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Optimal Technologies for External Thermal Insulation with Polystyrene Panels for Different Support Materials

Authors:
Adrian Bojan
Adrian Bojan
Adrian Bojan
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Claudiu Aciu at Universitatea Tehnica Cluj-Napoca
Claudiu Aciu
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Abstract

In the context of the energy crisis and environmental degradation, a particular importance has the reduction of operational energy in buildings by the reduction of heat losses through exterior walls. The thermal insulation of buildings leads to operational energy savings, contributing to the reduction of environmental pollution due to current energy production systems. Given the importance of energy savings and material costs, the paper presents optimal technologies for polystyrene board thermal insulation applied on different substrates. By developing these technologies for energy saving and cost reduction, the paper falls in the category of sustainable development technologies.
Available via license: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
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Procedia Technology 19 ( 2015 ) 512 – 517
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect
2212-0173 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of “Petru Maior” University of Tirgu Mures, Faculty of Engineering
doi: 10.1016/j.protcy.2015.02.073
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© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of “Petru Maior” University of Tirgu Mures, Faculty of Engineering
513
Adrian Bojan and Claudiu Aciu / Procedia Technology 19 ( 2015 ) 512 – 517
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516 Adrian Bojan and Claudiu Aciu / Procedia Technology 19 ( 2015 ) 512 – 517
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517
Adrian Bojan and Claudiu Aciu / Procedia Technology 19 ( 2015 ) 512 – 517
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... Thermal insulation leads to operational energy savings [2], contributing at the same time to the reduction of environmental pollution due to current energy production systems, which consume high amounts of fossil fuels which pollutes the environment. Polystyrene is among the materials which are widely used for thermal insulation; its use in construction allows to significantly reducing the operational energy requirements [3]. But from an ecological point of view, thermal insulating materials such as polystyrene are highly energy consuming. ...
Experimental and numerical investigations on the thermal performance of hemp such a bio-sourced insulation material: Application to a Moroccan Mediterranean climate
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Thermal performance of hemp concrete and hemp wool such as ecological insulation was evaluated for the city of Meknes in Morocco, in comparison with polystyrene which is an organic insulation material. The study was done in three sections. First, a thermo-physical properties characterization was done using the EI700 device. Then, the study was done on a concrete wall subjected to periodic outdoor conditions. The three insulation materials are used and the effects of thickness, location and partitioning on the time lag and decrement factor were investigated. Finally, heating and cooling loads of a whole building with the use of six different walls configurations are calculated using TRNSYS software. Throughout the whole study, results show that hemp wool presented the best thermal performance, and the evaluation of its use such us an insulation material in Morocco and especially in Meknes was investigated.
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... Studies on verifying the excellence of external insulation method in terms of energy efficiency, LCC (Life-Cycle Cost) and construction period through comparative analysis of internal and external insulation methods have been consistently proposed [16][17][18][19][20]. In recent years, studies have been conducted to evaluate the heat transfer rate and airtightness of the external insulation method applied to the Passivhaus-a voluntary standard for energy efficiency in a building that recommends annual heating and cooling demands to be less than 15 kWh/m 2 and the total specific heat load as less than 10 W/m 2 [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. In addition, various researches have been carried out to improve the external insulation method in terms of determining the optimal insulation material thickness in order to secure the insulation performance considering the characteristics of the construction industry of various countries, their regional conditions and climatic conditions [28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. ...
Simulation Model for Productivity Analysis of External Insulated Precast Concrete Wall System
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External Insulation Finishing System (EIFS) is recognized as a suitable method for attaining energy efficiency of buildings. However, conventional EIFS is not actively applied to building construction due to additional time and cost compared with interior insulation method. Therefore, as an alternative that can contribute to active utilization of the external insulation system, this study proposes an External Insulated Precast Concrete (PC) Wall System and its simulation for performing productivity analysis. Results of this study are as follows: (1) an external insulated PC-Wall system is developed of which its insulation performance is above 40% higher than that of the conventional EIFS; (2) performance of the developed system satisfied American Standards for Testing of Materials (ASTM) and American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA) standards; (3) applicability of the developed system is verified via test-bed with construction time lapsing about 40 min for each PC-Wall; and (4) CYCLONE modeling methodology is employed to perform productivity analysis of the developed system compared with conventional EIFS.
