in Helsinki (N), but as the obser-
vations are supported only by a few specimens, it
it likely that it have became more abundant in the
recent decades.
Taraxacum hepaticum Railons.
Øllgaard discovered one individual in my garden
in 1999, but it was disappeared already in 2002.
Later it has been found elsewhere in Joensuu. Col-
lected by Heikkinen in Hyrynsalmi, Kangasjärvi
(Ok) several times in 1957–1971 (OULU), and
I have found it once in Kuusamo (Ks), in 2009.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Paju-
tie 1 B 4, garden lawn, E-side of the house (69472:36402)
1999 [HØ JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, Kaltimontie 1, road-
side (69491:36423) 2009 [JR].
Taraxacum homoschistum H. Øllg. (syn. T.
hastatum Markl. non Brenner)
When T. hastatum Markl. was described, he was
unaware of older name, T. hastatum Brenner.
Thus to Marklunds T. hastatum was given a new
name, and it was compared with the closely relat-
ed T. undulatiorum (Øllgaard 2006). No earlier
observations have been made in the study area. I
have found it twice in Joensuu.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pa-
jutie 1 B, lawn, S-side of the house (69472:36401) 1988
[JR]; Joensuu, Raatekangas, Wahlforsinkatu, roadside, N-
side of railway (69496:36419) 2009 [JR].
Taraxacum horridifrons Railons.
This species is rare in the area. There are two
previous collections from Parikkala (Kl/Fin) by
Lundevall in 1991. I have found one individual in
Säyneinen, and collected it once in Joensuu. Else-
where in eastern Finland this species has been
collected only in Imatra and Taipalsaari (Sa) by
Lundevall in 1991, and in Luumäki in 2004 and
Joutseno (Sa) in 2007 by me.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Aavaranta,
shore park by Kaislarannantie (69482:36391) 2007 [JR];
Juankoski, Säyneinen, Viitaniemi, side of road 570, near
the school (70047:35745) 2000 [JR].
Taraxacum huelphersianum Dahlst. ex Hagl.
Found by Sonck in two localities in Lieksa, and
by Sonck and Marklund in Joensuu in 1944, and
by Sonck in Parikkala (Kl/Fin) in 1974. Nowa-
days it is known from nearly all municipalities
both in Kb and Kl/Fin. In many localities it is one
of the dominant dandelions.
Taraxacum idiomorphum Markl.
In eastern Finland there are older observations
only from southern Ka, where this species is still
locally frequent. I have found it once in Kb. It
seems to be a recently established alien.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, center, Siltakatu,
Siltakatu, lawn at SW-side of the western bridge, sparse
(694700:364228) 2008 [JR].
Taraxacum imitans H.Lindb. ex Såltin
Collected by Sonck in Lieksa, Vuonislahti in 1977
and by me in Värtsilä (Kb). Elsewhere in eastern
Finland this species is known from Ok only, col-
lected by Railonsala in 1955 and by Heikkinen in
1960 in Kajaani, and by Heikkinen in Paltamo in
1957 and by me in Suomussalmi in 2001.
Specimens examined. Kb: Värtsilä, Niirala, Rajantie,
roadside (69018:36871) 2005 [JR PO].
Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013 • Räsänen 161
Taraxacum inarmatum M.P. Chr.
This species was found in the study area in the
1990s. Nowadays three localities are known in
Kb. In neighbouring province Ok it was collected
by Räsänen & Øllgaard in Hyrynsalmi in 1999.
On the old lawn in Kontioniemi (Kb) it may be a
recent casual alien introduced amongst ornamen-
tal perennials.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Kuu-
sitie, roadside lawn (69472:36402) 1999 [HØ JR ER];
Kesälahti, church village, Kylänkangas, lawn, by high-
way 6, beside the Esso service station (68695:36479) 2000
[JR]; Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi, old lawn in front of the
former hospital (69632:36434) 1999 [HØ JR ER].
Taraxacum index Sonck
Sonck (1964b) described this species based on
at specimens he collected in Lieksa, Kylänlah-
ti in 1947. I have collected it in Joensuu, Siihta-
la in 1986. Today it is known in six municipali-
ties in Kb. Sparse or scattered. The main distri-
bution area of this rather rare species seems to be
between Kitee and Joensuu. Outside Kb there is
only one observation, I collected it in Vehmersal-
mi (Sb) in 2007.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Siihtala, lawn at
S-side of the parking place of Rautaässä, by Utrantie, at
the S-end of Telkäntie (69478:36427) 1986 [JR]; Joensuu,
Raatekangas, Lukkotie, roadside lawn (69500:36423) 2000
[JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pajutie 1 B 4, garden lawn, W-
side of the house (69472:36401) 2001 [JR]; Kitee, cent-
er, Anttola, roadside lawn, N-side of crossroad of Kiteen-
tie and Puhoksentie (68925:36633) 1999 [HØ JR ER];
Lieksa, Kylänlahti, railwaystation, lawn beside the station
building (70317:36378) 1988 [JR]; Lieksa, Kylänlahti,
high grass, SW-side of the former school (70322:36373)
1999 [HØ JR]; Pyhäselkä, Hammaslahti, Kiihtelysvaa-
rantie, roadside, E-side of the village (69290:36536) 1999
[HØ JR ER]; Tohmajärvi, Uusi-Värtsilä, roadside of road
70, E-side of the village (69029:36801) 1998 [JR]; Tohm-
ajärvi, Kemie, lawn, SW-side of the road to Niirala, beside
the service station (69066:36735) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Toh-
majärvi, Onkamo, lawn by the crossroad of highway 6 and
road 70 (69155:36622) 2007 [JR]; Värtsilä, Niirala, side
of road 70, near the crossroad to Värtsilä (69018:36870)
1998 [JR]; Värtsilä, Niirala, roadside lawn beside the rail-
way station (69017:36877) 1999 [HØ JR ER].
Fig. 11 A. Distribution of Taraxacum index (11 B) in the study area. All but one localities are in Karelia borealis.
Räsänen • Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013
162
Taraxacum ingens Palmgr.
Sonck found many individuals of this species by
Lieksa railway station in 1946, and Heikkinen
collected it in Kajaani (Ok) in 1958. Not refound.
Taraxacum insuetum M.P. Chr.
This species was found in Joensuu in 1999 (Rä-
sänen 2009).
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Kuu-
sitie, roadside lawn, sparse (69472:36402) 1999 [HØ JR
ER].
Taraxacum intermedium Raunk.
Found for the rst time in Finland in Kontiolah-
ti (Kb) in 1999, with tens of individuals (Räsänen
2009). Probably this species have occurred there
for a longer period.
Specimens examined. Kb: Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi,
old lawn, in front of the former hospital (69631:36434)
1999 [HØ JR ER].
Taraxacum interruptum Dahlst.
This species was found to be sparse by Sonck in
Lieksa, Vuonislahti in 1945, with only one speci-
men. Lundevall collected it in Simpele in 1991. In
neighbouring provinces it has been known from
Sa and Ok. I have found it in seven municipali-
ties from Kb. Usually scattered and rather rare. It
seems to be in the study area one of the older spe-
cies of section Taraxacum. It does not spread to
new habitats.
Specimens examined. Kb: Ilomantsi, Möhkö, iron
works eld (69557:37198) 1999 [HØ JR]; Joensuu, Kä-
pykangas, Pamilonkatu, roadside lawn (69493:36418)
2002 [JR]; Liperi, Viinijärvi, orthodox church, beside the
stone wall, by the road (69512:36141) 2005 [JR PO]; Ou-
tokumpu, Kuusjärvi, side by the road 17, beside the church
(69566:35986) 2000 [JR]; Polvijärvi, Martonvaara, high
grass, in the beginning of Laivarannantie (69953:36236)
1999 [HØ JR ER]; Polvijärvi, church village, Haavikon-
mäki, roadside, beside the orthodox church (69739:36197)
2000 [JR]; Rääkkylä, Kompakka, Juhmakka, Astola, hay
eld, SE-side of the road 484 (69142:36482) 1999 [HØ JR
ER]; Tohmajärvi, Onkamo, lawn by the crossroad of high-
way 6 and road 70 (69155:36622) 2007 [JR].
Purolanraitti and Siilaistentie (69490:36396) 1997 [JR];
Värtsilä, Niirala, Rajantie, roadside (69018:36871) 2005
[JR PO].
Taraxacum kjellmanii Dahlst.
This species was found to be fairly sparse by
Sonck in Lieksa, with only three localities. Col-
lected by Marklund and Sonck in Joensuu (Kb)
in 1944, and by Pettersson in Simpele (Kl/Fin) in
1933. In the neighbouring province Sb there are
collections from three municipalities. I have not
found this species in eastern Finland.
Taraxacum kupfferi Hagl.
According to herbarium specimens this is a very
rare species, but it is perhaps more common. It is
easily overlooked amongst other dandelions wich
have green base in the rosette leaves. Collected
by Railonsala in Oa in 1948 (H), rst determined
as T. kupfferi in the beginning of 1970s. De-
scribed from Latvia (Haglund 1937), also known
from Estonia, Sweden and Norway. I have found
it once in Joensuu.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pa-
jutie 1 B 4, garden lawn (69472:36402) 2005 [JR].
Taraxacum laciniosifrons Wiinst.
This species was found to be rare and sparse by
Sonck, with only one locality in Lieksa. Collect-
ed by Sonck and Marklund in Joensuu in 1944.
I have found it in ten municipalities in Kb. It is
common in Joensuu, but elsewhere usually sparse
or fairly sparse.
Specimens examined. Kb: Eno, church village,
Enontie, roadside (69689:36613) 2000 [JR]; Ilomant-
si, Möhkö, dry eld, by the channel, W-side of the main
road (69558:37198) 1997 [JR]; Ilomantsi, church vil-
lage, Pogostantie, roadside beside the crossroad of
Möhkö (69560:37019) 1998 [JR]; Joensuu, Otsola, over-
grown outside part of the old botanic garden of the uni-
versity (69475:36412) 1986 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Malmi-
katu 24, lawn at the S-side of the house (69468:36414)
1988 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Kalevankatu 19, garden lawn
of downtaken house (69469:36415) 1988 [JR]; Joensuu,
center, Suvantokatu 30, lawn at the S-side of the house
(69470:36413) 1989 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Sepänkatu
27, lawn at the E-side of the house (69470:36413) 1997
[JR]; Joensuu, center, Papinkatu 10, lawn at the S-side
of the house (69464:36415) 1997 [JR]; Joensuu, cent-
er, Sairaalakatu 24, S-side of the house (69478:36416)
1998 [JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pajutie, lawn, beside
1A (69472:36401) 1998 [JR]; Joensuu, Mutala, Nurmek-
sentie, roadside lawn near the K-market (69489:36433)
Taraxacum interveniens Hagl.
I have found this species twice in Kb, and with
Øllgaard in Hyrynsalmi, Kangaskylä (Ok) in
1999.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Noljakka, Nol-
jakantie, roadside lawn, N-side of the road, between
Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013 • Räsänen 163
1998 [JR]; Juuka, church village, Juuantie, roadside lawn
(70180:36140) 2000 [JR]; Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi, old
lawn, in front of the former hospital (69633:36434) 1999
[HØ JR ER]; Lieksa, center, Asemakatu, lawn, SW-end of
the street (70276:36514) 1999 [HØ JR]; Liperi, Ylämyl-
ly, Honkalampi, Liperintie, roadside lawn (69473:36303)
2000 [JR]; Liperi, church village, Tutjuntie, roadside be-
side the church (69381:36231) 2000 [JR CES]; Outokum-
pu, Porola, Jokiranta, by the hayeld, by road 504, NW-
side of the house (69627:36082) 2000 [JR]; Pyhäselkä,
Hammaslahti, Kiihtelysvaarantie, roadside, E-side of the
village (69290:36539) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Rautavaara,
church village, Savontie, roadside, NE-side of the church
(70446:35650) 2000 [JR].
