XML Family of Languages. Overview and Classification of W3C Specifications

Abstract

XML is a markup language for presenting information as structured documents. Since the publication of XML, a great number of various XML-­related languages have been developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and other standardization organizations. The focus of this report is in the languages developed by W3C. Together with XML, this group of languages is called the XML family of languages. The purpose of this report is to give a concise overview of the languages and show the current state of their development at W3C. The document introduces a classification for the languages and also serves as a portal to the specifications of the languages.

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12/4/2014 XML Family of Languages. Overview and Classification of W3C Specifications
file:///Users/airi/Documents/XML%20Family/xmlfamily-20141201.html 1/16
XMLFamilyofLanguages
OverviewandClassificationofW3CSpecifications
AiriSalminen
01December2014
Thisversion: http://users.jyu.fi/~airi/xmlfamily20141201.html
Latestversion:http://users.jyu.fi/~airi/xmlfamily.html
Previousversion: http://users.jyu.fi/~airi/xmlfamily20131021.html
Firstversion:http://users.jyu.fi/~airi/xmlfamily20001109.html
MoreinformationabouttheXMLfamilyoflanguagesinCommunicatingwithXMLbyAiriSalminenand
FrankTompa.TheeBookisavailableatSpringerLink.
TableofContents

1.Introduction
2.ClassificationoftheLanguages
3.XML
4.XMLAccessories
5.XMLTransducers
6.XMLApplications
6.1NontextualData
6.2WebPublishing
6.3MetadataandSemanticWeb
6.4WebCommunicationandServices
Aboutthisreport
1.Introduction
XMLisamarkuplanguageforpresentinginformationasstructureddocuments.Thelanguagehasbeen
developedfromSGML(StandardGeneralizedMarkupLanguage,ISO8879)asanactivityoftheWorldWide
WebConsortium(W3C).SincethepublicationofXML,agreatnumberofvariousXMLrelatedlanguageshave
beendevelopedbyW3Candotherstandardizationorganizations.Inthisreportourfocusisinthelanguages
developedbyW3C.TogetherwithXML,wecallthisgroupoflanguagestheXMLfamilyoflanguages.The
purposeofthisreportistogiveaconciseoverviewofthelanguagesandshowthecurrentstateoftheir
developmentatW3C.Thedocumentintroducesaclassificationforthelanguagesandalsoservesasaportal
tothespecificationsofthelanguages.
ResultsofW3CdevelopmentactivitiesarepublishedasW3CTechnicalReports.Theprocessofdeveloping
technicalreportsisdescribedintheW3CProcessDocument.Thisoverviewisbasedontheanalysisofcurrent
technicalreportsoffourtypes:WorkingDrafts,CandidateRecommendations,ProposedRecommendations,
andRecommendations.Thefourtypesdifferintheirmaturityfromlowertohigher:
AWorkingDraft(WD)representsworkinprogress,itisadraftdocumentandmaybeupdated,replaced
orobsoletedbyotherdocumentanytime.
ACandidateRecommendation(CD)hasreceivedsignificantreviewfromitsimmediatetechnical
community.Thedocumentisanexplicitcallforimplementationandtechnicalfeedback.
AProposedRecommendation(PR)representsconsensuswithinthegroupthatproduceditandhas
beenproposedbytheDirectortotheAdvisoryCommitteeforreview.
ARecommendation(R)representsconsensuswithinW3CandisconsideredtodefineaWebstandard.
W3CmakeseveryefforttomaintainitsRecommendations(e.g.,bytrackingerrata,providingtestbed
applications,helpingtocreatetestsuites,etc.)andtoencouragewidespreadimplementation.The
practiceinW3CistocollectallknownerrorsinaRecommendationintoanerratadocumentreferredto
intheRecommendation.Ifaneedformodificationsisidentified,anewversionoraneweditionis
published.AnewRecommendationversionoreditionisoften,butnotalways,statedtosupersedethe
earlier.Inprinciple,W3CmayrescindtheRecommendationifitbecomesoutdatedandmodificationsare
notconsidereduseful.Sofar,however,W3ChasnotpublishedtechnicalreportslabelledasRescinded

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Recommendation.Instead,atleastoneRecommendation(XMLEvents)hasbeenversionedtoaGroup
Note,meaninginpracticethattheWebstandardhasbecomeobsolete.
2.ClassificationoftheLanguages
ConsideringthepurposeoftheXMLrelatedlanguagesdevelopedatW3C,fourmaincategoriescanbe
identified.ThefirstcategoryconsistsofthedifferentversionsofXMLitself.Theotherthreecategoriesare
calledinthisclassificationXMLAccessories,XMLTransducers,andXMLApplications:
XMLAccessoriesarelanguageswhichareintendedforwideusetoextendthecapabilitiesspecifiedinXML.
ExamplesofXMLaccessoriesaretheXMLSchemalanguageextendingthedefinitioncapabilityofXMLDTDs
andtheXMLNamesextendingthenamingmechanismtoallowinasingleXMLdocumentelementand
attributenamesthataredefinedforandusedbymultiplesoftwaremodules.
XMLTransducesarelanguageswhichareintendedfortransducingsomeinputXMLdataintosomeoutput
form.ExamplesofXMLtransducersarethestylesheetlanguagesCSSandXSLintendedtoproducean
externalpresentationfromsomeXMLdata,andXSLTintendedfortransformingXMLdocumentsintoother
XMLdocuments.Atransducerlanguageisassociatedwithsomekindofprocessingmodelwhichdefinesthe
wayoutputisderivedfrominput.
XMLApplicationsarelanguageswhichdefineconstraintsforaclassofXMLdataforsomespecialapplication
area.ExamplesofXMLapplicationsareMathMLdefinedformathematicaldataandXMLSignatureintended
fordigitalsignatures.XMLaccessoriesandXMLtransducersareoftenXMLbasedlanguagesandthusalso
XMLapplications.InthisreportalanguageisclassifiedasanXMLapplicationonlyifithasnotbeenincludedin
theaccessoriesortransducers.
ThelanguagesintheXMLapplicationscategorycanbefurtherdividedintofoursubcategoriesaccordingtothe
applicationarea:
Nontextualformsofdatalikemathematicaldataorvoice
Webpublishing,toreplaceHTMLbyXMLbasedrepresentationformat
MetadataandSemanticWeb
Webcommunicationandservices.
Thefollowingsectionsintroducethelanguagesaccordingtotheclassificationgivenabove.Thesectionsfrom4
to6includetableslistingthespecificationdocumentsandthoseW3CTechnicalReportswhichareclosely
relatedtothespecifications(e.g.requirementsandusecases).Inthetablestherearelinkstothespecifications
andotherreportsastheywereatthedateofthisreport.Incaseswerethetargetofalinkinthisoverview
documentwouldbeoutdated,alinktothelatestversionoftheW3Cdocumentisprovidedinthetarget.The
tablesalsoshowthecurrentphaseofthespecificationprocess(WD=WorkingDraft,CR=Candidate
Recommendation,PR=ProposedRecommendation,orR=Recommendation).ForRecommendations,all
publishedversionsandeditionsarelistedtoshowtheirevolution.Thusthetablesincludealso
Recommendationsthataresupersededbylaterversionsoreditions.Thelanguagesineachtableare
listedchronologicallyaccordingtotheirfirstpublicationasWebstandards.Abrieftextualdescriptionis
providedformostofthelanguages.Amoredetaileddecriptioncanbefoundinthespecificationdocuments.
[Introduction|XML|XMLAccessories|XMLTransducers|XMLApplications]
3.XML
TheXMLdevelopmentstartedin1996.TheuseofHTML(HyperTextMarkupLanguage)asthepublishing
languageoftheInternethadquicklyexpandedinthebeginningof1990’s.Therewasaneedtofindan
agreementaboutagenericmarkuplanguagestraightforwardlyusableovertheInternet.SGML(Standard
GeneralizedMarkupLanguage),publishedasanISOstandardin1986,hadbeenwidelyacceptedasageneric
markuplanguagefordigitaldocuments,butthelargecollectionofrulesinSGMLandthenumberofdifferent
optionalfeaturescausedproblemsintheimplementationandutilizationofSGML.AgoalintheXML
developmentwastorestricttherulesofSGMLandthustoeasethewritingofprogramsforprocessing
documents.
ThefirstW3CRecommendationforXML1.0waspublishedinFebruary1998.Thelatereditionsofthe
specificationincorporatethechangesdictatedbytheerratadocuments.ThenewversioXML1.1was
publishedasaRecommendationinFebruary2004.Themajorchangesinthenewversionconcernthe