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Alternative Solution for Thermal Rehabilitation of Buildings with Polystyrene Panels
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The construction industry in the European Union is turning increasingly in the direction of sustainable building. A particular important component of sustainable construction strategy is represented by the reduction of operational energy in buildings. One popular solution for the reduction of heat losses through the exterior envelope is the thermal insulation with polystyrene panels, frequently used in composite systems (ETICS – External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems). These solutions are efficient for operational energy savings, contributing in the same time to the reduction of environmental pollution and degradation due to the current energy production systems. Still, they present some reliability problems, being vulnerable to wind actions. The paper proposes an alternative solution for fixing the polystyrene panels by replacing the adhesive mortar with anchors and regular mortar to compensate the flatness. The paper presents experimental results for adhesive bonding strength of adhesive and regular mortar to various substrates. The results were embedded into numerical models for determining the response to wind actions both for the classical and proposed solution. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the mechanical and economic performance for the two fixing solutions. Finally are discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the mechanical fixing solution proposed and are identified the main areas of application.
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The aim of this article is to analyze the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction (ECER) on energy efficiency retrofit (EER) for existing residence in northern heating regions of China. Based on building energy consumption (BEC) testing data during heating period before and after the retrofit, combined with the theoretical calculation of BEC, the ECER effects are analyzed through an actual case of existing residential retrofit; meanwhile, residential electricity consumption between the retrofit building and non-retrofitted buildings is also compared. The case study results show that: (1) actual ECER effects of EER are obviously different from those analyzed by the theoretical calculation; (2) existing residential EER will have significant impacts on ECER; (3) building external wall retrofit always makes the largest contribution to ECER in high energy-consuming building, followed by external window retrofit; (4) the retrofit of building envelopes should be carried out with indoor heating system retrofit, heat metering and charging system together; otherwise, the phenomenon of “energy efficient buildings do not save energy” will appear; (5) the EER of existing building in northern heating regions will not only cause the obvious reduction of BEC in winter, but also lead to electricity consumption saved in summer.
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Research about the greenhouse gases emissions from metallurgical processes
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The paper presents the experimental research regarding the greenhouse gases emissions effect during steelmaking. Also, there are presented the equipment for the determination of the carbon dioxide concentrations from the steelmaking, the diagram variation of the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations with temperature for melting the three types of charges and the potential sources that generate the greenhouse gases in the steelmaking process.
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Success for energy efficient renovation of dwellings—Learning from private homeowners
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Large scale energy efficient renovation of buildings is one of the most important tools to realize the society's need of a more sustainable building stock. Most Norwegians own their own homes. Therefore private homeowners are a focus group for the government urging to accelerate the dwelling energy efficiency rates. Success factors were identified in the in-depth study of the decision process of eleven homeowners. Large differences in energy use due to the building's condition and the occupants' behavior was encountered in the sample. Only homeowners who were conscious consumers and did not trust expert advice or that had special knowledge due to their professions succeeded in realizing energy efficiency by renovation. Lack of knowledge, bad advice from craftsmen or priority to work that they can do themselves stopped other homeowners from implementing energy efficiency. Increased knowledge on all the gains from energy efficiency, the availability of attractive products and services as well as easy access to reliable advice on the better renovation solutions have a large potential to get more homeowners to make energy efficient choices in the process of renovation. Coordination of more of policy strategies including specific information and incentives are needed to facilitate this.
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Existing building retrofits: Methodology and state-of-the-art
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Retrofitting of existing buildings offers significant opportunities for reducing global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This is being considered as one of main approaches to achieving sustainability in the built environment at relatively low cost and high uptake rates. Although there are a wide range of retrofit technologies readily available, methods to identify the most cost-effective retrofit measures for particular projects is still a major technical challenge. This paper provides a systematic approach to proper selection and identification of the best retrofit options for existing buildings. The generic building retrofit problem and key issues that are involved in building retrofit investment decisions are presented. Major retrofit activities are also briefly discussed, such as energy auditing, building performance assessment, quantification of energy benefits, economic analysis, risk assessment, and measurement and verification (M&V) of energy savings, all of which are essential to the success of a building retrofit project. An overview of the research and development as well as application of the retrofit technologies in existing buildings is also provided. The aim of this work is to provide building researchers and practitioners with a better understanding of how to effectively conduct a building retrofit to promote energy conservation and sustainability.
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