Taraxacum laeticolor Dahlst.
Sonck discovered some individuals of this spe-
cies in Lieksa, Kelvä in 1947. In neighbouring
province Sa it has been collected by Klingstedt
in Valkeala in 1955. I have found it twice in Joen-
suu. Sparse.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, center, Kalasta-
jankatu 8, lawn, S-side of the house (69465:36417) 1994
[JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Louhela, Linnunlahdentie 2,
lawn, S-side of Louhela school (69466:36410) 1997 [JR].
Taraxacum laticordatum Markl.
Øllgaard and I found this species in Kb in 1999,
with two localities. Sparse.
Specimens examined. Kb: Ilomantsi, Möhkö, iron
works eld (69557:37199) 1999 [HØ JR]; Joensuu, Lin-
nunlahti, Kuusitie, roadside lawn (69472:36401) 1999
[HØ JR ER].
Taraxacum latisectum H.Lindb.
This species was found to be rare and sparse by
Sonck in Lieksa, with only one locality. It was
collected by Marklund in Joensuu in 1944. In
neighbouring provinces it is known from Sa and
Ok. Today it is is very frequent in Joensuu, and
along Papinkatu in a lawn it is the dominant dan-
delion. Elsewhere in Kb I have found it in four
municipalities.
Specimens examined. Kb: Ilomantsi, Möhkö, iron
work area (69558:37199) 1999 [HØ JR]; Joensuu, Sirk-
kala, railway station, lawn at the SE-side of the sta-
tion building (69469:36427) 1988 [JR]; Joensuu, cent-
er, Yläsatamankatu 10, lawn at the E-side of the house
(69474:36420) 1989 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Papinka-
tu, lawns by S-sides of houses (69464–5:36413–5) 1997
[JR]; Joensuu, center,Torikatu 41, E-side of the house
(69477:36422) 2007 [JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pajutie 1
B, lawn, (69472:36401) 1998 [JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlah-
ti, Heinäpurontie 65, by the pavement near planted ros-
es (69473:36400) 2002 [JR]; Joensuu, Mutala, Nurmek-
sentie, roadside lawn, beside the K-market (69488:36433)
1999 [HØ JR ER]; Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi, lawn in front
of the former hospital (69632:36434) 1997 [JR]; Liek-
sa, center, Asemakatu, lawn at the SW-end of the street
(70276:36514) 1999 [HØ JR]; Polvijärvi, Martonvaara,
high grass in the beginning of Laivarannantie (69953:
36236) 1999 [HØ JR ER].
Taraxacum latissimum Palmgr.
This species was found to be rather rare by Sonck
in Lieksa, with only ve localities. From neigh-
bouring provinces there are observations only
from Ok. I have observed it in 15 municipalities,
Kesälahti, Kitee, Värtsilä, Tohmajärvi, Rääkky-
lä, Pyhäselkä, Tuupovaara, Ilomantsi, Joensuu,
Liperi, Polvijärvi, Kaavi, Juuka and Lieksa (Kb)
and Saari (Kl/Fin). Today it is common but sel-
dom frequent.
Taraxacum leptodon Markl.
Collected by Sonck in Jäppilä (Sb) in 1948. I
have found it once in Joensuu.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Käpykangas, Voi-
matie 6, roadside lawn (69490:36428) 2010 [JR].
Taraxacum leptophyllum H.Lindb. ex Såltin
Sonck collected this species in three localities in
Lieksa. It has been collected by Petterson in Sim-
pele (Kl/Fin) in 1933, by Lindberg in Imatra (Sa)
in 1911 and in Sortavala (Kl/Rus) in 1938, by Pet-
terson in Ruokolahti (Sa) in 1933 and by A. Ul-
vinen in Valkeala (Sa) in 1949. Nowadays it is
very frequent in the southern range of the study
area, with ve localities in Kl/Fin. Locally fre-
quent, e.g. in Saari, Akonpohja. Besides, I have
collected it twice in southernmost municipalities
in Kb, in Kesälahti and Eno, and once in neigh-
bouring province, in Ristiina (Sa) in 2009. Sparse.
Specimens examined. Kl/Fin: Parikkala, Särkisalmi,
Rantatie, lawn near the lake shore (68356:36323) 1999
[HØ JR ER]; Parikkala, church village, Liuharanta, road-
side (68310:36328) 2000 [JR]; Rautjärvi, Simpele, road-
side of the road 4051, beside the church (68310:36328)
2000 [JR]; Saari, Akanvaara, roadside of highway 6, about
1 km to S from the crossroad of Uukuniemi (68474:36421)
1998 [JR]; Saari, Akonpohja, Akapohjantie, roadside lawn
(68461:6421) 1999 [HØ JR ER]. Kb: Eno, Uimahar-
ju, center, roadside (69830:36654) 2005 [JR]; Kesälahti,
church village, Kylänkangas, lawn, by the highway 6, be-
side the Esso service station (68695:36479) 2000 [JR].
Räsänen • Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013
164
Taraxacum leucopodum Hagl.
There is only one previous Finnish specimen
of this species in H, collected in Ta, Tampere
(Kääntönen 1977). I have found it twice in Joen-
suu, Linnunlahti.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Kuu-
sitie, roadside lawn, by Pajutie 1B (69472:36402) 1997
[JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pajutie, roadside lawn (69472:
36401) 1999 [HØ JR ER].
Taraxacum lingulatum Markl.
This species has been collected by Marklund and
Sonck in Joensuu in 1944, by Sonck in Lieksa in
1947, and by Kyyhkynen in Maaninka (Sb) in
1946. Nowadays it belongs to the dominant dan-
delions in the study area, even though I have not
seen it all municipalities. Especially in Joensuu it
is locally frequent.
Taraxacum longicuspis Markl.
This species has been described based on at spec-
imens collected in Ab, Naantali (Marklund 1926).
I collected specimens from Kb, which Øllgaard
identied as T. longicuspis in 2001. Among uni-
dentied specimens at H, I found later specimens
collected by Marklund in Joensuu in 1944, and
by Väinö Hosiaisluoma in Kontiolahti, Varparan-
ta (Kb) in 1970, which proved to be T. longicus-
pis. In summer 2011 Øllgaard and I studied spec-
imens from Kb and Ab, Naantali, and we became
convinced of our identications. Collected also
by Lundevall, in Parikkala (Kl/Fin) in 1991 (S,
det. Øllgaard 2009).
Collected in six municipalities in Kb. In Kitee,
Tohmajärvi and Värtsilä it may be considered as
common. Additionally, I have found it once in
Joutseno (Sa) in 2007, in Iitti (Ta) in 1988, and
even in Pello (Obu) in the north, in 2008.
Specimens examined. Kb: Eno, church village, Enon-
tie, roadside, by the church (69689:36613) 2000 [JR];
Joensuu, Sirkkala, Kettuvaarantie, roadside (S), beside the
chipboard mill of Schauman and the dairy (69472:36427–
9) 1998 [JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, Kuurnankatu, road-
side lawn, near Hiiskoskentie (69490:36419) 2002 [JR];
Fig. 12. Distribution of Taraxacum longicuspis (12 B) in the study area.
Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013 • Räsänen 165
Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Botania, lawn, botanical gar-
den (69470:36400) 2002 [JR]; Joensuu, Raatekangas,
Pankakoskentie, roadside, a little to S of Raatekankaan-
tie (69500:46405) 2011 [JR]; Kitee, center, Anttola, road-
side lawn of by-road, N-side of the crossroads of Kiteen-
tie and Puhoksentie (68925:36633) 1999 [HØ JR ER];
Kitee, Tolosenmäki, dry eld by highway 6, near the ser-
vice station (68965:36588) 2008 [JR]; Pyhäselkä, Reijo-
la, Reijolantie, roadside (69411:36457) 2004 [JR MR];
Tohmajärvi, Kemie, lawn, SW-side of road to Niirala, be-
side the service station (69066:36735) 1999 [HØ JR ER];
Tohmajärvi, Onkamo, road 70, roadside lawn, beside
the school (69152:36635) 2008 [JR]; Tohmajärvi, Akka-
la, Akkalantie, roadside, near the house of youth society
(69028:36704) 2008 [JR]; Värtsilä, Niirala, side of road
70, near the crossroad of Värtsilä (69018:36870-1) 1998
[JR]; Värtsilä, Niirala, roadside lawn near the railway sta-
tion (69017:36877) 1999 [HØ JR ER].
Taraxacum longisquameum H.Lindb.
This species was found to be sparse by Sonck in
Lieksa, with eight localities. It was Collected by
Marklund in Pyhäselkä (Kb) in 1944. Nowadays
it is one of the common dandelions, observed by
me in 18 municipalities. It is one of the dominant
ones e.g. in Polvijärvi, Haavikonmäki and Outo-
kumpu, Kuusjärvi (Kb).
Taraxacum lucescens Dahlst.
This species was found to be fairly frequent by
Sonck in Lieksa, with 28 localities. It was collect-
ed by Marklund in Joensuu in 1944 and by Suu-
tarinen in Nurmes (Kb) in 1936, and in by Pet-
tersson in Simpele (Kl/Fin) in 1933. I have found
this species in 20 municipalities. Its frequency
have remained unchanged, but the species is not
dominant anywhere. It seems to avoid modern
habitats like park lawns.
Taraxacum macranthoides Hagl.
Collected by Marklund in two localities in Joen-
suu in 1944. Concerning Kb, it is today most
common in Joensuu. I have found it in more than
ten localities. Elsewhere in Kb I have observed it
in six municipalities. Sparse to fairly sparse.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Raatekangas,
roadside lawn, crossroad of Kajaanintie and Raatekan-
kaantie (69501:36427) 1988 [JR]; Joensuu, Raatekangas,
Aspitie 1, garden lawn (69501:36429) 2000 [JR]; Joensuu,
Linnunlahti, Linnunlahdentie, roadside lawn beside Pal-
loilukeidas (69468:36406) 1997 [JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlah-
ti, Heinäpurontie, roadside lawn, beside the botanical gar-
den (69470:36400) 1998 [JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pa-
jutie, lawn, beside 1B (69472:36401) 1998 [JR]; Joensuu,
center, Eteläkatu 14, S-side of the house (69463:36410)
1998 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Kalastajankatu 12, lawn, S-
side of the house (69465:36417) 1999 [JR]; Joensuu, cent-
er, Papinkatu, streetside lawn (6946:3641) 2002 [JR];
Joensuu, Mutala, Nurmeksentie, roadside lawn, beside K-
market (69488:36433) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Joensuu, Sirk-
kala, Kettuvaarantie, roadside, beside the chipboad mill
of Schauman (69472:36427) 2000 [JR]; Joensuu, Louhe-
la, Hallitie, roadside, by the parking place of ice are-
na (69467:36409) 2001 [JR]; Joensuu, Noljakka, Nolja-
kantie, park lawn, beside Lykynnurmentie (69491:36389)
2001 [JR]; Joensuu, Aavaranta, shore park beside Kais-
larannantie (69482:36391) 2007 [JR]; Joensuu, Käpykan-
gas, Kaltimontie 6, roadside (69492:36422) 2009 [JR];
Joensuu, Käpykangas, Voimatie 6, roadside lawn (69490:
36428) 2010 [JR]; Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi, old lawn in
front of the former hospital (69633:36434) 1999 [HØ JR
ER]; Kontiolahti, Asemankylä, lawn near Esso service
station, by highway 6 (69632:36465) 2007 [JR VL]; Li-
peri, Ylämylly, Honkalampi, Liperintie, roadside lawn
(69473:36303) 2000 [JR]; Liperi, Susiaho, roadside of
road 476, SW-side of Pahakorvenniitty (69451:36286)
2009 [JR]; Outokumpu, Porola, Jokiranta, side of the hay-
eld by road 504, NW-side of the house (69627:36082)
2000 [JR]; Rautavaara, church village, Savontie, road-
side at NE-side of the church (70446:35650) 2000 [JR];
Rääkkylä, church village, Paksuniementie, roadside lawn
(69147:36362) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Tohmajärvi, Onkamo,
road 70, roadside lawn, beside the school (69152:36635)
2008 [JR].
