Annamaria Buonomano

University of Naples Federico II | UNINA · Department of Industrial Engineering

Nel seguente articolo è presentato un nuovo modello per la simulazione dinamica delle prestazioni energetiche degli edifici. Il modello, implementato in un apposito codice di calcolo, è stato validato attraverso la procedura standard BESTEST. Sono stati sviluppati alcuni casi studio relativi a differenti tipologie di edificio e a varie condizioni c...

We have constructed a 7-node, 1-dimensional model of the heat flow in a water-cooled CPV receiver. The model is validated against data from a module exposed to solar irradiance at various concentrations up to 1,000X at the PETAL solar dish facility at Sede Boqer.

A novel dynamic simulation model for the building envelope energy performance analysis is presented in this paper. This tool helps the investigation of many new building technologies to increase the system energy efficiency and it can be carried out for scientific research purposes. In addition to the yearly heating and cooling load and energy dema...

In this paper, a purposely designed code for the performance analysis of the Water Loop Heat Pump (WLHP) systems is presented. Hourly, daily and seasonal energy system consumptions, operating economic costs and environmental impact assessments are dealt with. For the scope of comparison, the performances of two reference HVAC system are investigate...

The urgent need to reduce energy consumption and environmental impact in the shipping industry has prompted research and industry to explore new solutions for minimizing fuel usage. This study examines the potential effects and benefits of integrating electrical energy storage systems, such as lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, into short s...

This paper includes a part of the findings of an international research project, called HEMOS, funded by the EU through the Horizon Europe program, with the aim of decarbonizing the maritime sector. This study focuses on the use of dynamic simulation and optimization to identify policies and technologies for reducing carbon emissions and enhancing...

This paper presents a novel dynamic simulation model for assessing the energy performance of solar-driven systems employed in green hydrogen production. The system consists of a parabolic dish collector that focuses solar radiation on two cerium-based thermochemical reactors. The model is based on a transient finite-difference method to simulate th...

This paper deals with a new energy design approach for ships to reduce the fuel consumption and the related environmental impact. The proposed method is based on the application of the Building Information Modeling (BIM) to Building Energy Modeling (BEM) technique. Specifically, by a BIM model of the ship a 3D physics-based model (BEM) can be suita...

In this paper a novel dynamic simulation model for enhancing the sustainability of transportation systems equipped with diesel co-generators is presented. In each simulation time step of the carried out energy performance analyses, the best operation/combination of generators as well as their optimal part load ratio are determined with the aim to a...

The unpredictability of renewable energy systems can affect the stability of the electricity grid, causing voltage and frequency imbalances. In this work, a suitable methodology based on the peer-to-peer scheme applied to energy communities is developed and implemented in a simulation tool useful for investigating energy management strategies for d...

This paper includes a part of the findings of an international research project, called HEMOS, funded by the EU through the Horizon Europe program, with the aim of decarbonizing the maritime sector. This study focuses on the use of dynamic simulation and optimization to identify policies and technologies for reducing carbon emissions and enhancing...

The increasing energy demand in harbour areas, coupled with the need to reduce pollutant emissions, has led to the development of renewable energy-based polygeneration systems to face the carbon footprint of ports and ships at berth. In this way, ports can be converted into modern energy hubs in the coming years. From this point of view, this paper...

This study presents a novel modelling and optimization approach of renewable energy communities, focusing on the design of energy flexibility strategies. A comprehensive simulation platform is designed to support multi-domain and multi-disciplinary analyses and maximize renewable energy usage through demand flexibility measures. The model developed...

In this paper, the performance of a novel low-cost water-based vacuum solar thermal collector prototype for obtaining hot water at high temperatures is investigated. As is commonly known, the thermal efficiency of standard flat-plate solar thermal collectors significantly reduces as the operating temperature increases. To enhance thermal efficiency...

In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of a novel solar-assisted heat pump system is presented, which incorporates an integrated collector storage solar water heater as the evaporator. Building heating spaces account for a significant portion of total building energy demand, making energy-efficient and renewable-based technologies promising strate...

The maritime sector plays a crucial role in global trade and economic growth by transporting massive amounts of cargo and containers across the seas. However, the environmental impact of this industry poses a significant sustainability challenge, with the shipping industry accounting for 2-3% of global CO2 emissions. To address this issue, various...

