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We describe an additional species in the oegopsid squid family Onychoteuthidae from the Gulf of Mexico. Although similar to Onykia rancureli Okutani (=Callimachus rancureli sensu Bolstad), the species described here differs by having fewer hooks and carpal suckers on the tentacle clubs and a wider head. In considering the generic relationships of t...
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... Molecular approaches are powerful tools to investigate life history and population dynamics in enigmatic species, such as cephalopods (e.g. Dai et al., 2012;Vecchione et al., 2015;Judkins et al., 2016). This is especially true for midwater offshore species, which are difficult to collect and cannot be kept alive for study onshore. ...
... Population genetic studies are sometimes the only realistic means of inferring life history and broader ecology of enigmatic species that are both difficult to observe and complicated to collect (Dai et al., 2012;Vecchione et al., 2015;Judkins et al., 2016;Domínguez-Contreras et al., 2018). Two metrics targeted in population genetics studies, genetic diversity and population structure, provide especially valuable information about the species at large, namely health and resilience, respectively (Cowen and Sponaugle, 2009;Danovaro et al., 2008;Hellberg et al., 2002;Hughes and Stachowicz, 2004). ...
Despite the ecological importance of deep-sea cephalopods, little is known about their genetic diversity or population dynamics. The cephalopod species Cranchia scabra, Pyroteuthis margaritifera, and Vampyroteuthis infernalis are commonly collected in midwater samples from both the Gulf of Mexico and northwestern Atlantic Ocean but, despite their common appearance in trawls and important roles in marine food webs, no genetic studies of population connectivity exist for these species. Here, Sanger sequencing of three conserved genetic loci and ddRADseq techniques were used to examine population genetic dynamics in these deep-sea species. Genetic diversity is lowest in C. scabra, which appears to be in a population growth stage, and highest in V. infernalis. Population structure was unique to V. infernalis but does not appear to be the result of ocean-basin vicariance, thus possible alternative explanations are explored, specifically environmental variation in dissolved oxygen. The genetic connectivity between these geographically disparate sites suggests these three cephalopod species could be resilient to localized environmental disturbances in the Gulf of Mexico.
... The material examined belongs to the Malacological Collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZSP). Specimens preserved in 70% ethanol were measured following the standards of _ENREF_4, Roper & Voss (1983), Laptikhovsky et al. (2009) and Vecchione et al. (2015 and dissected through usual procedures. ...
... Biometric data were clustered in a table and only the mantle length (ML), fin length (FL), arms length (AI, AII, AIII, AIV -counted dorsally to ventrally), eye diameter (ED) and hectocotylus length (HtL) were used in order to describe and compare the species. Some morphological characters (e.g., tentacle length) are prone to alterations during fixation and therefore were not listed here (Vecchione et al., 2015). All the arms were measured and average values were taken for each arm pair. ...
The distinction of squid species in the genus Doryteuthis is not easy due to their morphological similarity, lack of conspicuous specific characters, and overlap geographical occurrence. This difficulty has leading to an almost exclusive molecular approach, and a premature neglect of the morpho-anatomy. To emphasize that the squid phenotypic features can be useful to identify, as well as to perform any comparative analyses (such as taxonomy and phylogeny), two close species were selected as outset. Doryteuthis pleii and D. sanpaulensis are common sympatric squids in Brazilian waters, commonly used in fisheries, not so difficult to distinguish by external features of the adult specimens. The samples were analyzed from biometric data to dissections, and the found most expressive characters to distinguish them are the mantle-fin ratio; morphology of the tentacle club, its ratio compared to the mantle length; hectocotylus morphology and nidamental gland morphology.
... A recent morphology-based review of the family (Bolstad 2010) raised the number of known species from the 12-14 accepted by most previous studies (e.g., Nesis 1987;Kubodera et al. 1998) to 25, making it one of the more diverse oegopsid families. Seven genera were recognised in the review, ranging from monotypic (Ancistroteuthis Gray, 1849;Filippovia Bolstad, 2010) to quite speciose (seven to ten species in Onychoteuthis Lichtenstein, 1818, andOnykia Lesueur, 1821) with the remaining genera each containing two or three known species ('Callimachus' [= Walvisteuthis Nesis and Nikitina, 1986; see Vecchione et al. 2015]; Kondakovia Filippova, 1972;Notonykia Nesis, Roeleveld and Nikitina, Two molecular studies have also focused specifically on onychoteuthids. Bonnaud et al. (1998) used 16S rRNA to assess relationships among seven onychoteuthid species from four of the presently recognized genera, and found the family to be monophyletic, but noted that the genus 'Moroteuthis ' Verrill, 1882 (=Onykia) was not. ...
The oegopsid squid family Onychoteuthidae was recently revised based on morphology, but sufficient material for a complementary molecular analysis has not been available until now. In the present study, over 250 sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA for 222 individuals were analysed to create a combined phylogeny for the family. Results support monophyly for the family and all seven onychoteuthid genera (including Moroteuthopsis, established herein as the senior genus name for species formerly attributed to Kondakovia); 29 genetically distinct species were recovered, with the BIN analysis for COI showing good congruence overall with morphological species groupings. No sequences were available for five additional known species, making the total family diversity likely to exceed 34 species. Seven of the BINs formed in this study appear to represent undescribed taxa, suggesting that even in this relatively well-studied family, much additional work remains before a comprehensive understanding of the diversity and evolutionary relationships for Onychoteuthidae can be achieved.