Taraxacum maculatum Jordan
This is one of the two dandelions which have es-
caped from my cultivations. I collected the single
escaper. The plant was originally from Hyrynsal-
mi (Kn), where I collected seeds in 1999.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti,
Botania, as cultivation relic, at the background of the bo-
tanic garden (69470:36400) 2008 [JR].
Taraxacum mucronatiforme Markl. ex Puolanne
Collected previously in Finland only from N.
Såltin (1965) treated this species as a synonym of
T. capnocarpum Dahlst., although Haglund had
pointed out much earlier their difference,s based
on Swedish specimens. In 2006 Øllgaard noticed
Haglund’s determinations in S. I have collected
it once.
Specimens examined. Kb: Kesälahti, church village,
Kylänkangas, lawn, by highway 6, beside the Esso service
station (68695:36479) 2000 [JR].
Räsänen • Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013
166
Taraxacum multilobum Dahlst. ex Puolanne
In the 1940s this species was found to be rare in
Lieksa, with 13 localities. Elsewhere in Kb it has
previously been collected by Marklund in Joen-
suu in 1944 and by Sonck in Säyneinen and Rau-
tavaara in 1947. I have found it in many sites in
Joensuu and in eight other municipalities in Kb.
Local, but in some places it is rather frequent.
Specimens examined. Kb: Ilomantsi, Lehtovaara,
Tienhaara, uncultivated eld, NE-side of the house
(69727:37106) 1998 [JR]; Ilomantsi, church village, Po-
gostantie, roadside beside the crossroad of Kauppatie
(69581:37023) 1998 [JR]; Joensuu, Raatekangas, roadside
lawn, on the crossroad of Kajaanintie and Raatekankaan-
tie (69501:36427) 1988 [JR]; Joensuu, Niinivaara, Tikka-
rinne, roadside lawn, crossroad of service trafc road of
the central hospital (69459:36430) 1997 [JR]; Joensuu,
Mutala, Nurmeksentie, roadside lawn, beside K-market
(69489:36433) 1998 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Papinkatu 10,
lawn, S-side of the house (69464:36415) 1997 [JR]; Joen-
suu, center, Kalastajankatu 4, lawn, S-side of the house
(69465:36418) 2002 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Sairaalaka-
tu 10, S-side (69476:36419) 2007 [JR]; Joensuu, Käpy-
kangas, Kuurnankatu, roadside lawn, near Hiiskoskentie
(69490:36419) 2002 [JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, Pami-
lonkatu, roadside lawn, near Hiiskoskentie (69493:36418)
2002 [JR]; Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi, old lawn, in front of
the former hospital (69632:36434) 1997 [JR]; Kesälah-
ti, church village, Kylänkangas, lawn by highway 6, near
Esso service station (68695:36479) 2000 [JR]; Lieksa,
center, Mönninkatu, roadside lawn, NW-side of Asemaka-
tu (70276:36514) 1999 [HØ JR]; Lieksa, Ruunaa, Matti-
la, garden lawn (70346:36682-3) 1999 [HØ JR]; Nurmes,
Höljäkkä, railway station, garden lawn (70415:36220)
2000 [JR]; Pyhäselkä, Rauansalo, roadside by highway
6, near K-market (69260:36598) 1998 [JR]; Tohmajärvi,
Akkala, Akkalantie, roadside by the house of youth soci-
ety (69028:36704) 2008 [JR]; Värtsilä, Niirala, roadside
of road 70, near the crossroads of Värtsilä (69018:36870)
1998 [JR].
häselkä, Hammaslahti, Kiihtelysvaarantie, roadside, E-
side of the village (69290:36539) 1998 [JR]; Tohmajärvi,
Akkala, Akkalantie, roadside beside the house of youth as-
sociation (69028:36704) 2008 [JR].
Taraxacum obliquilobum Dahlst. (syn. T.
unguiculosum H.Lindb. & Palmgr.)
This species was found to be frequent by Sonck
in Lieksa, with more than 80 localities. It favours
“old fashioned” habitats. Collected by Pettersson
in Simpele in 1932 and by Lundevall in Parikka-
la (both Kl/Fin) in 1991. The species is common
and frequent in many localities.
Taraxacum obnubilum Dahlst. ex Puolanne
I have found this species in eight sites in four mu-
nicipalities in Kb, and in neighbouring provinces
in Vehmersalmi (Sb) in 2007, in Ristiina in 2009
and in Mikkeli in 2010 (Sb). Sparse to scattered.
Its local distribution in Kb include Joensuu and
the neighbouring municipalities.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti,
Heinäpurontie, roadside lawn (69470-2:36400) 1998 [JR];
Joensuu, center, Torikatu 11, lawn, E-side of the house
(69466:36419) 2008 [JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, Voima-
tie 10, roadside lawn (69490:36428) 2010 [JR]; Joen-
suu, Raatekangas, Raatekankaantie, roadside lawn slight-
ly westwards of Hallbergintie (69501:36406) 2011 [JR];
Kontiolahti, Pyytivaara, Uilontie 26, the former school
of Pyytivaara, high grass by the house (69627:36489)
2007 [JR VL]; Liperi, Viinijärvi, orthodox church, garden
lawn and roadside by the stone wall (69512:36141) 2005
[JR PO]; Outokumpu, Kuusjärvi, church, side of parking
place (69565:35985) 2005 [JR PO]; Pyhäselkä, Hammas-
lahti, Kiihtelysvaarantie, roadside at E-side of the village
(69290:36539) 1998 [JR].
Taraxacum obtusifrons Markl.
The species was known for a long only from N.
I have found it once in Joensuu, in an industri-
al area. These plants were young and their iden-
tication became possible rst after cultivation.
Probably a recent alien.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Käpykangas,
Kuurnankatu, roadside lawn near Hiiskoskentie (69490:
36419) 2002 [JR].
Taraxacum obtusulum H.Lindb.
This species was found to be sparse by Sonck in
Lieksa, with only three localities. Collected by
him also in Liperi (Kb) in 1974 (H). There are
several collections from neighbouring provinces.
Taraxacum mundulum Railons. (syn. T. spissum
H. Øllg. & J. Räsänen, syn. nov.)
There are no previous collections from east-
ern Finland, the nearest being from Kuusanko-
ski (Ta). That specimen collected by Klingstedt
in 1950s was rst identied as T. praeradians.
I have found this species in Pyhäselkä, Joensuu
and Tohmajärvi (Kb), and in Luumäki (Sa). We
described this taxon as a new species, T. spissum
(Øllgaard & Räsänen 2008), but later we realised
that Railonsala (1962) had described it earlier.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Raatekangas,
Lukkotie, roadside lawn (69500:36423) 2000 [JR]; Py-
Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013 • Räsänen 167
I have found it in 18 municipalities in Kb and Kl/
Fin. Locally frequent, e.g. in Nurmes, Höljäkkä
(Kb).
Taraxacum oistophorum Markl.
I found this species in Joensuu in 1989, and rec-
ollected it in 2002, when I took also seeds. Based
on cultivated specimens it was identied in 2007
(Räsänen 2009). Then I realised that Sonck had
collected it in Joensuu already in 1977, at about
one kilometer from my locality. It was unidenti-
ed in his collections. Sparse. Not previosuly ob-
served in Finland.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, center, Kalasta-
jankatu 12, lawn, S-side of the house (69465:36416) 1989
[JR]; Joensuu, center, Papinkatu 10, lawn, S-side of the
house (69464:36415) 2002 [JR].
Taraxacum ossiclivosum J. Räsänen
This species is described in this volume (Räsänen
2013). Sparse in Outokumpu (Kb) and Luumäki
(Sa) in 2001 and in Savitaipale (Sa) in 2013.
Specimens examined. Kb: Outokumpu, Kuusjär-
vi, roadside of road 17, beside the church (69566:35985)
2005 [JR PO].
Taraxacum oxycentrum Markl.
There are no previous observations of this species
in the study area. Closest locality was in Elimä-
ki in 2000 (N), where I found it for the rst time.
There after I have collected it in Joensuu and
Tuupovaara (Kb) in 2005, Vehmersalmi (Sb) in
2007 and Suomussalmi (Ok) in 2001.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Noljakka, Aava-
ranta, N-side of Nuottaniementie, former building site,
beside of the crossroad of the beach (69484:36385) 1989
[JR]; Tuupovaara, Saarivaara, garden lawn (69128:36971)
2005 [JR PO].
Taraxacum pallescens Dahlst.
There are no previous observations of this species
in the study area. It was collected by A. Ulvinen
from the neighbouring province Sa, in Kouvola
in 1940. I have found it in Joensuu, Linnunlahti
and Käpykangas, and also in Rääkkylä, Juhmak-
ka (Kb). Scattered.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pa-
jutie 1, garden lawn (69472:36401) 1986 [JR]; Joensuu,
Käpykangas, Kaltimontie 1, roadside (69491:36423) 2009
[JR]; Rääkkylä, Kompakka, Juhmakka, Astola, eld, SE-
side of the road 484 (69142:36482) 1999 [HØ JR ER].
Taraxacum pallidipes Markl.
Collected by Marklund in Joensuu in 1944, by
Sonck in Lieksa in 1948 and Riistavesi (Kb) in
1947, and by Railonsala in Kajaani (Ok) in 1956.
I have found it in 12 municipalities in Kb; Kitee,
Värtsilä, Rääkkylä, Pyhäselkä, Joensuu, Liperi,
Kontiolahti, Ilomantsi, Lieksa, Polvijärvi, Outo-
kumpu and Juuka, and in Parikkala and Simpele
(Kl/Fin). In Joensuu it is common and locally fre-
quent, e.g. in the neighbourhood of Pajutie.
Taraxacum pectinatiforme H.Lindb.
This species was found to be fairly sparse by
Sonck in Lieksa, with 15 localities. Collected by
Marklund and Sonck in Joensuu (Kb) in 1944,
by Pettersson in Simpele (Kl/Fin) in 1933 and by
Sonck in Parikkala (Kl/Fin) in 1974. Nowadays
Fig. 13. Taraxacum obnubilumis is widely distributed in
Finland but still scattered and rare.