In recent years, the extensive adoption of renewable energy systems (RES) has led to an increase in electricity grid fluctuations, which can result in problems such as voltage and frequency imbalances. The unpredictability of RES, combined with the decentralization of energy production, has made the development of local energy communities a promisi...

District heating and cooling systems are becoming increasingly popular due to their potential for exploiting renewable resources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In this research study, a novel methodology was developed for simulating fifth-generation district heating and cooling systems. The considered methodology is focused on the assessmen...

Building energy modelling represents an important stage for the development of new guidelines aimed at increasing energy efficiency in the building sector. This work proposes a methodology, based on model archetypes, to provide energy models that can evaluate the building load, take into account the influence of fast and slow response heating sourc...

The energy impact of the transportation sector is consistently increasing. The European Union experienced a growth rate of 100% between 1990 and 2018, and current projections indicate that this growth trend is expected to persist over the next decade. In particular, the railway sector impacts a significant portion (up to 280 TWhel per year worldwid...

The spread of energy aggregators and the diffusion of electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) is motivating researchers to find optimal solutions for the joint management of electric vehicles and households. This paper proposes an innovative methodology to simulate and control a residential building portfolio with increasing penetration of electri...

The increasing energy demand in harbour areas, coupled with the need to reduce pollutant emissions, has led to the development of renewable energy-based polygeneration systems to face the carbon footprint of ports and ships at berth. In this way, in the coming years, ports can be converted into modern energy hubs. From this point of view, this pape...

In order to meet the environmental targets imposed by 2050, new high-efficiency technologies and innovative control strategies are considered to improve energy system performances. Proper design of new or existing energy system is therefore crucial, considering the variability of the boundary conditions (weather data files, energy needs, temperatur...

The shipping industry, including passenger and merchant ships, is a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. To reduce these emissions, the use of high efficiency technologies on ships should be explored to define the best configuration for the design or refurbishment process in order to reduce the energetic, environmental and ec...

Optimal design of building envelopes/HVAC systems and free cooling strategies are today necessary to reduce energy, economic and environmental impact of telecommunication, electricity distribution, or electric transportations infrastructures. To this aim, designers and operators require advanced techniques and tools. Target of this paper is to pr...

In the evolving energy sector, where buildings are recognized as dynamic components of energy networks and smart grids, the implementation of new regulations and guidelines is crucial to optimize the interaction between buildings and the grid. The imperative to reduce building energy consumption facilitates the promotion of new technologies that re...

The Covid-19 outbreak raised great attention to the importance of indoor air quality in buildings. Even if the Covid-19 epidemic is nearing an end, all stakeholders agree that increasing outside air flow rates is beneficial for decreasing the likelihood of contagion, lowering the risk of future pandemics, and enhancing the general safety of the int...

Due to the growing interest in 4th and 5th generation district heating systems, characterized by lower working fluid temperatures compared to the past, poligenerative solar-assisted networks are experiencing increasing attention from the research community. In this framework, the adoption of large solar-based thermal systems will become more common...

This paper aims at optimizing the energy performance of an innovative integrated collector-storage solar water heater (ICSSWH) prototype. The system incorporates a high-vacuum gap, which significantly reduces convective thermal losses, and a serpentine absorber system coated with a low-E layer to minimize radiative thermal losses. The methodology i...

About 40% of the total energy consumption in the building sector is required by heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems necessary to ensure indoor air quality and thermal comfort for the occupants’ well-being. Despite the greater interest and progress in energy-saving measures for the building sector, the existing normative and st...

The implementation of load management and demand response programs is motivating utilities to propose demand-side management to incentivize customers to modify their energy consumption during critical events, providing energy flexibility to the grid. With the widespread use of distributed energy resources, energy aggregators have grown significantl...

Indoor thermal comfort represents a key aspect of building design. The reference standards do not consider the thermal adaptability of the human body, and HVAC system control strategies are based on a steady-state assumption that returns an incorrect estimate of occupants’ thermal demand with a consequential misleading of the building energy consum...

This editorial discusses the contributions of the papers belonging to the virtual special issue (VSI) of Energy Reports dedicated to 16th Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES) Conference held in Dubrovnik on 10–15 October, 2021. Original research articles presented at the SDEWES Conference relevant to the Journal...

