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Intake and probability of adequacy for selected nutrients among males Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (n ¼ 295)
Source publication
To examine the relationship between variety scores of food groups (between and within food groups) and the probability of nutrient adequacy in Tehranian men.
A cross-sectional study assessing food intake by two 24-h recall questionnaires. Dietary diversity was defined according to diet quality index revised, which was used by Haines et al in 1999....
Context in source publication
Context 1
... considerable proportion of the men ate at least 1 2 servings of rice, whole and refined bread, vegetables, tomato, green leaves and meat during the 2 days (Table 3). Table 4 shows the intake and probability of adequacy for selected nutrients among subjects. A high proportion of the Tehranian men in this population sample failed to meet the adequate amount of zinc, vitamin B 6, magnesium, calcium, copper and vitamin B 12 in this population. ...
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Background:
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Citations
... A varied diet is related to more intake of macro-and micronutrients. Moreover, higher dietary diversity is a key component of higher diet quality and nutritional adequacy [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Some previous studies demonstrated that DDS is positively associated with a higher intake of all nutrients in adults [8,11,12]. ...
... The inclusion criteria for athletes were as follows: (1) Football experience within the last two years with a protocol of 3-4 times/week and 90-120 min/session; (2) Aged 20-30 (years) and body mass index (BMI) 20-25 (kg/m 2 ); (3) Metabolic equivalent of task (MET) > 3000 (min/week); (4) Not taking any antioxidant supplements in the last month; (5) Stable eating habits within the last two months; (6) No smoking and alcohol. ...
Background
Dietary patterns that include high-quality and varied food groups have the potential to modulate oxidative status. This research was conducted to determine dietary diversity score (DDS) and food quality score (FQS) in football players and their matched non-athletes, also their associations with oxidative indicators assessed by the urinary levels of F2alpha-isoprostane (F2a-IP) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG).
Methods
Participants consisted of 45 male football players and 45 male non-athletes in two age-and body mass index (BMI)-matched groups from Shiraz City, Iran. Anthropometric measurements were performed, and urine samples were analyzed to determine oxidative biomarkers. Dietary data derived from a reliable food frequency questionnaire with 168 items was completed to determine DDS and FQS. For data analysis, an appropriate generalized estimating equation model was set up.
Results
Our results demonstrated that FQS (β = 5.46; P < 0.001) and DDS (β = 1.30; P < 0.001) scores were significantly higher in the footballers in comparison to the non-athletes. Moreover, FQS was negatively associated with 8-OHdG (β=-0.35; P = 0.008) and F2a-IP (β=-4.30; P = 0.01) levels in all participants. In addition, DDS was inversely related to 8-OHdG (β=-1.25; P = 0.01) and F2a-IP (β=-11.67; P = 0.04) levels in all participants.
Conclusions
Food quality scores and dietary diversity of footballers’ diets were found to be higher in comparison to the non-athletes. Furthermore, a higher FQS and DDS were associated with lower levels of oxidative biomarkers in all participants.
... A significant and positive linear relationship existed between food variety score and dietary calcium intake. Dietary variety improved intake of micronutrients such as calcium, vitamin C and vitamin B 2 [37]. There was also a linear relationship between food variety score and dietary micronutrient such as thiamine, niacin, folate, iron, zinc and sodium. ...
Introduction:
There is a dearth of information about the food variety and consumption scores of adolescents in Ghana. This study assessed predictors of food variety and consumption scores of adolescents living in a rural district in Ghana.
Method:
In this cross-sectional study, a multi-stage sampling method was used to select one hundred and thirty-seven (137) adolescents from the Asante-Akim South Municipality of Ghana. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic, food practices and dietary intakes of study participants. Descriptive, chi-square, T-test, partial correlation and binary logistic regression were used for the data analysis.
