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In recent years, the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry has broadly expanded the use of Virtual Design and Construction (VDC), particularly Lean Construction methods, to deliver value to their customers. VDC includes the use of Production Management using Lean methods as an integral part of the defining theory and method, an...
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... there are studies that point out how the impacts of VDC can be directly associated with Lean Principles (product view), this paper suggests that Lean Construction methods can help to reduce waste in the information flow (process view) of VDC practice. Figure 2 shows the graphical representation of waste in VDC practice. ...
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This paper lays the theoretical foundations for the characterisation the course of processes in production engineering by means of computer tools, with the focus on the essence and benefits resulting from the use the programmes in question. The main objective of this study is to employ a selected computer tool for modelling, analysing and simulatin...
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... According to Giménez et al. [41], there are factors that influence the value generation process; these are (1) life cycle cost minimization; (2) the pursuit of customer satisfaction; (3) integrated solutions for requirements fulfillment; (4) requirement capture and flow-down; (5) assurance of the capacity and performance of the production system; (6) verification that the requirements are met; (7) value measurement through metrics; and (8) the identification of value losses. These factors result from integrating several value perspectives [15,47,48].On the other hand, the simultaneous development of the process and the product is considered an opportunity to generate value [49,50]. Value can be maximized when needs are accurately determined and are maximally satisfied by the product produced and the process employed to produce it [51]. ...
The traditional design approach faces difficulties in adequately responding to the value expected by customers. This research explores the generation and loss of value in the traditional housing design to understand how it responds to customer needs based on different conditions of satisfaction and identify the most common value losses. The novel Value Analysis Model (VAM) is applied in three traditional housing design projects as case studies to explore the desired, potential, and generated value for four typical customers: owners, designers, builders, and end-users. The main results quantitatively show that the traditional housing design process does not meet the value expected by customers; the builders and the designers obtain less value in the process, and the product, respectively; and both the end-user and the owner are the customers who receive more value. This paper incorporates the value losses associated with differences in the criteria of the various project stakeholders (default) and losses resulting from poor project performance. According to the findings, the most widespread value losses are associated with the project performance itself rather than differences in customers' perceptions. The main practical contribution is that the value benefits become explicit (measurable and traceable) through VAM. These explicit value metrics can be included alongside traditional project performance measures to provide a customer-centric perspective. For teams attempting to design efficiently, having a tool to assess and measure value generation during creating is important because value losses can be detected early.
... On the other hand, another approach to address construction productivity problems is Lean Construction, which is a philosophy based on continuous improvement, waste reduction and value generation (Sacks, Koskela, Dave, & Owen, 2010). Different authors have studied the relation between BIM and Lean, identifying positive interactions in their combined use (Dubler, Messner, & Anumba, 2010;Hamdi & Leite, 2012;Mandujano, Alarcón, Kunz, & Mourgues, 2016;Sacks et al., 2010). ...
... Most of these interactions were documented through evidence from practice or previous research. Mandujano et al. (2016) complemented this study by extending the concept of BIM to VDC (Virtual Design and Construction), finding 224 interactions, where 219 represent a positive synergy. ...
... Lean management has the purpose to ensure continuous improvement of value creation in companies by engaging all employees (Womack and Jones Daniel 2003). It provides methods to identify waste and uses a number of tools and principles to minimise or remove waste (Mandujano et al. 2016). It allows companies to 'specify value, line up valuecreating actions in the best sequence, conduct these activities without interruption whenever someone requests them, and perform them more and more effectively' (Womack and Jones 1996). ...
Lean is a management philosophy that aims to ensure the continuous improvement of value creation in companies. In order to implement Lean Management optimally, all employees of the company must be involved. Previous research, however, mainly looks at the implementation of the methods, the perception and attitude of the employees often get into the background. The aim of the paper is to examine a possible influence of perceived lean degree on the relationship between implemented lean methods and job satisfaction. An online survey was conducted with 264 participants to collect data. A partial least squares (PLS) approach to structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses of the study. We are able to determine that some lean implementation factors are indeed fully mediated with their impact on job satisfaction. The results imply that lean implementation factors should be accompanied with supporting activities to ensure positive effects on job satisfaction. This is the first article to examine the relationship of actually implemented lean methods in relation to employee perception of lean on their job satisfaction.
... The purpose of dealing with construction projects as production systems is to change the work structure in both design and construction to maximize project performance [9]. Lean principles depend on optimization of whole process through collaboration, continuous improvement, elimination of waste and customer satisfaction [10]. ...
Still, there is a need to minimize wastes such as delays, defects, overproduction, over-processing, etc., which are associated with high generation in the Egyptian construction industry. The objective of this research is to identify the root causes of waste in Egyptian building construction projects and how the lean principles and techniques assist in its minimization. Therefore, new practical techniques and tools need to be inserted that help project managers minimize wastages in the construction industry with the optimum use of resources. Sources of wastes are identified and classified under lean construction. The study results showed that poor site management and practices are the highest waste generation sources. In minimizing Wastes classified under the development of lean construction implementation, there are various lean techniques and tools that can be used to improve the construction industry performance, productivity and save time and cost by adding value to the product. The study results showed that only 14% of respondents have an average understanding of lean construction, but most of the respondents use lean tools and techniques without good knowledge about lean.
