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Planktonic populations were sampled over a 4 week period in the NW Mediterranean, at a site subject to little vertical advection during the Dynaproc 2 cruise in 2004. The characteristics of the phytoplankton, the tintinnid community and the zooplankton have recently been described (Lasternas et al., 2008; Dolan et al., 2009; Raybaud et al., 2008)....
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... of species abundance distributions are shown in Fig. 4. Typically, the 5 most abundant species accounted for about 80% of the total individuals in all three groups. Com- parison of observed species abundance distributions with modeled distributions showed that the geometric model was Table 1. Results of the analysis of the Ceratium species abun- dance distributions. For each date the ...
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... A estrutura da comunidade de organismos do zooplâncton é altamente diversa em termos de tamanho dos organismos, suas dietas, seus modos de alimentação e seu comportamento. Cada organismo tem um diferente efeito sobre o fluxo de matéria (Raybaud et al., 2008). A diversidade estrutural e funcional de zooplâncton podem ser alterados mediante a influência dos pulsos de inundação, onde a comunidade pode passar por flutuações temporais e espaciais, podem se tornar indicadores das alterações naturais ou antrópicas nos ecossistemas aquáticos. ...
O Acre é rico em biodiversidade. Na planície de inundação do Rio Juruá são encontrados vários meandros abandonados, onde os estudos sobre a estrutura populacional do zooplâncton são ainda escassos. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a riqueza e abundância de Rotifera em duas épocas sazonais e diárias, no Lago do Miritizal no período de maio e outubro de 2012, partindo do pressuposto que as épocas influenciam na estrutura e dinâmica da comunidade. O Lago do Miritizal é de água branca, considerado uma área não antropizada, onde a única atividade exercida neste lugar é a pesca de subsistência no período da vazante. As coletas foram realizadas na época da vazante e enchente. As características da água temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, condutividade elétrica, turbidez e clorofila foram mensuradas. As amostragens de zooplâncton foram realizadas durante (07) sete dias em dois períodos sazonais, com rede de plâncton (malha de 55 μm). Os resultados mostraram diferenças tanto para as características da água, como para o zooplâncton, entre os períodos e entre os dias.
... Most research reveals that the tintinnid community with SAD described by a log-series distribution is structured by dispersal limitation coherent with the unified neutral theory in the oligotrophic eastern Pacific and in the open water of the Mediterranean Sea , Raybaud et al. 2009). In contrast, SAD of tintinnids in the coastal Mediterranean Sea show a log-normal pattern, indicating that the community seems to be shaped by environmental condition rather than neutral processes (Sitran et al. 2009). ...
... Most studies show that SAD for tintinnid ciliates generally matches a log-series distribution across the southeastern Pacific Ocean , in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea , Raybaud et al. 2009) and in the California Current , coherent with the neutral theory of community. Log-series, like SADs of marine organisms such as diatoms, follows from neutral models of biodiversity and reveals near ecological equivalence among species (Pueyo 2006). ...
Tintinnid community structure was investigated by plankton net (20 μm) sampling in the water column (0–200 m) at 33 stations during the spring inter-monsoon (10 March–9 April 2012) in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. A total of 126 species belonging to 32 genera was recorded. Tintinnid abundance and biomass in the range of 193–2983 ind./m3 and 0.99–14.75 µg C/m3 were positively related to integrated chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration. Taxonomic and morphological diversity were not significantly related to integrated chl a concentration and size diversity estimated by size-fractionated chl a concentration in the water column of 0–200 m, but were negatively correlated to the depth of deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM). Species abundance distributions at most stations (31 of 33) and in the 3 zones; the northern zone of the equator (NEQ), the southern zone of the equator (SEQ) and the equator (EQ); followed a typical lognormal distribution. The geometric distribution gave the best fit for the distribution of lorica oral diameter (LOD) size-classes in the NEQ and SEQ. It suggests that the community structure of tintinnid is governed by underlying water column environment rather than by neutral theory of random colonisation from a large species pool.
