Ali Çifçi

Marmara University · Department of History

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of stables and pens in settlements of the Urartian Kingdom period. Urartian royal inscriptions contain references to such structures; however, the interpretation of their functions, the translation, and the meaning of these words remain ambiguous. Considering that the subsistence economy in the landsca...

This study investigates water management systems at fortresses and cities built by the Urartian Kingdom, focusing on questions such as how water was supplied to settlements and where it was stored. The Urartians often preferred to build their settlements close to freshwater sources in the plains and at the intersections of main roads along the rock...

This study investigates water management systems at fortresses and cities built by the Urartian Kingdom , focusing on questions such as how water was supplied to settlements and where it was stored. The Urartians often preferred to build their settlements close to freshwater sources in the plains and at the intersections of main roads along the roc...

MÖ 9. ve 6. yüzyıllar arasında Van Gölü Havzası’nda ortaya çıkan Urartu Krallığı kısa bir zamanda içinde Doğu Anadolu, Kafkasya ve Kuzeybatı İran'a kadar topraklarını genişleterek buralarda bulunan birçok farklı kabile veya küçük krallıkları egemenliği altına almıştır. Krallığın kuruluş sürecinden kısa bir süre sonra siyasi, ekonomik ve askeri kuru...

After emerging in the Lake Van Basin of Turkey, the Urartian kingdom expanded its territory across Eastern Anatolia, Northwestern Iran, and Armenia between the late 9 th and early 7 th century BC. The high altitude of these regions and the climatic conditions, especially long and harsh winters with heavy snowfall, likely forced the Urartian monarch...

After an opening review and critique of Soviet and Western and Turkish scholars (some of whom were influenced by Marxism) and their interpretations of the socio-economic structure and nature of Urartian society, this chapter goes on to examine briefly the topography, hydrology, climate, and ecology of the Urartian lands before turning to mainstays...

The site of Hamza Tepe cemetery is located 10 km northwest of Elbistan district of Kahramanmaraş province and lies to the west of Elbistan Karahöyük settlement. Within the scope of the renewed archaeological excavations at the Elbistan Karahöyük settlement, a test trench was opened at the Hamza Tepe which revealed a cremation cemetery. The archaeol...

Sakçagözü, located in the Nurdağı district of Gaziantep province, was excavated by John Garstang between 1908 and 1911 during two excavation seasons. Of the 11 identified layers, IX. and X. contain the Neo-Hittite palace enclosure, which was surrounded by walls and had a ‘bit hilani’ structure decorated with reliefs. The excavation records, photogr...

The Urartian kingdom was composed of many disparate tribes across Anatolia, Caucasia and north-western Iran between the 9th and 6th centuries BC. At the end of the 9th century BC, the Urartian king Išpuini, followed by his son Minua, raised a lesser-known local god from the city of Muṣaṣir to the supreme position in the Urartian pantheon. Unlike th...

In this study, the socioeconomic structure of the Urartian kingdom is examined by considering the archaeological and written evidence of the state's activities related to agriculture and animal husbandry. The state economy is based on agriculture and animal husbandry. Military campaign of Urartian kings also generated revenues in terms of booty and...

This article presents a systematic review of the geographic, archaeological and textual evidence for irrigation systems in eastern Anatolia during the period of the Urartian Kingdom (ca. ninth to sixth centuries BC). Inscriptions from large water management systems clearly date them to the reigns of individual named kings and identify these systems...