Results:
The mean food variety score was 25.8±6.4 (range 7-42) and food consumption score was 35±5.1 (range 18.6-49.9). Food variety score was significantly (p<0.05) associated with guardian income status. A significant and positive partial correlation existed between food variety score and calcium intake (r = 0.236, p<0.05). About 49% and 51% of adolescents were food insecure and food secure, respectively. Food consumption score had significant association (p<0.05) with gender (X2 = 6.1), residence (X2 = 7.0), frequency of meal (X2 = 6.8) and food variety score (X2 = 5.4). Adolescent male (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI (1.2-4.6), p = 0.017), peri-urban residency (AOR = 2.1, 95%CI (1.0-4.4), p = 0.036), having three or more meals per day (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI (1.3-13.6), p = 0.018), and a high food variety score (AOR = 2.1, 95%CI (1.0-4.2), p = 0.041) significantly predicted food consumption scores.
Conclusion:
Moderate income status was associated with food variety score in our study participants. Linear relationship existed between food variety and calcium intake. Adolescent males, peri-urban residency, frequency of meals and high food variety score were the predictors of food consumption score. Nutrition-specific and nutrition sensitive programmes aimed at promoting adolescent health should involve guardians.
... Malnourished older adults have a high prevalence of frailty [40]. Additionally, the participants with a high DDS had a high intake of protein, vitamins, and antioxidant nutrients [41,42], all of which have been reported to the prevention of frailty. Loss of muscle mass and strength is regarded as a key pathology leading to frailty [43]. ...
Background
Frailty has emerged as a global health burden with increased population aging. A diverse diet is essential for an adequate and balanced supply of nutrients. However, limited evidence supports the relationship between dietary diversity and frailty. We therefore assessed the associations of dietary diversity with the risk of frailty.
Methods
We used the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey to analyze a prospective cohort of Chinese older adults. A total of 1948 non-frail older adults were included in the final sample. Participants were categorized into groups with high or low dietary diversity scores (DDSs) using a food frequency questionnaire. A Generalized Estimating Equation were used to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for determining frailty incidence.
Results
Among 1,948 participants, 381 had frailty with the prevalence of 19.56% during the 3-year follow-up period. Compared with the low DDS group, the high DDS group exhibited a lower risk of frailty (RR, 0.72; 95% CI: 0.57–0.91). Compared with those with a consistently low DDS, the RR of participants with a consistently high DDS for frailty was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.42–0.74). Moreover, meat, beans, fish, nuts, fresh fruits, and fresh vegetables were inversely associated with frailty. In stratified analysis, a consistently high DDS, compared with a consistently low DDS, reduced the risk of frailty for people aged 65-79 years and those living in town and rural areas.
Conclusion
This study found a prospective association between dietary diversity and frailty among Chinese older adults. These findings stressed that it is important to improve dietary diversity for older adults to promote healthy ageing, particularly for young older adults and in town and rural areas.
... Dietary pattern analysis involves investigating the effects of the overall diet rather than individual nutrients or foods, and this approach may thus be more indicative of disease risk than individual foods or nutrients [8,9]. The overall diet can be analyzed through the dietary diversity score (DDS), which has been used to evaluate nutrient adequacy and the quality of diets [10][11][12][13]. Research has demonstrated that a higher DDS is associated with higher diet quality [14]. ...
The association between dietary diversity and childhood obesity remains unclear; therefore, this longitudinal study was conducted to analyze the effect of dietary diversity on childhood obesity. One year after the first investigation, a follow-up was completed in 2010. A total of 4538 participants were included for analysis. Dietary diversity scores were calculated based on the consumption of nine recommended food groups which were categorized in accordance with the 2013 United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization guidelines. After a one-year follow-up, the low-score group underwent a significantly more considerable change in weight, body mass index, and body fat percentage than the high-score group (4.62 vs. 4.06 kg, 0.76 vs. 0.51 kg/m2, and 1.99% vs. 1.13%, respectively). Furthermore, in the low-score group, the odds ratios for overweight, obese, and overweight and obese were 1.76 (95% CI: 1.17, 2.65), 0.99 (95% CI: 0.67, 1.46), and 1.35 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.81), and the relative risks were 1.81 (95% CI: 1.03, 3.19), 2.31 (95% CI: 0.81, 6.59), and 1.98 (95% CI: 1.20,3.28), respectively. Low dietary diversity for the recommended food groups was associated with a high weight, high body mass index, and high body fat, which was associated with an increased risk of being overweight or obese in Chinese children.