... The more critical authors [40,41] warn that BIM is not the panacea, since it cannot fix anything automatically. They consider that improvements in BIM computational implementation and interoperability are strongly needed to effectively address waste minimisation through BIM, by clarifying a way forward rather than simply adding mere rhetoric. ...
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE:
Construction waste (CW) is a prime contributor to the stream of total waste worldwide. One of the biggest challenges of the construction industry is to minimise CW and to develop practices of a more sustainable nature for its management and recycling in order to promote its transition towards a more effective circular economy. The implementation of these practices contributes towards mitigating the scarcity of natural resources and the environmental impact of CW. Thus, a preceding and essential step is the estimation of CW during building design, which will allow the adoption of measures for its early reduction and optimisation. For this purpose, Building Information Modelling (BIM) has become a useful methodology to predict waste during the early stages of design. There remains, however, a lack of instrumental development. Therefore, this study proposes a BIM-based method to estimate CW during building design by integrating a consolidated construction waste quantification model in three different BIM platforms. For its validation, the method is applied to the structural system of a Spanish residential building. The results provide evidence that the proposed method is vendor-neutral and enables the automatic identification and quantification of the waste generated by each building element during the design stage in multiple BIM platforms.
... There have been important advances regarding the synergies between building information modeling (BIM), as part of virtual design and construction (VDC) and Lean Construction (Kunz and Fischer 2020;Mandujano 2017;Mandujano et al. 2016). Despite these advances, previous studies have been focused primarily on product modeling and Lean Construction synergies, leaving aside the process and organizational components. ...
... VDC involves much more than simply implementing new software; it is a new way of working (Mandujano et al. 2015). This requires a move away from traditional workflow, with all parties sharing and effectively working on a common pool of information (Mandujano et al. 2016). Lean implementation involves three components: product, organization and process (Kunz and Fischer 2011). ...
... Finally, the interaction of "Analysis of Design Options" and "Flexibility" and "Standardize" are a clear example of the need to incorporate Lean throughout all VDC practice. Mandujano et al. (2016) found several types of waste within current VDC practice and suggested that if teams use Lean methods and focus on elimination of these types of waste (i.e., non-value added processing, motion (excess), inventory (excess), waiting and overproduction), teams can improve VDC practices dramatically and also suggests the use of protocols for sharing models, BIM libraries, meeting protocols or quality protocols in order to remove waste within VDC practice and, in our case, enhance or reverse the negative interactions. ...
There have been important advances regarding the synergies between Building Information Modeling (BIM)-as part of Virtual Design and Construction (VDC)-and Lean Construction. However, the literature does not fully explore the nature of these synergies nor the conceptual reasons behind them. This better understanding of these synergies would allow the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry to achieve better Lean and VDC implementations and would provide a stepping-stone for the academia to continue building on these synergies. This article presents a thorough literature review based on leading international journals, conference proceedings and books, to explore the synergies between Lean Construction and VDC, including BIM (product), process and organization modeling. As part of this review, the article tests mechanisms about interaction mechanisms, previously mentioned in the literature. The findings indicate that using the entire VDC framework, the positive interactions between Lean and VDC increased significantly with respect to the same analysis restricted to the interaction between Lean and BIM. Identifying these new interactions and interaction mechanisms can help the AEC industry take a more holistic approach and generate improvements in every project phase.
... El uso combinado de Lean Construction sobre el modelo virtual VDC ayuda a reducir los tiempos y el re-working. Si los equipos de obra usan Lean Construction combinado sobre el modelo virtual VDC y ponen su esfuerzo en la eliminación de tiempos muertos de espera, excesos o excedentes que tienen que ver con los movimientos en obra sobrantes y los stockages de inventario, sobreproducción, etc. los equipos en fase de obra pueden mejorar drásticamente el tiempo de ejecución de la obra como ya analizaron Mandujano et al. (2016). ...
The AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) sector in Spain is transforming due to the BIM (Building Information Modeling) methodology. BIM involves collaborative work for the management of building or civil works projects through a digital information model. Currently, it is observed that there is a growing trend in the use of BIM in the design phase of the project, due to the mandatory nature of its use by the contracting bodies. Now we ask ourselves: are the companies in the AEC sector prepared to implement the BIM methodology in the Execution Phase on site? This implementation requires both collaborative work in the cloud between the different agents in the construction process and the transmission of adequate information. The objective of this work is to propose a method that allows the Project Management to carry out an adequate BIM implementation in the Execution Phase, relying at all times on the information from the VDC (Virtual Design Construction) previously developed in BIM Methodology, both for Work Planning (BIM 4D) as well as for the economic quantification, control and certification of the work phases (BIM 5D).