... Most research reveals that the tintinnid community with SAD described by a log-series distribution is structured by dispersal limitation coherent with the unified neutral theory in the oligotrophic eastern Pacific and in the open water of the Mediterranean Sea , Raybaud et al. 2009). In contrast, SAD of tintinnids in the coastal Mediterranean Sea show a log-normal pattern, indicating that the community seems to be shaped by environmental condition rather than neutral processes (Sitran et al. 2009). ...
... Most studies show that SAD for tintinnid ciliates generally matches a log-series distribution across the southeastern Pacific Ocean , in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea , Raybaud et al. 2009) and in the California Current , coherent with the neutral theory of community. Log-series, like SADs of marine organisms such as diatoms, follows from neutral models of biodiversity and reveals near ecological equivalence among species (Pueyo 2006). ...
... Diversos autores indican que el análisis de las comunidades planctónicas como los tintínidos es una herramienta para la construcción de cadenas tróficas que permitan entender el funcionamiento de un determinado hábitat (Cariou, Dolan & Dallot, 1999;Li et al., 2015;Raybaud, Tunin-Ley, Ritchie & Dolan, 2009;Santoferrara & Alder, 2012;Villate, Uriarte, Olivar, Maynou, Emelianov & Ameztoy, 2014;Wirtz, 2012). En su rol como agente conector y transfusor de materia y energía entre organismos de la base de las cadenas tróficas marinas, los tintínidos son considerados un importante consumidor herbívoro de detritus, picoplancton, bacterioplancton y de nanoplancton autotrófico y heterotrófico, así como de diatomeas y dinoflagelados (Alder, 1999;Hinder et al., 2012;Zhang, Zhang, Ni, Zhao, Huang & Xiao, 2015). ...
En los periodos de marzo de 2012 a marzo de 2013, y de setiembre del 2013 a agosto del 2014, se determinó la biodiversidad y abundancia de tintínidos y su relación con variables ambientales, en dos áreas marinas de pesca responsable (AMPR) (Puerto Níspero y Paquera) del Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica. Para ambas zonas de muestreo se determinó una estacionalidad de los parámetros físico-químicos influenciada por variabilidad climática de la zona, lo cual se evidenció con las diferencias significativas en el tiempo de muestreo. La población de tintínidos reflejó una baja diversidad de especies donde los principales representantes fueron Tintinnopsis parva, T. uruguayensis y Tintinnidium balechi; y su abundancia osciló entre un rango de 0 a 5583 cél L-1. Al correlacionar la abundancia de tintínidos con respecto a las variables ambientales estudiadas en cada sitio de muestreo, se determinó una tendencia a que las interacciones significativas fueran negativas, principalmente entre la abundancia de tintínidos y la concentración de oxígeno disuelto en ambas AMPR. También, al interrelacionar las variables ambientales respecto al comportamiento temporal de la abundancia de tintínidos, se determinó que sí hay una relación entre el aumento en la concentración de los organismos y la variación ambiental. A nivel general, la presencia de tintínidos evidencia el proceso natural de la cadena trófica, al garantizar una dinámica productiva en la base de la cadena alimenticia de las zonas de estudio.
... For both species and LOD size-classes, we constructed hypothetical log-rank abundance curves that could fit the data using parameters of the particular assemblage. We constructed curves for three different models of community organization: geometric series, log-series, and log-normal, as in several previous studies (Raybaud et al. 2009;Claessens et al. 2010;Doherty et al. 2010;Dolan et al. 2007Dolan et al. , 2009Dolan et al. , 2013Dolan et al. , 2016Dolan and Stoeck 2011). ...
