Can we use our material after being used for the determination of point of zero charge?

I am a trainee engineer in power plant. I am now days reading about HV circuit breakers nameplate data. 145 KV circuit breakers have following data in their nameplate

Short circuit making current

Short circuit breaking current

Line charging breaking current

Out of Phase breaking current

First pole to clear factor

Lighting impulse withstanding voltage

Among he following i have many queries related to first pole to clear factor and line charging breaking current.

The line charging breaking current is the maximum capacitive current that a breaker can break. For 145 KV it is 50A . When line is unloaded or very lightly loaded the charging current flows due to capacitive behavior of lines. If the trip command is given to breaker then there is a chance of arc re strike at current = 0 because at current zero the voltage is max for perfect capacitive load. Now what i am thinking in my mind why only capacitive line charging current is mentioned in nameplate the same thing can happens in inductive load because in inductor there is also a phase difference of 90 degrees between voltage and current. Secondly why this line charging breaking current capacity is too small it means only few amperes flow for line charging.

Then comes first pole to clear factor which says the recovery voltage across first pole is higher than the other two poles. It is due to fact that that three phase voltages have phase difference of 120 degrees so when trip command is given to breaker the arc current at 1 pole clears first as the current crosses zero but meanwhile the other two poles takes time due to 120 degree phase difference BUT............

I am using silvaco to see small signal response in a device (using ac.analysis). I am able to look at G and C values, but I also want to see the fluctuations (amplitude and phase) in current density (drift and diffusion both) and in charge carrier concentration and electric field. I tried the probe command, but it does not work (it shows zero when any of these is plotted against frequency). How can this be achieved?

Thanks in advance for the help!

I am working how to quantify the point of zero charges of soils used for vegetable production using Uehara and Gillman 1981 protocol. After generating the data, I am finding it difficult to plot the graph.

Which of hydrogen cars and electric cars will win the race to green smart mobility? As many countries (Norway, Germany, Japan, etc.) are shifting towards cleaner and sustainable mobility, hydrogen cars and electric cars have emerged as viable alternatives to conventional fossil-thermal powered vehicles. Both of the two technologies are zero direct emissions while hydrogen cars have a fast refueling time, lighter weight and longer driving range compared to electric cars who have Lower operating costs due to fewer moving parts and reduced energy costs. For instance, EV cars, even with longer charging times, are leading due to vehicle availability with lower cost and extensive charging infrastructure.

I need to answer this question to continue my research.

I am using the PMX tool to generate a hybrid (dual) topology file for proteins. When I do mutation of uncharged amino acid to the charged amino acid that time net charge on the system becomes non-zero. To keep the net charge of the system constrained to zero, I want to mutate water molecules to Na or Cl ions with protein amino acid mutation.

I want to know, how can i make a dual topology file for water ion transformation and use it in Gromacs.

Can you please help me with this?

Some people take the slope of the forward-biased region (straight line) to calculate Ncv i.e. carrier concentration while some people take the point at zero bais. My question is, what is the more realistic scenario for calculating carrier concentration from Mott Schottky Plot? Thanks in advance (In my view, at zero bias)

How to determine the zero point charge for a schottky barrier or a composite consisting of more than one oxide for photocatalytic degradation ?

Thanks

I am looking for a low cost faraday cage to evaluate whether external stimuli affect anyone with a mental illness, learning disability, or autism . It should only have a charge less than 10 down to 0 hertz; 0 hertz is ideal. I hope someone here has more training than me acquiring these devices because are so important to my research. Has anyone studied this before?