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a Copper smelter emitting toxic fumes, b fine dust pollution from the roads made up of mine tailings, c effluent from the smelter contaminating water bodies and d local residents living in the vicinity of copper waste and tailing dumps
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Active smelters release high concentration of multiple toxic metal(loid)s into the environment, degrading the soil cover and posing high risks to human health. The present study investigates Cu along with other metal(loids) such as As, Cd, Hg, Co, Mn, Pb and Zn in the soil collected from the vicinity of Cu smelter, Karabash, Russia, and potential h...
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... et al. (2018) estimated a total of 5.7 million tons of pyrite containing tailing from this smelter. A vast area of Karabash and its surrounding areas are therefore affected by high levels of SO 2 and metal(loid)-rich airborne particulates, effluents from the smelter, leachates and fine dusts from tailing dumps, slags-waste and abandoned mines (Fig. 2) ( Udachin et al. 2003;Williamson et al. ...Similar publications
In the search for alternatives to bioremediation of soils, this research aimed to analyze the effects of lime, cement, and asphalt as stabilizers on clayey gravel and sand soil contaminated with gasoline in the laboratory. Concentrations of 10-20% of lime, cement, and asphalt were added to the soil. A standard sample was chosen to compare the resul...
Ten soil samples were collected from Ishaqi project area, Salah Al-Dean Governorate, and analysed for chemical elements (Fe2O3, Al2O3, CaO, K2O Na2O, Co, Zn, Cu, and Pb) to detect the pollution in the study soil using the indices of geo-accumulation (I-geo), contamination factor (CF), and pollution load index (PLI), The results of I-geo indicate th...
Detection of heavy metal containment of soil pollution has been made by using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). A pulsed Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 8 ns, 200 mJ) was focused on to a soil sample, which is prepared in the form of pellet, at atmospheric pressure. Emission spectra taken from the waste-contaminated soil and uncontaminated soil we...
Many countries around the world are forced to use wastewaters in plant production and their codes regulate such usage. However, these policies are not enough to stop their indirect impacts on the ecosystem. In Shobra El-Khema (Egypt), canals and agricultural drains still receive massive amounts of untreated industrial wastes and; therefore, the Egy...
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... Zinc with Conductivity, Turbidity, Hardness, TSS, Chloride, Potassium and Calcium. The positive correlation between these parameters is in agreement with earlier similar results reported by Kumar et al. 86 . Strong positive correlation between Potassium and Calcium was also reported by Egbueri and Mgbenu 87 . ...
... A positive correlation between these parameters is an indication of their common sensitivity to redox reactions leading to the reduction of Sodium and Zinc Hydroxides and Manganese Oxides 87,88 . This also suggested a similar geogenic origin 86,88 and this study agreed with earlier similar results by Ukah et al. 89 . The highly positive correlation was observed suggests that high correlation between metals could be the reason for the same origin and controlling factors. ...
... Zinc with Conductivity, Turbidity, Hardness, TSS, Chloride, Potassium and Calcium. The positive correlation between these parameters is in agreement with earlier similar results reported by Kumar et al. 86 . Strong positive correlation between Potassium and Calcium was also reported by Egbueri and Mgbenu 87 . ...
... A positive correlation between these parameters is an indication of their common sensitivity to redox reactions leading to the reduction of Sodium and Zinc Hydroxides and Manganese Oxides 87,88 . This also suggested a similar geogenic origin 86,88 and this study agreed with earlier similar results by Ukah et al. 89 . The highly positive correlation was observed suggests that high correlation between metals could be the reason for the same origin and controlling factors. ...
Background and Objective: Pollution in the Niger Delta has resulted in approximately nine million premature deaths, accounting for 16% of global mortality, surpassing AIDS, TB and malaria combined. Pollution-related illness claims one in four lives in the most affected nations. The objective is to determine the relationship between the physicochemical and heavy metals parameters in groundwater in the study area. Materials and Methods: Between September, 2019 and August, 2020, the sample was collected. Standardized analytical procedures were used in the study. All sampling, conservation, transportation and analysis were carried out in accordance with the 2018 APHA recommendations. To stop the deterioration of the organic components, all obtained samples were transported to the research lab while being preserved in an icebox. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: It shows that most of the physicochemical indices and heavy metals are correlated significantly with each other during wet and dry seasons. The sign (+) implies that as one parameter of the groundwater increases, the others increase significantly and (-) shows the reverse is the case when one parameter of water increase increases, the other parameters decrease significantly between each of the indices in Ebocha-Obrikom. All the findings were statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Groundwater pollution is caused by irresponsible, shortsighted and unsustainable exploitation of oil and gas resources. Evidence-based strategies are needed to address pollution at the source and a linear regression analysis technique is an effective tool for monitoring groundwater. Extensive monitoring is needed to track its development.