Räsänen • Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013
168
this is the most common and frequent dandelion
in the study area, occurring in all municipalities
in Kb.
Taraxacum petterssonii Markl.
I have found this species in Joensuu and two
neighbouring municipalities in Kb. Sparse to fair-
ly sparse. Most probably a recent alien.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pa-
jutie 1 B, lawn, N-side of the house (69472:36401) 2007
[JR]; Liperi, Ylämylly, Honkalampi, Liperintie, roadside
(69473:36303) 2000 [JR]; Pyhäselkä, Hammaslahti, Kiih-
telysvaarantie, roadside, E-side of the village (69290:
36539) 1999 [HØ JR ER].
Taraxacum piceatifrons Sahlin
Described by Sahlin (1976) on based on at spec-
imens collected by Sonck in Lieksa, Salonkylä,
Ala-Laukanvaara in 1946. He recollected it there
in 1975 and from the neighbouring Ala-Musta-
vaara in 1981. I have collected it with Øllgaard in
the type locality. Sonck found it in the center of
Joensuu in 1979, and I recollected later. This spe-
cies is perhaps more common than observed, as
some individuals are difcult to separate from T.
agroglossum even when cultivated side by side.
However, when well developed these are quite
easy to distinguish.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pa-
jutie 1 C 14, lawn, at the hedge (69472:36401) 2004 [JR];
Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Kuusitie 2 A 6, lawn, S-side of the
house (69427: 36400) 2008 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Tori-
katu 11, lawn, E-side of the house (69466:36419) 2008
[JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, Voimatie 10, roadside lawn
(69491:36428) 2010 [JR]; Lieksa, Salonkylä, Ala-Laukan-
vaara, garden lawn (70001:36614) 1999 [HØ JR].
Taraxacum piceatum Dahlst.
In eastern Finland there are older collections of
this species only from Lappeenranta (Sa) by Buch
in 1907 and from Ok by Heikkinen in 1959, 1960,
1965 and 1971. Identication of 1965 specimen
is uncertain. I have found it in Joensuu and Rääk-
kylä (Kb) and in Saari (Kl/Fin). Usually sparse,
but scattered in Joensuu, Aavaranta. From neigh-
bouring province Sb I have collected it in Leppä-
virta in 2007.
Specimens examined. Kl/Fin: Saari, Akonpohja, Aka-
pohjantie, roadside lawn (68461:36421) 1999 [HØ JR
ER]. Kb: Joensuu, Niinivaara, Tikkamäentie 7, by the
street, under the hedge (69462:36429) 2002 [JR]; Joensuu,
Aavaranta, shore park, beside Kaislarannantie (69482:
6391) 2007 [JR VL]; Rääkkylä, Kompakka, Juhmakka,
Astola eld, SE-side of road 484 (69142:36482) 1999
[HØ JR ER]; Rääkkylä, church village, Paksuniementie,
roadside lawn (69147:36362) 1999 [HØ JR ER].
Taraxacum planum Raunk. emend. H. Øllg. (syn.
T. chloroleucum Dahlst.)
This species was found by Marklund in Lieksa in
1944, and by Sonck in Kaavi in 1947. It is rare
also in neighbouring provinces, recorded by Kyy-
hkynen in Maaninka (Sb), and by Heikkinen in
Kajaani (Ok). It was known earlier by its young-
er name T. chloroleucum, which Øllgaard (1972)
synonymized with T. planum. In Såltin (1965) T.
chloroleucum is a synonym of T. trilobatum. Con-
sequently many specimens of T. planum may be
placed in collections as T. trilobatum. Nowadays
this species seems to become more common than
in Sonck’s time. I have found it in 19 municipal-
ities in Kb, but not in NW region. Observations
are lacking also from some southern municipal-
ities. In Joensuu it is common and locally fair-
ly frequent.
Taraxacum polyodon Dahlst.
This species was found to be very rare by Sonck
in Lieksa, with only one locality, Collected by
Buch in Lappeenranta (Sa) in 1908, by Heikki-
nen in Kajaani (Ok) in 1957, and by Saarsoo in
Hyrynsalmi (Ok) in 1961. I have found two local-
ities in Joensuu and three in Kontiolahti. Sparse,
except in Kontioniemi, where it is frequent and
repeatedly collected during years.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pa-
jutie 1, roadside and garden lawn (69472:36401) 1998
[JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, Voimatie 10, roadside lawn
(69491:36428) 2010 [JR]; Kontiolahti, Paihola, lawn, E-
side of the residential building, SW-side of the hospital
(69565:36502) 1989 [JR]; Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi, old
lawn in front of the former hospital (69633:36433-4) 1999
[HØ JR ER]; Kontiolahti, Asemankylä, lawn near Esso
service station, by the highway 6 (69632:36456) 2007 [JR
VL].
Taraxacum porcellisinus Sonck & H. Øllg.
The species is rare in Finland. It was described
based on at specimens collected in Li (Sonck &
Øllgaard 1999). I have found it in two localities
in Kuusamo (Ks) in 2009, and once in Joensuu.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Käpykangas, Kal-
timontie 1, roadside (69491:36423) 2009 [JR].
Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013 • Räsänen 169
Taraxacum porrigens Markl. ex Puolanne
Lundevall collected this species in Simpele (Kl/
Fin) in 1991. No other observations.
Taraxacum praeradians Dahlst. (syn. T.
macranthum Dahlst.)
This species was found to be frequent by Sonck
in Lieksa, with two adjacent localities, he found
it also in Joensuu in 1944. I have found it in
four municipalities in Kb, and to be frequent in
Heinävesi (Sb) in 2007. In the study area it has al-
ways been sparse.
Specimens examined. Kb: Ilomantsi, Mähkö, iron
works area (69558:37199) 1999 [HØ JR]; Joensuu, Sirk-
kala, Kettuvaarantie, roadside beside the dairy (69472:
36429) 1999 [JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Botania, lawn,
back side of the botanical garden (69470:36400) 2005
[JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pajutie 1 B 4, garden lawn,
W-side of the house (69472:36401) 2008 [JR]; Outo-
kumpu, Kuusjärvi, roadside of road 17, beside the church
(69566:35985) 2005 [JR PO]; Polvijärvi, Martonvaara,
tall grassland, by the sportseld (69953:36236) 1999 [HØ
JR ER].
Taraxacum praestabile Railons.
This is the other species which have escaped
from my garden. The other one was T. macula-
tum. Raised of seeds collected in Tornio, Kaaka-
mo (PeP), the type locality of this species. A fa-
vourite dandelion of brown hares in my garden.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pa-
jutie 1 B 4, garden lawn, W-side of the house (69472:
36401) 2005 [JR].
Taraxacum privum Dahlst.
Rare in eastern Finland, collected twice by Sonck
in Lieksa (Kb). It has been observed in neigh-
bouring provinces in Valkeala (Sa) by Klingstedt
in 1955, in Kuopio (Sb) by Sonck in 1943, and in
Kajaani (Ok) by Arvonen in 1912, by Railonsa-
la in 1955 and by Heikkinen in 1956. Not found
by me.
Taraxacum procerisquameum H. Øllg.
This species was foucollected ve times in Fin-
land in Ab in the 1960s, rst determined as T. pro-
cerum. I have collected it in Joensuu in 1989, and
since that in nine districts in the city, and else-
where in Kb in nine municipalities. Usually scat-
tered. Joensuu is the center of its distribution in
Finland, and in the Noljakka district it is frequent.
Elsewhere in Finland I have collected it only in
Anjalankoski (Ka) and in Jaala (Ta) both in 2007.
Specimens examined. Kb: Eno, church village, Enon-
tie, roadside by the church (69689:36613) 2000 [JR];
Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pajutie 1, roadside and garden lawn
(69472:36401–2) 1989 [JR]; Joensuu, Niinivaara, Tik-
karinne, roadside lawn, in crossroad of central hospital
service trafc (69459:36430) 1997 [JR]; Joensuu, Mu-
tala, Nurmeksentie, roadside lawn, beside the K-market
(69488:36433) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Joensuu, Sirkkala, Ket-
tuvaarantie, roadside beside the Schauman chipboard mill
(69472:36427) 2000 [JR]; Joensuu, Raatekangas, Luk-
kotie, roadside lawn (69500:36423) 2000 [JR]; Joensuu,
Raatekangas, Wahlforsinkatu, roadside, N-side of the rail-
way (69496:36419) 2009 [JR]; Joensuu, Noljakka, Nolja-
kantie, park lawn beside Lykynnurmentie (69491:36389)
2001 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Kalastajankatu 4, lawn at
S-side of the house (69465:36418) 2002 [JR]; Joen-
suu, center, Rantakatu 35, E-side of the re station, near
Maaherrankuja (69476:36424) 2007 [JR]; Joensuu, Kä-
pykangas, Pamilonkatu, roadside lawn near Hiiskosken-
tie (69493:36418) 2002 [JR]; Joensuu, Aavaranta, shore
park, beside Kaislarannantie (69482:36391) 2007 [JR];
Kiihtelysvaara, church village, Tohmajärventie, roadside
(69361:36679) 2000 [JR]; Kitee, Anttola, center, roadside
lawn of by-road, N-side of the crossroad of Puhoksentie
Fig. 14. Taraxacum porcellisinus has three known locali-
ties, of which the southernmost in Joensuu.
Räsänen • Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013
170
and Kiteentie (68925:36633) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Liperi,
Lamminniemi, Kyläsärkkä, Tuomela, high grass, SW-
side of road 482 (69372:36249) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Liperi,
church village, lawn, E-side of the church (69381:36231)
2000 [JR CES]; Liperi, Susiaho, roadside of road 476,
SW-side of Pahankorvenniitty (69451:36286) 2009 [JR];
Outokumpu, Kuusjärvi, road side, by road 17, beside
the church (69566:35986) 2000 [JR]; Outokumpu, Poro-
la, Jokiranta, side of the hayeld, by road 504, NW-side
of the house (69627:36082) 2000 [JR]; Pyhäselkä, Rei-
jola, Reijolantie, roadside (69411:36457) 2004 [JR MR];
Tohmajärvi, Kemie, lawn, SW-side of the road to Niira-
la, beside the service station (69066:36735) 1999 [HØ JR
ER]; Tuupovaara, Kovero, Koverontie, hayeld by the
road, N-side of the village (69432:36820) 1999 [HØ JR].
Taraxacum procerum Hagl.
Collected by Marklund in Joensuu (Kb) in 1944,
by Heikkinen and Såltin in Hyrynsalmi (Ok) in
1965. I have found it once in Kb.
Specimens examined. Kb: Liperi, Ylämylly, Honka-
lampi, Liperintie, roadside (69473:36303) 2000 [JR].
Taraxacum pulcherrimum H.Lindb.
Collected earlier in eastern Finland only in Ok,
with several localities in Kajaani, the oldest one
collected by Arvonen in 1912. Heikkinen collect-
ed it in Paltamo (Ok) in 1956. I have collected it
in two municipalities in Kb. Sparse.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, center, Papinkatu
8, by the street under the hedge (69464:36416) 2002 [JR]);
Tohmajärvi, Kemie, lawn, SW-side of the road to Niirala,
near the service station (69066:6735) 1999 [HØ JR ER].
Fig. 15. Distribution of Taraxacum procerisquameum
(15 B) in the study area. It has most likely arrived first to
Joensuu.
Taraxacum pulverulentum H. Øllg.