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UnicodecharactercodeanditsuseinXMLnames.VersioningoftheUnicodespecificationhadcaused
problemsincharacterencodingofXML1.0namesbecausethecharactersinXML1.0nameswererestricted
tocharactersinUnicode2.InXML1.1thesyntaxofnamesisspecifiedtoallowfuturechangesinUnicode.
ThelistbelowshowsXMLspecificationspublishedasRecommendationssofar.
ExtensibleMarkupLanguage(XML)1.0,Feb1998
ExtensibleMarkupLanguage(XML)1.0(SecondEdition),Oct2000
ExtensibleMarkupLanguage(XML)1.0(ThirdEdition),Feb2004
ExtensibleMarkupLanguage(XML)1.0(FourthEdition),Aug2006
ExtensibleMarkupLanguage(XML)1.0(FifthEdition),Nov2008
ExtensibleMarkupLanguage(XML)1.1,Feb2004
ExtensibleMarkupLanguage(XML)1.1(SecondEdition),Aug2006
TheXMLspecificationsdescribetheconcretesyntaxofXMLdocuments,andpartiallythebehaviourofanXML
processor,i.e.,asoftwaremoduleusedtoreadXMLdocumentsandtoprovideaccesstotheircontentand
structure.SlightlydifferentabstractmodelsforinformationavailableinXMLdocumentshavebeenintroduced
atW3C:
TheXMLInformationSetdefinesanabstractdatasetcalledInfoset.Thedefinitionsinthespecification
areintendedforotherspecificationsthatneedtorefertoinformationinawellformedXMLdocument.
TheXPathDataModelisincludedintheXMLPathLanguage(XPath)toallowaddressingpartsofan
XMLdocument.
DocumentObjectModel(DOM)isanapplicationprogramminginterfaceforXMLandHTMLdocuments.
Itdefinesthewaydatainadocumentisstructured,accessedandmanipulated.
XQueryandXPathdatamodeldefinestheinformationcontainedintheinputtoanXSLTorXQuery
processor.
AllofthefourkindsofmodelsdescribeanXMLdocumentasatreestructurebuttherearedifferencesinthe
treesandintheinformationavailableinthetrees.
XMLisintendedtobeuniversalformatfordataontheWeb.TosupportreferencestoInternetresources,the
useofdifferentcharactersets,andtheuseofdifferentnaturallanguagesoftheworld,theXMLspecification
usesasetofspecificationsintroducedbyotherdevelopmentauthoritiesthanW3C.Thesespecificationsdefine
thecodesforcharacters(Unicode,ISO/IEC10646)andlanguages(IETFBCP47)aswellasthesyntaxfor
identifyingresources(IETFRFC3986).Thecentralconceptsrelatedtocharactersandtheirencodingare
definedintheW3CRecommendationtitledCharacterModelfortheWorldWideWeb1.0:Fundamentals.The
purposeofthecharactermodelistosupportthetransmittalandprocessingofthecharactersusedaroundthe
worldinawelldefinedandwellunderstoodway.
[Introduction|XML|XMLAccessories|XMLTransducers|XMLApplications]
4.XMLAccessories
XMLaccessoriesarelanguageswhichareintendedforwideusetoextendthecapabilitiesspecifiedinXML.
Table1belowliststhecurrentXMLaccessories.Inthetable,aswellasinthesubsequenttables,all
publishedversionsandeditionsofRecommendationsarelistedtoshowtheirevolution.Thusthe
tablesincludealsoRecommendationsthataresupersededbylaterversionsoreditions.
XMLNamesisintendedtofacilitatetheuseofqualifiedelementandattributenamesinXMLdocuments,in
ordertopreventnamecollisions.Aqualifiednameconsistsoftwoparts:anamespacenameasaprefixanda
localpart.ThenamespacenameisidentifiedbyaURIreference.XMLNamesisusedinmostother
specificationsoftheXMLfamily.Aspecificationrelatedtonamesisthespecificationfortheattributexml:idas
anIDtypeattributeinXMLspecifications.
XPathdefineshowtoaddresspartsinXMLdocuments.Insupportofthisprimarypurposeitalsoprovides
basicfacilitiesformanipulationofstrings,numbers,andbooleans.ThreeversionsofXPathhavebeen
publishedsofar.XPointerdefinesfragmentidentifiersforURIreferences.ItisbuiltontopoftheXPath
language.XPointerextendsXPathtoallowaddressingpointsandrangesaswellaswholenodes,locating
informationbystringmatching,andusingaddressingexpressionsinURIreferencesasfragmentidentifiers.
Thelanguagehasbeenspecifiedinthreeseparatedocuments:abasicframework,XPointerelement()for
addressingelementsbytheirpositionintheelementtree,andXPointerxmlns()forbindingnamespaceprefixes
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XMLSchemaextendsthedefinitioncapabilitiesofXML,inparticular,itallowstheuseofavarietyofdatatypes,
e.g.boolean,float,int,date,andtheirvalidationinconformingsoftware.XMLSchemaisintendedtoconstrain
XMLdocumentsbuttheschemasthemselvesarenotnecessarilywritteninXML.ThereishoweveranXML
notationfortheschemalanguage.Threelevelsofconformanceforschemaawareprocessorsaredefined:
minimallyconformingprocessors,conformancetotheXMLrepresentationofschemas,andfullyconforming
processors.
XLinkisintendedfordescriptionandcreationoflinksbetweenInternetresources.Thelinkscanbesimple
unidirectionallinkssimilartoHTML,aswellasrelationshipsamongmorethantworesources.Linkscanalso
resideinalocationseparatefromthelinkedresources,andtheycanbeassociatedwithmetadata.XMLBase
providesabaseURIserviceforXLink.ThepurposeoftheserviceistoresolverelativeURIsinlinkstoexternal
resourceslikeimages,applets,formprocessingprograms,andstylesheets.InternationalizationTagSet(ITS)
isdefinedtobeusedwithschemastosupporttheinternationalizationandlocalizationofschemasand
documents.
Table1.XMLAccessories
Language Purpose Document, Phase (R, PR, CR, WD), Month, Year
XML Names Qualifying element
and attribute names
- Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Third Edition), R, Dec 2009
- Namesapaces in XML 1.1 (Second Edition), R, Aug 2006
- Namesapaces in XML 1.1, R, Feb 2004
- Namesapaces in XML 1.0 (Second Edition), R, Aug 2006
- Namespaces in XML, R, Jan 1999
xml-stylesheet
processing
instruction
Associating style
sheets with an XML
document
- Associating Style Sheets with XML documents Version 1.0 (Second
Edition), R, Oct 2010
- Associating Style Sheets with XML documents Version 1.0, R, June
1999
XPath Addressing parts of
an XML document
- XML Path Language (XPath) 3.0, R, April 2014
- XML Path Language (XPath) 2.0 (Second Edition), R, Dec 2010 (Link
errors corrected Jan 2011)
- XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0, R, Nov 1999
RELATED DRAFTS:
- XML Path Language (XPath) 3.1, WD, Oct 2014
XML Schema Constraining a class
of XML documents
- W3C XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 1: Structures,
R, April 2012
- W3C XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 2: Datatypes,
R, April 2012
- XML Schema Part 0: Primer Second Edition, R, Oct 2004
- XML Schema Part 1: Structures Second Edition, R, Oct 2004
- XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, R, Oct 2004
- XML Schema Part 0: Primer, R, May 2001
- XML Schema Part 1: Structures, R, May 2001
- XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, R, May 2001
RELATED DRAFTS:
- W3C XML Schema Definition Language (XSD): Component
Designators, CR, Jan 2010
- Guide to Versioning XML Languages using XML Schema 1.1, WD,
July 2007
XLink To create and
describe links
- XML Linking Language (XLink) Version 1.1. R, May 2010
- XML Linking Language (XLink) Version 1.0, R, June 2001
XML Base A base URI service
for XLink
- XML Base (Second Edition), R, Jan 2009
- XML Base, R, June 2001
XPointer Fragment identifiers
for URI
references
- XPointer Framework, R, March 2003
- XPointer element() Scheme, R, March 2003
- XPointer xmlns() Scheme, R, March 2003
xml:id meaning of the
attribute xml:id in
XML documents
- xml:id Version 1.0, R, Sept. 2005