... Numerous technologies both physical (soil flushing, electrostatic precipitation, etc.) and chemical (chemical precipitation, membrane filtration, etc.) have been developed and implemented to get rid of such problems, however, requirement of huge capital, skilled labor, and secondary contaminant generation turned them into a quiescent method to handle these critical problems. Biological agents such as beneficial microorganisms along with plants showed their effectiveness to combat this situation as they are much ecofriendly and cost-effective than other traditional and new methods (Bhagat and Tiyasha 2013;Kumar et al. 2020;Vishnupradeep et al. 2022). Some of the plants that grow in technogenically disturbed sites are fast-growing, have high biomass, and potential to tolerate multiple metals by accumulating them in different organs and thus can be used in bioremediation of metal-enriched sites (Ashraf et al. 2019). ...
... The study was carried out on the territory close to the copper smelter, which has been operating for more than 100 years in the city of Karabash, Chelyabinsk region (Russia). This area has long attracted the attention of scientists from different countries due to extreme multi-metal pollution, but almost all studies are related to the investigation of terrestrial ecosystems (Pollard et al. 2015;Yurkevich et al. 2015;Skalny et al. 2017;Minkina et al. 2018;Kumar et al. 2020;Tripti et al. 2021). At the same time, there are water bodies in the zone of enterprise activity connected with sources of drinking water supply in several cities. ...
... Moreover, because of the long history of continuous operation, the level of contamination has reached its maximum value and caused toxicity issues even for a broader region. The ferrous and non-ferrous metals extracting enterprise is continuously causing toxic atmospheric emissions and discharges of untreated industrial, mine, and domestic wastewater into the river system, which led to significant pollution of the soil, water bodies, sediments, and the atmosphere, soil degradation, and the disappearance of the surrounding vegetation (Pollard et al. 2015;Yurkevich et al. 2015;Minkina et al. 2018;Kumar et al. 2020). Moreover, the impact of HMs and metalloids on human health is well reported by Kumar et al. (2020). ...
The present study of phytomitigation potential and adaptive physiological and biochemical responses of helophyte Typha latifolia L. growing in water bodies at different distances from the century-old copper smelter (JSC "Karabashmed" Chelyabinsk Region, Russia) was conducted for the first time. This enterprise is one of the most dominant sources of multi-metal contamination for water and land ecosystems. The aim of the research was to assess the heavy metal (Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cd, Mn, and Fe) accumulation, the photosynthetic pigment complex, and some redox reactions in T. latifolia from six differently technogenic impacted sites. In addition, the quantity of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (QMAFAnM) in rhizosphere sediments, as well as some plant growth-promoting (PGP) attributes of 50 isolates from each site, were determined. The water and sediment metal concentrations in highly contaminated sites exceeded the permissible/critical limits and were found much higher than that previously reported by other researchers while studying this helophyte. Both the degree of contamination and geoaccumulation indexes further elucidated extremely high contamination due to prolonged activity of copper smelter. T. latifolia accumulated significantly higher concentrations of the most of studied metals in its roost and rhizome with meager transfer to leaves (the translocation factors were less than one). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient showed a strong positive correlation between the metal concentration in sediments and its content in T. latifolia leaves (rs = 0.786 at p < 0.001 on average) and roots/rhizome (rs = 0.847 at p < 0.001 on average). In highly contaminated sites, the folia content of chlorophyll a and carotenoids decreased (by 30 and 38%, respectively), while lipid peroxidation enhanced (by 42%) on average compared to S1-S3 sites. These responses were accompanied by increasing non-enzymatic antioxidant content (soluble phenolic compounds, free proline, and soluble thiols) that allow plants to resist under significant anthropogenic loads. QMAFAnM in the five studied rhizosphere substrates varied insignificantly (2.5 × 106 - 3.8 × 107 cfu g-1 DW) and was decreased only in the most contaminated site (4.5 × 105). The proportion of rhizobacteria capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen decreased by 1.7 times, solubilizing phosphates by 1.5 times, and synthesizing indol-3-acetic acid by 1.4 times in highly contaminated sites, while the amount of siderophore, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, and HCN producing bacteria did not considerably change. The results indicate high resistance of T. latifolia to prolonged technogenic impact, probably due to compensatory adaptive changes in the nonenzymatic antioxidant level and presence of beneficial microorganisms. Thus, T. latifolia was found to be a promising metal-tolerant helophyte that could help in mitigation of metal toxicity due to their phytostabilization even in heavily contaminated environment.