I reported this species as new to Finland on the
basis of specimens colleced in Oulu, Obo in 2002
(Räsänen 2005). However, a specimen collected
by Heikkinen in Kajaani (Ok) in 1964 was iden-
tied by Øllgaard as T. pulverulentum (S) already
in 1992. I found it in Värtsilä (Kb) in 2005.
Specimens examined. Kb: Värtsilä, Niirala, roadside
(69018:36871) 2005 [JR PO].
Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013 • Räsänen 171
Taraxacum puolannei Markl. ex Puolanne (syn.
T. aculeatum Hagl.)
This species was found to be rare by Sonck in
Lieksa, with only three localities. Collected by
Pettersson in Simpele in 1933, and by Lundevall
in Parikkala (Kl/Fin) in 1991. It is also known
from Sb and Ok. I have found it in nearly all mu-
nicipalities in Kb. In some sites it is the dominant
dandelion.
Taraxacum pycnolobum Dahlst.
Collected in the study area only by Sonck, in
Lieksa in 1945 and in Joensuu in 1944. Collect-
ed previously from Lappeenranta and Lauritsala
(Sa), Kuopio (Sb), Kajaani and Paltamo (Ok).
Taraxacum railonsalae Hagl. & Saarsoo
This dandelion is distributed mainly in western
Finland (Ab, St, Oa and Obu). Sparse in Joensuu
in 2002 on a garden lawn established a few years
before. In 2009 I found it also in Posio (Ks) in
2009.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Paju-
tie 1 C 14, lawn, by the hedge (69472:36401) 2002 [JR].
Taraxacum recurvum Dahlst.
This species was found to be rare and sparse by
Sonck in Lieksa, with only four localities. Col-
lected by Marklund and Sonck in Joensuu in the
1944. There are many old collecetions from Ka-
jaani (Ok), and collected by Heikkinen in Hyryn-
salmi (Ok) in 1971 and by me in 1999.
Taraxacum retroexum H.Lindb.
This species was found to be common by Son-
ck in Lieksa, with more than 50 localities. Col-
lected also in Nurmes (Kb) by Suutarinen in 1937
and in Joensuu by Marklund in 1944, and by Son-
ck in Parikkala (Kl/Fin) in 1974. Common in the
study area.
Taraxacum sahlinii Railons.
Described by Railonsala (1967) based on at spec-
imens collected in Tornio (Obu). It seems that it
is currently spreading in the study area. Recent-
ly found in Lieksa, Kylänlahti (scattered), in the
area which was examined by Sonck. As this spe-
cies is easy to recognise, it is not obvious, that it
would have remained unnoticed by him. On the
other hand, this species is almost absent in many
recently examined localities. I have found it in
11 municipalities in Kb and also in Simpele (Kl/
Fin). In Kaavi it was frequent, elsewhere scat-
tered to sparse.
Specimens examined. Kl/Fin: Rautjärvi, Simpele,
roadside of road 4051, beside the church (68170:36276)
2000 [JR]). Kb: Ilomantsi, Möhkö, iron eld manor, high
grass SW-side of the house (69558:37200) 1999 [HØ
JR]; Juankoski, Säyneinen, Viitaniemi, roadside of road
570, beside the school (70047:35745) 2000 [JR]; Juu-
ka, NE-side of the church village, Juuantie, roadside,
(70180:36140) 2000 [JR]; Kaavi, W-side of the church
village, roadside of road 573, (69867:35743) 2000 [JR];
Kiihtelysvaara, church village, Tohmajärventie, roadside
(69361:36679) 2000 [JR]; Kitee, Tolosenmäki, dry eld
by the hihgway 6, beside the service station (68965:36588)
2008 [JR]; Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi, in front of the former
hospital, by the road (69632:36433) 1999 [HØ JR ER];
Lieksa, Kylänlahti, railway station, lawn near the station
building (70317:36378) 1988 [JR]; Lieksa, Kylänlahti,
high grass, SW-side of the former school (70322:36373)
1999 [HØ JR]; Polvijärvi, Martonvaara, eld in the be-
ginning of Laivarannantie (69953:36236) 1998 [JR];
Rautavaara, NE-side of the church village, Savontie,
roadside (70446:35650) 2000 [JR]; Tohmajärvi, Akka-
la, Akkalantie, roadside beside the house of youth soci-
ety (69028:36704) 2008 [JR]; Värtsilä, Niirala, roadside
of road 70, near the crossroads to Värtsilä (69018:36870)
1998 [JR].
Taraxacum sellandii Dahlst.
This species is rare in eastern Finland. Collected
by Pettersson in Simpele (Kl/Fin) in 1933 and by
Heikkinen in Kajaani (Ok) in 1956. Scattered in
Joensuu (Kb).
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pa-
jutie 1, roadside and garden lawn (69472:36401-2) 1988
[JR].
Taraxacum serratifrons Florstr.
This species grows mainly in SW Finland, with
scattered occurrences to Oa to Ka. In eastern Fin-
land it was collected by Heikkinen in Hyrynsal-
mi (Ok) in 1960. I have found it once in Joensuu.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Käpykangas, Voi-
matie 10, roadside lawn (69491:36428) 2010 [JR].
Taraxacum sertatum Kirschner, H. Øllg. &
Štĕpánek
This species was found as new to Finland in Kon-
tiolahti (Kb) in 1999, two years after its descrip-
Räsänen • Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013
172
tion (Kirschner & Štĕpánek 1997). Later found in
Joensuu. Sparse. Obviously a recent alien.
Specimens examined. Kb: Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi,
old lawn in front of the former hospital (69632:36434)
1999 [JR HØ ER]; Joensuu, Raatekangas, Avainkuja,
roadside (69498:36423) 2005 [JR].
Taraxacum severum M.P. Chr.
Collected by Øllgaard in the center of Lieksa as
new to Finland (Räsänen 2007). Sparse. Frequent
in Pori, Reposaari (St) in 2005.
Specimens examined. Kb: Lieksa, center, Asemaka-
tu, center lawn of the street, SW-end (70276:36514) 1999
[HØ JR]; Lieksa, center, Mönninkatu, roadside grass,
NW-side of Asemakatu (70276:36514) 1999 [HØ JR].
Taraxacum sinus-avis J. Räsänen
This species is described in this volume (Räsänen
2013). Common in Joensuu, Linnunlahti. Else-
where in Kb it has been found to be sparse in Säy-
neinen and Outokumpu. I have collected it also in
Lohja (Ab) and Espoo (N) in 2007.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pa-
jutie, roadside and garden lawns (69472:36401) 1997
[JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Louhela, Linnunlahdentie 2,
lawn between a road and Louhela school (69466:36410)
1997 [JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Heinäpurontie, roadside
lawn, area between Paju- and Kuusitie (69472-3:46400)
2002 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Papinkatu 10, lawn at S-side of
the house (69464:36415) 1997 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Ran-
takatu 19, lawn under lime trees (69471:6421) 2007 [JR];
Juankoski, Säyneinen, Viitaniemi, side of road 570, near
the school (70047:35745) 2000 [JR]; Outokumpu, Kuus-
järvi, side of the road 17, beside the church (69566:35986)
2000 [JR].
Taraxacum sonckii Hagl. ex Sahlin
This species was found to be very frequent by
Sonck in Lieksa, Kylänlahti in 1946. Haglund
identied it as a new species but did not describe
it. Sahlin (1976) provided a formal description.
Collected by Lundevall in Parikkala (Kl/Fin) in
1991. Together with Øllgaard we searched the
type locality of T. sonckii without success.
Taraxacum speciosiorum M.P. Chr.
This species was collected in Finland by Sonck
(1991) in Li in 1979, and later by Øllgaard and
Reinikka in Mikkeli (Sa) in 1999. I have found it
in Joensuu in 2010. Sparse. Outside Finland this
species is known only from Denmark and Ger-
many.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Käpykangas, Voi-
matie 10, roadside grass, sparse (69491:36428) 2010 [JR].
Taraxacum stenoglossum Brenner (syn. T.
dahlstedtii H.Lindb.)
This species was found to be quite common by
Sonck in Lieksa, with 39 localities. He observed
it also in Nurmes, Joensuu, Kaavi and Säyneinen
(all Kb). Collected by Lundevall in Simpele (Kl/
Fin) in 1991. I have observed it in Kb in 15 mu-
nicipalities and in Kl/Fin in three ones.
Taraxacum stenoschistum Dahlst.
Collected by Sonck in Joensuu in 1944, and in
Lieksa, Kevätniemi in 1945, with many speci-
mens, and in Parikkala (Kl/Fin) in 1982. I have
found it in three localities in Kb, and in Heinäve-
si (Sb) in 2007. Sparse.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, center, Kalasta-
jankatu 8, S-side of the house (69465:36418) 1999 [JR];
Liperi, Viinijärvi, orthodox church, by the road near
the stone wall (69512:36141) 2005 [JR PO]; Rääkkylä,
church village, Meteli, grass, near the power station PKS
(69141:36365) 1999 [HØ JR ER].
Taraxacum stereodes Ekm. ex Hagl.
Sonck observed this species in Suonenjoki and
Kuopio (Sb) in 1943 and Lundevall in Lappeen-
ranta (Sa) in 1991. Collected by me in the center
of Joensuu in 1997, and in neighbouring province
Ok in Kajaani in 2000.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, center, Kalasta-
jankatu 8, lawn at S-side of the house (69465:36417) 1997
[JR].
Taraxacum subalatum H.Lindb.
Sonck (1964a) mentioned that he found two pop-
ulations of T. subalatum in Lieksa, but these spec-
imens represent T. coartatum. Elsewhere in east-
ern Finland known only from Ok. Not found by
me.
Taraxacum subcanescens Markl. ex Puolanne
This species is previously known from neigh-
bouring provinces, collected by Kyyhkynen in
Nilsiä in 1915 and in Pielavesi in 1933 (Sb), by
Sonck in Suonenjoki (Sb) in 1947 and by Heikki-
nen and Såltin in Hyrynsalmi (Ok) in 1965. I have
found it in nine municipalities in Kb, and in Sim-
pele (Kl/Fin). Sparse to scattered.
Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013 • Räsänen 173
Specimens examined. Kl/Fin: Rautjärvi, Simpele, side
of road 4051 beside the church (68170:36276) 2000 [JR].
Kb: Ilomantsi, Möhkö, Kalliovaara, Kalliola, garden lawn
(69628:37235) 1997 [JR]; Ilomantsi, church village, Po-
gostantie, roadside, S-side of the crossroads to Möhkö
(69556:37018) 1998 [JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, by the
ringroad, between Kajaanintie and railway, N-side of the
road (6948:3642) 1989 [JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, Pami-
lonkatu, roadside lawn, near Hiiskoskentie (69493:36418)
2002 [JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, Voimatie 6, roadside
lawn (69490:36428) 2010 [JR]; Joensuu, Otsola, Kuo-
piontie, roadside beside the university (69474:36411)
1997 [JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Heinäpurontie, roadside
lawn, beside the botanical garden (69470:36400) 1998
[JR]; Joensuu, Raatekangas, Lukkotie, roadside lawn
(69500:36423) 2000 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Kalastajanka-
tu 4, lawn, S-side of the house (69465:36418) 2002 [JR];
Joensuu, Aavaranta, shore park, beside Kaislarannantie
(69482:36391) 2007 [JR]; Juuka, NE-side of the church
village, Juuantie, roadside, (70180:36140) 2000 [JR];
Kesälahti, church village, Kylänkangas, lawn by the high-
way 6, near Esso service station (68695:36479) 2000 [JR];
Kitee, center (Anttola), roadside lawn of by-road, N-side
of crossroads of Kiteentie and Puhoksentie (68925:36633)
1999 [HØ JR ER]; Kitee, Tolosenmäki, dry eld, by the
highway 6, near the service station (68965:36588) 2008
[JR]; Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi, old lawn, in front of the
former hospital (69632:36434) 1997 [JR]; Pyhäselkä,
Hammaslahti, Liitoskuja, roadside lawn (69285:36532)
2011 [JR]; Tohmajärvi, Kemie, lawn, SW-side of the way
to Niirala, near the service station (69066:36735) 1999
[HØ JR ER]; Värtsilä, Niirala, roadside of the road 70,
near the crossroads to Värtsilä (69018:36870) 1998 [JR];
Värtsilä, Niirala, roadside lawn near the railway station
(69017:36877) 1999 [HØ JR ER].