Transient 'hot spots' of phytoplankton productivity occur in the generally oligotrophic Southern Pacific Ocean and we hypothesized that the population structure of tintinnid ciliates, planktonic grazers, would differ from that of a typical oligotrophic sites. Samples were collected over a 1 week period at each of two sites between Fiji and Tahiti: one of elevated chlorophyll a concentrations and primary productivity with an abundance of N-fixing cyanobacteria Trichodesmium, and a distant oligotrophic site. Tintinnid abundance differed between the sites by a factor of 2. A single species (Favella sp.), absent from the oligotrophic site, highly dominated the 'hot spot' site. However, total species richness was identical (71 spp) as well as short-term temporal variability (2-4 days). At both sites species abundance distributions most closely fit a log-series or log-normal distribution and the abundance distributions of ecological types, forms of distinct lorica oral diameter, were the typical geometric. Morphological diversity was only slightly lower at the high productivity site. We found that communities of these plankton grazers in 'hot spots' of phytoplankton productivity in oligotrophic systems differ little from surrounding oligotrophic areas. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... Then, we constructed hypothetical log-rank abundance curves that could fit the data by using parameters of the particular assemblage. We produced curves for three common models of community organization: geometric series, log-series and log-normal, as in several previous studies (Raybaud et al., 2009;Claessens et al., 2010;Doherty et al., 2010;Dolan et al., 2007Dolan et al., , 2009Dolan and Stoeck, 2011). ...
The latitudinal diversity gradient is a well-known biogeographic pattern. However, rarely considered is how a cline in species richness may be reflected in the characteristics of species assemblages. Fewer species may equal fewer distinct ecological types, or declines in redundancy (species functionally similar to one another) or fewer trace species, those occurring in very low concentrations. We focused on tintinnid ciliates of the microzooplankton in which the ciliate cell is housed inside a species-specific lorica or shell. The size of lorica oral aperture, the lorica oral diameter (LOD), is correlated with a preferred prey size and maximum growth rate. Consequently, species of a distinct LOD are distinct in key ecologic characteristics, whereas those of a similar LOD are functionally similar or redundant species. We sampled from East Sea/Sea of Japan to the High Arctic Sea. We determined abundance distributions of biological species and also ecological types by grouping species in LOD size-classes, sets of ecologically similar species. In lower latitudes there are more trace species, more size-classes and the dominant species are accompanied by many apparently ecologically similar species, presumably able to replace the dominant species, at least with regard to the size of prey exploited. Such redundancy appears to decline markedly with latitude in assemblages of tintinnid ciliates. Furthermore, the relatively small species pools of the northern high latitude assemblages suggest a low capacity to adapt to changing conditions.The ISME Journal advance online publication, 18 March 2016; doi:10.1038/ismej.2016.19.
... Yet, these methods have been rarely applied by phytoplankton ecologists. Previous studies reported species accumulation curves for phytoplankton and zooplankton by pooling together samples collected from different sampling sites and/or at different times (Margalef, 1969;Shurin et al., 2007;Raybaud et al., 2009;Korhonen et al., 2011;Olli et al., 2013). However, environmental conditions change across space and through time limiting the interpretation of these curves to a combination of species belonging to different spatially structured communities and/or stages of the seasonal succession. ...
We examined large volumes of seawater under the microscope to explore the limits of phytoplankton diversity in a highly dynamic coastal ecosystem. Our analysis showed that conventional sample volumes severely underestimate the species richness of these phytoplankton communities. The number of species observed doubled after a 10-fold increase in sample volume, implying that estimates of phytoplankton species richness depend critically on sampling effort. The volume of sample needed to detect 90% of the species varied between 0.25 and 1 L depending on the concentration of phytoplankton biomass.
... The initial and boundary conditions of the biogeochemical state variables were derived from the seasonal MEDATLAS climatological database. Only chlorophyll a and nutrient distributions (nitrates, phosphates and ammonium) were directly available from MEDATLAS and the remaining phyto-and zooplankton distributions, bacterial and organic matter fields were derived from chlorophyll a distribution to be in the range of values typically observed in the study area and already published in several works (Cauwet et al. 1997;Vidussi et al. 2001;Avril 2002;Tanaka and Rassoulzadegan 2002;Marty et al. 2008;Raybaud et al. 2008Raybaud et al. , 2009Tanaka 2009;Christaki et al. 2011a, b). ...