... Did you feel cheerful and calm: Very often [5]; often [4]; sometimes [3]; rarely [2]; never [1]. 24. Your mood during the last 4 weeks. ...
... Te author suggests the release of a huge volume of potentially toxic metal (loids) in the environment caused human health issues. Te hazard quotient and hazard index were 20 times higher for children and slightly >1 for adults [24]. And another copper smelter emission product (heavy metals) exposure study of risk assessment indicates the same problem [25,26]. ...
Background. The industrial city of Zhezkazgan is one of the most important cities in the industrial sector and the most polluted city in the Republic of Kazakhstan. There is placed Kazakhstan’s largest copper smelter. The entire technological process (extraction, crushing, grinding, purification, and smelting of pure ingots) of the production of the copper smelter releases into the environment mainly various kinds of solid particles, sulfur oxides (SOx), and various carcinogenic elements. Emissions from the industrial facilities extend to a significant area around the city, combined with other sources of environmental pollution (motor transport, thermal power plant, individual heating systems, and others). Objective. This study assessed the health status of residents of villages near Zhezkazgan by screening, quality of life studies, and official medical statistics. Methods. This study assessed the health status and quality of life of residents near Zhezkazgan city. The cohort included residents from Talap village (main group) and Malshybai village (comparison group) from the Ulytau district in the Karaganda region. The sampling for the health check and quality of life survey covered 260 adult residents of Talap village and 146 adult residents of Malshybai village. Univariate analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results. In the city district of Zhezkazgan, the overall mortality rate and mortality from diseases of the circulatory system, neoplasms, and respiratory diseases were much higher than in the Karaganda region and the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2015–2020. Residents of the Talap settlement had higher rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) (OR 1.30; 95% CI: 0.70–2.39; and p
... In the past decade, the global annual Cu excavation has steadily increased due to the increased demand for Cu products (Fig. S1, Izydorczyk et al., 2021). However, the environmental impacts associated with the increase in Cu mining activities have been largely overlooked, leading to significant soil contamination by heavy metal(loid)s in Cu mining areas (Serafimovski et al., 2018;Tepanosyan et al., 2018;Kumar et al., 2020;Reyes et al., 2021;Jiang et al., 2021). Previous studies demonstrate that several heavy metal(loid)s, such as Pb, Cd, As, Zn, Cr, Mn, and Ni, accumulate in the topsoil around Cu mines (Shen et al., 2017;Tao et al., 2018;Chen et al., 2019). ...
... Generally, humans are exposed to heavy metal(loid)s through three pathways, including ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact; compared to adults in the same area, children living near a Cu mining site have a higher risk of exposure to contaminated soil due to certain behavioral characteristics such as pica behavior and finger/hand sucking (Ghanavati et al., 2019;Filimon et al., 2021). Recently, heavy metal(loid)s presence in soils around Cu mining sites, has been extensively reported on from various perspectives, including pollution level, spatial distribution, and ecological and health risk assessment via the three exposure routes (Lee et al., 2019;Kumar et al., 2020;Filimon et al., 2021). However, the majority of these reports are field monitoring studies that are concentrated in a few sites or small regions because of limitations in the capacity required for soil sampling and analysis over an expansive area. ...
... In the past decade, the health risk assessment model developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), has been widely used to assess the exposure risk of heavy metal(loid) in soils around Cu mining sites (Kumar et al., 2020;Filimon et al., 2021;Covre et al., 2022). However, the health risk assessment model is based on deterministic values for the input parameters, which are inadequate in representing realistic assessments of the complex phenomena under real conditions (Yang et al., 2020;Ding et al., 2022). ...
