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The main objective of present work was to prepare a solid SEDDS for enhancement of oral bioavailability of Valsartan, poorly water soluble drug. The solubility of the drug was determined in various vehicles. A pseudo ternary phase diagram was constructed to identify the self-micro emulsification region. Further, the resultant formulations were inve...
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Objective: The present work is aimed at developing liquid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (liquid-SNEDDS) of manidipine. Methods: The manidipine SNEDDS is formulated with excipients comprising Capmul MCM as oil phase, Transcutol P as surfactant, and Lutrol L 300 as cosurfactant. The prepared fifteen formulations of manidipine SNEDDS were...
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... LBDDS encapsulates the drug and avoids all these constraints. Figure 5 gives an overview of currently used LBDDS for the treatment of hypertension, and various lipid carriers were used from natural and synthetic source for oral delivery of antihypertensive drugs falling in numerous classes as shown in Table 5. Te excipients selected for the development of these delivery system must be nontoxic and biodegradable [22,24,75,76,148,, , [211][212][213][214][215][216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223][224][225], [226][227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236][237][238][239][240][241]. Final oral dosage forms contain functional pharmaceutical excipients that ensure optimal drug performance, facilitate practical and afordable manufacturing, and ofer patient-friendly administration [242]. ...
The lipid-based drug delivery system (LBDDS) is a well-established technique that is anticipated to bring about comprehensive transformations in the pharmaceutical field, impacting the management and administration of drugs, as well as treatment and diagnosis. Various LBDDSs verified to be an efficacious mechanism for monitoring hypertension systems are SEDDS (self-nano emulsifying drug delivery), nanoemulsion, microemulsions, vesicular systems (transferosomes and liposomes), and solid lipid nanoparticles. LBDDSs overcome the shortcomings that are associated with antihypertensive agents because around fifty percent of the antihypertensive agents experience a few drawbacks including short half-life because of hepatic first-pass metabolism, poor aqueous solubility, low permeation rate, and undesirable side effects. This review emphasizes antihypertensive agents that were encapsulated into the lipid carrier to improve their poor oral bioavailability. Incorporating cutting-edge technologies such as nanotechnology and targeted drug delivery, LBDDS holds promise in addressing the multifactorial nature of hypertension. By fine-tuning drug release profiles and enhancing drug uptake at specific sites, LBDDS can potentially target renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system components, sympathetic nervous system pathways, and endothelial dysfunction, all of which play crucial roles in hypertension pathophysiology. The future of hypertension management using LBDDS is promising, with ongoing reviews focusing on precision medicine approaches, improved biocompatibility, and reduced toxicity. As we delve deeper into understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying hypertension, LBDDS offers a pathway to develop next-generation antihypertensive therapies that are safer, more effective, and tailored to individual patient needs.
... The instrument was calibrated using polystyrene film. Pure drug and excipients were separately used (Usha et al., 2015). The IR peak of pure Valsartan was analyzed and compared with the peaks of the prepared formulations (Fc, Fs, and Ft). ...
The oral drug delivery is the most generally used route of administration that has been explored for the delivery of drugs through various pharmaceutical products. Solubility of drug plays critical role in achieving the optimum therapeutic levels of the drug in blood and thus bioavailability. There are many drugs of various therapeutic categories fall in Biopharmaceutics Classification System Classes II and IV as they lack solubility. For all these drugs, dissolution is the big issue for the absorption process. Valsartan is an effective antihypertensive agent and it can be used for the treatment of hypertension in most cases. The objective of this study is to prepare Valsartan as an oral sachet which can be used as an alternative dosage form after improvement of drug solubility using solubilizing agents such as sodium lauryl sulfate and tween 80. Three different formulas of Valsartan sachet were prepared by conventional technique of wet granulation method named conventional formula (Fc), sodium lauryl sulfate formula (Fs), and tween 80 formula (Ft) then compared with the available marketed product of Valsartan tablet (Fd) as a reference. The preformulations studies were conducted to exclude drug excipients interaction. Evaluation was performed in terms of weight variation, dose content uniformity, and drug release study using dissolution test apparatus. Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy reveals no drug excipient interaction and the drug release profile for Fs and Ft formulas within 30 min was 100.16% and 104.16%, respectively, while for Fc only 57.55% of the drug was released. This difference in the release profile was statistically significant (P < 0.05) between Fs and Ft with Fc, but a non- significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed between Fs and Ft with the marketed Valsartan tablet (Fd). The results support the possibility of using the prepared formulas Fs and Ft as a Valsartan sachet for the oral administration alternative to conventional Valsartan tablets Fd.