Ships designers assess thermal loads according to a stationary calculation method for internal (lights, machinery, people) and external (climate) solicitations (ISO7547). However, this approach typically leads to an oversizing of HVAC systems with a resulting negative impact on capital costs as well as on energy consumptions of plants and thus on t...

The introduction of load management and Demand Response programs is motivating utilities to propose demand-side management to incentivize customers to modify their energy demand during critical periods, providing energy flexibility to the grid. Therefore, buildings are undergoing a transformation from passive elements of the energy supply chain to...

District heating and cooling (DHC) systems can successfully reduce the energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in different countries. Among the possible renewable energy technologies to be coupled to DHC networks for supplying heat, the solar-based ones are certainly convenient. In this framework, the simulation of both the thermal and hyd...

In the last thirty years, a widely spread of green energy technologies with low initial costs led to energy production decentralization and an increase in electricity grid fluctuations. Thus, the unpredictability of renewable energy systems (RES) can affect problems in the electricity supply chain, such as voltage and frequency imbalances. For thes...

The energy consumption in the transport sector is constantly growing. Such a growth, from 1990 to 2018, has been equal to the 100% in the EU-13, and the recent predictions see the transport sector far from stopping growing, which in turn implies a remarkable energy consumption increase in the next decade. In this context, the railway sector weights...

This study has the scope of identifying valuable solutions to reduce energy consumption of airport terminals, and providing guidelines to stakeholders to implement important efficiency measures to make airport facilities zero impact and face the challenges that national legislations and international directives impose for energy saving. A comprehe...

Increasing attention of the scientific community is focused on the development of innovative building Integrated Collector-Storage Solar Water Heaters (ICSSWH) to be adopted in buildings. Such devices can in fact permit catching the solar energy and storing it into the device itself without needing centralized storage systems (saving on installatio...

This paper investigates the energy and economic performance of an innovative Integrated Collector-Storage Solar Water Heaters (ICSSWH) prototype by assessing the influence of weather conditions and local energy market prices on the related energy and economic performances. As it is well known, standard ICSSWH devices are typically affected by ther...

his paper describes a new methodology for the development of hourly weather data files, useful for the analysis of the energy performance of moving systems (e.g.: ships, trains, cars, etc.). As it is well known, the climate conditions and the related hygro-thermal parameters (influencing the energy performance of moving systems) vary as a function...

Nowadays, the energy efficiency of large ships attracted increasing interest because of their very high energy demands and pollutants emissions. Several studies addressed both power plant optimizations and adoptions of different emerging technologies to reduce environmental impact of ships. To achieve these goals, it is essential that advanced skil...

Climate change has brought up changes in energy management strategies in the urban landscape. This is based on the fact that the building sector is responsible for over 40% of the total primary energy consumption in the world and for 24% of the greenhouse gas emissions. This is exacerbated by the fact that the building stock in Europe is aging, in...

This editorial discusses the contributions of the papers belonging to the virtual special issue (VSI) of Energy Reports dedicated to the series of four SDEWES Conferences on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems held in Cologne (Germany), Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Gold Coast (Australia) and Buenos Aires (Argentin...

In this paper the implementation and application of a novel methodology for the estimation of the energy demand of the railway building stock is presented. To this aim, a bottom-up modelling approach implemented in a simulation tool is developed to assess the energy footprint and potential savings of railway buildings. The tool is intended to suppo...

The penetration of renewable energy sources in the built environment has led to challenges in planning and controlling the energy production, transmission, and distribution communities. Research is needed to optimize the interaction of building-integrated renewable energy technologies with the grid. In this context, the energy flexibility of buildi...

Covid-19 outbreak raised great awareness about ventilation system performance in indoor spaces. Specifically, the HVAC system design and operating parameters, such as air change per hours, air recirculation ratio, filtration device performance, and vents location, play a crucial role in reducing the spread of viruses, molds, bacteria, and general p...

This paper proposes an innovative algorithm for community energy management control, able to involve customers in energy trading by exploiting their potential energy flexibility. The main innovation relies on a matrix-based control system where the strategy considers individual and community priorities simultaneously. Through the individual energy...