... The level of dietary diversity is negatively correlated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome (5), cardiovascular diseases (6), diabetes (7), and other diseases (3). The risk of hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes decreased with the increase of dietary diversity score (3,8,9). The evaluation methods of dietary diversity include simple counting method and comprehensive index method. ...
Objective
To examine the association between the neighborhood food environment and dietary diversity score (DDS) among elderly people in China.
Methods
Participants were recruited from 12 communities in Beijing, China, in 2019, using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. Participants (n = 1,764, 730 men) in this study were elderly people aged 65 to 80. A questionnaire survey was used to investigate the intake of various foods in the past 3 days, and their dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated. Baidu Map Application Programming Interface was used to measure the neighborhood food environments, including the density of and proximity to different food outlets. Adjusted multiple linear regression was performed to estimate the association between the neighborhood food environment and DDS.
Results
A total of 1,800 questionnaires were distributed, and 1,775 questionnaires were returned. The questionnaire response rate was 98.6%. Among them, the number of valid questionnaires was 1,764, and the valid rate was 99.4%. The mean age of the participants was 69.7 ± 4.3, and the average DDS was 7.2 ± 1.4. Among the three types of stores, convenience stores had the best access, followed by greengrocers, and finally supermarkets. Sit-down restaurants had the nearest walking distance, Chinese fast-food restaurants had the largest number, and western fast-food restaurants were the most difficult to access. Better access to supermarkets tended to be associated with higher DDS score within all the buffer zones (250 m buffer zone: β = 0.495, P < 0.001; 500 m buffer zone: β = 0.341, P < 0.001; 800 m buffer zone: β = 0.163, P < 0.001; 1,000 m buffer zone: β = 0.243, P < 0.001). However, greengrocers were negatively associated with DDS score within all the buffer zones (250 m buffer zone: β = −0.475, P < 0.001; 500 m buffer zone: β = −0.161, P < 0.001; 800 m buffer zone: β = −0.090, P < 0.001; 1000 m buffer zone: β = −0.112, P < 0.001). As for convenience stores, we only found significant results within the 250 m buffer zone (β = 0.075, P = 0.002). Among the three types of restaurants, the results were inconsistent within different buffer zones. Sit-down restaurants were negatively associated with DDS score within 250 m buffer zone (β = −0.257, P < 0.001), and positively associated with DDS score within 1,000 m buffer zone (β = 0.018, P < 0.001). Living in areas with more Chinese fast-food restaurants tended to have higher DDS within 250 m buffer zone (β = 0.357, P < 0.001); however, there was a opposite result within 1,000 m buffer zone (β = −0.044, P < 0.001). Better access to western fast-food restaurants tended to be associated with lower DDS score within 500 m buffer zone (β = −0.235, P < 0.001) and higher DDS score within 1,000 m buffer zone (β = 0.189, P < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between the nearest distance to the supermarket and the DDS score (β = −0.002, P < 0.001), and the nearest distance to the greengrocer was directly positively correlated with the DDS score (β = 0.004, P < 0.001).
Conclusion
This study suggests that supermarkets may increase the DDS score among older adults in Beijing, while greengrocers may reduce the DDS score. However, the current results are not strong enough to draw specific conclusions. Policymakers need to rely on more evidence to make specific policy recommendations.
... Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the number of vegetables consumed on seven consecutive days and that consumed on two or more days in all groups (r > 0.50), which was especially strong on three or more days (r > 0.70). A few previous studies have used a 24-h recall over two days to determine vegetable variety [24,25]. The present study also suggested that a dietary survey of two or more days would provide an estimate of habitual vegetable variety. ...