With the rapid development of the mining industry, the pollution of heavy metal(loid)s in soils near copper (Cu) mining sites is a significant concern worldwide. However, the pollution status and probabilistic health risks of heavy metal(loid)s of soils associated with Cu mines, have rarely been studied on a global scale. In this study, eight heavy metal(loid) concentrations in soil samples taken near 102 Cu mining sites worldwide were obtained through a literature review. Based on this database, the heavy metal(loid) pollution and ecological risk in soils near Cu mines were evaluated. Most of the study sites exceeded the moderately to heavily polluted levels of Cu and Cd; compared to other regions, higher pollution levels were observed at sites in Oman, China, Australia, and the United Kingdom. Soil pollution by Cd, Pb, and Zn at agricultural sites was higher than that in non-agricultural sites. In addition, these heavy metal(loid)s produced a high ecological risk to soils around Cu mining sites in which the contribution of Cd, Cu, and As reached up to 46.5%, 21.7%, and 18.4%, respectively. The mean hazard indices of the eight heavy metal(loid)s were 0.209 and 0.979 for adults and children, respectively. The Monte Carlo simulation further predicted that 1.40% and 29.9% of non-carcinogenic risk values for adults and children, respectively, exceeded the safe level of 1.0. Moreover, 84.5% and 91.0% of the total cancer risk values for adults and children, respectively, exceeded the threshold of 1E-04. Arsenic was the main contributor to non-carcinogenic risk, while Cu had the highest exceedance of carcinogenic risk. Our findings indicate that the control of Cu, Cd, and As should be prioritized because of their high incidence and significant risks in soils near Cu mines. These results provide valuable inputs for policymakers in designing effective strategies for reducing the exposure of heavy metal(loid)s in this area worldwide.
... Both natural and anthropogenic activities resulted in enriched release of heavy metal into the environment, resulting in its rapid transfer to the plants and other living organisms [1]. The serpentine soils are highly rich in nickel and create unfavorable condition for the growth of the plants. ...
Short-term pot scale study was conducted on the Ni-rich serpentine slag generated due to smelting, amended with 1% and 3% of biochar along with other amendments (compost and soil), to investigate its effect on Ni accumulation and growth of Ricinus communis (castor). Addition of 1% of biochar showed improved plant growth (number of leaves, number of seeds, root and shoot length) along with reduced accumulation of Ni in root and its meagre transfer to shoot compared to other treatments. Treatment with 3% biochar also showed better results for lower accumulation of Ni. However, the plant growth parameters were lower as compared to the treatment with 1% of biochar. The study suggests addition of biochar along with amendments reduced the bioavailability of Ni by immobilizing it on the substrate which resulted in its reduced accumulation in below ground and aerial parts of plant. Further, long-term studies are required to understand the main effect of biochar along with its influence on plant physiology and biochemistry.
... PHEs present in the soil can enter into the human body through different exposure pathways and may cause a threat to health (Zheng et al. 2010). Some elements like Cr, although at a very low concentration, might be essential to maintain several physiological activities in human bodies, yet its elevated level becomes toxic to the body (Sarkar et al. 2019;Kumar et al. 2019;Awuchi et al. 2020). Other elements such as Pb, Cd, Hg, and Ni have no proven useful role in maintaining human physiological activities, and they may become toxic, even with a very low level of exposure. ...
This study aimed to analyze the potentially harmful elements (PHEs) associated with roadside dust and their exposure risks to human health in Dhanbad, India. For the assessment of PHEs pollution, the geo-accumulation index, contamination factor, and integrated pollution load index were used. In this study the noncarcinogenic risk assessment for the people exposed to PHEs was estimated with the help of hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI); whereas the carcinogenic risk was estimated with the help of lifetime carcinogenic risk (CR). Major sources of PHEs pollution in the study area were vehicular emissions, domestic coal burning, transportation of coal, and industrial activities. Concentration of analyzed PHEs—Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, Cd, As, Pb, Zn, Mn, and Fe was found within 4.22–31.09, 4.47–31.81, 8.48–46.97, 1.25–16.76, 1.29–5.25, 0.89–2.81, 30.07–81.64, 98.26–171.86, 23.23–474.93, and 1001.14–22,520.50 mg/kg, respectively. Values of HQ and HI indices below 1 would not introduce noncarcinogenic risk. Whereas the higher value of HQ and HI for children compared to the adults indicated that the children are more likely to be at risk. With values of CR below the safe limit for Co, Cd, and Pb (CR < 10–6), the carcinogenic risk associated with the exposure of these PHEs is unlikely. However, for Cr, As, and Ni, the CR value went beyond the safe limit, and thus, exposure Cr, As, and Ni, may pose a carcinogenic risk. Further, higher values (> 10–6) of total carcinogenic risk (CRT) for the carcinogenic PHEs will have the probability to pose a carcinogenic risk.