Solar building integration, differs from everyday active solar energy systems on a building envelope, because the active system replaces building elements and are integrated into the architectural envelope and structure. This article aims to present a comprehensive review and analyse the geometrical and architectural characteristics and design poss...

The present study investigates the use and implementation of energy efficient measures and strategies for building applications, toward the Nearly Zero Energy Buildings target. Specifically, objective of the study is to implement building integrated photovoltaic thermal devices coupled with a phase change materials heat exchanger acting as thermal...

An electric or hybrid traction vehicle is provided with a passenger compartment conditioned by means of an air conditioning system, and with electrical/electronic components which are cooled by means of a waste heat dissipation and recovery system; such system transfers the recovered heat to an additional heat exchanger for heating and/or post-heat...

In this paper a novel photovoltaic/thermal glazing system, developed at the Centre for Sustainable Technologies of the University of Ulster (Belfast, UK), and exploiting concentration technology, is presented and investigated. To increase the electricity production, a forced air flux can be created inside the glazed cavity to reduce the PV cells te...

In this paper, a novel dynamic simulation model of the thermal behavior of the human body towards the thermal comfort assessment is presented. The proposed model allows for evaluating the impact of different physical and physiological parameters, human behavior features, and environmental conditions on thermal sensation. This model is suitably embe...

In 2030, 80% of the world's population will live in cities, when cities are responsible for over 70% of global carbon dioxide emissions. As the built environment accounts for 40% of the global primary energy consumption, changes need to take place towards the energy sustainable transition. The above, combined with Europe's aging building stock, bri...

This paper explores the implementation of the Building To Vehicle To Building (V2B2) scheme in European Countries, by evaluating the influence of weather conditions and local energy market prices on its energy and economic performance. The use of electric vehicles as energy vectors among buildings belonging to a virtual cluster is the key aspect of...

This paper aims to examine the integration of a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar system in an energy efficient, environmentally friendly, and technologically advanced prefabricated housing unit, to be considered as a cost and energy-saving solution of construction. The study focuses on the energy production potential of the active solar sys...

Today, solar thermal systems are well established worldwide with an enormous potential for energy production and for high contribution to the future green energy system. Solar domestic hot water systems with natural circulation are most favorable in areas with a mean annual sum of global radiation on a horizontal surface above 1800 kWh− 2 year− 1 a...

This paper presents an innovative Concentrating Glazing system to be adopted in smart building façades: The Concentrating Photovoltaic Glazing system (CoPVG). The device consists of a double-glazing panel integrating a series of concentrating lenses. A thin layer of PV cells is then placed at the lenses’ focus. The peculiar lens design can produce,...

Integrated collector storage units are typically affected by convective and radiative heat losses which significantly reduce their energy performance. To enhance solar collection and heat retention, innovative techniques and novel design of such units are being more and more developed. In this framework, this paper focuses on the design and optimiz...

The present paper investigates the electric and thermal performance of an innovative Concentrating Photovoltaic/Thermal Glazing (CoPVTG) system, developed and experimentally evaluated at the Centre for Sustainable Technologies of the University of Ulster (Belfast, UK). The novel smart window is purposely designed to be compatible with traditional f...

In this paper, a novel mathematical model purposely developed to assess the energy performance of solar-driven thermochemical reactors for green hydrogen production is presented. To this aim, a theoretical analysis about materials, operating principle and geometry of a suitable system consisting of a thermochemical reactor coupled to a solar dish c...

This paper presents a novel building-integrated solar system with integrated thermoelectric cooler; the proposed concept consists of Photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) panels and Peltier thermoelectric cooler (TEC). By exploiting the cooling of PV cells – necessary for increasing their electricity efficiency – PV/T devices simultaneously generate electric...

Since buildings are highly energivorous systems, the energy renovation of the current building stock is an important issue to be addressed toward a more sustainable society. For such a reason, today, both the political guidelines and administrative practices are oriented to stimulate the application of energy-saving measures in the building sector,...

Indoor thermal comfort represents a key aspect of building design. The reference standards do not consider the thermal adaptability of the human body, and HVAC system control strategies are based on a steady-state assumption that returns an incorrect estimate of occupants’ thermal demand with a consequential overestimation of the building energy co...