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ITS Internationalization
and localization of
content
- Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) Version 2.0, R, Oct 2013
- Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) Version 1.0, R, April 2007
RELATED DRAFTS:
- Requirements for Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) , WD, May 2012
Entities for
Characters
Defining names so
that to each is
assigned a Unicode
character or sequence
of characters
- XML Entity Definitions for Characters (2nd Edition), R, April 2014
- XML Entity Definitions for Characters, R, April 2010
[Introduction|XML|XMLAccessories|XMLTransducers|XMLApplications]
5.XMLTransducers
TheXMLtransducerlanguagesareintendedfortransducingsomeinputXMLdataintosomeoutputform.
Table2liststheXMLtransducerlanguages.Theyincludelanguagesforrendering(CSSandXSL),
transformation(XSLT),canonicalization(CanonicalXML),merging(XInclude),querying(XQuery),optimization
(EXI),andpipelining(XProc).
CSSisalanguageforspecifyingstylesheetsforanystructureddocuments.Ithasbeendefinedonthreelevels
thatbuildontheprevious.CSSlevel1CSS1publishedasaRecommendationin1996wasdeveloped
especiallyforHTMLdocuments.IndevelopingCSSlevel2,XMLasanotationforstructureddocumentswas
takenespeciallyintoaccount.BothCSS1andCSS2weredefinedinoneRecommendationdocument.For
level3insteadthereisnotasinglespecificationdocument.Level3consistsofmodulesbuiltonlevel2.
AnotherlanguageforrenderingXMLdocumentsisXSL.Itisastylesheetlanguageespeciallydesignedfor
XMLdocuments.ItusesXMLsyntaxforstylesheets.XSLcontainsthetransformationlanguageXSLTasits
component.XSLTcanbeusedalsoindependentlyofXSLtodescribetransformationsofXMLdocuments.
CanonicalXMLdefinesaprocesstocreateaspecifiedphysicalrepresentation,acanonicalform,toanXML
documentoradocumentsubset.Theprocessiscalledcanonicalization.XIncludeisalanguageforspecifying
mergingofasetofXMLdocumentsrepresentedasInfosetstoanewInfoset.
XQueryistheW3ClanguageforqueryingcollectionsofXMLdatabothlocallyandontheWeb,beitphysically
storedinXMLorviewedasXMLviamiddleware.XQueryisbasedonanearlierintroducedXMLquery
languagecalledQuilt,whichinturnisbuiltbypullingtogetherfeaturesofseveralotherXMLquerylanguages
aswellasfeaturesoftherelationalquerylanguageSQLandtheobjectorientedquerylanguageOQL.XQuery
isafunctionallanguageandtheinputandoutputofaqueryisanorderedhierarchyofnodes,asdescribedin
theXQueryandXPathDataModel.ThesemanticsofthevarioustypesofXQueryexpressionsaredescribed
informallyintheXQueryspecificationdocument.MoreformallythesemanticsisdescribedintheXQueryand
XPathFormalSemanticsdocument.
ThedevelopmentofXMLFragmentInterchangeseemstohavefreezed.TheCandidateRecommendationis
fromyear2001.ThelanguageisintendedtoprovidecapabilitiestospecifyapartofawholeXMLdocumentas
afragmenttobesenttoareceiver.
Table2.XMLTransducers
Language Purpose Document, Phase (R, PR, CR, WD), Month, Year
CSS Rendering - CSS Namespaces Module Level 3, R, Sept. 2011, edited in place
March 2014
- CSS Style Attributes, R, Nov 2013
- The 'view-mode' Media Feature, R, June 2012
- Media Queries, R, June 2012
- CSS Namespaces Module, R, Sep 2011
- Selectors level 3, R, Sep 2011
- CSS Color Module Level 3, R, June 2011
- Cascading Style Sheets, Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS2.1) Specification, R,
June 2011
- Cascading Style Sheets, level 2, CSS2 Specification, R, May 1998,
revised April 2008
- Cascading Style Sheets, level 2, CSS2 Specification, R, May 1998
- Cascading Style Sheets, level 1, R, Dec 1996, revised Jan 1999 and