... Tương tự như vậy, nhiều học giả 21-25 tập trung vào việc xác định, phân loại và đo lường lãng phí. Ở giai đoạn sau, dường như đã có sự chuyển hướng sang nghiên cứu lãng phí liên quan đến các chủ đề đương đại khác như tính bền vững [26][27][28] , thiết kế và xây dựng ảo 29 , Mô hình thông tin công trình -BIM 30 . Vài năm qua đã chứng kiến sự gia tăng của các nghiên cứu đơn thuần về sự lãng phí khi xem xét các nguyên tắc và kỹ thuật xây dựng tinh gọn, ví dụ như Maid và Desai 31 , Igwe, Hammad 32 , Bajjou và Chafi 33 . ...
Lean construction is a powerful wave in the construction industry around the world. Construction researchers and practitioners in Vietnam have also begun to pay attention to this wave. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of waste perceptions among the Vietnamese construction profession from the perspective of lean construction. Using data obtained from online questionnaire survey, the author undertook statistical calculation, analysis and interpretion by virtue of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. From the findings of the article, it can be seen that most of the views on construction waste are leaning towards loss and corruption. At the same time, there is not much difference in perception between occupational groups. They also show a sense of acuity and timeliness when making recommendations. Although the number of respondents to the survey is not a large number, in general, the research results have sketched a rough picture of the current perceptions of waste, which is a premise for further studies on lean construction. The author proposes a research direction on the openness of construction practitioners to the innovation trends and the development of a lean construction implementation framework in Vietnam's construction industry.
... The virtual design and construction (VDC) method is applicable to BIM as a new approach to manage data and organize users and their work methods [73][74][75][76]. By implementing VDC and production management using lean methods, the achievement of performance improvement is possible. ...
... By reduction or reliable prediction of output variability, lean construction goals can be realized, and a BIM-integrated simulation framework can be used to plan reliable production and enhance the involved parties' efficiency in construction projects. Therefore, reliable production planning is significantly important for lean construction achievement [75]. ...
Citation: Sepasgozar, S.M.E.; Hui, F.K.P.; Shirowzhan, S.; Foroozanfar, M.; Yang, L.; Aye, L. Lean Practices Using Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Digital Twinning for Sustainable Construction. Sustainability 2021, 13, 161. https://dx. There is a need to apply lean approaches in construction projects. Both BIM and IoT are increasingly being used in the construction industry. However, using BIM in conjunction with IoT for sustainability purposes has not received enough attention in construction. In particular, the capability created from the combination of both technologies has not been exploited. There is a growing consensus that the future of construction operation tends to be smart and intelligent, which would be possible by a combination of both information systems and sensors. This investigation aims to find out the recent efforts of utilizing BIM for lean purposes in the last decade by critically reviewing the published literature and identifying dominant clusters of research topics. More specifically, the investigation is further developed by identifying the gaps in the literature to utilize IoT in conjunction with BIM in construction projects to facilitate applying lean techniques in a more efficient way in construction projects. A systematic review method was designed to identify scholarly papers covering both concepts “lean” and “BIM” in construction and possibilities of using IoT. A total of 48 scholarly articles selected from 26 construction journals were carefully reviewed thorough perusal. The key findings were discussed with industry practitioners. The transcriptions were analyzed employing two coding and cluster analysis techniques. The results of the cluster analysis show two main directions, including the recent practice of lean and BIM interactions and issues of lean and BIM adoption. Findings revealed a large synergy between lean and BIM in control interactions and reduction in variations, and surprisingly there are many uncovered areas in this field. The results also show that the capability of IoT is also largely not considered in recent developments. The number of papers covering both lean and BIM is very limited, and there is a large clear gap in understanding synergetic interactions of lean concepts applying in BIM and IoT in specific fields of construction such as sustainable infrastructure projects.
... Lean construction is a fairly recent approach, rooted in the manufacturing sector, which focuses on reducing operations that do not contribute to the project's owner producing value. Non-value -adding operations are, in this sense, known as waste (Mandujano et al. 2016;Tafazzoli et al. 2020). It has changed the traditional view of labor and workflow reliability. ...
... Finally, the results indicate that continuous flow of waste management leads to project performance, which is in line with past studies (e.g., Erol et al. 2017;Mandujano et al. 2016;Salhieh et al. 2018;Henao et al. 2019;Herrera et al. 2020). The results demonstrate that continuous improvement in workplace and construction activities encourages employees to be proactive, leading to increased awareness about construction processes regularly (Minh et al. 2018). ...
Poor project performance in Malaysian construction industry resulting from poor cost management, time overrun, and inadequate quality has encouraged scholars to investigate the feasibility, suitability, and acceptability of lean principles in the construction sector. The purpose of this study was to assess the appropriateness and acceptability of lean principles by construction companies based in Pahang, Malaysia. This study applied quantitative methods and a simple random sampling technique to select 104 respondents from construction companies located in Pahang, Malaysia. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Results show that three variables in lean principles, namely operation in the flow of waste management, employee involvement in the flow of waste management, and continuous flow of waste management, support construction project performance. Conversely, information about flow in waste management negatively influences project performance. The findings from this study can be used as a guideline for better performance in cost management for Malaysia's construction industry.