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the number of days required to estimate habitual vegetable variety by conducting a multiday, dietary record. Sixty respondents from three groups in Japan (rural residents, general students, and nutrition students) participated in the study using a self-administered questionnaire in September 2018. To measure vegetable variety, the number of different vegetables consumed was extracted from the dietary records of seven consecutive days. Differences in the number of vegetables consumed and the capture proportion over seven consecutive days between groups were examined using repeated measures analysis of variance and one-way analysis of variance. The vegetable variety between each day was also compared using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The vegetable variety based on dietary records for seven consecutive days confirmed the differences between groups by repeated measurements (p = 0.013). However, there was no significant difference among groups in the capture proportion per survey day based on seven consecutive days. Furthermore, there were significant correlations between the number of vegetables consumed over seven consecutive days and that consumed on two or more days (r > 0.50, p < 0.01) and especially three or more days in all groups (r > 0.70, p < 0.001). The present study suggested that a dietary survey over two or more days could provide an estimate of habitual vegetable variety.
... 64 Dietary diversity is the key driver of nutrient adequacy and various food groups contribute to nutritious diet. [65][66] Health is fundamental for prosperous and productive social order. 67 It has been noted that the menace of food insecurity and urbanization in Nigeria require integrated policy kit based on urban food scheme, infrastructural network and food policy thoughtfulness. ...
Food and nutrition security has always been a challenging policy issue in Pakistan. It is going to be a matter of serious concern in the post Covid-19 scenarios. In this policy brief, we have examined literature and best practices for tracing plausible policy narratives so as to ensure food and nutrition security of masses on sustainable basis. The idea of “basket of policies” has been coined in four dimensions of food security. This contains 24 policy options that may be workable across micro, meso and macro lines. In food availability dimension, inputs price volatility and government intervention at micro level, regulatory arrangements and institutional strengthening at meso level while incentives for adaptation to climate change at macro level have been identified. For food accessibility dimension, price regulation mechanism, employment creation and poverty reduction policy dossier has been proposed. For nutritive food utilization, dietary diversity may be the solution along with balanced food consumption. Similarly, food sustainability demands deep focus on improving the livelihood of people through people-centric governance. All such public policy options need to be converged for sustainable solutions. In this way, we have logically deduced that instead of isolated strategies, a holistic basket of policies for all dimensions of food and nutrition security need to be concurrently launched in the country in the post pandemic scenario. This may be operated efficiently and effectively in close coordination of provincial and federal administrative units.
... FGIs were used in 106 studies and were usually a simple count of the different groups consumed over a reference period (n = 90). Another approach was to first assess the diversity of food consumed among 5 main food groups, weighted by intra-food-group diversity (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34). We observed a large variability across studies in the number of food groups considered (Figure 3). ...
... We found 19 studies that investigated the relation between DDIs and dietary adequacy with accounting for energy intake. When energy intake was controlled for, the relations were attenuated but still significant in 7 studies (25,28,(60)(61)(62)(63)(64), became nonsignificant in 2 studies (58,59), and were not attenuated in 2 studies (37,47). However, while higher energy intake has long been recognized as a potential confounding factor when studying the relation between micronutrient intakes and indexes of overall diet quality (7), it could also play a mediating role in that relation. ...
... Most of the time, foods were classified in 5, 9, 10, or 12 groups. Most of the time, consuming some foods from the same group 1 or more times scored 1; not consuming a food group scored 0. In a few cases, intra-food-group diversity was taken into account (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34). Only 14 studies explored how DDIs were associated with nutrients that can be unhealthy if consumed in excess, like SFAs or added sugars (called excess nutrients in the rest of the article). ...