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April 2008
RELATED DRAFTS:
- CSS Regions Module Level 1, WD, Oct 2014
- CSS Flexible Box Layout Module Level 1, WD, Sep 2014
- CSS Backgrounds and Borders Module Level 3, CR, Sep 2014
- CSS Grid Layout Module Level 1, WD, May 2014
- CSS Generated Content for Paged Media Module, WD, May 2014
- CSS Custom Properties for Cascading Variables Module Level 1, WD,
May 2014
- CSS Writing Modes Module Level 3, CR, March 2014
- CSS Syntax Module Level 3, CR, Feb 2014
- Composing and Blending Level 1 , CR, Feb. 2014
- CSS Lists and Counters Module Level 3, WD, March 2014
- CSS Fragmentation Module Level 3, WD, Jan 2014
- CSS Transforms, WD, Nov 2013
- CSS Transitions, WD, Nov 2013
- CSS Ruby Layout Module Level 1, WD, Sep 2013
- Selectors level 4, WD, May 2013
- CSS Conditional Rules Module Level 3, CR, April 2013
- CSS Positioned Layout Module Level 3 , WD, Feb 2012
- CSS Exclusions and Shapes Module Level 1, WD, May 2013
- CSS Template Layout Module, WD, Nov 2011
- CSS Device Adaptation, WD, Sep 2011
- CSS Multi-column Layout Module, CR, Apr 2011
- CSS Fonts Module Level 3, WD, Oct 2013
- CSS Box Alignment Module Level 3, WD, May 2013
- CSS Image Values and Replaced Content Module Level 3, CR, Apr
2012
- CSS Animations, WD, Feb 2013
- CSS Text Module Level 3, WD, Oct 2013
- CSS Paged Media Module Level 3, WD, March 2013
- CSS Values and Units Module Level 3, CR, July 2013
- CSS Cascading and Inheritance Level 3, CR, Oct 2013
- CSS Speech Module, CR, March 2012
- CSS Basic User Interface Module :Level 3 (CSS3 UI), WD, Jan 2012
- CSS3 Generated and Replaced Content Module, WD, May 2003
- CSS3 module: line, WD, May 2002
XSLT Transformation - XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 2.0, R, Jan 2007
- XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 1.0, R, Nov 1999
RELATED DRAFTS:
- Requirements and Use Cases for XSLT 2.1, WD, June 2010
- XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 3.0, WD, Oct 2014
Canonical XML Canonicalization - Canonical XML Version 1.1, R, May 2008
- Canonical XML Version 1.0, R, March 2001
RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS:
- Exclusive XML Canonicalization Version 1.0, R, July 2002
XSL Rendering - Extensible Stylesheet Languages (XSL) Version 1.1, R, Dec 2006
- Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) Version 1.0, R, Oct 2001
RELATED DRAFTS:
- Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) Version 2.0, WD, Jan 2012
- Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) Requirements Version 2.0,
WD, March 2008
XInclude Merging - XML Inclusions (XInclude) Version 1.0 (Second Edition), R, Nov
2006
- XML Inclusions (XInclude) Version 1.0, R, Dec 2004
RELATED DRAFTS:

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- XML Inclusions (XInclude) Version 1.1, CR, Oct 2013
XQuery Querying - XQuery 3.0: An XML Query Language, R, April 2014
- XQueryX 3.0, R, April 2014
- XPath and XQuery Functions and Operators 3.0, R, April 2014
- XQuery and XPath Data Model 3.0, R, April 2014
- XQuery 1.0: An XML Query Language (Second Edition), R, Dec 2010
(Link errors corrected Jan 2011)
- XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Data Model (XDM) (Second Edition), R,
Dec 2010
- XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Functions and Operators (Second Edition),
R, Dec 2010
- XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Formal Semantics, (Second Edition), R,
Dec 2010
- XML Syntax for XQuery 1.0 (XQueryX), (Second Edition), R,
Dec 2010
- XQuery 1.0: An XML Query Language, R, Jan 2007
- XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Data Model (XDM), R, Jan 2007
- XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Functions and Operators, R, Jan 2007
- XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Formal Semantics, R, Jan 2007
- XML Syntax for XQuery 1.0 (XQueryX), R, Jan 2007
RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS:
- XSLT and XQuery Serialization 3.0, R, April 2014
- XQuery Update Facility, R, March 2011
- XQuery and XPath Full Text 1.0, R, March 2011
- XSLT 2.0 and XQuery 1.0 Serialization (Second Edition), R, Dec
2010
- XSLT 2.0 and XQuery 1.0 Serialization, R, Jan 2007
RELATED DRAFTS:
- XQuery 3.1: An XML Query Language, WD, Oct 2014
- XQueryX 3.1, WD, Oct 2014
- XPath and XQuery Functions and Operators 3.1, WD, Oct 2014
- XQuery and XPath Data Model 3.1, WD, Oct 2014
- XSLT and XQuery Serialization 3.1, WD, Oct 2014
- XQuery and XPath Full Text 3.0 WD, Sep 2014
- XQuery 3.1 Requirements and Use Cases, WD, April 2014
- XQuery Update Facility 3.0 Requirements and Use Cases, WD, March
2012
- XQuery and XPath Full Text 3.0 Requirements and Use Cases, WD,
March 2012
- XQuery Update Facility 3.0 WD, Jan. 2013
- XQuery Scripting Extension 1.0 Use Cases, WD, Dec. 2008
- XQuery Scripting Extension 1.0 Requirements, WD, March 2007
XProc To describe
operations to be
performed on XML
documents
- XProc: An XML Pipeline Language, R, May 2010
RELATED DRAFTS:
- XProc V2.0 Requirements, WD, Nov 2013
EXI Optimization of
XML information
- Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) Format 1.0 (Second Edition), R, Feb
2014
- Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) Format 1.0, R, March 2011
RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS:
- Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) Profile for limiting usage of
dynamic memory, R, Sep 2014
RELATED DRAFTS:
- Canonical EXI, WD, Oct 2014
- Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) Primer, WD, April 2014
- Efficient XML Interchange Evaluation, WD, April 2009
- Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) Impacts, WD, Sep 2008
- Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) Best Practices, WD, Dec 2007