... In consequence, except for the Zn 2+ wastewater from automobile electroplating, wastewater contains Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , and Mn 2+ will be also generated in the disposal process of the battery. These toxic metal ions can accumulate in biological chain, and cause severe health problem even death when excessive [2]. Therefore, the removal of heavy metal ions from the wastewater is of significant importance. ...
The removal of heavy metal ions is significantly important in industrial wastewater treatment. This study reported a cost-effective novel biomass carbon prepared from agricultural discarded walnut green peel (known as HBC), and its adsorption characteristics for three heavy metal ions: Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Co²⁺ were studied. It was found that HBC possessed well-developed hierarchical porous structure and rich oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups, which facilitated the adsorption process. Fundamental isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic adsorption studies were conducted, and HBC showed great adsorption capacity for all three ions by up to 249, 129, and 113 mg·g⁻¹ for Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Co²⁺ respectively. Fitting results to their mathematical models illustrated that the chemical adsorption mechanism dominated the adsorption by HBC. In addition, competitive and dynamic adsorption, as well as reusability studies of HBC were performed for further understanding HBC’s characteristics toward potential industrial wastewater treatment. Competitive adsorption results showed that HBC was highly selective for Zn²⁺ in both binary and ternary ion systems. Better adsorption performance for Zn²⁺ was also found in dynamic adsorption study with longer breakthrough and exhaustion time compared with Ni²⁺ and Co²⁺. Finally, the adsorption efficiencies of HBC for all three metal ions could still maintained at a high lever between 84 and 90% even after 5 adsorption-desorption repeats, suggesting promising reusability of HBC as an adsorbent.
... Change in climate and deterioration in physico-chemical characteristics of soil cause severe loss in vegetation which is of prime concern for today's world. Addition of chemical fertilizers showed good response in improving plant growth however they remain persistent in the soil for long time and cause environmental problems [1,2]. Biochar (BC) is carbonaceous material produced by pyrolysis of carbon-enrich materials in the absence of oxygen [3,4]. ...
The paper presents the results of evaluating the effect of different concentrations (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0%) of biochar from birch wood on the growth parameters of Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. in model pots. The addition of biochar to the soil in most cases had a positive effect on growth parameters (root and shoot length and biomass, leaf area) of P. tanacetifolia. The best results were observed when biochar was added in concentrations of 7.5% whereas least effect – at 2.5%.
... The ecosystems of the environs of the city of Karabash have repeatedly been the object of scientific research [7][8][9]. Scientific interest in these areas is due to the need to study the biological consequences of more than a century of exposure to toxic smoke emissions on biota and human health and factors that led to the destruction of natural objects, the loss of their quantitative and qualitative parameters, as well as the need to find ways to resolve the most severe environmental crisis in ongoing technogenic pollution. ...
The results of the study of the state of mature pollen of Scots pine stands in the zone of action of smoke emissions from plant JSC «Karabashmed» in connection with the level of technogenic impact are presented. It was shown that disturbances in the development of male gametophyte in the zones of technogenic pollution are already realized at the early stages of microspore development and are revealed by the high frequency of small underdeveloped pollen. At the same time, the frequency of small and degenerated pollen was many times higher in the pool of mature pine pollen in the stand under conditions of a low level of pollution than under background conditions. A high frequency of pollen grains with anomalies of air sacs was detected in the stand under background conditions. The results of the study indicate a high sensitivity of the male generative system to technogenic pollution (accumulated in the soil, aerosol, gas) and the possibility of its bioindication in the absence of symptoms of damage to the assimilation apparatus. It was found that most of the pine trees growing on the soil of fine-stone-sandy composition correspond to the categories of weakened and dying ones, which makes it possible to recognize the conditions of the man-made land as extremely unfavorable for the growth and development of pine. The mature pine pollen of these stands is characterized by the peculiar features that distinguish it from the pollen of other stands. The conclusion is made about the negative effect of smoke emissions from the JSC «Karabashmed» plant on the condition of pine plantations and the male generative system of pine, even at a considerable distance from the source of emissions.