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Raatekangas,
Lukkotie, roadside lawn (69500:36423) 2000 [JR]; Joen-
suu, Raatekangas, Wahlforsinkatu, N-side of the railway
(69496:36419) 2009 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Kalastajanka-
tu 4, lawn at S-side of the house (69465:36418) 2002 [JR].
Taraxacum subhuelphersianum M.P. Chr.
This species was described by Christiansen
(1971) based on at specimens collected in Den-
mark in 1953. It was found to be frequent by Son-
ck in Lieksa in 1944, with only four localities. He
named is tentatively as T. laetiorum ined. It was
collected by Marklund in Joensuu, also in 1944.
In the neighbouring province Ok it was rst col-
lected by Heikkinen in Hyrynsalmi in 1960. I
have found T. subhuelphersianum quite regular-
ly in Kb, in 12 municipalities, and once in Saari
(Kl/Fin). Most likely it is more common than
observed, because the majority of observations
Fig. 16. Taraxacum subhuelphersianum is one of the few
species of section Taraxacum not producing pollen.
Taraxacum subdahlstedtii M.P. Chr.
First found in Kb in Joensuu and Kontiolahti in
1990s (Räsänen 2009). A recent alien, which have
become more abundant during the past 15 years.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Lin-
nunlahdentie, rather new roadside lawn beside the curl-
ing hall (69468:36405) 1997 [JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti,
Louhela, Linnunlahdentie 2, lawn between the road and
Louhela school (69466:36410) 1997 [JR]; Joensuu, Lin-
nunlahti, Pajutie 1, roadside lawn (69472:36401) 1999
[HØ JR ER]; Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi, old lawn, in front
of the former hospital (69631:6434) 1997 [JR].
Taraxacum subglaucescens Markl.
Collected by V. Hosiaisluoma in Kontiolahti, Var-
paranta (Kb) in 1970, and in neighbouring prov-
ince Sb by Kyyhkynen in Maaninka in 1946. Rare
in Kb.
Räsänen • Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013
174
were made in 1999, when Øllgaard was in the
eld with me and conrmed the identications.
Sparse to fairly sparse. The species is probably
fairly common all over Finland, as I have collect-
ed it also in seven other provinces (Ab, N, Oa, Sb,
Om, Ok and Obu).
Specimens examined. Kl/Fin: Saari, Akonpohja, Aka-
pohjantie, roadside lawn (68461:36421) 1999 [HØ JR
ER]. Kb: Ilomantsi, church village, Pogostantie, roadside
near the crossroads of Möhkö (69560:37019) 1998 [JR];
Ilomantsi, Möhkö, iron work (69558:37199) 1999 [HØ
JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, by the ringroad, between Ka-
jaanintie and railway, N-side of the road (69486:36428)
1989 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Papinkatu 10, lawn, S-side of
the house (69464:36414) 1999 [JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti,
Pajutie, roadside lawn (69472:36401) 1999 [HØ JR ER];
Joensuu, Mutala, Nurmeksentie, roadside lawn, beside
the K-market (69488:36433) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Kesälah-
ti, church village, Kylänkangas, lawn by highway 6, be-
side Esso service station (68695:36479) 2000 [JR]; Kon-
tiolahti, Kontioniemi, old lawn in front of the former hos-
pital (69633:36434) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Kontiolahti, Pyy-
tivaara, Uilontie 26, high grass by the former school of
Pyytivaara (69627:36489) 2007 [JR VL]; Lieksa, Ruu-
naa, Mattila, garden lawn (70346:36683) 1988 [JR]; Liek-
sa, center, Asemakatu, SW-side of the center lawn of the
street (70276:36514) 1999 [HØ JR]; Liperi, Lamminnie-
mi, Kyläsärkkä, Tuomela, high grass, SW-side of road
482 (69372:36249) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Liperi, Ylämylly,
Lahdensuo, fallow eld between Ylämyllyntie 69 and 71
(69483:36311) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Nurmes, Höljäkkä, rail-
way station, garden lawn (70415:36220) 2000 [JR]; Py-
häselkä, Hammaslahti, Kiihtelysvaarantie, roadside, E-
side of the village (69290:36536) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Py-
häselkä, Reijola, Reijolantie, roadside (69411:36457)
2004 [JR MR]; Rautavaara, church village, Savontie,
roadside, NE-side of the church (70446:35650) 2000 [JR];
Rääkkylä, church village, Paksuniementie, roadside lawn
(69147:6362) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Tohmajärvi, Kemie,
lawn, SW-side of the way to Niirala, beside the service
station (69066:36735) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Värtsilä, Niira-
la, roadside lawn, near the railway station (69017:36877)
1999 [HØ JR ER].
Taraxacum sublaeticolor Dahlst.
According to Sonck this species was fairly rare
in Lieksa, with 19 localities. Elsewhere in Kb it
have been collected by Marklund in Joensuu in
1944, and by Sonck in Kaavi, Säyneinen and Rau-
tavaara in 1947. Collected early also by Marklund
and Arvonen in Sortavala (Kl/Rus) in 1910. To-
day scattered in Kb, known from nine municipal-
ities. Also in Saari, Akonpohja (Kl/Fin). In Joen-
suu it is common and sometimes quite frequent.
Specimens examined. Kl/Fin: Saari, Akonpohja, Aka-
pohjantie, roadside lawn (68461:36421) 1999 [HØ JR
ER]. Kb: Ilomantsi, Möhkö, iron work (69558:37199)
1999 [HØ JR]; Ilomantsi, church village, lawn near the
orthodox church (69590:37008) 1999 [HØ JR]; Joen-
suu, Sirkkala, railway station, along the rails, SE-side of
the station building (69469:36427) 1988 [JR]; Joensuu,
center, Rantakatu 30, lawn at S-side (69473:36423) 1989
[JR]; Joensuu, center, Papinkatu 10, lawn, S-side of the
house (69464:6415) 1997 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Kalasta-
jankatu 4, lawn, S-side of the house (69465:36418) 2002
[JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pajutie, roadside lawn, by 1B
(69472:36401) 1997 [JR]; Joensuu, Mutala, Nurmeksentie,
roadside lawn, beside K-market (69489:36433) 1998 [JR];
Joensuu, Noljakka, Noljakantie, roadside lawn, N-side of
the road, E-side of Siilaistentie (69490:36395) 1997 [JR];
Joensuu, Noljakka, Noljakantie, park lawn beside Lykyn-
nurmentie (69491:36389) 2001 [JR]; Joensuu, Käpy-
kangas, Pamilonkatu, roadside lawn near Hiiskoskentie
(69493:36418) 2002 [JR]; Juuka, NE-side of the church
village, Juuantie, roadside, (70180:36140) 2000 [JR];
Kontiolahti, Pyytivaara, Uilontie 26, high grass near theh
former school of Pyytivaara (69627:36489) 2007 [JR VL];
Lieksa, Kylänlahti, railway station, lawn by station build-
ing (70317:36378) 1988 [JR]; Lieksa, center, Asemaka-
tu, SW-side of central lawn of the street (70275:36512)
1999 [HØ JR]; Polvijärvi, Martonvaara, dry eld in the
beginning of Laivarannantie (69953:36236) 1998 [JR];
Pyhäselkä, Hammaslahti, Kiihtelysvaarantie, roadside,
E-side of the village (69290:36536) 1999 [HØ JR ER];
Rääkkylä, church village, Paksuniementie, roadside lawn
(69147:36362) 1999 [HØ JR ER]; Tohmajärvi, Kemie,
lawn, SW-side of the road to Niirala, near the service sta-
tion (69066:36735) 1999 [HØ JR ER].
Taraxacum subinvestiens J. Räsänen
This species is described in this volume (Räsänen
2013). I have found it four times in northern Joen-
suu, within a few squarekilometre area. Sparse.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Raatekangas, As-
pitie, garden lawn (69501:36429) 2000 [JR]; Joensuu,
Käpykangas, Kuurnankatu, roadside beside Kaltimontie 1,
on lawn (69491:36422) 2009 [JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas,
roadside lawn (69490:36428) 2010 [JR]; Joensuu, Siihta-
la, roadside lawn near Utrantie (69478:36429) 2011 [JR].
Taraxacum submaculosum Markl.
Amongst section Tarxaxacum this is an excep-
tional species, as it has remarkably declined. It
was found to be common and frequent by Sonck
in Lieksa, with almost 160 localities. In the study
area it has been observed earlier also in Nurmes,
Joensuu, Kaavi and Säyneinen (Kb), and in Parik-
kala and Simpele (Kl/Fin). I have found it in sev-
Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013 • Räsänen 175
en localities in Kb. Only a few individuals in all
localities.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Raatekangas, Luk-
kotie, roadside lawn (69500:36423) 2002 [JR]; Joensuu,
Käpykangas, Voimatie 6, roadside lawn (69490:36428)
2010 [JR]; Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi, dry roadside eld,
E-corner of the former hospital (69632:36434) 1999
[HØ JR ER]; Kontiolahti, Asemankylä, lawn, near Esso
service station, by highway 6 (69632:36465) 2007 [JR
VL]; Liperi, Ylämylly, Honkalampi, Liperintie, roadside
(69473:36303) 2000 [JR]; Outokumpu, Kuusjärvi, sandy
sportseld (69567:35983) 2005 [JR PO]; Polvijärvi, Mar-
tonvaara, dry eld in the beginning of Laivarannantie
(69953:36236) 1998 [JR].
Taraxacum subrubescens Dahlst. ex Hagl.
There is a specimen named T. subrubescens in S,
collected by Sonck in Lieksa in 1945, determined
by Haglund as T. isthmicola. Collected by Kyyh-
kynen form neighbouring province Sb in Pielave-
si in 1939 and identied as T. subrubescens, but
Øllgaard disagreed with this identication in
2006. Consequently, there is no conrmed obser-
vations from eastern Finland.
Taraxacum subserratifrons Saarsoo
Saarsoo (1962) described the species in 1962
based on at specimens collected by Heikkinen
in Hyrynsalmi, Kangasjärvi (Ok). This was for a
long the only observation from eastern Finland. I
have collected it in three localities in Joensuu and
in one in Valtimo. In the latter there were many
individuals.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlah-
ti, Kuusitie, roadside lawn (69472:36402) 1999 [HØ JR
ER]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, lawn, NW-side of pedestri-
an way (69468:36403) 2008 [JR]; Joensuu, Raatekangas,
Aspitie 1, garden lawn (69501:36429) 2000 [JR]; Valti-
mo, church village, Nurmeksentie, roadside of highway 6
(70658:35898) 2000 [JR].