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- Efficient XML Interchange Measurements Note, WD, July 2007
XML Fragment
Interchange
Interchanging
fragments
DRAFTS:
- XML Fragment Interchange, CR, Feb 2001
[Introduction | XML | XMLAccessories | XMLTransducers | XMLApplications]
6.XMLApplications
ThelanguagesintendedforXMLdocumentsonsomespecificapplicationareasaredividedintofour
subcategoriesandthelinkstothespecificationsarecorrespondinglyprovidedinfourtables.Thefirst
subcategory(Table5)consistsoflanguagesintendedfornontextualformsofdata,e.g.,mathematicaldata,
multimediadata,animation,vectorgraphics,ruby,andvoice.Thesecondsubcategory(Table6)consistsofthe
languagesintendedforWebpublishing,toreplaceHTML.Thethirdsubcategory(Table7)includeslanguages
todescribemetadataandinparticular,languagesfortheSemanticWeb.Finally,thefourthsubcategory(Table
8)consistsoftheXMLapplicationsrelatedtoWebcommunicationandservices.
6.1NontextualData
Table3showstheXMLapplicationsfornontextualformsofdata.SMILisalanguageforintegratingasetof
independentmultimediaobjectsintoasyncronizedmultimediapresentation.Itcanbeusedtodescribe
temporalbehaviour,layoutofthepresentationonthescreen,andlinksbetweenmediaobjects.Thesecond
versionofSMILsupportsthereuseofSMILsyntaxandsemanticsinotherXMLbasedlanguages.SMIL
AnimationdefinesananimationframeworkforXMLdocuments.ItisbasedupontheSMILtimingmodel,with
someextensions.MathMLisalanguagefordescribingmathematicalnotation.ThegoalofMathMListoeable
encodingmathematicalmaterialfortheWeb.TheRubyAnnotationisamarkuplanguageforruby,shortrunsof
textalongsidethebasetext,typicallyusedinEastAsiandocumentstoindicatepronunciationortoprovidea
shortannotation.SVGisalanguagefordescribingtwodimensionalvectorandmixedvector/rastergraphicsin
XML.ToenabletheuseofspeechontheWebandtheaccesstotheWebusingspokeninteractionW3Chas
developedasetofmarkuplanguage:VoiceXML,SpeechSynthesisMarkupLanguage(SSML),andCall
ControleXtensibleMarkupLanguage(CCXML).TTMLservesasaninterchangeformatbetweenauthoring
systemswheretiminginformationisneeded.InkMLisamarkuplanguagetorepresentinkenteredwithan
electronicpenorstylus.Thelanguageallowstheinputandprocessingofhandwriting,gestures,scetches,
music,andothernotationallanguagesinWebbasedapplications.EMMAisamarkuplanguageintendedfor
describingtheinterpretationofuserinput,forexample,transcriptionofrawsignalderivedfromaspeechor
peninputintowords.ThelateststandardinthisgroupisEmotionMLthatprovidesmarkuprulestoexpress
humanemotions.
Table3.XMLApplicationsforNonTextualFormsofData
Language Purpose Document, Phase (R, PR, CR, WD), Month, Year
SMIL Multimedia
documents
- Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL 3.0) , R, Dec
2008
- Syncronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL 2.1), R, Dec
2005
- Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL 2.0) - [Second
Edition], R, Jan 2005
- Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL 2.0), R, Aug
2001
- Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) 1.0
Specification, R, June 1998
RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS:
- Media Fragments URI 1.0 (basic), R, Sep 2012
RELATED DRAFTS:
- Use Cases and Requirements for Ontology and API for Media Object
1.0, WD, Jan 2010
- Use cases and requirements for Media Fragments, WD, Dec 2009
MathML Mathematical - Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0 2nd Edition,

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notation R, April 2014
- Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0, R, Oct 2010
- Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 2.0 (Second
Edition), R, Oct 2003
- Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 2.0, R, Feb 2001
- Mathematical Markup Language (MathML™) 1.01 Specification, R,
July 1999
RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS:
- A MathML for CSS profile, R, June 2011
Ruby Annotation Markup for ruby - Ruby Annotation, R, May 2001 (Markup errors corrected June 2008)
SMIL Animation Animation - SMIL Animation, R, Sep 2001
SVG Vector graphics - Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1 (Second Edition), R, Aug 2011
- Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1 Specification, R, Jan 2003
- Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.0 Specification, R, Sep 2001
RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS:
- Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) Tiny 1.2 Specification, R, Dec 2008
- Mobile SVG Profiles: SVG Tiny and SVG Basic, R, Jan. 2003, edited
in place June 2009
RELATED DRAFTS:
- Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 2, WD, Feb 2014
- SVG Color 1.2, Part 1: Primer, WD, Oct 2009
- SVG Color 1.2, Part 2: Language, WD, Oct 2009
- SVG Parameters 1.0, Part 1: Primer, WD, June 2009
- SVG Parameters 1.0, Part 2: Language, WD, June 2009
- SVG Compositing Specification, WD, March 2011
- SVG Transforms 1.0, Part 2: Language, WD, March 2009
- SVG Filters 1.2, Part 1: Primer, WD, May 2007
- SVG Filters 1.2, Part 2: Language, WD, May 2007
- SVG Filter Requirements, WD, May 2007
- SVG 1.1/2.0 Requirements, WD, Apr 2002
VoiceXML To describe audio
dialogs; to enable
access to the Web
using spoken
interaction
- Voice Extensible Markup Language (VoiceXML) 2.1, R, June 2007
- Voice Extensible Markup Language (VoiceXML) Version 2.0, R,
March 2004
RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS:
- Semantic Interpretation for Speech Recognition (SISR) Version 1.0, R,
Apr 2007
RELATED DRAFTS:
- Voice Extensible Markup Language (VoiceXML) 3.0, WD, Dec 2010
- Voice Extensible Markup Language (VoiceXML) 3.0 Requirements,
WD, Aug 2008
SSML To assist generation
of synthetic speech
in Web and other
applications
- Speech Synthesis Markup Language (SSML) Version 1.1, R, Sep 2010
- Speech Synthesis Markup Language (SSML) Version 1.0, R, Sep 2004
RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS:
- Pronunciation Lexicon Specification (PLS) Version 1.0, R, Oct 2008
- Speech Recognition Grammar Specification Version 1.0, R, March
2004
RELATED DRAFTS:
- Speech Synthesis Markup Language Version 1.1 Requirements, WD,
June 2007
TTML Textual information
that is associated
- Timed Text Markup Language 1 (TTML1) (Second Edition), R, Sep
2013