... Only two onychoteuthid species have been previously reported from the Sargasso Sea: Onykia carriboea Lesueur, 1821 and Onychoteuthis banksii (Leach, 1817) (Lu & Clarke, 1975;Diekmann & Piatkowski, 2002). Walvisteuthis jeremiahi has only been reported from the Gulf of Mexico (Vecchione et al., 2015). The Sargasso Sea represents a unique oceanic system because it is only sea bounded entirely by currents instead of by a coastline. ...
Squids of the family Onychoteuthidae are ecologically important in pelagic food webs and have been reported from every ocean except the Arctic. Although they are abundant and caught frequently as bycatch in fisheries, the biogeography of many species remains poorly understood. Species identification within the Atlantic Ocean is usually restricted to two species: Onychoteuthis banksii and Onykia carriboea. Here, we report the occurrence of four species of the family Onychoteuthidae (Onychoteuthis cf. banksii, Onykia carriboea, Walvisteuthis jeremiahi, and Onychoteuthis sp. AL 2) from the Sargasso Sea in the western Atlantic, identified using DNA barcoding (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and morphology. Our results have doubled the known onychoteuthid biodiversity in the Sargasso Sea, which has implications for the ecology of this oceanic region.
... Cruises are arranged by month of departure the published range and possibly represents the northern-most specimen collected to date (Judkins et al. 2009;Jereb and Roper 2010). The onychoteuthid squid Walvisteuthis jeremiahi was recently described (Vecchione et al. 2015) and has a distribution centered in the Gulf of Mexico and western North Atlantic. Neoteuthis thielei and Cycloteuthis sirventi are generally rare in collections (Roper 1992;Young and Roper 1969;Young and Vecchione 2005) and documenting these and other rare species over the 15-year collecting period shows that BSM is a highly diverse and dynamic area. ...
Bear Seamount (BSM) is the most inshore seamount in the New England Seamount chain. It is located within the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone and is contained within the recently established Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument. In 2000, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Systematics Laboratory began an exploratory trawling program to document nekton diversity at BSM and its vicinity. Here, we summarize eight exploratory sampling cruises conducted between 2000 and 2014, and describe the cephalopod biodiversity and assemblage structure around BSM. Over the course of 174 deep–midwater and 56 bottom tows, 5088 cephalopods were identified, measured, and documented. In total, 77 species were collected at BSM; 75 species were collected from midwater tows and 28 from benthic tows. Rarefaction curves did not reach an asymptote, suggesting that additional sampling will collect more species. Seventeen species accounted for 75% of the total midwater and bottom catch, including: Illex illecebrosus (n = 605), Magnoteuthis magna (n = 568), Abraliopsis morisii (n = 518), Abralia redfieldi (n = 358), Mastigoteuthis agassizii (n = 336), Histioteuthis reversa (n = 273), Taonius pavo (n = 239), Haliphron atlanticus (n = 195), Brachioteuthis beanii (n = 160), Ornithoteuthis antillarum (n = 153), Pterygioteuthis gemmata (n = 141), Pyroteuthis margaritifera (n = 120), Vampyroteuthis infernalis (n = 101), Chiroteuthis veranyi (n = 33), Bolitaena pygmaea (n = 30), Graneledone verrucosa (n = 11), and Stauroteuthis syrtensis (n = 29). Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of significant analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) results showed that the 2000 cruise was different from other years, meteorological winter was different from other seasons, and that day and night shallow samples were different from each other and all other depths. Based on seasonal size variation in the most abundant taxa, we propose hypotheses of year-round, winter, and spring spawning for future critical assessment. This extensive description of the offshore cephalopod assemblage may be used to assess vulnerability to future environmental changes and human activities.
... A; and possible additional undescribed species of Taoniinae which will require add i t i o n a l s t u d y. Wa l v i s t e u t h i s j e re m i a h i i s a n onychoteuthid that has been recently described from the GOM and was found in this study (Vecchione et al. 2015). A complete species list, including minimum, mean, and maximum mantle lengths by species, is included in Table 3. ...
The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (DWHOS) necessitated a whole-water-column approach for assessment that included the epipelagic (0–200 m), mesopelagic (200–1000 m), and bathypelagic (>1000 m) biomes. The latter two biomes collectively form the largest integrated habitat in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). As part of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) process, the Offshore Nekton Sampling and Analysis Program (ONSAP) was implemented to evaluate impacts from the spill and to enhance basic knowledge regarding the biodiversity, abundance, and distribution of deep-pelagic GOM fauna. Over 12,000 cephalopods were collected during this effort, using two different trawl methods (large midwater trawl [LMT] and 10-m2 Multiple Opening and Closing Net Environmental Sensing System [MOC10]). Prior to this work, 93 species of cephalopods were known from the GOM. Eighty cephalopod species were sampled by ONSAP, and additional analyses will certainly increase this number as hard-to-identify taxa are resolved. Of these species, seven were previously unknown in the GOM, including two probable undescribed species. Because additional work is continuing using only the MOC10, cephalopod species composition of the LMT and MOC10 trawls are compared here for possible differences in inferred diversity and relative abundance. More than twice as many specimens were collected with the LMTs than the MOC10, but the numbers of species were similar between the two gear types. Each gear type collected eight species that were not collected by the other type.