Taraxacum subtile Markl.
Marklund (1911) described this species based on
at specimens collected by himself in Sortavala
(Kl/Rus) in 1911. Lindberg recollected it in the
same place in 1938. I have found it once in Joen-
suu.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, city center, Pa-
pinkatu 10, lawn, S-side of the house, fairly sparse
(69464:36415) 1997 [JR].
Taraxacum subulatum Markl.
New to eastern Finland. I have found this species
once in Ilomantsi (Kb). Sparse. Older collections
from Finland have been done only in N and Li.
Specimens examined. Kb: Ilomantsi, church village,
Pogostantie, roadside, S-side of the crossroads to Möhkö
(69556:37018) 1998 [JR].
Taraxacum tanyphyllum Dahlst.
This species was collected by Sonck and Mark-
lund in Joensuu in 1944. In neighbouring prov-
inces it has been found only in Sb (Såltin 1965).
Nowadays it is common in Joensuu, and it grows
around Joensuu within a radius of 50 km. As a
strong and competitive species, it thrives well
in vigorous grasslands and it is occasionally fre-
quent. I have observed it to be the dominant dan-
delion on a fallow eld in Tohmajärvi, Onkamo,
Kirtsinniemi.
Specimens examined. Kb: Eno, church village, Enon-
tie, roadside near the church (69689:36613) 2000 [JR];
Fig. 17. Taraxacum subserratifrons is still fairly rare in
Finland.
Räsänen • Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013
176
Eno, Uimaharju, center, roadside (69830:36654) 2005
[JR]; Joensuu, Otsola, overgrown outdoor area of the old
botanical garden (69475:36412) 1986 [JR]; Joensuu, Ot-
sola, roadside, NE-side of the crossroads of Kuopiontie
and Länsikatu (69473:36413) 1997 [JR]; Joensuu, Lin-
nunlahti, lawn, S-side of pedestrian way (6947:3640) 1988
[JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pajutie 1 B 4, garden lawn
(69472:36401) 1997 [JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Botania,
lawn of the botanical garden (694702:364003) 2002 [JR];
Joensuu, center, Kalevankatu 19, garden lawn of a dism-
antelled private house (69469:36415) 1988 [JR]; Joensuu,
center, Merimiehenkatu 19, roadside lawn, E-side of the
house (69468:36414) 1988 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Papinka-
tu 24, S-side of the house (69465:36412) 2001 [JR]; Joen-
suu, center, Kalastajankatu 4, lawn, S-side of the house
(69465:36418) 2002 [JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, by the
ringroad, N-side of the road, between Kajaanintie and rail-
way (6948:3642) 1989 [JR]; Joensuu, Käpykangas, Pami-
lonkatu, roadside lawn, near Hiiskoskentie (69493:36418)
2002 [JR]; Joensuu, Mutala, Nurmeksentie, roadside lawn,
beside the K-market (69489:36433) 1998 [JR]; Joensuu,
Louhela, Hallitie, roadside, by the parking place of the ice
arena (69467:36409) 2001 [JR]; Joensuu, Noljakka, Nol-
jakantie, park lawn beside Lykynnurmentie (69491:36389)
2001 [JR]; Joensuu, Sirkkala, railway station, by track 1,
in front of the station building (69469:36427) 2002 [JR];
Joensuu, Aavaranta, shore park, beside Kaislarannantie
(69482:36391) 2007 [JR]; Joensuu, Raatekangas, Wahl-
forsinkatu, roadside, N-side of the railway (69496:36419)
2009 [JR]; Kontiolahti, Lehmo, Nurmeksentie 24, road-
side of the underpass of cycleway (69523:36444) 1997
[JR]; Kontiolahti, Pyytivaara, Uilontie 26, high grass
near the former school of Pyytivaara (69627:36489)
2007 [JR VL]; Kontiolahti, Asemankylä, lawn by high-
way 6 near Esso service station (69632:36465) 2007 [JR
VL]; Liperi, Ylämylly, Honkalampi, Liperintie, roadside
(69473:36303) 2000 [JR]; Liperi, Susiaho, roadside of
road 476, SW-side of Pahankorvenniitty (69451:36286)
2009 [JR]; Polvijärvi, Martonvaara, dry eld in the begin-
ning of Laivarannantie (69953:36236) 1999 [HØ JR ER];
Pyhäselkä, Hammaslahti, Kiihtelysvaarantie, roadside, E-
side of the village (69290:36539) 1998 [JR]; Pyhäselkä,
Hammaslahti, Liitoskuja, roadside lawn (69285:36532)
2011 [JR]; Pyhäselkä, Reijola, Reijolantie, roadside
(69411:36457) 2004 [JR MR]; Rääkkylä, church village,
Paksuniementie, roadside lawn (69147:36362) 1999 [HØ
JR ER]; Tohmajärvi, Onkamo, Kirtsinniemi, as the domi-
nant species on an uncultivated eld, near holiday center,
by running-in road (69137:36584) 2001 [JR]); Tohmajär-
vi, Onkamo, roadside lawn, by road 70, beside the school
(69152:36635) 2008 [JR].
Taraxacum tenuiforme Hagl.
I have found this species in four localities in Joen-
suu (Räsänen 2009). Along Papinkatu it has been
regularly observed to be frequent, but sparse in
other localities.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti,
Kuusitie, roadside lawn (69472:36402) 1999 [HØ JR ER];
Joensuu, center, Papinkatu 10, lawn, S-side of the house
(694642:364149) 2002 [JR]; Joensuu, center, Papinkatu
16, lawn, S-side of the house (694650:364140) 2002 [JR];
Joensuu, Raatekangas, Avainkuja, roadside (69498:36423)
2005 [JR PO].
Taraxacum theodori Lundev. & H. Øllg.
This species was tentatively named by Haglund,
but only recently described by Lundevall & Øll-
gaard (2006). In Sweden and Denmark it is wide-
spread. New to eastern Finland.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pa-
jutie, roadside lawn, 1 individual (69472:36401) 1999
[HØ JR ER].
Taraxacum trilobatum Palmgr.
Sonck (1964a) mentioned that he found two pop-
ulations of T. subulicuspis Hagl. in ed. in Liek-
sa, Märäjälahti (Kb) in 1944. Later Sonck de-
scribed it in Haglund (1983) as a new to species,
and he assigned it to section Crocea. Lieksa is not
mentioned. There was also a note, that T. subu-
licuspis resembles T. trilobatum. T. subulicuspis
was described as a mountain species from Swe-
den, and most likely it does not grow in Lieksa.
Lieksa specimens may represent a species that
was previously called T. trilobatum. Unfortunate-
ly, specimens have not been found to verify this
assumption. At that time T. planum Raunk. (syn.
T. chloroleucum) and T. trilobatum were treat-
ed as a same species (see. T. planum) (Øllgaard
1972), and consequently, T. planum were com-
monly misidentied as T. trilobatum. All the rel-
evant specimens from the study area have proved
to be T. planum.
Taraxacum tumentilobum Markl. ex Puolanne
This species was found to be sparse to fairly sparse
by Sonck in Lieksa, with only four localities, and
Marklund collected it in Joensuu in 1944. It is
currently known from all three neighbouring mu-
nicipalities and from Kl/Rus in Kurkijoki. Now-
adays it is scattered but occasionally frequent. I
have collected it in 16 municipalities: Kesälahti,
Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013 • Räsänen 177
Värtsilä, Rääkkylä, Pyhäselkä, Joensuu, Liperi,
Outokumpu, Kontiolahti, Tuupovaara, Ilomantsi,
Lieksa and Juuka in Kb, and in all municipalities
in Kl/Fin. It seems to be absent in the NW and N
Kb. The species owers amongst the rst ones of
dandelions.
Taraxacum vastisectum Markl. ex Puolanne
This is a rare species in the study area. Sonck
collected it in Lieksa, Kevätniemi in 1945, and
Marklund and Sonck in Joensuu in the 1944.
It was collected by Sonck also in Tuusniemi in
1947, and in Suonenjoki (Sb) in 1948. I have
found it in Joensuu and Kontiolahti (Kb). Sparse.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, center, Papinka-
tu 10, lawn, S-side of the house (69464:36414) 1999 [JR];
Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi, garden lawn of the former hos-
pital (69631:36434) 2005 [JR].
Taraxacum volitans J. Räsänen
This species is described in this volume (Räsänen
2013). I have found it only in three localities in
Joensuu. Sparse. The locality on Hallitie was de-
stroyed because of building the area. The other
two localities are within one kilometer to each
others.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, center, Ranta-
katu 30, side of S-wall, on lawn (69473:36423) 2001
[JR]; Joensuu, center, Torikatu 11, lawn, E-side of
the house (69466:36419) 2008 [JR]; Joensuu, Louhe-
la, Hallitie, roadside, near the parking place of ice arena
(69467:36409) 2001 [JR].
Taraxacum xanthostigma H.Lindb.
This species was found to be rare by Sonck,
with only four localities in Lieksa. Collected by
Marklund in Joensuu in 1944, by Sonck in Kuo-
pio (Sb) in 1947, and by Heikkinen in Kajaani
and Vuolijoki (Ok) in 1957. Nowadays it is com-
mon in the study area, observed by me in 20 mu-
nicipalities in Kb but only in one in Kl/Fin, Uuku-
niemi, Niukkala.
Section Ceratoidea
Taraxacum bicorne Dahlst.
In 1986 I collected a specimen in the Joensuu
botanical garden, which belongs to this Central
Asian section with 6 to 8 species. According to
the garden records, dandelions have not been cul-
tivated in the botanical garden. Apparantly it has
arrived amongst seeds of some other species. The
species disappeared after the following winter.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Otsola, over-
grown outdoor area of the old botanical garden of the Uni-
versity of Joensuu (69475:36412) 1986 [JR].
Taraxacum undulatum H.Lindb. & Markl.
There are many specimens at H, collected before
1945 in Sortavala (Kl/Rus). For a short period it
was almost only dandelion along Malmikatu in
the city center of Joensuu. It was probably intro-
duced amongst ornamental plants. It disappeared
due to the lawn management. I have collected in
neighbouring province Sb, in Leppävirta in 2007.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, center, Malmi-
katu 8, near the parking place of Citymarket, under roses
(69466:36418) 1988 [JR].
Taraxacum valens Markl.
Previously known from neighbouring provinc-
es Sb and Ok. I have found it in two localities
in Joensuu. It has earlier been confused with the
closely related T. sagittipotens Dahlst. & Ohlsén.
In 2003 Hans Øllgaard and I examined collec-
tions of both species kept in H, but no Finnish
specimens of T. sagittipotens were found.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Noljakka, Nolja-
kantie, park lawn beside Lykynnurmentie (69491:36389)
2001 [JR]; Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Botania, park lawn, SW-
side of greenhouse of the botanical garden (69471:36400)
2008 [JR].
Taraxacum vanum H. Øllg.
This species was described by Øllgaard (1978)
based on at material collected in Denmark, Jyl-
land. In Finland collected previously only in Ta.
I have found it in three localities in Kb. This
species may have arrived amongst ornamental
plants. During the past few years it has become
more frequent in Kontiolahti. In other localities
it is sparse.