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with timing
information
- Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) 1.0, R, Nov. 2010
RELATED DRAFTS:
- TTML Text and Image Profiles for Internet Media Subtitles and
Captions 1.0, WD, Sep 2014
- Media Accessibility User Requirements, WD, Aug 2014
CCXML To provide telephony
call control support
for dialog systems,
such as VoiceXML
- Voice Browser Call Control: CCXML Version 1.0, R, July 2011
InkML To represent ink
entered with
electronic pen or
stylus
- Ink Markup Language (InkML), R, Sep 2011
EMMA Multimodal
annotation markup
language; to enable
access to the Web by
using multi-modal
interaction
- EMMA: Extensible MultiModal Annotation markup language, R, Feb
2009
RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS:
- Multimodal Architecture and Interfaces, R, Oct 2012
RELATED DRAFTS:
- EMMA: Extensible MultiModal Annotation markup language Version
1.1, WD, June 2013
EmotionML To describe human
emotions
- Emotion Markup Language (EmotionML) 1.0, R, May 2014
SCXML State charts DRAFTS:
- State Chart XML (SCXML): State Machine Notation for Control
Abstraction, WD, May 2014
6.2WebPublishing
Table4liststhelanguagesdevelopedtoenableWebpublishingusingXML.XHMTLisareformulationof
HTML4inXML1.0.TheoriginalXHMTLlanguagehaslaterbeenmodularizedandtheminimalsetofmodules
requiredisdefinedinXHTMLBasic.XFormsisalanguagetosupporttheuseofinteractiveformsontheWeb.
XFormscanbeintegratedtoothermarkuplanguages,suchasXMTML,butalsotoothers.XHTMLPrintisa
memberinthemodulebasedXHTMLfamilylanguages.Itprovidesasimplepagedescriptionformatforlow
costprinters.InOctoberW3CpublishedanewversionofHTMLcalledHTML5withnewfeaturestosupport
Webapplicationauthorsandinteroperability.Thespecificationdefinesanabstractlanguageandmemory
presentationcalled"DOMHTML".Thespecificationalsodefinestwoconcretesyntaxesforthelanguage,one
beingtheHTMLsyntaxandtheothertheXHTMLsyntax.TheXHTMLsyntaxofHTML5iscalledXHTML5.
Table4.XMLApplicationsforWebPublishing
Language Purpose Document, Phase (R, PR, CR, WD), Month, Year
XHTML Reformulation of
HTML 4.0 in XML
- XHTML™ 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second
Edition), A Reformulation of HTML 4 in XML 1.0, R, Jan 2000,
revised Aug 2002
- XHTML™ 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language, A
Reformulation of HTML 4 in XML 1.0, R, Jan 2000
- XHTML™ 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language, R, Jan
1999
RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS:
- RDFa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing, A collection of attributes
and processing rules for extending XHTML to support RDF, R, Oct
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RELATED DRAFTS:
- RDFa Use Cases: Scenarios for Embedding RDF in HTML, WD,
March 2007
- Authoring Techniques for XHTML & HTML Internationalization:
Characters and Encodings 1.0, WD, May 2004
XHTML Basic The minimal core of
XHTML
- XHTML™ Basic 1.1 - Second Edition, R, Nov 2010
- XHTML™ Basic 1.1, R, July 2008
- XHTML™ Basic, R, Dec 2000
XHTML
Modularization
Definition of
XHTML in a set of
modules
- XHTML™ 1.1 - Module-based XHTML – Second Edition, R, Nov
2010
- XHTML™ Modularization 1.1 - Second Edition, R, July 2010
- XHTML™ 1.1 - Module-based XHTML, R, May 2001
- Modularization of XHTML™, R, April 2001
RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS:
- XHTML+RDFa 1.1 - Second Edition, Support for RDF via XHTML
Modularization, R, Aug 2013
- XHTML+RDFa 1.1, Support for RDF via XHTML Modularization, R,
June 2012
XForms Web forms - XForms 1.1, R, Oct 2009
- XForms 1.0 (Third Edition), R, Oct 2007
- XForms 1.0 (Second Edition), R, March 2006
- XForms 1.0, R, Oct 2003
RELATED DRAFTS:
- XForms 2.0, WD, Aug. 2012
- XForms 2.0: XPath expression module, WD, Aug 2012
- XForms for HTML, WD, Dec 2008
- XForms 1.0 Basic Profile, CR, Oct 2003
- XForms Requirements, WD, April 2001
XHTML-Print Simple XHTML
suitable for printing
from mobile devices
as well as for display
- XHTML-Print - Second Edition, R, Nov 2010
- XHTML-Print, R, Sep 2006
XHTML5 The XHTML syntax
for HTML5, the new
version of HTML
- HTML5. A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML,
R, Oct 2014
RELATED DRAFTS:
- HTML5: Techniques for providing useful text alternatives, WD, Oct
2014
- HTML5. Differences from HTML4, WD, Sep 2014
- Polyglot Markup: A robust profile of the HTML5 vocabulary , CR,
July 2014
- HTML5.1. A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and
XHTML, WD, June 2014
6.3MetadataandSemanticWeb
MetadataisnecessarytomanagethedataresourcesoftheWeb.Themajorityofthestandardsdevelopedby
W3CformetadatasupportaddingsemanticmetadatatotheWebandthustransformingtheWebtowards
SemanticWeb.Table5showsthelanguagesimportantfortheSemanticWeb.Themajorideainthe
languagesistostandardizerulesforaddingsemanticmetadatatotheWeb.RDFisageneralmodelforthe
metadatadescribingWebresources(orresourcesingeneral).TheconcretesyntaxofRDFisgivenbyXML
andrequiresalsotheXMLnamespacefacility.TheRDFSchemalanguageallowstheuseofRDFtodescribe
RDFvocabularies,andespeciallytoprovideinformationabouttheinterpretationofthestatementsgiveninan
RDFdatamodel.OWLisasemanticmarkuplanguageforpublishingandsharingontologiesontheWeb.Itis
derivedfromtheDAML+OILontologylanguage.EveryOWLdocumentisalsoanRDFdocument.Markuprules