In the last year, the Covid-19 outbreak raised great awareness concerning Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in confined spaces. Specifically, HVAC system design and operating parameters, such as Air Change per Hours (ACH), air recirculation ratio, and vents location, play a crucial role in ensuring indoor spaces air safety and in reducing the spread of viru...

To reduce the environmental impact of cruise ships, a crucial role is played by the recovery of waste heat from diesel generators used to balance the onboard thermal energy demand. To maximize the recovered waste heat, this paper proposes a novel design methodology for ships energy systems based on the dynamic simulation approach, suitably enhanced...

In the last few years, the negative externalities brought about by climate change are becoming evident. Moreover, in 2030, 80% of the world's population will live in cities, opposed to today's 50%, which explains the fact that cities are responsible for over 70% of global carbon dioxide emissions. Additionally, given that the built environment acco...

The present study investigates the use and implementation of energy-efficient measures and strategies for building applications, toward the Near Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) target. Specifically, the objective of the study is to implement Building Integrated Photovoltaic Thermal (BIPVT) devices coupled with Phase Change Materials (PCM) and thermal...

The use of integrated solar technologies is crucial to achieve the Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB) goal. Among the available technologies, the use of Double Skin Facades (DSFs) integrating photovoltaics is increasing in the last years. The basic idea behind this technology is to replace the outer building element with PV panels, increasing the p...

Due to the rapid rise of renewable energy sources, energy management has become much more complex and crucial. For this reason, suitable energy aggregators are required for resolving electric flow dispatching. These systems manage a large number of electricity fluxes in a unique and simplified electricity demand to be presented to the district syst...

Worldwide, the design, renovation, and sustainable management of port buildings play a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and primary energy consumption. In this framework, computer simulation of building thermal behaviour is an almost mandatory tool to take informed decisions. However, building energy model development is a challeng...

This paper investigates the energy and economic performance of several energy schemes that could potentially be applied to agricultural and zootechnical communities contributing to the international objectives of sustainable development. The proposed energy schemes involve integrated energy efficiency technologies and novel system layouts aiming at...

Today, the use of renewable energies in buildings represents one of the main ways to reach a sustainable world. Whilst present buildings are still often energivorous systems, in the near future they will have to be converted to (or replaced by) zero energy buildings, also capable to export green energy (produced on-site by renewables) towards other...

Nowadays, due to the raising research interest in net and nearly zero-energy concepts at community level, great efforts are spent to investigate self-sustaining and energy- independent communities. Small and off-grid islands represent one of the best places to focus the attention on, and to suit pilot projects of self-sufficient energy communities....

The Canary Islands have great potential for the implementation of sustainable energy systems due to its availability of natural resources. The archipelago is not connected to the mainland electricity grid and the current generation system is mainly based on traditional fossil fuel. Therefore, the islands strongly dependent on fuel importations, wit...

Indoor thermal comfort represents a key aspect for building energy consumption. Besides, the current normative regarding thermal comfort still adopts a static approach without considering the natural adaptability of the human body. The implementation of HVAC system control logics based on a static approach leads to erroneous evaluation of thermal c...

Solar systems represent a viable way to reduce in a sustainable manner building energy consumptions. Nevertheless, two issues can be underlined: insufficient building surface areas for hosting typical stand-alone solar devices and related high initial costs. Consequently, growing research and industrial interest in cost-effective building-integrate...

This paper focuses on a novel energy management approach, namely Building to Vehicle to Building, in which electric vehicles act as vector devices for renewable energy exchanges among buildings. The main goal behind this concept is to benefit from the potentiality of electric vehicles toward the achievement of the zero-energy target extended to a b...

Modern cruise ships are energivorous systems and their design is challenging due to stringent 11 restrictions on the environmental impact recently imposed by the International Maritime 12 Organization. Nowadays, energy saving technologies and strategies for ships can be selected and 13 analysed by means of system dynamic simulations. In this paper...

This paper presents a novel dynamic simulation tool able to assess and optimize the energy, environmental and economic performance of standard and innovative district heating/cooling systems. To this aim, several design and operating parameters (e.g.: weather conditions, heat selling price for users, national unitary price of electricity, etc.) are...