Specimens examined. Kb: Joensuu, Linnunlahti, Pa-
jutie, roadside lawn (69472:36401) 1999 [HØ JR ER];
Kontiolahti, Kontioniemi, ower bed (neglected for
years), S-side of the former hospital (69632:36434) 1997
[JR]; Lieksa, center, Asemakatu, SW-end of center lawn of
the street (70276:36514) 1999 [HØ JR].
Räsänen • Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013
178
Kb Kl Lieksa
Sonck
old
data
>1985 old
data
>1985
Sect. Erythrosperma
T. falcatum x ? x
T. fulvum x x x x
T. isthmicola x x x x x
T. microlobum x
T. proximum x
T. ungulatum x x x
Sect. Boreigena
T. crassipes x x x
T. galeatum x
Sect. Hamata
T. fusciflorum x
T. hamatiforme x x x x
T. hamatum x
Sect. Borea
T. apicatum x x x x
T. atricapillum x
T. atrimarginatum x x x x
T. biformatum x x
T. boreum x
T. caespitans x x
T. canaliculatum x x x x
T. constrictifrons x
T. cuspidatum x
T. distantilobum x
T. explicatum x
T. guttulatum x x x x
T. hamosiforme x
T. humile x x x x
T. karelicum x x x
T. laceratum x x x
T. lojoënse x
T. melanostigma x
T. mucronatum x x x x
T. ostenfeldii x x x x x
T. pastiniferum x
T. penicilliforme x x x x
T. pullum x
T. scalare x x x x
T. subpenicilliforme x x x
T. triangulare x x x x
Sect. Macrodonta
T. tenebricans x x x x
Sect. Taraxacum
T. aclidiforme x
T. acroglossum x x
T. acrolobum x
T. acutangulum x x
Kb Kl Lieksa
Sonck
old
data
>1985 old
data
>1985
T. aequilobum x x x x x
T. aethiops x x x
T. alatum x x x x x
T. altissimum x x x
T. amaurolepis x x
T. amplum x x x x x
T. ancistrolobum x
T. angustisquameum x x x x
T. arrhenii x x x
T. assurgens x x x x x
T. biforme x x x x
T. bisectum x
T. boreophilum x x
T. borgvallii x x x
T. breviflorum x
T. caloschistum x x x
T. canentifolium x
T. canoviride x
T. capillosum x
T. carptum x
T. caudatulum x x x
T. coartatiforme x
T. coartatum x x x x
T. contractum x x x x
T. copidophyllum x
T. cordatum x
T. crebridens x x
T. crispatum x
T. crispifolium x
T. croceiflorum x x x x
T. cuspidifrons x ?
T. cyanolepis x
T. diastematicum x x
T. dilaceratum x
T. dilatatum x
T. distinctilobum x
T. ekmanii x x x x
T. erici x
T. exacutum x
T. fasciatum x x x x x
T. flavostylum x
T. florstroemii x x x
T. geminatum x x
T. gibbiferum x x x x
T. glossocentrum x x x x
T. glossodon x
T. gracilisquameum x x
T. gustavianum x x x x x
Table 3. Taraxacum species foud in Karelia borealis (Kb) and Karelia ladogensis (Kl). Last column lists species foud by
Sonck in Lieksa 1944–1948.
Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013 • Räsänen 179
Kb Kl Lieksa
Sonck
old
data
>1985 old
data
>1985
T. haematopus x
T. haptolepium x x x x x
T. haraldii x x x
T. hemicyclum x x x x
T. hepaticum x
T. homoschistum x
T. horridifrons x x
T. huelphersianum x x x x x
T. idiomorphum x
T. imitans x x
T. inarmatum x
T. index x x x
T. ingens x x
T. insuetum x
T. intermedium x
T. interruptum x x x x
T. interveniens x
T. kjellmanii x x x
T. kupfferi x
T. laciniosifrons x x x
T. laeticolor x x x
T. laticordatum x
T. latisectum x x x
T. latissimum x x x x
T. leptodon x
T. leptophyllum x x x x x
T. leucopodum x
T. lingulatum x x x x
T. longicuspis x x
T. longisquameum x x x x
T. lucescens x x x x x
T. macranthoides x x
T. maculatum x
T. mucronatiforme x
T. multilobum x x x
T. mundulum x
T. obiquilobum x x x x x
T. obnubilum x
T. obtusifrons x
T. obtusulum x x x x
T. oistophorum x x
T. ossiclivosum x
T. oxycentrum x
T. pallescens x
T. pallidipes x x x x
T. pectinatiforme x x x x x
T. petterssonii x
T. piceatifrons x x x
T. piceatum x x
T. planum x x x ?
T. polyodon x x x
Kb Kl Lieksa
Sonck
old
data
>1985 old
data
>1985
T. porcellisinus x
T. porrigens x
T. praeradians x x x
T. praestabile x
T. privum x x
T. procerisquameum x
T. procerum x x
T. pulcherrinum x
T. pulverulentum x
T. puolannei x x x x x
T. pycnolobum x x
T. railonsalae x
T. recurvum x x
T. retroflexum x x x x x
T. sahlinii x x
T. sellandii x x
T. serratifrons x
T. sertatum x
T. severum x
T. sinus-avis x
T. sonckii x x x
T. speciosiflorum x
T. stenoglossum x x x x x
T. stenoschistum x x x x
T. stereodes x
T. subcanescens x x
T. subdahlstedtii x
T. subglaucescens x x
T. subhuelphersianum x x x x
T. subinvestiens x
T. sublaeticolor x x x x
T. submaculosum x x x x
T. subrubescens x x
T. subserratifrons x
T. subtile x
T. subulatum x
T. tanyphyllum x x
T. tenuiforme x
T. theodori x
T. trilobatum ? ?
T. tumentilobum x x x x
T. undulatum x
T. valens x
T. vanum x
T. vastisectum x x x
T. volitans x
T. xanthostigma x x x x
Sect. Ceratoidea
T. bicorne x
Total 94 166 51 42 80
Räsänen • Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013
180
Summary
Comparison of the dandelion ora of Karelia bo-
realis published by Sonck (1949, 1964a) with re-
cords made since the 1980s provides fairly ac-
curate data for evaluating changes in the ora.
Sonck began to collect material in the 1930s, al-
though it must be kept in mind that his observa-
tions were restricted to Lieksa, while my data
cover the whole area. In the 1930s the general
landscape did not differ much between the North
Karelian municipalities, which enabled broader
interpretations.
The changes in species composition during
the past 50 years have been remarkable. The gen-
eral trend is that species in the sections Borea and
Erythrosperma have greatly declined, while spe-
cies in section Taraxacum have become more fre-
quent. The main reasons are changes in land use.
Traditional farming has mostly ceased, and mod-
ern management covers a much smaller area com-
pared to the situation that prevailed 50 years ago.
Meadows are rare nowadays, whereas the area of
managed lawns is extensive. New species are in-
troduced by the sowing of foreign seeds for lawns
and by trafc.
Species associated with traditional farming
methods (sections Borea and Erythrosperma)
have not been able to compete with recent aliens
(section Taraxacum) in modern habitats. Asexual,
apomictic breeding prevents adaptation to chang-
ing environments. Most dandelions seem to have
a fairly narrow ecological niche. When that niche
is lost, decline begins, and newly introduced spe-
cies adapted to modern habitats outcompete pre-
viously established species. Humans facilitate
this process. Naturally, the rate of change varies
between species; some species of the generally
declining section Borea remain vigorous, while
others in section Tarxacum are declining.
The former hospital at Kontioniemi became
an excellent test eld when it closed in the 1990s,
having been operational since the end of the
1920s. The territory has now been unmanaged for
about ten years. Many species of section Borea
still grow there, although invasive species from
section Taraxacum are also gradually becoming
more abundant in this refugium.
One reason for the competitivity of certain
species may be minor differences in times of
owering. When collecting a specimen, I always
take the most developed inorescence, which
I keep in a glass of water to obtain ripe seeds.
Sometimes seed-eating insects accompany these
inorescences, although I try to select healthy
looking heads. The number of insects increases
towards the end of the growing season, and this
may affect the proportion of seeds that are able
to survive. Early owering species may produce
better seeds.
Species of section Borea ower somewhat lat-
er than those of section Taraxacum, which may
decrease seed production due to the greater im-
pact of seed-eating insects. Furthermore, achenes
are smaller in section Borea and have lower rates
of germination, while their initial growth rates are
also lower than in section Taraxacum. This may
be a competitive advantage for the latter section,
but this observation needs to be experimentally
tested.
Species of the section Erythrosperma fa-
vour drier habitats than other dandelions, which
may be another reason for their decline. Many
such habitats have become overgrown during the
last few decades. Dandelions do not have a seed
bank, so they require continuous seed set to sur-
vive. Nowadays their favourite open dry habitats
are too fragmented to ensure successful spreading
between suitable habitats.
The vicinity of the former hospital at Kontio-
niemi clearly has the greatest diversity of dandeli-
ons. Its old lawn hosts many species that have dis-
appeared from other areas, such as those of sec-
tion Borea: T. laceratum, T. apicatum, T. boreum,
T. scalare, T. karelicum, T. canaliculatum, T. gut-
tulatum and T. humile, and also T. penicilliforme
and T. ostenfeldii, which may still be encountered
elsewhere. The diversity of section Erythrosper-
ma is also greatest here, as represented by T. prox-
imum, T. fulvum and T. isthmicola.
The section Taraxacum is also very diverse at
Kontioniemi. Taraxacum submaculosum and T.
canentifolium represent older elements, and the
number of aliens has increased in recent decades.
The most recent introductions, T. vanum, T. sub-
dahlstedtii, T. inarmatum and T. sertatum, have
clearly arrived amongst ornamental perennials.
Altogether, 51 species of dandelions have been
found at Kontioniemi.
Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 89, 2013 • Räsänen 181
The vicinity of my home at Linnunlahti, Joen-
suu, is also rich in dandelions. Recent aliens from
section Taraxacum dominate. In 1999 I count-
ed 52 species, making a total of 74 since 1986.
During this period many changes have occurred,
including continuous renovation of lawns and
streets, and cultivation of new ornamentals. As
a result, the dandelion ora is less diverse today
than it was in the 1990s. Two new species have
been described from this area (Räsänen 2013): T.
coartatiforme and T. sinus-avis. Concerning Joen-
suu and eastern Karelia as a whole, the following
species have been found in my home region only:
T. homoschistum, T. sellandii, T. crispatum, T. di-
laceratum, T. leucopodum, T. insuetum, T. avo-
stylum, T. kupfferii, T. fusciorum (section Hama-
ta), and T. pastiniferum (section Borea). Taraxa-
cum acutangulum, T. laticordatum, T. hepaticum,
and T. lojoënse (section Borea) all have a sin-
gle additional locality outside this area. The third
most species rich area is Möhkö in Ilomantsi par-
ish, with 44 species of Taraxacum.
Until now 182 species of Taraxacum have
been found in Kb and 75 in Kl/Fin, with 188 spe-
cies in total. These belong to the following sec-
tions: Erythrosperma (6), Boreigena (2), Hama-
ta (3), Borea (26), Macrodonta (1), Taraxacum
(149), and Ceratoidea (1). In addition there are
some unnamed specimens, mostly belonging to
section Taraxacum, but some also to section Bo-
rea. Under the present conditions, the species of
section Borea may be lost before they are discov-
ered, because the rate of decline is so rapid.
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Acknowledgements. I am very grateful to Hans Øllgaard
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