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calledGRDDLenablesdeclaringanXMLdocumenttoincludeRDFcompatibledata.Aspecialquerylanguage
calledSPARQLhasbeendevelopedforqueryingRDFdata.
Table5.XMLApplicationsforMetadataandSemanticWeb
Language Purpose Document, Phase (R, PR, CR, WD), Month, Year
RDF Metadata for Web
resources
- RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax, R, Feb 2014
- RDF 1.1 Semantics, R, Feb 2014
- Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract
Syntax, R, Feb 2004
- RDF Semantics, R, Feb 2004
- RDF Primer, R, Feb 2004
- RDF/XML Syntax Specification (Revised), R, Feb 2004
- Resource Description Framework (RDF) Model and Syntax
Specification, R, Feb 1999
RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS:
- RDF 1.1 Turtle. Terse RDF Triple Language, R, Feb 2014
- RDF 1.1 N-Quads. A line-based syntax for RDF datasets, R, Feb 2014
- RDF 1.1 N-Triples. A line-based syntax for an RDF graph, R, Feb
2014
- RDF 1.1 Trig. RDF Dataset Language, R, Feb 2014
- RDFa Core 1.1 - Second Edition. Syntax and processing rules for
embedding RDF through attributes, R, Aug 2013
- HTML + RDFa 1.1, R, Aug 2013
- rdf:PlainLiteral: A Datatype for RDF Plain Literals (Second Edition),
R, Dec 2012
- R2RML: RDB to RDF Mapping Language, R, Sep 2012
- A Direct Mapping of Relational Data to RDF , R, Sep 2012
- RDFa Lite 1.1, R, June 2012
- RDF Test Cases, R, Feb 2004
RELATED DRAFTS:
- Use Cases and Requirements for Mapping Relational Databases to
RDF, WD, June 2010
- Representing Content in RDF 1.0, WD, May 2011
- HTTP Vocabulary in RDF 1.0, WD, May 2011
- Pointer Methods in RDF 1.0, WD, May 2011
- RDF Data Access Use Cases and Requirements, WD, March 2005
- Character Model for the World Wide Web 1.0: Resource Identiers,
CR, Nov 2004
RDF Schema To describe RDF
vocabularies
- RDF Schema 1.1, R, Feb. 2014
- RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema, R, Feb
2004
OWL Semantic markup
language for
publishing and
sharing ontologies on
the Web
- OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. Structural Specification and
Functional-Style Syntax (Second Edition), R, Dec 2012
- OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. Document Overview (Second
Edition), R, Dec 2012
- OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. New Features and Rationale
(Second Edition), R, Dec 2012
- OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. Primer (Second Edition), R, Dec.
2012
- OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. Mapping to RDF Graphs (Second
Edition), R, Dec 2012
- OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. Profiles (Second Edition), R, Dec
2012
- OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. Direct Semantics (Second Edition),
R, Dec 2012
- OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. Quick Reference Guide (Second
Edition), R, Dec 2012
- OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. RDF-Based Semantics (Second
Edition), R, Dec 2012
- OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. XML Serialization (Second

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Edition), R, Dec 2012
- OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. Conformance (Second Edition), R,
Dec 2012
- OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. Structural Specification and
Functional-Style Syntax , R, Oct 2009
- OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. Document Overview, R, Oct 2009
- OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. New Features and Rational, R, Nov
2009
- OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. Primer, R, Oct 2009
- OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. Mapping to RDF Graphs, R, Oct
2009
- OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. Profiles, R, Oct 2009
- OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. Direct Semantic, R, Oct 2009
- OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. Quick Reference Guide, R, Oct
2009
- OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. RDF-Based Semantics, R, Oct 2009
- OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. XML Serialization, R, Oct 2009
- OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. Conformance, R, Oct 2009
- OWL Web Ontology Language Overview, R, Feb 2004
- OWL Web Ontology Language Guide, R, Feb 2004
- OWL Web Ontology Language Reference, R, Feb 2004
- OWL Web Ontology Language Semantics and Abstract Syntax, R,
Feb 2004
RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS:
- Web Ontology Language (OWL) Test Cases, R, Feb 2004
- Web Ontology Language (OWL) Use Cases and Requirements, R,
Feb. 2004
WebCGM XCF Metadata for
WebCGM pictures
- WebCGM 2.1, R, March 2010 (Link errors corrected in August 2010)
- WebCGM 2.0, R, Jan 2007
GRDDL Markup for declaring
that an XML
document includes
RDF compatible data
- Gleaning Resource Descriptions from Dialects of Languages
(GRDDL), R, Sep 2007
- GRDDL Test Cases, R, Sep 2007
SPARQL Query language for
RDF
- SPARQL 1.1 Query Language, R, March 2013
- SPARQL 1.1 Overview, R, March 2013
- SPARQL Query Results XML Format Second Edition, R, March 2013
- SPARQL 1.1 Entailment Regimes, R, March 2013
- SPARQL 1.1 Graph Store HTTP Protocol, R, March 2013
- SPARQL 1.1 Protocol, R, March 2013
- SPARQL 1.1 Service Description, R, March 2013
- SPARQL 1.1 Update, R, March 2013
- SPARQL 1.1 Federated Query, R, March 2013
- SPARQL 1.1 Query Results CSV and TSV Formats, R, March 2013
- SPARQL 1.1 Query Results JSON Format, R, March 2013
- SPARQL Query Language for RDF, R, Jan 2008
- SPARQL Protocol for RDF, R, Jan 2008
- SPARQL Query Results XML Format, R, Jan 2008
RELATED DRAFTS:
- SPARQL New Features and Rationale, WD, July 2009
POWDER Metadata to describe
groups of resources
- Protocol for Web Description Resources (POWDER): Description
Resources, R, Sep 2009
- Protocol for Web Description Resources (POWDER): Formal
Semantics, R, Sep 2009
- Protocol for Web Description Resources (POWDER): Grouping of
Resources, R, Sep 2009
RIF Rule Exchange
Format
- RIF Production Rule Dialect (Second Edition), R, Feb 2013
- RIF Basic Logic Dialect (Second Edition), R, Feb 2013
- RIF Core Dialect (Second Edition), R, Feb 2013
- RIF RDF and OWL Compatibility (Second Edition), R, Feb 2013