An advanced mathematical model capable of simulating the energy performance of an innovative Integrated Collector Storage Solar Water Heater (ICSSWHs) is presented. Usually, ICSSWH devices available in the market are typically simple and low-cost, combining solar heat collection and storage functions in one unified vessel. However, they exhibit hig...

Nowadays, energy consumption in the building sector in Europe accounts for 40% of the primary energy needs, being responsible for a significant amount of GHG emissions. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the energy performance of buildings, alongside the utilization of alternative energy sources. On the other hand, the last decade’s financial cris...

This paper analyses the energy and economic feasibility of the Building To Vehicle To Building (V2B2) scheme, in which the electricity produced by one building equipped with PV panels is shared to other buildings by means of batteries of plug-in electric vehicles. The proposed approach allows to increase the energy efficiency of buildings toward th...

This paper focuses on the energy performance of smart building façades integrating a novel Concentrating Photovoltaic/Thermal Glazing (CoPVTG) technology. This novel façade technology combines glazing based solar concentrating elements coupled with a PV/Thermal absorber. Specifically, the technology consists of a double-glazing panel, the outside p...

This paper focuses on the design of an innovative high-vacuum solar thermal collector, for which a novel dynamic simulation model is developed. As it is well known, standard flat plate solar thermal collectors are affected by thermal losses which significantly reduce their energy performance. Among all thermal losses, convective and radiative accou...

Small islands are usually characterized by high energy demand and no electricity network access with a consequent high fossil fuel energy consumption. This issue could be overcome by increasing the adoption of renewable energy systems and by enhancing the systems’ energy efficiencies. In this framework, the adoption of dynamic simulation and optimi...

In the last years, the International Maritime Organization has been imposing severe and restrictive regulations on pollutant emissions to reduce the environmental impact of modern ships. Thus, the sustainable design of modern cruise ships is crucial to comply with these regulations. In this paper, a novel approach for assessing the potentiality of...

In the last decades, the use of centralized energy production is being replaced by distributed energy networks and partially self-sustaining and energy-independent communities. Such approach requires careful design processes, innovative system layouts and smart control strategies, to be properly conducted by means of dynamic simulation. In this fra...

Nowadays, due also to high hygrothermal comfort requirements, the energy consumption for heating/cooling of modern trains can reach 30% of the related overall electricity demand. Energy-saving of train Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning systems can be suitably assessed through dynamic simulation approaches. Specifically, the weather solicita...

Existing Integrated Collector Storage Solar Water Heaters (ICSSWHs) are typically simple and low-cost devices that combine heat collection and storage functions in one unified vessel. However, during non-collection periods they are affected by higher heat loss characteristics when compared to standard solar collector systems. This paper introduces...

This paper presents a combined experimental and numerical procedure, developed to test the thermophysical behaviour of a real scale PCM wallboard, aiming at providing reliable data for the validation of building energy performance simulation tools. Data obtained from two experimental tests, conducted on real building elements integrating PCM underg...

This paper focuses on the energy and economic analysis of the Building To Vehicle To Building (V2B²) concept, conducted through a comprehensive parametric and sensitivity analysis. The idea behind this novel vehicle to building energy management is to exploit the use of electric vehicles as energy vectors to exchange electricity among buildings wit...

Il presente documento descrive le attività di ricerca svolte all’interno dell’Accordo di collaborazione “Confronto delle nuove metodologie di calcolo rispetto a quelle previste dalle normative attuali (UNI TS 11300)” Responsabile scientifico ENEA: Domenico Palladino Responsabile scientifico Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II – Dipartiment...

This paper focuses on the experimental validation of a building energy performance simulation tool by means of a comparative analysis between numerical results and measurements obtained on a real test room. The empirical tests were carried out for several months under variable weather conditions and in free-floating indoor temperature regime (swit...

The paper was presented at IAQVEC 2019 - 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation in Buildings. Bari (Italy), September 5th 2019. This paper focuses on a novel energy management approach for cluster of buildings connected in micro-grids by taking advantages from plug-in electric vehicles considered as...

This paper presents the design and a mathematical simulation model of a novel evacuated flat-plate solar thermal collector prototype. As it is known, for a typical solar thermal collector, the convective heat dissipation accounts for a large percentage of the overall thermal losses. These losses can be reduced by “insulating” the solar absorber wit...