Objective: To enhance solubility and dissolution rate of budesonide through development of solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS). Methods: Liquid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (L-SNEDDS) were prepared and ternary phase diagram was constructed using Origin pro 8. Liquid self-nanoemulsifying formulation LF2 having 20% oil and 80% of surfactant/co-surfactant was optimized from the three formulations (LF1-LF3) to convert in to solid, through various characterization techniques like self-emulsification, in vitro drug release profile and drug content estimation. The prepared L-SNEDDS converted into S-SNEDDS, SF1-SF6 by adsorption technique using Aerosil 200, Neusilin US2, and Neusilin UFL2 to improve flowability, compressibility and stability. Results: Formulation LF2 exhibited globule size of 82.4 nm, PDI 0.349 and Zeta potential -28.6 mV with drug indicating the stability and homogeneity of particles. The optimized formulation SF4 containing Neusilin UFL2 was characterized by DSC, FTIR, X-Ray diffraction studies and found no incompatibility and no major shifts were noticed. Formulation SF4 released 100 % drug in 20 min against pure drug release of 47 % in 60 min. Regardless of the form (i.e. liquid or solid) similar performance of emulsification efficiency is observed. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the technique of novel solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system can be employed to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drug budesonide.
Background and objective: Severely overlapped absorption spectra of compounds
cannot be analyzed with the aid of normal UV/Visible spectrophotometric techniques.
Spectrophotometric assisted chemometric techniques are powerful tools to analyze
overlapped absorption spectra of multicomponent mixture. Chemometric artificial neural
network (ANN) and spectrophotometric technique were applied for simultaneous
determination of ternary mixtures of resorcinol, caffeic acid and ascorbic acid without any
prior separation steps.
Methods: In this method an ANN consisting of three layers of input, hidden and output
layers (multiple layer type), 30 nodes in the input layer corresponding the data of the
absorption spectra of calibration samples in the training set, 8 nodes in the hidden layer,
3 nodes in the output layer corresponding the concentration of resorcinol, caffeic acid
and ascorbic acid, respectively, was trained and successfully applied for simultaneous
determination of resorcinol, caffeic acid and ascorbic acid.
Results: The absorption spectra of these components (resorcinol, caffeic acid and
ascorbic acid) severely overlapped in UV spectral range. By optimizing the network
architecture of the ANN system, the predication accuracy was enhanced. The validation of
the model was made basing upon the calculation of Error% of the prediction of each one
of resorcinol, caffeic acid and ascorbic acid, respectively. The value of predicted residual
error sum of squares (PRESS), mean squared error (MSE) and root mean squared error
(RMSE) for the prediction of the validation set are within the acceptable range.
Conclusion: The proposed trained spectrophotometric assisted ANN-chemometric
technique was successfully applied for simultaneous determination of resorcinol, caffeic
acid and ascorbic acid in samples of Salvadora persica L. without any preliminary chemical
separation and good recovery.
Background and objective: Metal pollution of waterways directly affects human
health and can impact the food chain. The purpose of this study was to analyze and
quantify some heavy metals in fifty-six of different canned food samples (Luncheon
meat, powder milk, beans, peas, tomato paste, beverage, black olive, coffee
powder, and cheese) that available in Erbil markets.
Methods: Concentrations (μg/g) of some heavy metals were determined using
atomic absorption spectroscopic technique.
Results: The average (mean) range of Iron (Fe) was between 5.31-63.64 (μg/g),
whereas zinc (Zn) range is 0.484 (μg/g) to 13.81 (μg/g). And Manganese (Mn) was
an average range between 0.64-8 (μg/g). Although mercury was found with 0.03
(μg/g) in one milk sample, however for other heavy metals cobalt (Co), tin (Sn),
cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), in canned samples were not found.
Conclusion: Based on the WHO-FAO Guidelines for the Evaluation of Heavy
metal in Food, there is no health risk associated with (iron, zinc, manganese)
concentration in the samples analyzed. But in all samples are less than the level
content of the same types in natural freshly. Some descriptive statistical analysis
with one way ANOVA was performed on the obtained results.