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- RIF Datatypes and Built-Ins 1.0 (Second Edition), R, Feb 2013
- RIF Framework for Logic Dialects (Second Edition), R, Feb 2013
- RIF Production Rule Dialect, R, June 2010
- RIF Basic Logic Dialect, R, June 2010
- RIF Core Dialect, R, June 2010
- RIF RDF and OWL Compatibility, R, June 2010
- RIF Datatypes and Built-Ins 1.0, R, June 2010
- RIF Framework for Logic Dialects, R, June 2010
widget configuration Packaging format
and metadata for
widgets
- Packaged Web Apps (Widgets) - Packaging and XML Configuration
(Second Edition), R, Nov 2012
- Widget Packaging and XML Configuration, R, Sep 2011
RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS:
- XML Digital Signatures for Widgets, R, April 2013
Ontology for Media
Resources 1.0
A core set of
metadata properties
for media resources
- Ontology for Media Resources 1.0 , R, Feb 2012
Role Attribute 1.0 An attribute to
support the role
classification in
XML documents
- Role Attribute 1.0, R, March 2013
PROV A family of
specifications to
represent and
exchage provenance
information
- PROV-O: The PROV Ontology, R, April 2013
- PROV-N: The Provenance Notation, R, April 2013
- PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model, R, April 2013
- Constraints of the PROV Data Model, R, April 2013
6.4WebCommunicationandServices
ThelanguagesofTable6areintendedforWebcommunicationandservices.XMLSignaturedefinessyntax
andprocessingrulesforXMLdigitalsignatures.Itisintendedtoprovideintegrity,messageauthenticationand
signerauthenticationservicesfordata,beitlocatedwithintheXMLthatincludesthesignatureorelsewhere.
P3PstandsforthePlatformforPrivacyPreferencesanditenablesWebsitestoexpresstheirprivacypractices
inastandardformat.TheXMLEncryptionsyntaxdefinesaspecialelementcalledEncryptedDatatorepresent
theresultofencryptioninXMLform.SOAP(SimpleObjectAccessProtocol)isalightweightXMLbased
protocolforexchangeofinformationinadecentralized,distributedenvironment.CC/PP(Composite
Capabilities/PreferenceProfiles)describesaframeworkforspecifyinghowclientdevicesexpresstheir
capabilitiesandpreferencestotheserverthatoriginatescontent.XKMSisaprotocolfordistributingand
registeringpublickeys,suitableforuseinconjuctionwithXMLSignature.ThelanguagetodefineWebservice
interfacesandfunctionalitiesiscalledWSDL.AnotherlanguagecalledSML(ServiceModelingLanguage)is
intendedforcreatingandconstrainingcomplexandinterrelatedITservicesmoregenerally.
Table6.XMLApplicationsforWebCommunicationandServices
Language Purpose Document, Phase (R, PR, CR, WD), Month, Year
XML-Signature Associating digital
objects by digital
signatures in XML
format
- XML-Signature Syntax and Processing Version 1.1, R, April 2013
- XML Signature Properties, R, April 2013
- XML-Signature Syntax and Processing (Second Edition), R, June
2008
- XML-Signature Syntax and Processing, R, Feb 2002
RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS:
- XML-Signature XPath Filter 2.0, R, Nov 2002
P3P Privacy practices for
Web sites
- The Platform for Privacy Preferences 1.0 (P3P1.0) Specification, R,
April 2002

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XML Encryption Encrypting data and
representing the
result in XML
- XML Encryption Syntax and Processing Version 1.1, R, April 2013
- XML Encryption Syntax and Processing, R, Dec 2002
RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS:
- Decryption Transform for XML Signature, R, Dec 2002
RELATED DRAFTS:
- Test Cases for XML Encryption 1.1, WD, Jan 2012
SOAP Protocol - SOAP Version 1.2 Part 0: Primer (Second Edition), R, April 2007
- SOAP Version 1.2 Part 1: Messaging Framework (Second Edition), R,
April 2007
- SOAP Version 1.2 Part 2: Adjuncts (Second Edition), R, April 2007
- SOAP Version 1.2 Specification Assertions and Test Collection
(Second Edition), R, April 2007
- SOAP Version 1.2 Part 0: Primer, R, June 2003
- SOAP Version 1.2 Part 1: Messaging Framework, R, June 2003
- SOAP Version 1.2 Part 2: Adjuncts, R, June 2003
- SOAP Version 1.2 Specification Assertions and Test Collection, R,
June 2003
RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS:
- SOAP over Java Message Service 1.0, R, Feb 2012
- SOAP Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism, R, Jan 2005
- Resource Representation SOAP Header Block, R, Jan 2005
CC/PP A format for how a
client device tells an
origin server about
its user agent profile
- Composite Capability/Preference Profiles (CC/PP): Structure and
Vocabularies, R, Jan 2004
XKMS Protocol for
distributing and
registering public
keys
- XML Key Management Specification (XKMS) Version 2.0, R, June
2005
- XML Key Management Specification (XKMS) Bindings, Version 2.0,
R, June 2005
WSDL To describe Web
services
- Web Services Description Language (WSDL) Version 2.0 Part 0:
Primer, R, June 2007
- Web Services Description Language (WSDL) Version 2.0 Part 1: Core
Language, R, June 2007
- Web Services Description Language (WSDL) Version 2.0 Part 2:
Adjuncts, R, March 2007
RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS:
- Web Services Transfer (WS-Transfer), R, Dec 2011
- Web Services SOAP Assertions (WS-SOAPAssertions), R, Dec 2011
- Web Services Event Descriptions (WS-EventDescriptions), R, Dec
2011
- Web Services Metadata Exchange (WS-MetadataExchange), R, Dec
2011
- Web Services Fragment (WS-Fragment), R, Dec 2011
- Web Services Eventing (WS-Eventing), R, Dec 2011
- Web Services Enumeration (WS-Enumeration), R, Dec 2011
- Web Services Addressing 1.0 – Metadata, R, Sep 2007
- Web Services Policy 1.5 – Framework, R, Sep 2007
- Web Services Policy 1.5 – Attachment, R, Sep 2007
- Semantic Annotations for WSDL and XML Schema, R, Aug 2007
- Web Services Addressing 1.0 – Core, R, May 2006
- Web Services Addressing – SOAP Binding, R, May 2006
RELATED DRAFTS:
- Web Services Addressing 1.0 – WSDL Binding, CR, May 2006
- Web Services Choreography Description Language Version 1.0, CR,
Nov 2005
- Web Services Choreography Requirements, WD, March 2004

12/4/2014 XML Family of Languages. Overview and Classification of W3C Specifications
file:///Users/airi/Documents/XML%20Family/xmlfamily-20141201.html 16/16
- WS Choreography Model Overview, WD, March 2004
SML Modeling complex
services and systems
- Service Modeling Language, Version 1.1, R, May 2009
- Service Modeling Language Interchange Format Version 1.1, R, May
2009
Aboutthisreport
ThefirstversionofthereportwascreatedinNovember2000aspartoftheXGroupactivitiesattheUniversity
ofWaterlooinCanada.FurthermaintenancetookplaceattheUniversityofJyväskyläinFinland,exceptfrom
fall2006tofall2007attheFacultyofInformationStudiesofUniversityofToronto.Thereportisupdated
irregularily.
[Introduction|XML|XMLAccessories|XMLTransducers|XMLApplications]