Dietary diversity has long been recognized as a key component of diet quality and many dietary diversity indicators (DDIs) have been developed. This systematic scoping review aimed to present a comprehensive inventory of DDIs and summarize evidence linking DDIs and dietary adequacy or health outcomes in adolescents and adults. Two search strategies were developed to identify peer-reviewed articles published in English up until June 2018 and were applied to Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus. A 2-stage screening process was used to select the studies to be reviewed. Four types of DDIs were identified among 161 articles, the majority of them belonging to the food group-based indicator type (n = 106 articles). Fifty studies indicated that DDIs were proxies of nutrient adequacy, but there was a lack of evidence about their relation with nutrients to limit. Associations between DDIs and health outcomes were largely inconsistent among 137 studies, especially when the outcomes studied were body weight (n = 60) and noncommunicable diseases (n = 41). We conclude that the ability of DDIs to reflect diet quality was found to be principally limited to micronutrient adequacy and that DDIs do not readily relate to health outcomes. These findings have implications for studies in low-and lower-middle-income economies where DDIs are often used to assess dietary patterns and overall diet quality.
... This study also found that the low intake (lowest tertiles) of food groups such as cereals and millets, pulses and legumes, green leafy vegetables, roots and tubers, other vegetables, fruits and fats and oils increased the risk of micronutrient inadequacy. Moreover, variation in the food groups can affect the specific nutrient adequacy (Azadbakht, Mirmiran, & Azizi, 2005) as well as overall nutrient adequacy (Torheim et al., 2004). DDS is considered as an indicator of nutrient adequacy (Ogle, Hung, & Tuyet, 2001;Ruel, 2003;Torheim et al., 2004). ...
Meitei is the main ethnic community that belongs to the north‐eastern state of Manipur in India. This community is bestowed with rich biodiverse resources with indigenous foods still form an integral part of their diet. However, limited data on the food and nutrient consumption as well as nutritional status of this community are available. This study was carried out on the children, adolescents and women of reproductive age (WRA) of this community from 12 villages, to determine their food consumption pattern and nutritional status. Basic anthropometry and 24‐h dietary intake assessment was conducted. The prevalence of underweight was 27%, stunting was 45% and wasting was 12% in children below 5 years. Stunting was observed among 34% of children 5–17 years of age. About 7% of WRA were undernourished, while 28% were overweight or obese. About 55% of 1–7 year‐old children had mean probability adequacy of 12 micronutrients <0.5, and the adequacy of individual micronutrients namely vitamin A, E and calcium were low. Dietary determinants such as low dietary diversity score, dietary species richness and the lowest tertiles of different food groups' intake (except for sugars, fish and sea foods and spices and condiments) predicted micronutrient inadequacy. In addition to a high prevalence of undernutrition in children and adolescents and overnutrition in WRA, the effect of various dietary determinants on micronutrient adequacy in the study group of the Meitei community are reported.
... This has also been observed in previous studies conducted within younger Saudi population (43,44). Several studies have presented a positive correlation between calorie intake and DDS (45,46). Nevertheless, better diet quality is characterized by greater fibre and micronutrient intake and less saturated fat intake (47). ...
Aim
to investigate dietary intake levels of Saudi females with and without polycystic ovary syndrome)PCOS( and to evaluate their diet diversity and its relationship to visceral adiposity.
Methods
The present case-control study included 90 PCOS patients and 90 healthy controls whose age and body mass index were matched. Data collected using a structured questionnaire including sociodemographic variables, medical history, food frequency questionnaire, and physical activity records. Anthropometric measures were taken and fasting blood samples were obtained for subsequent metabolic and hormonal assays.
Results
Lipid accumulation product and visceral adiposity index were significantly higher among patients with PCOS than their control counterparts (p<0.05). Women with PCOS had more varied diet than non-PCOS women but less physical activity level than non-PCOS women as determined by the METs/min (p>0.05). Women with PCOS had significantly higher intake levels of dietary energy, carbohydrates, proteins and total fat than their controls (p<0.05).
Conclusions
Women with PCOS had more diverse diet and less physical activity compared with controls, highlighting future targets for lifestyle interventions in PCOS.