The 3D hydrodynamic Model for Applications at Regional Scale (MARS3D) was coupled with a biogeochemical model developed with the Ecological Modular Mechanistic Modelling (Eco3M) numerical tool. The three-dimensional coupled model was applied to the NW Mediterranean Sea to study the dynamics of the key biogeochemical processes in the area in relation with hydrodynamic constraints. In particular, we focused on the temporal and spatial variability of intracellular contents of living and non-living compartments. The conceptual scheme of the biogeochemical model accounts for the complex food web of the NW Mediterranean Sea (34 state variables), using flexible plankton stoichiometry. We used mechanistic formulations to describe most of the biogeochemical processes involved in the dynamics of marine pelagic ecosystems. Simulations covered the period from September 1, 2009 to January 31, 2011 (17 months), which enabled comparison of model outputs with situ measurements made during two oceanographic cruises in the region (Costeau-4: April 27–May 2, 2010 and Costeau-6: January 23–January 27, 2011).
... Finlay et al., 2006), and to organisms of distinct trophic levels. In passing it may be noted that assemblages of Ceratium, tintinnids and large copepods have been shown to share similar species abundance patterns over a time-scale of weeks in the NW Mediterranean Sea (Raybaud et al., 2009). ...
Large online databases contain a wealth of information from modern oceanographic
campaigns. While efforts have been made to “rescue” data from the older
literature, the assumption should not be made that all the good data that exist are
online, waiting to be downloaded and analysed. Here, I show an example of what
can be gleaned from the old literature. Three monographs from the last cruise of
the Carnegie catalogued the species of the phytoplankton genus Ceratium, the tintinnid
ciliates of the microzooplankton, and the copepod species of the zooplankton.
The samples employed were from plankton net tows or a “Pettersson
plankton pump” from 160 stations in the North and Central Atlantic, the Central,
Southern and Northern Pacific. From each monograph, the species records were
keyed into spreadsheets to allow station by station comparisons. Plotting species
richness along the cruise track showed roughly parallel changes among the three
groups with peaks and troughs corresponding with low and high latitudes. For
Ceratium, tintinnid ciliates, and copepods, very similar latitudinal diversity gradients
were evident after binning the species richness of each group into 58 bands of latitude.
The data extracted from the reports of the last cruise of the Carnegie
revealed close correspondence of diversity in planktonic organisms among the protists
and metazoan taxa of distinct trophic levels. The group with the most widespread
species was the copepods.
... ean marine phytoplankton, Pueyo (Pueyo, 2006) illustrated that both neutral and non-neutral mechanisms can coexist in nature, although they seem to have different weights in different groups of organisms. Dolan et al. (Dolan et al., 2007) found that a log-series often showed the best fit to the tintinnid rank-abundance distributions in the Pacific. Raybaud et al. (Raybaud et al., 2009) found that a log-normal distribution fitted the Ceratium (as Pueyo, 2006) and copepod (as in the present work) species distribution better, whereas a log-series distribution showed a better fit for tintinnids. These results confirm that neutral and non-neutral mechanisms could have different weights in different groups. In summary, our ...
In this study, we analysed the factors explaining the distribution and betadiversity of mesozooplankton species in shelf and
coastal areas in the Bay of Biscay. Nonparametric multiplicative regression models showed that for 35% of the 26 species analysed,
the geographical position was the main factor explaining distribution. The variation partitioning results of the betadiversity
analysis indicate that niche adaptation (12–25%) and dispersal limitation (14–15%) influence the distribution of mesozooplankton
species equally. Therefore, most of the variance (57–66%) remains unexplained suggesting there are other explaining factors
not controlled or that a part of the variability is purely stochastic. A log-normal distribution fitted the species rank-abundance
better than Hubbell's neutral model, which also indicates that the mesozooplankton distribution is not the result of pure
neutral communities colonizing randomly from a large species pool. Overall, the combination of results suggests that mesozooplankton
species have distribution centres that are often associated with geographical features, and from which they disperse randomly.
